Code No: RR410104 Set No.

1
IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
FINITE ELEMENT METHODS
(Civil Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. Explain how the principle of minimum potential energy forms the basis for the
displacement formulation for Finite element Analysis? [16]

2. (a) What do you understand by Functional approximation?

(b) Explain how the Raleigh-Ritz method can be used to approximate the solution
of a problem. [6+10]

3. (a) What are the assumptions made in plane stress problems?

(b) Develop stress-strain relationship for a plane stress problem and express it in
matrix form. [4+12]

4. Define:

(a) Local coordinate system and global coordinate system.

(b) Discuss the necessity for adopting local coordinate System for one dimensional
element? [10+6]

5. (a) Derive the shape functions for a one dimensional linear finite element.
(b) Describe the properties of shape functions. [10+6]

6. For a three Noded Triangular element shown in figure 1. Derive the shape functions
in terms of global coordinates. [16]

Figure 1:

7. Using Area Coordinates, develop shape functions for a six Node Triangular element.
[16]

1 of 2
Code No: RR410104 Set No. 1
8. Compare and contrast Lagrangian Elements and Serendipity Elements. [16]

⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

2 of 2
Code No: RR410104 Set No. 2
IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
FINITE ELEMENT METHODS
(Civil Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. Discuss in detail the general steps involved in Finite Element Methods. [16]

2. (a) What do you understand by Functional approximation?

(b) Explain how the Raleigh-Ritz method can be used to approximate the solution
of a problem. [6+10]

3. For a state of strain, if a displacement field is described by

u=(-x2 + 2y 2 + 6xy)10−4
v= (3x+6y-y 2)10−4
Determine the εx , εy and yxy at the point x=1, y=0 also find the stresses σx σy and
τxy , if E=200 Gpa, υ =0.30. [16]

4. Formulate the Element Stiffness Matrix for a Truss element using generalized co-
ordinates. [16]

5. (a) Derive the shape functions for a one dimensional linear finite element.
(b) Describe the properties of shape functions. [10+6]

6. For a three Noded Triangular element shown in figure 1. Derive the shape functions
in terms of global coordinates. [16]

Figure 1:

7. Show that Area Coordinate are related to shape functions for a three Node Triangu-
lar element and that area Coordinates lead to a different but equivalent formulation
for the shape function. [16]

1 of 2
Code No: RR410104 Set No. 2
8. Determine the Jacobian for the (x,y) (ξ, η) transformation for the element shown
in figure 2 also find the area of the triangle. [16]
Coordinates of Node 1 (3,2)
Node 2 (12,5)
Node 3 (7,9)

Figure 2:

⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

2 of 2
Code No: RR410104 Set No. 3
IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
FINITE ELEMENT METHODS
(Civil Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. Explain how the principle of minimum potential energy forms the basis for the
displacement formulation for Finite element Analysis? [16]

2. A cantilever beam of under uniformly distributed load of Intensity Po per unit

length and end moment Mo . Find the Transverse deflection using Raleigh-Ritz
functional evaluation and compare the result with exact Analytical solution. [16]

3. For the state of strain shown in figure 1.

Figure 1:

(a) Determin the three strains : εx , εy and yxy

(b) Determine the stresses : σx σy and τxy . If E=200 Gpa and υ = 0.3. [8+8]

4. (a) Explain local and global axes?

(b) What is meant by higher order element? How does it effect the solution of a
problem? [6+10]

5. (a) Derive the shape functions for a one dimensional linear finite element.
(b) Describe the properties of shape functions. [10+6]

6. A Rectangular Element with dimensions axb is defined in an x,y coordinate system.

Derive the shape functions interms of global coordinates. as shown in figure 2[16]

1 of 2
Code No: RR410104 Set No. 3

Figure 2:

7. Show that Volume Coordinates are Related to shape functions for a Four Node
quadrilateral element. [16]

8. (a) What is meant by an Isoparametric Element?

(b) Mention the Advantages of Isoparametric formulation.
(c) Differentiate between local and global Coordinates? [4+6+6]

⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

2 of 2
Code No: RR410104 Set No. 4
IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
FINITE ELEMENT METHODS
(Civil Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. Discuss in detail the three methods that provides Approximate solutions for Engi-
neering problems. [16]

2. (a) What do you understand by Functional approximation?

(b) Explain how the Raleigh-Ritz method can be used to approximate the solution
of a problem. [6+10]

3. In a plane strain problem, σx = 130 Mpa, σy = -65 Mpa, E= 200 Gpa, υ =0.30
Determine the value of stress σz . [16]

4. (a) Prove that structure stiffness matrix is always symmetric?

(b) Does the determinant of an element stiffness matrix exist? Explain. [8+8]

5. For the three stepped bar shown in figure 1.

Figure 1:

Determine

(a) The displacements at Nodes 2 and 3

(b) Stresses in three sections
(c) Reactions at the ends. [16]

6. For a three Noded Triangular element shown in figure 2. Derive the shape functions
in terms of global coordinates. [16]

7. Using Area Coordinates, develop shape functions for a six Node Triangular element.
[16]

1 of 2
Code No: RR410104 Set No. 4

Figure 2:

Figure 3:

8. Evaluate the Jacobian matrix [J] for the element shown in figure 3. [16]

⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

2 of 2