OR NL-5035

3 445b 0515275 9

FLANGE: A Computer Program for the Analysis of Flanged Joints with Ring-Type Gaskets
E. C. Rodabaugh F. M. OHara, Jr. S. E. Moore

Printed in the United States of America. Available from National Technical Information Service U.S. Department of Commerce 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 221 61 Price: Printed Copy $7.75; Microfiche $2.25
This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United States Government. Neither the United States nor the Energy Research and Development Administration, nor any of their employees, nor any of their contractors, subcontractors, or their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights.

ORNL - 5 035
YRC-1,

-5

Contract No. W-7405-eng-26

Re a c t o r Division

FLANGE: A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR THE ANALYSIS OF FLANGED JOINTS WITH RING-TYPE GASKETS

E . C. Rodabaugh Battelle-Columbus L a b o r a t o r i e s
F. M. O'Hara, Jr. S. E . Moore Oak Ridge N a t i o n a l Laboratory

Work funded by t h e Nuclear Regulatory Commission under I n t e r a g e n c y Agreement 40-495-75

JANUARY 1976

(OR N L

S u b c o n t r a c t No. 2913

for

OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830 Operated by 3 4456 0535275 9 UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION for the U. S. ENERGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION

iii CONTENTS Page FOREWORD 1.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Purpose and Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nomenclature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

INTRODUCTION GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE ANALYSIS FLANGE WITH A TAPERED-WALL HUB

1
2

2.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4 7 7

3.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equations for the Annular Ring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equations for the Tapered Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equations for the Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boundary Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boundary Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Displacements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 . FLANGE WITH A STRAIGHT HUB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.

. . .

11

.
.

11

12

15 17 20 20 24 25

15

. . Analysis Method . Stresses . . . . Displacements . .

BLIND FLANGES THERMAL GRADIENTS

. . . .

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26 27

7 . CHANGE IN BOLT LOAD WITH PRESSURE. TEMPERATURE. AND EXTERNAL MOMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Analysis External

8.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Moment Loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

36 37 37 41

28

Option Control

COMPUTER PROGRAM

Output from Code-Compliance Calculations

. . . . . . . . . . . Input for General Purpose Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . Output from General Purpose Calculations . . . . . . . . . . .

Input for Code-Compliance Calculations

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Data Card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .

39 43

47

iv

Page ACKNOWLEDGMENT APPENDIX A. APPENDIX B. REFERENCES

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Examples of Application of Computer Program FLANGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Flowcharts and Listing of Computer Program FLANGE and Attendant Subroutines . . . . .

52

52
53 97

....
. . . . . .

FOREWORD The work reported here was performed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Division, Subcontract No. 2913 as part of the ORNL Design Criteria for Piping and Nozzles Program, S. E. Moore, Manager. This program is funded by the Division of Reactor Safety Research (RSR) of the U.S. industry to develop and verify analytical methods for assessing the

and at Battelle-Columbus Laboratories under Union Carbide Corp., Nuclear

Nuclear Regulatory Commission as part of a cooperative effort with

project engineer is E. K. Lynn. The cooperative effort is coordinated Council under the Subcommittee on Piping, Pumps, and Valves. through the Pressure Vessel Research Committee of the Welding Research

safety of pressure-vessel and piping-system design. The cognizant RSR

prior years by the Division of Reactor Research and Development, U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration (formerly the USAEC). 1. W. L. Greenstreet, S. of Piping Components, Code Writing Bodies," Mechanical Engineers, 2.

ment, Reactor Division, ORNL, and is a continuation of work supported in

direction of W. L. Greenstreet and S. E. Moore, Solid Mechanics Depart-

The study described in this report was conducted under the general

Prior reports and open-literature publications in this series are:

E. Moore, and E. C. Rodabaugh, "Investigations Valves, and Pumps to Provide Information for ASME Paper 68-WA/PTC-6, American Society of New York, Dec. 2, 1968.

W. L. Greenstreet, S. E. Moore, and R. C. Gwaltney, Progress Report

on Studies in Applied Solid Mechanics, ORNL-TM-4576 (August 1970).

3. E. C. Rodabaugh, Phase Report No. 11s-1 on S t r e s s Indices for Small Branch Connections w i t h ExternaZ Loadings, ORNL-TM-3014 (August 1970). 4. E. C. Rodabuagh and A. G . Pickett, Survey Report on Structural Design of Piping Systems and Components, TID-25553 (December 1970). 5. E. C. Rodabaugh, Phase Report No. 115-8, S t r e s s e s in Out-of-Round Pipe Due to Interna2 Pressure, ORNL-TM-3244 (January 1971).
6.

S. E. Bolt and W. L. Greenstreet, "Experimental Determination of Plastic Collapse Loads f o r Pipe Elbows," ASME Paper 71-PVP-37, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York May 1971.

vi 7.
G . H. Powell, R . W . Clough, and A . N . Gantayat, " S t r e s s A n a l y s i s o f B16.9 Tees by t h e F i n i t e Element Method," A S M E Paper 71-PVP-40, American S o c i e t y o f Mechanical E n g i n e e r s , N e w York, May 1971.

8. J . K . Hayes and B. R o b e r t s , "Experimental S t r e s s Analysis o f 24-Inch Tees," A S M E Paper 71-PVP-28, American S o c i e t y o f Mechanical Engineers, New York, May 1971.
9. J . M . Corum e t a l . , "Experimental and F i n i t e Element S t r e s s A n a l y s i s o f a T h i n - S h e l l C y l i n d e r - t o - C y l i n d e r Model," A S M E Paper 71-PVP-36, American S o c i e t y o f Mechanical Engineers, New York, May 1971.
W . L . G r e e n s t r e e t , S . E . Moore, and J . P . C a l l a h a n , - S e c o n d AnnuaZ Progress Report on S t u d i e s in Applied S o l i d Mechanics (Nuclear S a f e t y ) , ORNL-4693 ( J u l y 1971).

10.

11.

J . M. Corum and W . L . G r e e n s t r e e t , "Experimental E l a s t i c S t r e s s A n a l y s i s of C y l i n d e r - t o - C y l i n d e r S h e l l Models and Comparisons w i t h T h e o r e t i c a l P r e d i c t i o n s , ' ' Paper No. G2/5, F i r s t I n t e r n a t i o n a l Conference on S t r u c t u r a l Mechanics i n Reactor Technology, B e r l i n , Germany, S e p t . 20-24, 1971.
R . W . Clough, G . H. Powell, and A . N . Gantayat, " S t r e s s A n a l y s i s o f B16.9 Tees by t h e F i n i t e Element Method," Paper No. F4/7, F i r s t I n t e r n a t i o n a l Conference on S t r u c t u r a l Mechanics i n Reactor Technology, B e r l i n , Germany, S e p t . 20-24, 1971.

12.

13.

R . L . Johnson, Photoelastic Determination o f S t r e s s e s i n ASA B16.9 Tees, Research Report 71-9E7-PHOTO-R2, Westinghouse Research Laboratory (November 1971).
E . C . Rodabaugh and S. E . Moore, Phase Report No. 115-10 on Comparisons o f T e s t Data w i t h Code Methods for Fatigue Evaluations,

14.

ORNL-TM-3520 (November 1971).

15.

W . G . Dodge and S. E . Moore, S t r e s s I n d i c e s and F l e x i b i l i t y Factors f o r Moment Loadings on Elbows and Curved Pipe, ORNL-TM-3658 (March 1972). J . E . Brock, E l a s t i c Buckling of Heated, Straight-Line Piping Conf i g u r a t i o n s , ORNL-TM-3607 (March 1972). J . M . Corum e t a l . , Theoretical and E x p e r h e n t a l S t r e s s Analysis o f ORNL Thin-She22 Cy Iinder-to-Cy Zinder Model No. I , ORNL-4553 (October 1972). W. G . Dodge and J . E . Smith, A Diagnostic Procedure for t h e Evaluation of S t r a i n Data from a Linear E l a s t i c T e s t , ORNL-TM-3415 (November 1972).

16.
17.

18.

vi i
19. W. G. Dodge and S. E, Moore, "Stress Indices and Flexibility Factors f o r Moment Loadings on Elbows and Curved Pipe," Welding Research Council B u l l e t i n 179, December 1972.

20. W. L. Greenstreet, S. E. Moore, and J. P. Callahan, Third Annua% Progress Report on S t u d i e s i n Applied Solid Mechanics (fluclear S a f e k y ) , ORNL-4821 (December 1972). 21. W. G. Dodge and S. E. Moore, ELBQW: A Fortran Program f o r t h e Calculation of S t r e s s e s , S t r e s s Indices, and F l e x i b i l i t y Factors for Elbows and Curved Pipe, ORNL-TM-4098 (April 1973). 22 * 23.

W. G. Dodge, Secondary S t r e s s Indices f o r Integral Structural Attachments t o S t r a i g h t Pipe, ORNL-24-3476 (June 1973). A l s o in Welding Research Council BuZletin 198, September 1974. E. C. Rodabaugh, W. G. Dodge, and S. E. Moore, S t r e s s Indices a t Lug Supports on Piping Systems, OKNL-'TM-4211 (May 1974). Also in Welding Research Council B u l l e t i n 198, September 1974.

24. W. L. Greenstreet, S. E. Moore, and J. P. Callahan, Fourth Annual Progress Report on S t u d i e s i n Applied S o l i d Mechanics (Pressure V e s s e l s and Piping System Components), ORNL-4925 (July 1974). 25. G. H. Powell, F i n i t e Element Analysis of E l a s t i c - P l a s t i c Tee Joints, ORNL-Sub-3193-2 (UC-SESM 74-14), College of Engineering, University of California, Berkeley (September 1974). 26. R. C. Gwaltney, CURT-11 - A Computer Program f o r Analyzing Curved Tubes or Elbows and Attached Pipes w i t h Symmetric and Unsyrrunetric Loadings, ORNL-TM-4646 (October 1974) . 27.
28.

E. C. Rodabaugh and S. E. Moore, S t r e s s Indices and F l e x i b i l i t y Factors f o r Concentric Reducers, ORNL-TM-3795 (February 1975).
D. R. Henley, T e s t Report on Experimental S t r e s s Analysis of a 24 Inch Diameter Tee (ORNL T - 1 3 ) , ORNL-Sub-3310-3 (CENC 1189 , C o m bustion Engineering, Inc. (March 1975).

29.

D. R. Henley, T e s t Report on Experimental S t r e s s Analysis o f a 24 Inch D i m e t e r Tee (ORNL T-12), ORNL-Sub-3310-4 (CENC 1237 , Combustion Engineering, Inc. (April 1975). D. R. Henley, T e s t Report on Experimental S t r e s s Analysis of a 24 Inch Diameter Tee (ORNL T - 2 6 ) , ORNL-Sub-3310-5 (CENC 1239), Combustion Engineering, Inc. (June 1975).

30.

31. R. C. Gwaltney, S. E. Bolt, and J. W . Bryson, Theoretical and Experimental S t r e s s Analysis of ORNL Thin-Shell Cylinder-to-CyZinder Model 4 , ORNL-5019 (June 1975).

viii
32.
R . C. Gwaltney, S . E . B o l t , J . M. Corm, and J . W . Bryson, Theoretical and Experimental S t r e s s Analysis of ORNL Thin-Shell Cplinder-to-Cylinder Model 3, ORNL-5020 (June 1975) .

33.
34.

E. C . Rodabaugh and S . E . Moore, S t r e s s Indices for ANSI B16.11 Standard Socket- W e l d i n g F i t t i n g s , ORNL-TM-4929 (August 1975) .
R . C . Gwaltney, J . W . Bryson, and S . E . B o l t , Experimental and Finite-Element Analysis o f ORNL Thin-Shell Model No. 2, ORNL5021 (October 1975).

1.

INTRODUCTION

Purpose and Scope bolted flange connections with ring-type gaskets based on a stress The ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Codel gives rules for designing

analysis developed by Waters et a1.2 These rules give formulas and

ring. The Code rules, however, do not require that stresses due to cusses such stresses.

graphs for calculating stresses due to a moment applied to the flange internal pressure be taken into account, although Ref. 2 briefly disThe computer program FLANGE was written to calculate not only the

stresses due to moment loads on the flange ring but also stresses due to hub and ring; and stresses due to the variations in bolt load that internal pressure; stresses due to a temperature difference between the

result from pressure, hub-ring temperature gradient, and/or bolt-ring

differential equations for thin plates and shells rather than on the strain-energy method used by Waters et al.2 loading calculated by the two methods are essentially identical for

hub, straight, and blind flanges. The analysis method is based on the The stresses due to moment

temperature difference. The program FLANGE is applicable to tapered-

ditions than those used in Ref. 2 .

of this chapter.

cludes a different, and perhaps more realistic, set of boundary con-

identical boundary conditions. The analysis provided herein also in-

The nomenclature used in this r e p o r t is identified in the remainder In Chapter 2 a description of the general model of

provided.

flanges used in the theoretical development of the computer code is

Chapters 3 , 4, and 5 for tapered-hub, straight hub, and blind flanges, respectively. In Chapters 6 and 7, these expressions are extended to include the effects of thermal gradients and variations in bolt loads.

and displacements due to moment and pressure loads are derived in

The actual mathematical expressions for calculating stresses

The computer program FLANGE is described in the last chapter of this and its subroutines are included as appendices.

report. Example calculations, listings, and flowcharts of the program

2
Nomenc 1a t u r e a = o u t s i d e r a d i u s of r i n g

%
B

A = 2a = o u t s i d e d i a m e t e r of r i n g
=

cross-sectional bolt area

= gasket area g b = i n s i d e r a d i u s of r i n g and mean r a d i u s of p i p e

=

2b = i n s i d e d i a m e t e r of r i n g

= Bessel f u n c t i o n o f rl n c = bolt-circle radius

C = 2c = b o l t - c i r c l e diameter

C. = constant o f i n t e g r a t i o n
C!
1

D = ~ t 3 / 1 2 ( 1- ~ 2 )

= C./b
I

'ij
E E

= c o n s t a n t s of i n t e g r a t i o n ( b l i n d - f l a n g e a n a l y s i s )

E = E

= modulus o f e l a s t i c i t y of b o l t m a t e r i a l
= modulus o f e l a s t i c i t y o f g a s k e t
=

= modulus of e l a s t i c i t y o f f l a n g e material

6 f

material

ASME Code d e s i g n parameter

F = ASME Code d e s i g n parameter

go = w a l l t h i c k n e s s of p i p e gl = wall t h i c k n e s s of hub a t i n t e r s e c t i o n w i t h r i n g
g
G
= =

gasket centerline radius

2g = g a s k e t c e n t e r l i n e diameter

h = l e n g t h of t a p e r e d - w a l l hub
K = a / b = A/B
R O = b o l t length

M = t o t a l moment a p p l i e d t o r i n g , i n . - l b M . o r M . . = moment r e s u l t a n t s , i n . - l b / i n .

p = internal pressure
P. = shear resultants, lb/in.
1

11

p* =

- ( v / 2 ) Ibp = nondimensional p r e s s u r e parameter

g0E

= r a d i a l coordinate, ring

t = ring thickness
tX

u, = radial displacement, pipe u

u = radial displacement, hub

hub thickness

vo

r V w

= ASME = = =

radial displacement, ring

undeformed gasket thickness axial displacement, ring initial bolt load, lb

Code design parameter

W,

W,

=
= =

x1
0,

residual bolt load, lb axial coordinate, hub axial coordinate, pipe

= (g1

= [3(1

y = [ 1 2 ( 1 - v2)/b2gi] 1/4(h) = dimensional parameter used in the analysis

h =
1

- v2)/b2g:l1j4

g o ) / g o = p - 1 = nondimensional wall-thickness parameter

=

dimensional parameter used in the analysis

6 . = axial displacement of ring

=
= =

temperature difference between hub/pipe and ring

b '
E

coefficient of thermal expansion, bolt material

coefficient of thermal expansion, flange material

n
5

= 2~(4J/a)~ = /nondimensional ~ = =

coefficient of thermal expansion, gasket material Poisson's ratio (0.3 used herein)
=

argument of the modified Bessel functions

x/h

nondimensional distance parameter

p =

g,/g,

o = stress, with subscripts:

= nondimensional wall-thickness parameter

t = tangential (ring)

c = circumferential (pipe or hub)

R = longitudinal (pipe o r hub)

r = radial (ring)
= =

o = outside surface of the pipe or hub on the hub side of ring

membrane

bending

4J

=
+

inside surface of the pipe or hub on the gasket-face side of ring (l/a)
=

nondimensional parameter

4 2. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE ANALYSIS

Fig. 1. The three parts involved are the pipe, hub, and ring, respectively. The analysis presented here is based on the theory of thin

The model used for the analysis of tapered-hub flanges is shown in

plates and shells. The pipe is considered to be a uniform-wall-thickness cylindrical shell with midsurface radius b. radius b. a linearly variable-wall-thicknesscylindrical shell with midsurface stant thickness t, inside radius b y and outside radius a. The hub is considered to be

The ring is considered to be a flat annular plate with con-

of the bolt holes are neglected.

The effects

Three different types of loadings on bolted flanges are considered: 1. Bolt load, represented by W in Fig. 1.
=

moment M applied to the flange ring is converted into an equivalent bolt in the ASME Code calculation meth0d.l
2.
3.

In application, the

load by the relationship W ( a - b)

M. This is the same approach used

and axially on an (assumed remote) end closure on the pipe.

Internal pressure, acting radially on the pipe, hub, and ring

pipe and the hub are assumed to be at the same uniform temperature. The different from that of the pipe o r hub. ring is also assumed to b e at a uniform temperature, which may be

A temperature difference between the pipe and the ring. The

algebraic equations in terms of dimensions, materials properties and

Upon integration of the shell and plate differential equations,

These constants are evaluated by the usual discontinuity analysis method boundaries. After numerical values are determined for the constants,

loadings, and 12 integration constants are obtained, 4 for each part.

of writing continuity equations at the junctures of the parts and at the

deflections. In the development of the equations for stresses, the

the algebraic equations provide the means for computing the stresses and assumption is made that the bolt load W does not change with pressure or a function of these loadings. Because the relations are linear, it is

temperature. Later the analysis is modified to include changes in W as

possible to determine the stresses ( o r stress range) due to combinations

ORNL- DWG 7 5 - 4299

-cry

-90
---tu4

PIPE

Ar W
0
f

t
ur

used for straight-hub flanges is a simplification of the tapered-hub case in that only two parts are involved, the pipe and the ring.

of initial bolt loading, pressure, and temperature change. The model

results at points of abrupt thickness change or meridional direction

In common with all shell-type analyses, the analysis gives anomalous

are not determined by the theory. Displacements, however, are represented fairly accurately.

ring represent only the gross loading effect; detailed local stresses

change. In particular, the stresses at the juncture of the hub to the

3.

FLANGE WITH A TAPERED-WALL HUB

basic shell/plate equations for the ring, the hub, and the pipe. late the stresses and displacements.

The first step in deriving the stress equations is to state the We

then inspect the boundary conditions, compute the constants, and calcu-

Equations for the Annular Ring plate given by Timoshenko3 is The basic differential equation for the displacement w of a circular

where the coordinate r and displacement w are illustrated in Fig. 1 and

=

Equation (1) can be integrated to give a relation for the displacement in terms of arbitrary constants:

the flange material, t

u2) = the flexural rigidity of the plate, E = modulus of elasticity of

=

a uniformly distributed lateral load on the plate, D plate thickness, and u

=

Et3/12(l

Poissons ratio.

where numerical values for the constants C7, analysis, are: dw -_ dr

-

...,

from boundary conditions. Derivatives of w, required i n the subsequent

C10 are established

C7(2r in r

r)

2C8r +

c9

r3q + r 16D

(3)

d2w -dr2

C7(2 Rn r

3) + 2C8 -

cg

3r2q + -, r2 16D

(4)

and
d3w -

dr

- c7

i t ) +2C g + 3rq L r
r3

8~

In t h e subsequent a n a l y s i s t h e d i s t r i b u t e d load q i s t a k e n as z e r o . The r a d i a l and t a n g e n t i a l moments a r e g i v e n 3 by t h e e q u a t i o n s :

M
and

=-D

d2w
~

v d w - I

dr2

r dr)

Using Eqs. (3) and ( 4 ) , t h e s e moments can b e expressed as C7[2(1 + v ) R n r + (3 + v ) ] + C 8 [ 2 ( l + v ) ]

and C7[2(l + v ) R n r
+

(1

+ 3v)l

+ C8[2(l + v ) ]

Eauations f o r t h e TaDered Hub The b a s i c d i f f e r e n t i a l e q u a t i o n f o r t h e r a d i a l displacement u of a c y l i n d r i c a l s h e l l with a l i n e a r l y v a r i a b l e wall t h i c k n e s s t Timoshenko3 as

X

i s g i v e n by

The solution of Eq. (10) can be shown* to be: u=- b

bP*

$1/2

(Clbl

+ C2b2 +

C3b3

C4b4) +

1 + a<

>

where P*

= [l

quent analysis, are

- (v/2)]bp/goE.

Derivatives of u, required in the subse-

+
and

h2(1 + aE)3

2ba2P*

(13)

The bn 's used in Eqs. (11) through (14) are modified Bessel functi0r.s defined in Table 1, which gives equations f o r of argument n = 2y ($/a) n
=

1 through 20; $, a, and 5 are defined in the nomenclature.

A solution to an equation that is essentially the same as Eq. (10) is given by Timoshenko,3 who credits the original solution to G. Kirchoff in 1879.

10

T a b l e 1.

Modified Bessel f u n c t i o n s of argument

na

b3

ker'

b4 = k e i ' b5 = b6 = b7 =

n
r)
r)

-n

bei

- 2 ber' n
2 bei'
Q

ber kei

-n

n n
-

2 ker' q 2 k e i ' rl

b8 = rl k e r

bg = 4n b e i rl b l o = -4n b e r b l l = 4n k e i b12 = -40 k e r b13 = - q 3 b e r b14 = - n 3 b e i b15 = - n 3 k e r b16 = - q 3 k e i b17 = - n b e r b18 = b1q = b20 =
-1

8 b e r ' rl +

n2
+

bei'

r)

8 bei'

n2 n2
-

ber'
0

n
n

+ +

8 ker'
8 kei'

n n
n
IT

q2 k e i '

kerf

r)

n
n

24n b e i
24n b e r

4 8 b e r ' q + 8n2 b e i ' 48 bei' 48 k e r '

n -

n
n

2411 k e i 24n k e r
r)

n - 8n2 b e r '

17

+ 8q2 k e i ' 17

n
-

n -

4 8 k e i ' q - 8q2 k e r f q

+ 2 beif

bei ker kei

n n

2 ber'

rl

-n -n

+ 2 kei'

n n

n -

2 ker'

11 Equations for the Pipe cylindrical shell with uniform wall thickness is: The basic differential equation for the radial displacement u1 of a

The solution of Eq. (15) is:

Derivatives of u1 needed in the subsequent analysis are

For large negative values of x1, u1

= bP*.

Hence, C11

C1,

= 0.

and

Boundary Conditions

C2,

...,

The equations listed above involve ten unknown constants: C1,

C l o . These can be determined from the ten boundary-condition

12

e q u a t i o n s shown i n Table 2 [Eq. ( 2 0 ) ] . h u b - t o - r i n g j u n c t u r e i s zero.

The ASME Code s t r e s s - c a l c u l a t i o n

method' i s based on t h e assumption t h a t t h e r a d i a l displacement a t t h e

A more r e a l i s t i c assumption ( p a r t i c u l a r l y

f o r i n t e r n a l p r e s s u r e loading) i s t h a t t h e displacement o f t h e hub e q u a l s t h e displacement of t h e s u r f a c e of t h e r i n g where i t j o i n s t h e hub. Boundary-condition e q u a t i o n s f o r b o t h of t h e s e a l t e r n a t i v e s a r e [See Eqs. ( 2 0 - S ) . ] In E q . (20-5b) a p o s i t i v e provided i n Table 2 . a d j a c e n t t o t h e hub.

dwjdr g i v e s a n e g a t i v e r a d i a l displacement a t t h e s u r f a c e of t h e r i n g t h e r i n g due t o i n t e r n a l p r e s s u r e as g i v e n by Lame's e q u a t i o n : u b I-(1 + v ) k 2 + (1 - v ) l = - I ! k2 - 1 E L

Also i n Eq. (20-5b), ur i s t h e r a d i a l expansion of

,'

where k = a / b .

In t h i s e x p r e s s i o n , i t i s assumed t h a t i n a d d i t i o n t o

around t h e i n n e r edge of t h e r i n g .

i n t e r n a l p r e s s u r e p , t h e s h e a r r e s u l t a n t P I i s uniformly d i s t r i b u t e d

Boundary Equations When t h e e q u a t i o n s i n Table 2 a r e s a t i s f i e d s i m u l t a n e o u s l y , t h e y e s t a b l i s h t h e v a l u e s of t h e t e n c o n s t a n t s (C', C 2 , internal pressure p).

...,

Clo) i n terms of

t h e dimensions, P o i s s o n ' s r a t i o , and t h e l o a d s ( t o t a l b o l t l o a d W and After a l g e b r a i c manipulation, t h e equations are T h i s t a b l e p r o v i d e s t h e elements reduced t o t h e forms shown i n Table 3 .

f o r t h e m a t r i x e q u a t i o n [A]]CI + I B I = 0 , where t h e terms i n t h e c o e f f i c i e n t m a t r i x [A] a r e g i v e n under t h e headings of t h e corresponding c o n s t a n t s i n t h e cGlumn m a t r i x I C ( . t h e column m a t r i x noted.
1.

IB I .

The l o a d i n g p a r a m e t e r s c o n s t i t u t e

To d e r i v e numerical v a l u e s f o r t h e c o n s t a n t s , t h r e e items should b e

I t i s convenient t o d e f i n e two new c o n s t a n t s , C;
C k = C,/b.
= C5/b and

2.

The r a d i a l expansion of t h e r i n g u

i s d e f i n e d i n Eq. ( 2 1 ) .

13

4-1

a4 fd
M
.rl

a ,

P
-0

-7
0

c u
c
u

a ,

u
k

a ,

m
. I

a ,

v.

c
.d

e
.ri

rn

-0 0

.rl

5 5

.d

c
3 5 k

Lo

a ,

n
i

v N v N

0 0

I I

N
n
Er)

a
.d

c
v

ci

a,

+J

a ,
4-l 0

0 0
n
L . 2

x
3

'L

0 II

I1

a
x
3

x
- 3

c rn
v

a ,

3
I1

c
0 I1
h

u
0 II 0 I1

a ,

r:
u
v

rn
v

. i

m a

vi

c
0

T a b l e 3.

M a t r i x c o e f f l c i e n t s o f t h e discontinuity e q u a t i o n s U f o r a f l a n g e w l t h a t a p e r e d - w a l l hub
Load~ ng
.___

(20-2)

b :

(20-7)d

h i + Usb;,

biO

Usbix

bil

Usbig

biz

ush&

u,[2(1 (3
+

V)

en h

U6[2(1

v)]

-U6

2
h-

8qt/2P'/~

(20-8) (20-9)

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0
0

bz i n b
2 ( 1 - v ) an a
+

b2
2 ~ + 1 v)

Yn h
-(I - ")/a2

1.0

(3

(20-10)

1.0

3 ( 1 - v'IM - 2 n i t 3 ( a - h)

5 h e s e e q u a t i o n s a r e i n t h e form [ A ] ( C I t h e column m a t r i x o f l o a d i n g p a r a m e t e r s .

IBI = 0 , where [A] i s t h e c o e f f i c l e n t m a t r i x , IC1 i s t h e column m a t r l x o f unknown c o n s t a n t s , and / B 1 i s

15
3.

The ASME Code s t r e s s - c a l c u l a t i o n method u s e s a moment M , a p p l i e d t o t h e f l a n g e r i n g , r a t h e r t h a n a b o l t load W , where t h e c o r r e l a t i o n between M and W i s M = W(a - b ) . a n a l y s i s , however, E q . loading parameter M , r a t h e r than W . Stresses In t h e p r e s e n t
(20-10) from Table 2 i s used w i t h t h e

A f t e r having s o l v e d t h e s e t of e q u a t i o n s i n Table 3 f o r t h e cons t a n t s C1, structure,

...,

C l o , t h e s t r e s s e s can be o b t a i n e d anywhere i n t h e

The e q u a t i o n s f o r t h e s e s t r e s s e s , used i n o t h e r r e p o r t s 4 y 5 f o r t h e same

i n t h i s s e r i e s , are g i v e n i n Table 4 [Eqs. ( 2 2 ) - ( 4 5 ) ]

l o c a t i o n s as t h o s e g i v e n by t h e ASME Code s t r e s s - c a l c u l a t i o n method; t h e s e a r e (1) a t t h e hub-to-pipe j u n c t u r e , ( 2 ) i n t h e hub a t t h e hub-tor i n g j u n c t u r e , and ( 3 ) a t t h e i n s i d e edge of t h e r i n g (r = b ) .

D i sp 1acement s

I n Chapter 7 t h e displacements w of t h e f l a n g e r i n g a r e used. e q u a t i o n s f o r t h e s e displacements (with w a r b i t r a r i l y s e t t o z e r o a t

The

r = b) a r e :

a t t h e g a s k e t c e n t e r l i n e r a d i u s , g = G / 2 ; and
wC = ~ 7 c 2 t n c + cgc2 + c g i n c
a t the bolt-circle radius, c = C/2.
+ c ~ O

(47)

16

A J /O

. .

\ D

u
0

u
3 ti
h
I

m
D

wl

n
-9 N

u
U

r .

2 5z 0

. .

0 C
Y

W 0

1 Y O 2

. .

N
h

u
3 w J

C 0

0 i

, a
N

w 3

Ex

a , a

C ar

1
L

D h

17

4.

FLANGE WITH A STRAIGHT HUB

with a straight hub was obtained by using the previously given basic integration to be established; the boundary-condition equations are

obtained by letting go = g l , this would result in indeterminate quantities in the computer program. Therefore, the direct solution to the ring equations for only the pipe and the ring. There are s i x constants of

Although the mathematical expressions for the straight hub can be

displayed in Table 5 [ E q . ( 4 8 ) ] .

are reduced to the matrix-equation form [A] IC[ + [ B I = 0, where the headings of the corresponding constants in the column matrix terms in the coefficient matrix [A] a r e given in Table 6 under the

After algebraic manipulation, the equations displayed in Table 5

Solving this set of equations for the six constants (C;, C i , C,, C,, C,, equations for the stresses in the pipe at the pipe-to-ring juncture and derived for the flange with a tapered hub (see Table 4). One can calculate the displacements w
C l o y identified in Table 6.

IC I .

and Clo) allows calculation of the stresses in the structure. The in the ring at the inner edge (r
=

b) are analogous to those previously

g

flange from Eqs. (46) and ( 4 7 ) , respectively, using the constants

C7,

and w

for a straight-hub

...,

Table 5. Equations for the boundary conditions for a straight-hub flange Hub-to-ring juncture Equation Di s p 1acements
(Ul)

Ring Eq. No.

(48-la) a '

=o = o

__ (W)r=b

Equation
=

Eq. No.
(48-4)'

Rotat ions Moments Shear along radius r a Radial displacements. 1 2

(48-2) Mr2 = 0 dMr - dr

Mt - Mr

Mrl = -Mho

+ -Pot

(48-3)

(48-5)

Q =

--21~r

(48-6)

lIFor an ASME-type calculation, Eq. (48-la) is used. e Axial displacements; ( w ) ~ = = ~ 0 is the reference point for all other axial displacements

dRadial moment at outside edge of ring (r

a).

19
a

3
I

P P

+ *

w D
0
0

0
0

c
0
d

D
0
0

3
0

0 0

L
. i

I-'

I-'

k
\
N

m
c M 3 0
N
v

c
.r(

Id
P
\

IA

u
\

3 r .
I

D
3

r.
0

00
v

e,
0

ru
Id
k
%
m

0 0
N I - '
I

a
00
N

n 0

CI
.rl

0
1

m K
1 3
N

c
N

1 3
0

I-'

rd
m
n

\
n v

+J
rr)

00

m o M
U
N

N
m

>
I

D
+

"
I o

n
C
N

"
n
!

+
N

M .
ol K

U
3

rd

0
ol

c
1 3
N

+
c
(

v
I

<
re
Q C
0
F i

c
.r

>

ri

i-

X I

m 3 m

I
I
d

3
+ I

N \

E-

n
F -

X
m m

3
0

w m m
4

+
m 3
f m
N

0
N

v 3

n
3 I

m
U

co

3 9

n
I

N
v

c o w

n
,

U
u

53

n
U
v

c0
3
2

co

20
5.

BLIND FLANGES

A n a l y s i s Method Blind f l a n g e s ( o r f l a t heads) a r e modeled as shown i n F i g . 2 . general equations f o r a circular f l a t p l a t e are:3 The

w = Dlr2 R n r

+ D2r2 + D3

R n r + D 4 + r4p/64D

(49)

d2w - - D1(2 Rn r
dr2

3) + D2(2) - D 3 / r 2 + 3r2p/16D ,

and

d3w - - D1(2/r)
dr

+ D3(2/r3) + 3rp/8D

.
( s e e F i g . 2) a r e g i v e n

The r a d i a l and t a n g e n t i a l moments Mr and Mt by

and

and t h e s h e a r i s g i v e n by dMr dr Mt - Mr

Q = - -

21
ORNL-DWG
75-4298

r = c TO u

Df1 D12 * D 1 3 * D,4

1

CONS TA N TS :

D21iD22~D237D24

D31' D 3 2 ' D 3 3 3 ' 3 4

Fig. 2 .

F l a t - p l a t e a n a l y s i s model of a b l i n d f l a n g e o r cover p l a t e .

The moments and s h e a r s , i n terms of t h e i n t e g r a t i o n c o n s t a n t s D 1 through

D , ,

are:

22
M
=

-D{D1[2(1

+ v) R n

(1

3v)l

D2[2(1

+ v)] + D3[(1

- v)/r2]}
(57)

- r2p/16(1 + 3v) ,
and

For a n a l y s i s , t h e p l a t e i s d i v i d e d i n t o t h r e e p a r t s as shown i n
Fig. 2. There a r e f o u r i n t e g r a t i o n c o n s t a n t s f o r each segment. The boundary-condition e q u a t i o n s used t o e v a l u a t e t h e s e c o n s t a n t s a r e shown i n Table 7. These boundary c o n d i t i o n s show t h a t 3 of t h e 1 2 c o n s t a n t s The s e t of simultaneous e q u a t i o n s t o be s o l v e d t o e s t a b l i s h Again, t h i s t a b l e p r e s e n t s

are zero.

t h e remaining 9 c o n s t a n t s i s shown i n Table 8.

t h e elements of t h e m a t r i x e q u a t i o n [A] IC1 + ( B I = 0 .

Table 7. Equation

Boundary c o n d i t i o n e q u a t i o n s u s e d f o r b l i n d - f l a n g e a n a l y s i s Boundary c o n d i t i o n

No.

2 n r Q = n r 2 p f o r a l l o f Part 1 .
( d w / d r ) I = 0 a t r = 0.

'This g i v e s D11 = 0.

T h i s g i v e s D 1 3 = 0.

(w),

= 0 at r = g

(dw/dr)

= (dw/dr)

at r

g
This gives

(Q)II

= (W/2nr)

- (ng2p/2ng) a t r = g .

D21 = W/8nD - g2p/8D.

(For p r e s s u r e l o a d i n g , W = ng'p;
6
( w ) = ~ 0 ~at r = g

h e n c e D21 = 0 . )

7
8
9

(M,)

I = (M,) I I a t r = g

(dw/dr)I = (dw/dr)II a t r = g

(Q)III
(MJII

= 0. =
=

T h i s g i v e s D31 = 0 . at
= c

10

11 12

(Mr)III

0 at r = a

(wIII = (wIIII a t r = c

Table 8 .

Boundary e q u a t i o n s

f o r a blind flange

Coefficients of D.. 11

No.
3

D12

D14

D2 1

D22

D23

D24

D32

D33

D34

Loading parameter g4p/64D -g 3p/ 16D -W/ 8~rD

0 - 3 . 3g2p/ 16D 0 0
0
N

g2

1.0
0
0 0 0

0
2g in g 1.0 g2 Rn g 2 . 6 Rn g
+
+

0
g 2g
0

0
l/g
0 in g

0 0 0
1.0
0

0
0

0
0 0 0 0 0

4
5

- 2g
0

0
0 0

0
0

6
7

g2
3.3

-2.6
0

2.6 2c 2.6
0
C2

-0.7/g2
l/c

0
- 2c

8
10

0
0

2c R n c + c 2.6 R n c + 3.3
0

0
0 0

-l/c
0 . 7/c2

0
0 0

-0.7/c2
0

-2.6 2.6
-C2

0
0 -1.0

11

0 0

-0.7 / a 2
-Rn c

12

c2 R n c

Rn c

1.0

0
IC1 is the

These e q u a t i o n s a r e i n t h e form [A] I C [ +

1 BI

= 0 , where [A]

i s t h e coefficient matrix,

column m a t r i x of unknown c o n s t a n t s , and I B / i s t h e column m a t r i x of l o a d i n g p a r a m e t e r s . bBoundary c o n d i t i o n number from T a b l e 4.

24 Stresses A f t e r having e s t a b l i s h e d v a l u e s f o r t h e i n t e g r a t i o n c o n s t a n t s , t h e s t r e s s e s a t any p o i n t i n t h e b l i n d f l a n g e can be r e a d i l y o b t a i n e d . Equations f o r s t r e s s e s a t t h e c e n t e r of t h e f l a n g e and a t r = g and

r = c a r e g i v e n by
0

t = _+6M t / t 2 = IEtMt/[2(1 - v 2 > ] D

(5931

and
0

= i 6 M / t 2 = IEtMr/[2(1 - w 2 ) ] D

A t t h e c e n t e r of t h e f l a n g e (r = 0 ) ,

= M

= -DID,2[2(1

v)]>

A t t h e gasket ( r = g),

M and

= -D{D,2[2(1

+ v)]

+ g2p(3 + v ) / 1 6 D }

A t the bolt c i r c l e (r = c ) ,

and

I n a l l of t h e above, a p o s i t i v e moment produces a t e n s i l e s t r e s s on t h e back o f t h e f l a n g e ( p o s i t i v e w s i d e of F i g . 2 ) .

25 D is p 1a c e me n t s

I n t h e t h i r d and s i x t h boundary c o n d i t i o n s l i s t e d i n Table 7 , t h e a x i a l displacement a t t h e g a s k e t has been a r b i t r a r i l y s e t equal t o z e r o . The r e l a t i v e displacement of t h e b o l t c i r c l e t o t h e g a s k e t i s t h e r e f o r e

wC

D32c2

+ D33 R n

+ D34

(65)

26
6.

THERMAL GRADIENTS (1) a

Two k i n d s of thermal g r a d i e n t s are i n c l u d e d i n t h e a n a l y s i s :

c o n s t a n t t e m p e r a t u r e i n t h e p i p e and hub t h a t may be d i f f e r e n t from t h e assumed c o n s t a n t t e m p e r a t u r e i n t h e r i n g and ( 2 ) a c o n s t a n t t e m p e r a t u r e i n t h e b o l t s t h a t may be d i f f e r e n t from t h e assumed c o n s t a n t t e m p e r a t u r e i n the ring. The s i g n i f i c a n c e o f t h e b o l t - t o - r i n g thermal g r a d i e n t s i s dependent upon t h e dimensional and m a t e r i a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of t h e f l a n g e d j o i n t and i s covered l a t e r i n Chapter 7 . The p i p e / h u b - t o - r i n g Table 3 . ring. temperature g r a d i e n t i s included i n t h e a n a l y s i s by an a p p r o p r i a t e change i n t h e " l o a d i n g parameters" shown i n W e d e f i n e A as t h e d i f f e r e n c e i n t e m p e r a t u r e between t h e pipe/hub and t h e r i n g ; A i s p o s i t i v e i f t h e pipe/hub i s h o t t e r t h a n t h e The r a d i a l expansion o f t h e t a p e r e d hub a t i t s j u n c t u r e w i t h t h e r i n g i s then:

where b i s t h e p i p e r a d i u s ; b! terms are t h e Bessel f u n c t i o n s d e f i n e d i n Table 1 e v a l u a t e d a t x = h , n = 2yp1/'/a,

T a b l e 3 ; and
1

i s t h e c o e f f i c i e n t of thermal expansion of t h e f l a n g e

as i n d i c a t e d i n f o o t n o t e e of

material.
The e f f e c t s of such a thermal g r a d i e n t a r e t a k e n i n t o account by adding (*/b) (bE A ) t o t h e e x i s t i n g terms i n t h e loading-parameter f column i n T a b l e 3 [Eqs. (20-Sa) and (20-Sb)]. The analogous term i s

a l r e a d y included i n Table 6.

27

7.

CHANGE I N BOLT LOAD WITH PRESSURE, TEMPERATURE, AND EXTERNAL MOMENTS

order to determine the residual bolt load in the joint, it is necessary to calculate the relative displacements of the parts when the joint is subjected to (1) initial bolt loading, ( 2 ) moment loading, ( 3 ) internal The object of the analysis is to determine the residual bolt load

A flanged joint is a statically indeterminate structure. Thus, in

4 ) thermal gradients. pressure, and (

W2 in terms of (1) the loadings W1, p,

temperatures Tb ' T g' (4) the material properties.

A , and A'; (2) the component Tf, and Ti; (3) the flanged-joint dimensions; and

their nomenclature, with additions as necessary. Reference 6 covers only the effect of initial bolt loading and part of the influence o f

The basic analysis is given by Wesstrom and BerghY6 and we follow

gradients is relatively simple and is covered below. The nomenclature used in this development is: inside diameter of ring
A = cross-sectional area of bolts or gasket

discussed by Rodabaugh.7 The extension of the analysis to cover thermal

internal pressure; the remaining influence from the internal pressure is

go = wall thickness of pipe G = gasket centerline diameter

p = internal pressure
R = bolt length

C E

=
=

modulus of elasticity

bolt-circle diameter

p* = equivalent pressure for external moment loading

q = elastic deformation coefficients

t = ring thickness
=

final-state temperature (initial-state temperature is defined as zero)

W = bolt load

gasket thickness

28

6 = relative axial displacement between the gasket centerline and

the bolt circle

A = temperature between hub/pipe and ring

The subscripts 0, 1, and 2 refer to the undeformed, initial deformed, the bolts, gasket, and flange, respectively. Quantities with a prime and final deformed states, respectively; subscripts b, g, and f refer to
(I)

coefficient of thermal expansion

of the right-hand flange in Fig. 3); quantities without a prime are for the other flange. Analysis dissimilar flanges and their mode of deformation. When the bolts are bolt length is
R1 =

are for one of the flanges in a pair (e.g., T; refers to the temperature

Figure 3 shows a schematic illustration of the general case of two

initially tightened to make up the joint, the resulting initial deformed

v1

+ tl +

t; - 6 , - 6 ;

ORNL- D W G 75- 4297

Fig. 3 . General case of two dissimilar flanges and their mode of deformation.

29

After application of loadings, the bolt length becomes

R2 = v2 + t2 + t; - 6, - 6;

The basic displacement relationship is thus

30

The e l a s t i c deformation c o e f f i c i e n t s qb l q g l qb2 and q

Eys. (70a--R) a r e f u r t h e r d e f i n e d a s

g2

in

qb2

-RO

VO

I n Eqs. (70a-R),

t h e term q f l i s a r o t a t i o n of t h e f l a n g e due t o a

u n i t moment l o a d , q i s a r o t a t i o n of t h e f l a n g e due t o a u n i t i n t e r n a l P p r e s s u r e ) and qt i s a r o t a t i o n of t h e f l a n g e due t o a u n i t t e m p e r a t u r e g r a d i e n t between t h e hub and t h e r i n g . The q u a n t i t i e s q f l , qp, and qt a r e o b t a i n e d from t h e f u n c t i o n a l e x p r e s s i o n

where hG = (C - G)/2, C i s t h e b o l t - c i r c l e d i a m e t e r , and G i s t h e g a s k e t c e n t e r l i n e diameter. t h e l o a d s A , P , and M. Values f o r t h e d i s p l a c e m e n t s wc(L) and w g (L) a r e o b t a i n e d from Eqs. (46) and (47) w i t h t h e a p p r o p r i a t e u n i t v a l u e s f o r

For q
condition. condition.

fl

t h e modulus o f e l a s t i c i t y used i s t h a t f o r t h e i n i t i a l

For q and q t h e moduli used a r e t h o s e f o r t h e f i n a l P t The term q f 2 i s o b t a i n e d from q f l and t h e r a t i o of t h e

i n i t i a l and f i n a l e l a s t i c moduli; t h u s :

31

The moments and l o a d s a r e d e f i n e d by Eqs. (73a-n).

The nomenclature

used i n t h e s e e q u a t i o n s i s analogous t o t h a t used i n t h e ASME C0de.l The symbol H r e p r e s e n t s a l o a d , h r e p r e s e n t s a l e v e r arm, and M r e p r e s e n t s a moment. The term

i s t h e h y d r o s t a t i c end f o r c e ( i n pounds) on

t h e a r e a i n s i d e t h e f l a n g e , HG i s t h e g a s k e t load i n pounds, HT i s t h e d i f f e r e n c e between t h e t o t a l h y d r o s t a t i c end f o r c e and t h e h y d r o s t a t i c end f o r c e on t h e a r e a i n s i d e t h e f l a n g e , h D i s t h e r a d i a l d i s t a n c e i n i n c h e s from t h e b o l t c i r c l e t o t h e c i r c l e on which HD a c t s ( a s p r e s c r i b e d i n Table UA-50 o f t h e Code), h

i s t h e r a d i a l d i s t a n c e i n inches G from t h e g a s k e t - l o a d r e a c t i o n t o t h e b o l t c i r c l e , and hT i s t h e r a d i a l

d i s t a n c e i n i n c h e s from t h e b o l t c i r c l e t o t h e c i r c l e on which HT a c t s Symbols, C , B , G , g o , and p a r e d e f i n e d (as p r e s c r i b e d i n Table UA-50). e a r l i e r i n t h i s chapter. Again, a s u b s c r i p t 1 r e f e r s t o t h e i n i t i a l deformed s t a t e , a s u b s c r i p t 2 r e f e r s t o t h e f i n a l deformed s t a t e , and primed q u a n t i t i e s r e f e r t o t h e mating f l a n g e .

hT = [C

(G

+
+

B)/2]/2 B1)/2]/2

, ,

(c)
(d) (e>
( f>

h+ = [C - (G

hG = ( C - G ) / 2
HD2 = 4 B2p
71

HT2

= - ( G 2 - B2)p

IT

(h 1

32

M 1 = Wi hG = HG Ih G '

(R)

M
and

2 = HD2hD + HT2hT + HG2 h G

'

(m)

Mi

H' D2 h D '

H+2h+ + HG2hG

(n)

S u b s t i t u t i n g Eqs. (70a--R)

i n t o Eq. (69) g i v e s

Tb~bLO + qb2W2 - qblW1 = T g E g v 0 - 'g2('2

'D2

- HT2)

I n o r d e r t o e l i m i n a t e M , and M 2 from Eq. ( 7 4 ) ' Eqs. (73L and m) a r e used; t h e s i x t h term on t h e r i g h t - h a n d s i d e of Eq. (74) t h e n becomes

The l a s t term i n Eq. (74) i s t r e a t e d s i m i l a r l y .

W,

C o l l e c t i n g terms c o n t a i n i n g

on t h e l e f t g i v e s :
2 hGqf2

(qb2

qg2

hG 2 9f ' 2 > w2 = (qbl

f f 0

qgl

+ hG 2 qfi"1 '

+ T E V + g g o

E + ~T ' E ' ~ ' - Tb E L f f o b o

qg2CHD2 + 3 2 )

33

and

Q,

qb2

qg2

h ~ q f 2 hGqi2
+

and using the given definitions of HD, H i , HT, and H,'

Q, w2 = w Q,

r'

Eq. (75) becomes

- (T

42

g g o + TfEftO

T'E't' f f o

T E R ) b b o

hG - (qp Q2

q')p - hG - (qtA

Q2

q;c')

(76)

conditions, it is necessary to compute the flange moment M 2 or Mi. From Eq. (73m) and the definitions in E q s . (73a-k),

In order to compute the flange stresses under the various loading

M,

7 4 P[B 2hD

( G 2 - B2)hT

- G2hG]

W2hG

And similarly for the mating flange,

Mi = t p

{(B'I2h;

[G2 - (B')2]h+

G2hG ] + W,hG

effects involved in bolt-load changes. The residual bolt load due to

The computer program was written to separately evaluate the various

34

temperature differences that produce differential axial strain is ' 2 a =W1+(T v + Q, g g o

1

T f E0 + ~ T f' f E ' ~ ' - T E R ) . f o b b 0

(78)

The residual bolt load, after internal pressure (acting in an axial on the attached pipes due to a shift in lever arms, is given by:

direction) has transferred the bolt load on the gasket to a tensile load

flangeis) and/or on the inside surface of a blind flange is given by:

lever arms and the radial effect of pressure acting on the integral

The total effect of internal pressure due to both the shift in the

The residual bolt load due to a temperature difference between the hub and the ring is given by:

nomenclature, then all* of Eqs. (7Oa-9,) are valid except Eqs. (70f and
9,)

blind flange. If we designate the blind flange as that with the "primed" for 6; and 6 ; .

A slight modification of the above is required for the case of a

*For v2 it should be noted that HD2 equation is valid for blind flanges.

HT2 = nG2p/4; hence, this

35

because the relationship M

For blind flanges, W is used rather than M as the loading parameter

=

analysis. For blind-flange analysis, E q . (65) gives a value of w . here -wC is the equivalent of -w
c
+

W(a - b) is not valid for the blind-flange w

g

blind-flange analysis. For blind flanges we define

in Eq. (72) because w

0 in the

C'

where (-w ) is the axial displacement per unit total bolt load W. c w equation for W2 for a blind flanged joint is then: W Ql =-W,
42

The

+-(TEV

42

+ T E t ~f f O

+T'E'~' - T E E ) f f o b b o

hG - (qp Q2

q'lp

- -

hG

Q2

" A

(83)

gasket to a tensile load on the attached pipe due to a shift in the used is

In E q . (83) the primed values refer to properties of the blind flange. After the internal pressure has transferred the bolt load on the

lever arms, the residual bolt load for the case where a blind flange is

to a blind flange.

It should be noted that q;A'

does not exist for an integral flange mated

computer program by calculating W2 from Eqs. (76) and (83).

The combined effect of all of the above is also obtained from the

36

E x t e r n a l Moment Loading Up t o t h i s p o i n t , a l l l o a d s c o n s i d e r e d have been axisymmetric. f l a n g e d j o i n t s i n p i p e l i n e s , t h e r e i s one o t h e r s i g n i f i c a n t l o a d i n g ; t h a t i s , t h e bending moment imposed on t h e f l a n g e d j o i n t by t h e a t t a c h e d pipe.
To d i s t i n g u i s h t h i s from t h e l o c a l moments a p p l i e d t o t h e f l a n g e

For

r i n g , t h e bending moment w i l l be d e s i g n a t e d a s an l l e x t e r n a l " moment. The e x t e r n a l moment can be r e p r e s e n t e d by a d i s t r i b u t e d a x i a l edge f o r c e a c t i n g on t h e a t t a c h e d p i p e :

F

M (e)

= F

COS

e , (e
= 0 a t t h e p o i n t of maximum

where 8 = a n g l e around t h e c i r c u m f e r e n c e

t e n s i l e s t r e s s i n t h e p i p e due t o t h e e x t e r n a l moment).

Since t h i s

r e p o r t d e a l s o n l y w i t h cases i n which a l l c o n t a c t o c c u r s w i t h i n t h e b o l t - h o l e c i r c l e , a r e a s o n a b l y good f i r s t approximation f o r t h e e f f e c t s o f t h e e x t e r n a l moment l o a d i n g can be o b t a i n e d by r e p l a c i n g t h e d i s tributed axial force F

F (max). Then, s i n c e F i s axisymmetric, t h e r e i s some p r e s s u r e p* t h a t M m w i l l produce t h e same a x i a l f o r c e i n t h e p i p e ; o r a l t e r n a t e l y , t h e r e i s

M ( e ) w i t h t h e axisymmetric t e n s i l e f o r c e Fm

an e q u i v a l e n t p r e s s u r e p* t h a t w i l l produce an a x i a l s t r e s s i n t h e p i p e which i s e q u a l t o t h e maximum t e n s i l e s t r e s s S produced by a n e x t e r n a l b moment. The r e l a t i o n between p* and Sb is g i v e n by

where S i s t h e bending s t r e s s i n t h e a t t a c h e d p i p e due t o t h e e x t e r n a l b moment. The change i n b o l t l o a d W i s t h e n o b t a i n e d by r e p l a c i n g p 2b w i t h p + p* i n Eqs. (79) and ( 8 4 ) . I t s h o u l d b e n o t e d t h a t t h i s e q u i v a l e n t p r e s s u r e i s i n c l u d e d o n l y i n Eqs. (79) and ( 8 4 ) and n o t i n E q .
(80)
*

37

8.

COMPUTER PROGRAM

A F o r t r a n computer program named FLANGE h a s been w r i t t e n t o c a r r y

o u t t h e c a l c u l a t i o n s according t o t h e analyses described i n t h i s r e p o r t . The program c a l c u l a t e s a p p r o p r i a t e l o a d s , s t r e s s e s , and d i s p l a c e m e n t s f o r t h e f l a n g e s , b o l t s , and g a s k e t s when t h e f l a n g e d j o i n t i s s u b j e c t e d t o i n t e r n a l p r e s s u r e , moment, and/or thermal g r a d i e n t l o a d i n g s ; t h u s , t h e program i s much more g e n e r a l t h a n t h a t needed o n l y t o d e t e r m i n e compliance w i t h t h e A S M E B o i l e r and P r e s s u r e Vessel Code. The program a l s o h a s t h e advantage o f i n t e r n a l l y computing t h e v a l u e s o f t h e Code v a r i a b l e s F , V , and f t h a t must o t h e r w i s e b e e x t r a c t e d manually from t h e c u r v e s g i v e n i n Code F i g s . UA-51.2, UA-51.3, and UA-51.6. computer program. The main f u n c t i o n o f t h i s c h a p t e r i s t o d e s c r i b e t h e i n p u t and o u t p u t f o r t h e v a r i o u s computational o p t i o n s a v a i l a b l e t o t h e u s e r . more d e t a i l e d i n f o r m a t i o n , t h e r e a d e r i s urged t o c a r e f u l l y s t u d y t h e examples g i v e n i n Appendix A where a f l a n g e d j o i n t , s e l e c t e d from API S t a n d a r d 605 (Ref. 8), i s a n a l y z e d . S e v e r a l sample problems a r e worked, Flowcharts and l i s t i n g s In the and t h e d a t a i n p u t and program o u t p u t a r e g i v e n f o r t h e v a r i o u s program o p t i o n s along w i t h a d i s c u s s i o n of t h e r e s u l t s . For Loose hubbed f l a n g e s , which a r e covered by t h e Code, however, a r e n o t covered by t h e

o f t h e program and i t s s u b r o u t i n e s a r e g i v e n i n Appendix B.

f o l l o w i n g s e c t i o n s , t h e i n p u t d a t a f o r o p t i o n c o n t r o l and t h e i n p u t d a t a and program o u t p u t f o r Code compliance c a l c u l a t i o n s and f o r more g e n e r a l c a l c u l a t i o n s are discussed. ODtion C o n t r o l Data Card The f i r s t c a r d o f each d a t a s e t , h e r e i n c a l l e d t h e o p t i o n c o n t r o l c a r d , c o n t a i n s c o n t r o l i n f o r m a t i o n f o r e x e c u t i o n o f t h e v a r i o u s program options. I t contains information specifying t h e type of f l a n g e being a n a l y z e d , t h e boundary c o n d i t i o n p l a c e d on t h e d i s p l a c e m e n t ( u ~ ) ~ = ~ , t h e s t r e s s e s and o t h e r v a r i a b l e s t o be c a l c u l a t e d , and t h e j o i n t conf i g u r a t i o n and which f l a n g e (of t h e p a i r ) i s t o be a n a l y z e d . These s p e c i f i c a t i o n s a r e under c o n t r o l of t h e f o u r v a r i a b l e s ITYPE, IBQ)ND,

38

ICgDE, and MATE. follows.

The a d m i s s i b l e v a l u e s and t h e i r s i g n i f i c a n c e a r e as

ITYPE ( i n d i c a t e s t h e t y p e of f l a n g e being analyzed)

1 f o r a tapered-hub f l a n g e 2 f o r a straight-hub flange
3 f o r a b l i n d hub

IBOND ( s p e c i f i e s t h e displacement u r a t x = h ) 0 for ( u ~ ) = ~ 0= t o ~ conform with t h e A S M E Code b a s i s

1 (see footnote)* 2 f o r (urIxzh

# 0 [ s e e Eq. ( 2 0 - 6 ) of t h i s r e p o r t ]

ICgDE ( c o n t r o l s t h e amount of o u t p u t d a t a )
0 f o r a wide v a r i e t y of s t r e s s e s , moments, and l o a d s f o r s p e c i f i e d

moment, p r e s s u r e , and AT
1 (see footnote)*

2 f o r a s e l e c t l i s t f o r checking Code compliance i n accordance

w i t h S e c t i o n V I I I , Div. 1 of t h e A S M E Code
MATE ( s p e c i f i e s t h e j o i n t c o n f i g u r a t i o n and t h e f l a n g e t o be analyzed)
1 f o r o n l y one f l a n g e t o be analyzed (This i s t h e s i t u a t i o n f o r

ASME-Code r e l a t e d c a l c u l a t i o n s . )
2 f o r two i d e n t i c a l f l a n g e s mated t o g e t h e r
3 f o r t h e f i r s t of two f l a n g e s t h a t a r e n o t i d e n t i c a l , n e i t h e r of

which i s a b l i n d f l a n g e
4
5

f o r t h e second of two f l a n g e s t h a t a r e n o t i d e n t i c a l , n e i t h e r o f which i s a b l i n d f l a n g e for a blind flange f o r a f l a n g e t h a t i s mated with a b l i n d f l a n g e .

The d a t a c a r d with t h e above i n f o r m a t i o n i s followed by o t h e r d a t a c a r d s c o n t a i n i n g p h y s i c a l - p r o p e r t y d a t a , e t c . , f o r t h e p a r t i c u l a r f l a n g e being analyzed. S i n c e t h e program can be used t o a n a l y z e any number of f l a n g e s

I n t h e o r i g i n a l conception of t h e program, IBgND and ICgDE were e n v i s i o n e d a s c o n t r o l l i n g a d d i t i o n a l c a l c u l a t i o n s t h a t were n o t implemented i n t h e p r e s e n t v e r s i o n . A s i t i s now w r i t t e n , t h e program does n o t d i s t i n g h i s h between v a l u e s of 0 o r 1 n o r between 2 and numbers g r e a t e r t h a n 2 f o r e i t h e r IBgND o r 1CQ)DE.

39

card.

the data card set for each flange must start with an option-control data Different types of flanges and different types of calculations have

or flanged joints sequentially (as done in the examples of Appendix A),

discussed in the following sections.

different input data requirements. These data and their formats are

Input for Code-Compliance Calculations at a time, the input data requirements for the computer program are Since the ASME Code calculation procedures consider only one flange

by the three data cards illustrated in Table 9. The nomenclature is the same as that used in the Code. The first card is the option control card discussed in the previous

quite simple and straightforward. Input data are completely prescribed

will always be 0, in which case the displacement u

pending on the type of flange being analyzed. The next variable IBgND

sections. The first variable ITYPE may be equal to 1, 2 , or 3 , de-

r will be equal to zero at x = h, as specified by the Code. The third variable ICgDE will always be 2 and will therefore cause the program to compute the stresses
flanges o r paragraph UG-34(~)(2) in accordance with Code paragraph UA-50 for straight or tapered-hub for blind flanges. The last variable

MATE will always be 1 for Code-compliance calculations. This variable program. formed . essentially controls the bolt-load-change calculations made by the determining compliance, when MATE
= 1

Since the ASME Code does not consider bolt-load changes in

these calculations are not per-

the outside and inside diameters of the flange ring A and B, the ring

the flange being analyzed, as shown in Table 9. These dimensions are

The second card in the data set enters the physical dimensions of

pressure is in pounds per square inch.

the internal pressure. All dimensions are expressed in inches; the

to-ring juncture g,, the hub length h, the bolt-circle diameter C, and

thickness t, the pipe-wall thickness go, the hub thickness at the hub-

l a h l e 9.

Input d a t a f o r ASME b o l t and f l a n g e s t r e s s c a l c u l a t i o n , u s i n g symbols d e f i n e d i n ASME Code, S e c t i o n V I I I , Division 1 , Appendix I 1 Option-Control Card (Read-in i n FLANGE)

Column number

0-10 Flange outer diameter

A

11-20 Flange inner diameter

B XB

21-30

31-40

41-50

51-60

61-70 Bolt - c i r c l e diameter

C

71-80

Quantity

Ring thickness
t

Pipe-wall thickness
g0

Hub thickness
g1

Hub length h
HL

Pressure P PRESS
F0

Variable

XA

TH

GO

G1

Column number

0-10

11-20 Minimum design seating stress

Y Y

21-30

31-40

41-50
A 1 lowable bolt stress a t design temperature b

51-60 Allowable b o l t stress a t atmospheric temperature a SA

61-70e

72d

73-80

Quantity

Gasket factor m
XM

Gasket outer diameter

GO

Gasket inner diameter

Gi GIN

Bolt cross-sectional area

%
AB

Option

Basic gasket seat width

Variable

G O U T

SB

INBO

BO

41

stress at design temperature S by temperature S the total cross-sectional area o f the bolts A an a' b' option-selecting variable I, and the basic gasket-seating width b . option variable I controls the calculation o f b and G.
0

the gasket Go, the inside diameter of the gasket G

factor m y the minimum-design seating stress y, the outside diameter of

The third card inputs other physical data, including the gasket

the allowable bolt i ' the allowable bolt stress at ambient The

Output for Code-Compliance Calculations For Code-compliance calculations, all of the output for each flange The program prints the input data followed by the

being analyzed is printed on a single page (e.g., see examples 1 and 2 of Appendix A). effective gasket seating width b0 and the loads, bolt stresses, and

moments identified under the headings shown in Table 10. For compliance with Code criteria, the value of SB1 must not exceed the allowable bolt allowable bolt stress at atmospheric* temperature. stress at design temperature, and the value of SB2 must not exceed the Immediately below, the program prints the flange stresses needed
=

two headings "ASME FLANGE STRESSES AT OPERATING MOMENT, MOP" and "ASME FLANGE STRESSES AT GASKET SEATING MOMENT." as follows:
2/3(SH)
=

hub flanges (ITYPE

for comparison with the ASME Code criteria. For tapered-hub and straight1 or 2), the program prints five stresses under the

The stresses are identified

two-thirds of the longitudinal stress on the outside surface at the small end of the hub,

(SH

(SR

ST)/2 = the average of SH and ST, and ST)/2 = the average of SR and ST.

SR

ST = the tangential stress on the hub side of the ring,

=

the radial stress on the hub side of the ring,

Although "ambient" would probably be a better term here, the word "atmospheric" is used as it is used in the Code.

42
T a b l e 10. ASME Code symbola Output d a t a i d e n t i f i c a t i o n , ICgDE = 2 , (ASME Code s t r e s s e s ) Des c r i p t iona See A S M E Code, T a b l e UA-49.2. (This w i l l be i n p u t d a t a f o r I = 2 . ) b ~G~p/4 2~bGmp -irG2p/4 + 21~bGmp Bolt s t r e s s , TbGy B o l t s t r e s s , Wm2/%
'mi/%

Program symbol
BO

W M 1 1

wM12

m '

WM1
SB1 WM 2 SB2 MOP

'm2

(e)
(d)

+ h%

~ h ~ + H

~ Except f o r ITYPE = 3 (B1 i n d flanges)

MG S

[(Am

A , ) S a / 2 ] x [ (C - G)/2]

M G S1

'rn2

x [(C - G ) / 2 1

Div. 1 ( 1 9 7 1 ) , Appendix 11.

aA l l symbols a r e d e f i n e d i n t h e ASME B o i l e r Code, S e c t i o n VIII,

e

bSee F o o t n o t e d of T a b l e 9 . MOP i s t h e o p e r a t i n g moment as d e f i n e d by t h e ASME Code. dMGS i s t h e g a s k e t s e a t i n g moment as d e f i n e d by t h e A S M E Code.

under the first heading must not exceed the allowable stress for the second heading must not exceed the allowable stress for the flange For blind flanges (ITYPE
=

For compliance with the Code Criteria, each of the above values printed flange material at the design temperature. The values printed under the

material at atmospheric temperature.

five quantities under the heading "ASME CODE STRESSES FOR BLIND FLANGE": SW1

3 ) , the program prints the following

SP

= =

the stress due to pressure loading only,

= the stress due to the bolt load Wml only, where W mi rG2p/4 + 2~rbGmp,

43

SOP

SW2

= =

SGS

the stress due to the bolt load Wm2, where Wm2 the stress at gasket-seating conditions.

the stress at operating conditions,

nbGy, and

For Code compliance, SOP must not exceed the allowable stress for the allowable stress at atmospheric temperature. flange material at design temperature, and SGS must not exceed the

Innut for General PurDose Calculations (i.e., when it is used for calculating displacements and stresses other When the computer program is used for general purpose calculations,

may select almost any combination of admissible values for the four

than those needed specifically for checking Code compliance), the user

variables ITYPE, I B g N D , ICPDE, and MATE coded in the option control data card. The only specific requirement is that the variable I C O E must be less than two for other than Code-compliance calculations. In this case

the input data are structured somewhat differently than those described in the previous section. When I C a D E
=

data cards a r e needed as shown in Table 11. These are the option-control physical-property data cards. When ICgDE
=

analyzed and the user does not wish to obtain bolt load changes), three

0 and MATE = 1, ( i . e . , only one flange is to be

card (for which ITYPE may be 1 , 2 , or 3 and TBgND may be 0 or 2) and two
0 and MATE = 2 , 3 ,

...

pair of flanges mated together and give bolt load changes.

mated together. The input data requirements include the data cards shown in Table 11 plus the three cards shown in Table 12. These last three cards contain data on the physical properties of the bolts and

If MATE = 2, the program performs the calculations f o r a pair of identical flanges

6, the program will analyze a

and other conditions. For this case, the six cards listed below complete the input data set when MATE = 2 .

gasket, supplemental data on the initial and final state of the flange,

T a b l e 11.

I n p u t d a t a f o r t h e g e n e r a l p u r p o s e a n a l y s i s of a s i n g l e f l a n g e and p a r t i a l d a t a f o r p a i r e d f l a n g e s [FgRMAT ( 4 1 5 ) r e a d - i n i n FLANGE]

Option-Control Card: Column number Variable Value

IC~DE

MATE'

1, 2 , o r 3

0 to 2

1 or (2)

Second Card: Column number

[FgRMAT ( 8 E 1 0 . 5 ) ; r e a d - i n i n TAPHUB, STHUB, o r BLIND] 31-40 Flange outer 41-50 51-60 61-70 71-80

F 1a n g e
inner

Quantity

Ring

Pipe-wall th i c k n e ss go

Hub thickness gl

Hub length h

Bolt-circle diameter

Pressure P PRESS

Variable T h i r d Card: Column number

GOa'

Glajb

HL',

[FgRMAT ( 5 E 1 0 . 5 ) ; r e a d - i n i n TAPHUB, STHUB, o r BLIND]

0-10
11-20 21-30 Thermal gradient p i p e o r hub t o ring A

31-40

41-50

Quantity

Moment applied t o flange ring

Coefficient of thermal expansion f

Modulus o f elasticity flange

Gasket centerline d i ame t er 2g

Var i a b 1e

XMOA~

E F ~

DELTA^

YM

% h e n ITYPE = 2 , GO m u s t b e e n t e r e d ; G 1 a n d HL a r e n o t u s e d . bWhen ITYPE = 3 , XB, G O , G 1 , HL, E F , a n d DELTA are n o t u s e d ; t h e v a l u e f o r XMOA i s t h e t o t a l b o l t l o a d W

When MATE = 2 , a d d i t i o n a l d a t a a s d e s c r i b e d i n T a b l e 1 2 a r e a l s o r e q u i r e d .

Table 1 2 . Card No. 4 o r 7 : a Column number

Last t h r e e i n p u t d a t a c a r d s f o r t h e g e n e r a l purpose a n a l y s i s o f p a i r e d f l a n g e s

[FORMAT (7E10.5); r e a d - i n i n FLGDW]

11-20

21-30 Bolt coefficient of thermal expansion

'b

31-40

41-50

51-60

61-70

Quantity

Nominal diameter

Initial state; b o l t modulus of e l a s t i c i t y

E
b

Final s t a t e ; bolt temperature

Tb

Out s i d e diameter of gasket

Inside diameter of gasket

Cross-sectional root area of a l l bolts

Card KO. 5 o r 8:' Column number

[FONIAT (6E10.5); r e a d - i n i n FLGDW] 0- 10 11-20 Initial state; gasket modulus o f elasticity E g

YG

21-30 Gasket coefficient o f thermal exp an s i o n

5

31-40

41 -50

51-60 Equivalent pressure s e e Eq. (86) of t e x t

Quantity

Gasket thickness
V

Final s t a t e ; gasket temperature

T

Variable

VO

EG

d T G

bolt length variable

FACEb

A free

P*

PBE

Column number

0-10 Initial bo1 t load

I

11-20 Final s t a t e temperature of f l a n g e , s i d e one

Tf2

21-30 Final s t a t e temperature of f l a n g e , s i d e two Ti2

T F P ~

31-40 Final s t a t e f l a n g e modulus of e l a s t i c i t y , s i d e one

Ef2

41-50

51-60 Final s t a t e b o l t modulus of e l a s t i c i t y Eb2

YB2

61-70 Final s t a t e gasket modulus o f elasticity E

YGZ

Quantity

Final s t a t e f l a n g e modulus of e l a s t i c i t y , s i d e two E ;2

YFP2

Variable

Wl

T F ~

YF2

a .

F i r s t c a r d number a p p l i e s when MATE = 2 ; second number a p p l i e s when MATE = 3 and 4 o r 5 and 6.

= TH + THP + VO +

bThe e f f e c t i v e b o l t load i s c a l c u l a t e d as L o = X L B
'Values
g . * > n'-initial-state temperatures a r e d e r l n e o as zero.

BSIZE + FACE.

f o r G I and A

a r e c a l c u l a t e d u s i n g i n p u t v a r i a b l e s XGO and XGI.

46

Card No.

Identification Option control card with MATE = 2 Data cards per Table 11

2l
3 6

Data cards per Table 12

blind ( i . e . , ITYPE = 1 or 2 # 3 on the option-control card).

for a pair of nonidentical flanges, neither of which, however, is

When ICgDE = 0 and MATE = 3 , the program performs the calculations Data for

MATE

the second flange in the pair will follow an option-control card with
=

the first flange of the pair follows the option-control card.

Data for

nonidentical flanges (neither of which is blind) consists of the following nine cards. Card No.

data requirements.

4. The three cards described in Table 12 will then complete the

The complete input data set for analyzing a pair of

Identification Option-control card, ITYPE # 3 , ICgDE

=

2l
3

0, MATE = 3

Data cards per Table 11 for first flange of pair Option-control card, ITYPE # 3, ICgDE
=

0, MATE = 4

Data cards per Table 11 for second flange of pair

Data cards per Table 12

for a flanged joint that is closed with a blind flange. For this option,

When IC@DE = 0 and MATE

5, the program performs the calculations

47

the blind flange is designated as the first flange and the mating flange set is completed by using the data cards described in Table 12. The is designated as the second with MATE
=

6. A s b e f o r e , the input data

cards.

complete input data set for this case consists of the following nine

Card No.
1
3

Identification Option-control card, ITYPE

= 3,

2l

1CP)DE

0, MATE

Data cards per Table 11 f o r blind flange Option-control card, ITYPE

=

1 or 2, ICgDE

0, MATE = 6

Data cards per Table 11 for second flange

"i

Data cards per Table 12

Output from General Purpose Calculations

When MATE = 1, the output consists of one page of printout, which gives only (the bolt load for blind flanges), pressure loading only, and
(1) the input data; ( 2 ) the three sets of stresses for moment loading

turn are determined by the value of the option-control variable MATE.

dominantly by the number and types of flanges being analyzed, which in

The amount and format of the data printed out are determined pre-

temperature-gradient (hub to ring) loading only (except for blind

The symbols used on the printout are explained in Tables 1 3 and 14.

flanges); and ( 3 ) the displacements produced by the calculated stresses. When MATE = 2, the output consists of three pages of printout. The

first page gives (1) the input data and (2) the parameters involved in the bolt-load-change calculations. The second page gives (1) the

moments.

loadings, (2) the residual bolt loads, and ( 3 ) the initial and residual The symbols used in the first and second page of printout are

explained in Tables 15 and 16. The third page gives the stresses and

48
T a b l e 13. Theory Symbol Output d a t a i d e n t i f i c a t i o n , s t r e s s e s , d i s p l a c e m e n t s , and r o t a t i o n Description S t r e s s , l o n g i t u d i n a l , small end of hub, outside surface S t r e s s l o n g i t u d i n a l , small end of hub, i n s i d e s u r f ace S t r e s s , c i r c u m f e r e n t i a l , small end of hub, outside surface S t r e s s , c i r c u m f e r e n t i a l , small end of hub, inside surface S t r e s s , l o n g i t u d i n a l , l a r g e end of hub, outside surface S t r e s s , l o n g i t u d i n a l , l a r g e end o f hub, i n s i d e surf ace S t r e s s , c i r c u m f e r e n t i a l , l a r g e end of hub, outside surface S t r e s s , c i r c u m f e r e n t i a l , l a r g e end of hub, inside surface S t r e s s , t a n g e n t i a l , hub s i d e o f r i n g , a t r = b S t r e s s , tangential, face s i d e of ring, a t r = b S t r e s s , r a d i a l , hub s i d e of r i n g , a t r = b S t r e s s , r a d i a l , f a c e s i d e of r i n g , a t r = b Axial displacement a t r = g Axial displacement a t r = c
-6

Program symbol SLSOQ

SLSP
SCSOa

sc sIU
s LLO
SLLI

SCLO SCL I STH STF SRH SRF

ZG

zc
QFHG
YO

(6 E 0 a t r = b)

+ 6 c g Radial d i s p l a c e m e n t , small end of hub

Y1

R a d i a l d i s p l a c e m e n t , l a r g e end o f hub R o t a t i o n of r i n g a t r = b
For b l i n d f l a n g e s

THETA

u u u
u

r r
t

r = o t r = g r = g r = c

SORT SGR SGT SCR SCT SAT

Stress, r =

0,

r a d i a l and t a n g e n t i a l

Stress, r = g radial Stress, r = g, tangential Stress, r = c, radial Stress, r = c, tangential Stress, r = a, tangential Axial displacement a t r = c ( 6
F 0

at, r = c
a
t

r = a

&C

zc

a t r = g)

aFor S t r a i g h t Hub Flange, t h e s e a r e a t j u n c t u r e of hub w i t h r i n g .

b A l l s t r e s s e s are f o r t h e s i d e of t h e f l a n g e o p p o s i t e t h e p r e s s u r e b e a r i n g s i d e . S t r e s s e s on t h e p r e s s u r i z e d s i d e o f t h e f l a n g e have reversed signs.

49

Table 1 4 . Theory symbol

flhG

Output d a t a i d e n t i f i c a t i o n when MATE = 2, 3 and 4 , o r 5 and 6 Description Axial displacement from C t o G , u n i t moment load Axial displacement from C t o G , u n i t p r e s s u r e load Axial displacement from C t o G , u n i t DELTA I n s i d e diameter

Program symbol
QFHG

qP 1hG
tlhG

QPHG
QTHG~

2b
GOa
t

P i p e wall t h i c k n e s s Ring t h i c k n e s s Modulus of e l a s t i c i t y of f l a n g e m a t e r i a l , i n i t i a l state Modulus of e l a s t i c i t y of f l a n g e m a t e r i a l , f i n a l state C o e f f i c i e n t of thermal expansion of f l a n g e materia1 The above n i n e symbols with a prime mark ( I ) on t h e t h e o r y symbols a r e f o r t h e mating f l a n g e . The program symbol has t h e added f i n a l l e t t e r rrp. 11

TH

E f1
Ef2

YM

YF2C

f
(

E F~
( >p

For b l i n d f l a n g e s , t h e s e v a l u e s a r e n o t s i g n i f i c a n t ; an a r t i f i c i a l v a l u e o f -1.0000 i s p r i n t e d o u t . bThese v a l u e s a r e i n p u t d a t a f o r f l a n g e s i d e one, i n p u t c a r d s 2 and 3 ( s e e Table 1 1 ) . For MATE = 2 , t h e s e v a l u e s , along with c a l c u l a t e d v g l u e s o f QFHG, QPHG, and QTHG, a r e used f o r s i d e one and s i d e two ( i . e . , an i d e n t i c a l p a i r ) . If MATE = 3 o r 5 , t h e primed v a l u e s a r e s t o r e d ; t h e unprimed v a l u e s are r e a d i n by i n p u t c a r d s 5 and 6 , and v a l u e s of QFHGP, QPHGP, and QTHGP a r e c a l c u l a t e d . Input from c a r d 6 f o r MATE = 2 , c a r d 9 f o r MATE = 3 and 4 o r 5 and 6 ( s e e Table 1 1 ) .

50 Table 15. Output d a t a i d e n t i f i c a t i o n , MATE = 2 , 3 and 4 , o r 5 and 6 , b o l t s , g a s k e t , and l o a d i n g s d a t a Theory symbol

R

Program symbol
XLB
AB

a Description
Effective b o l t length C r o s s - s e c t i o n a l r o o t area o f a l l b o l t s B o l t - c i r c l e diameter Modulus of e l a s t i c i t y , b o l t s , i n i t i a l s t a t e Modulus of e l a s t i c i t y , b o l t s , f i n a l s t a t e C o e f f i c i e n t of thermal expansion, b o l t s Gasket t h i c k n e s s O u t s i d e diameter of g a s k e t I n s i d e d i a m e t e r of g a s k e t Modulus of e l a s t i c i t y of g a s k e t , i n i t i a l s t a t e Modulus o f e l a s t i c i t y o f g a s k e t , f i n a l s t a t e C o e f f i c i e n t of thermal expansion, g a s k e t s I n i t i a l t o t a l b o l t load Temperature of b o l t s , f i n a l s t a t e Temperature of f l a n g e r i n g , s i d e one, f i n a l s t a t e Temperature of f l a n g e r i n g , s i d e two, f i n a l s t a t e Temperature of g a s k e t , f i n a l s t a t e Thermal g r a d i e n t , pipe/hub t o r i n g , s i d e one Thermal g r a d i e n t , pipe/hub t o r i n g , s i d e two Internal pressure

*b
C

Eb 1 Eb2
'b
VO

YB
YB2 EB

vo
X GO
XG I

E E
E

g1
82

YG

YG2
EG

w1

w1
TB
TF

Tb Tf2

TL
T
A

TFP TG
DELTA

A'

DELTAP PRESS

equation:

aA l l v a l u e s a r e i n p u t d a t a , except XLB which i s c a l c u l a t e d by t h e

X L B = TH + THP + VO + B S I Z E + FACE.

51

Table 16. Output d a t a i d e n t i f i c a t i o n , MATE 2 , 3 and 4 , o r 5 and 6 , r e s i d u a l b o l t l o a d s and moments Theory symbol Pro gram symbol
W2A
W2B

a
E f f e c t included R e l a t i v e change i n t e m p e r a t u r e of b o l t s , g a s k e t , f l a n g e (AXIAL THERMAL) Change i n moment arms ( M O M E N T SHIFT) Total pressure Thermal g r a d i e n t , pipe/hub t o r i n g (DELTA THERMAL)
A l l of t h e above, p l u s change i n modulus of e l as t i c i t y (COMBINED)

w2a
'2b
W2C

W2C
W2D

2 ' d

W2

W2

? ' h e change i n b o l t load ( e . g . , W 1 - W2A) and r a t i o of r e s i d u a l t o i n i t i a l b o l t l o a d ( e . g . , W2A/W1) a r e a l s o p r i n t e d o u t , along w i t h t h e corresponding v a l u e s of t h e i n i t i a l moment (Ml) and r e s i d u a l moments, M2A, ..., M2P. The r e s i d u a l moment i d e n t i f i e r s with f i n a l l e t t e r P ( f o r prime) a r e f o r t h e f i r s t e n t e r e d of a p a i r o f n o n i d e n t i c a l f l a n g e s . I f t h e p a i r o f f l a n g e s a r e i d e n t i c a l , t h e n M2B = M2BP, e t c . The r e s i d u a l moment v a l u e s a r e n o t s i g n i f i c a n t f o r b l i n d f l a n g e s , ITYPE = 3 ; t h e r e f o r e , r e s i d u a l b o l t l o a d s a r e used f o r b l i n d f l a n g e s .

displacements as f o r t h e c a s e when MATE = 1 p l u s t h e s t r e s s e s and d i s placements f o r combined l o a d i n g . r e s i d u a l moments M 2 of p r i n t o u t . are printed.

=

The heading i n c l u d e s t h e v a l u e of t h e

M2P used f o r t h e combined-loading c a l c u l a t i o n s .

When MATE = 3 and 4 o r 5 and 6 , t h e o u t p u t c o n s i s t s of f o u r pages The f i r s t two pages have t h e same format as f o r t h e c a s e The r e s i d u a l moments on t h e l a s t l i n e of page 2 apply t o when MATE = 2 , except i n p u t d a t a f o r both of t h e ( n o n i d e n t i c a l ) f l a n g e s f l a n g e one; t h o s e on t h e p r e c e d i n g l i n e apply t o f l a n g e two. The l a s t

two pages o f p r i n t o u t are f o r f l a n g e one and f l a n g e two, r e s p e c t i v e l y , and a r e i d e n t i c a l i n format t o t h e t h i r d page of t h e p r i n t o u t f o r t h e c a s e when MATE = 2 .

52

Acknowledgment of the Computer Sciences Division for converting the CDC 7700 Fortran for operation on the ORNL IBM 360 computers. The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of 0. W. Russ

program written at Battelle-Columbus Laboratories to double precision

References

1. ASME B o i l e r and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII-1971, "Nuclear Power Plant Components," American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, July 1, 1971.
2.

E. 0. Waters et al., "Formulas for Stresses in Bolted Flanged Connections, I ' Trans. ASME 59, 161-69 (1937) .

3. S. Timoshenko, Theory of Plates and S h e l l s , 1st ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1940. 4. E. C. Rodabaugh, F. M. O'Hara, Jr., and S. E. Moore, Analysis of Flanged J o i n t s w i t h Ring-Type Gaskets (in preparation).
5.

E. C. Rodabaugh, F. M. O'Hara, Jr., and S. E. Moore, S t r e s s e s i n t h e B o l t i n g and Flanges of B16.5 Flanged J o i n t s w i t h Metal-to-Metal Contact Outside t h e Bolt C i r c l e (in preparation).

6. D. B. Wesstrom and S. E. Bei-gh, "Effect of Internal Pressure on Stresses and Strains in Bolted-Flanged Connections," Trans ASME 73, 553-68 (1951).

7. E. C. Rodabaugh, Discussion Section of Ref. 6.

8. Large-Diameter Carbon S t e e l Flanges ( S i z e : 26 Inches t o 30 Inches, I n c l u s i v e , Ngminal Pressure Rating: 75, 150, and 300 l b ) , API

Standard 605, 1st Ed., American Petroleum Institute, New York, 1967.

53

APPENDIX A EXAMPLES OF A P P L I C A T I O N OF COMPUTER PROGRAM FLANGE

55
APPENDIX A

CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION DETAILS OF

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . THE FLANGE USED I N THE EXAMPLES . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .
FLANGED JOINT, EXAMPLES 3(a) and 3(b)

57
59 62 67 67

A S M E CODE CALCULATIONS, EXAMPLES 1 AND 2

BLIND-TO-TAPERED-HUB

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OutputData . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R e s i d u a l Bolt Loads . . . . . . . . . Blind Flange S t r e s s e s , Example 3 ( a ) .

I n p u t Data Displacements

Tapered-Hub Flange S t r e s s e s , Example 3 ( a ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Blind and Tapered-Hub S t r e s s e s , Example 3(b)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . .

70 70
80 81 83 83 84 84 84 84 93 94 96

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

IDENTICAL PAIR OF TAPERED-HUB FLANGES, EXAMPLES 4 ( a ) AND 4 ( b )

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Output Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R e s i d u a l Bolt Loads . . . . . . . . Flange S t r e s s e s . . . . . . . . . . . Displacements . . . . . . . . . . . .

I n p u t Data

. . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . .

COMPUTER TIME

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

57

INTRODUCTION Several examples have been selected to illustrate the input/output

The particular size and rating selected was the 60-in., 300-lb taperedbolt stresses and flange stresses are close to the upper limits set in API-605. Six examples are included: The results show that this hub flange. This particular flange represents a design in which the

The flange selected for analysis is one included in API Standard 60.5."

data of the computer program FLANGE and the significance of the results.

1. A Code stress calculation is performed for a tapered-hub flange at its rated pressure of 720 psi at 100F.

particular flange does indeed meet the criteria given in API-605 at A Code stress calculation is performed for a blind flange to match 720 psi and 100F.

blind flange was selected so that its maximum stress was the allowable flange stress of 17,500 psi used in API-605.

the 60-in., 300-lb API-605 tapered-hub flange. The thickness of the

A blind flange bolted to a tapered-hub flange under pressure loading only is analyzed. (a) For an initial bolt stress equal to the API-605 allowable indicate that the flanged joint will probably leak at its

stress for the bolting material of 20,000 p s i , the results

(b)

For an initial bolt stress of 44,300 psi, the results indicate that the flanged joint will pass a hydrostatic test of 1.5 x
720 psi at ambient temperature.

rated pressure of 720 psi at 100F.

4.

A tapered-hub flange bolted to an identical tapered-hub flange with an initial bolt stress of 46,100 psi is analyzed.

Large-Diameter Carbon S t e e l Flanges ( S i z e : 26 Inches t o 30 Inches, Inclusive, Nominal Pressure R a t i n g : 75, 150, and 300 Zb), API Standard 605, 1st Ed., American Petroleum Inst., New York, 1967.

58

(a)

For pressure loading o n l y , the results indicate that the flanged joint w i l l hold a hydrostatic test pressure of
1.5 x 720 psi.

(b)

For pressure loading of 300 p s i (API-605 rated pressure at

850F) plus an external bending moment that produces an axial

that the flanged joint i s adequate to carry these loads.

stress in the attached p i p e of 7500 psi, the results indicate

59
DETAILS OF THE FLANGE USED I N THE EXAMPLES A s k e t c h o f t h e t a p e r e d - h u b f l a n g e i s shown i n F i g . A . l . dimensions a r e as s p e c i f i e d i n API-605. s i o n s B (and t h e r e f o r e g
0
1

The For t h e

The i n s i d e d i a m e t e r and dimen-

and g ) a r e n o t s p e c i f i e d i n API-605.

purpose o f checking r a t i n g s , t h e f o l l o w i n g e q u a t i o n g i v e n i n API-605

was used t o e s t a b l i s h B:

B = D - 2 t
0

( A . 11

where
Do = nominal o u t s i d e d i a m e t e r o f p i p e , i n . ;
t
= p D /2(0.875)S (but n o t
1 0

p, = r a t e d p r e s s u r e a t 100"F, p s i ;

less than 0.25), i n . ;

0.875 = assumed p i p e - w a l l t o l e r a n c e ; and

The d e f i n i t i o n o f t
= 1.2343 i n .

S = 20,000 p s i , t h e a l l o w a b l e s t r e s s a t 100'F.

w i t h Do = 60 i n . and p = 720 p s i , l e a d s t o t = P' 1 P Equation ( A . l ) g i v e s B = 57.5314 i n . and g = ( X - B ) / 2 =

1

2.7030 i n .
by t h e e q u a t i o n g i v e n i n APi-605:

For t h e purpose o f checking r a t i n g s , t h e hub l e n g t h h was c a l c u l a t e d

h = Y - t + O.176g0 + 0.469

.
For t h i s f l a n g e :
+

Dimensions Y and t a r e shown i n F i g . A . l . h = 10.6875 - 5.9375

+

0.176(1.2343)

0.469 = 5.4362 i n .

The APL-605 s t a n d a r d s t a t e s t h a t f l a n g e r a t i n g s were based on u s e

o f a 1/16-in.-thick,

compressed-asbestos, f l a t r i n g - s h a p e d g a s k e t , w i t h For t h e

an i n s i d e d i a m e t e r 1 / 4 i n . l a r g e r t h a n t h e o u t s i d e d i a m e t e r of t h e p i p e and w i t h a n o u t s i d e d i a m e t e r e q u a l t o t h e r a i s e d - f a c e d i a m e t e r . 6 0 - i n . , 300-lb f l a n g e , t h e g a s k e t i n s i d e d i a m e t e r i s 60.25 i n . ; i t s

60
ORNL- D W G 75-4296

t
T
DIMENSIONS IN INCHES

r = 62.9375

= 57.5314

Fig. A . l . Dimensions ( i n i n c h e s ) of 6 0 - i n . , 300-lb API-605 t a p e r e d hub f l a n g e . The terms B y R , C y Do, X , and A are d i a m e t e r s e x p r e s s e d i n inches.

61
o u t s i d e d i a m e t e r i s 65 i n . According t o t h e ASME Code, f o r a 1 / 1 6 - i n . bolts. For an

t h i c k a s b e s t o s g a s k e t , m = 2.75, and y = 3700 p s i . The 6 0 - i n . , 300-lb f l a n g e has f o r t y 2-1/4-in.-diam. b o l t r o o t a r e a o f 136.92 i n . 2 . 8 - p i t c h t h r e a d , t h e r o o t a r e a p e r b o l t i s 3.423 i n . 2 , g i v i n g a t o t a l

62

A S M E CODE CALCULATIONS, EXAMPLES 1 AND 2 The i n p u t d a t a f o r examples 1 and 2 a r e shown i n Table A . l . The

s o u r c e o f a l l i n p u t f o r Cards 2 and 3 a r e c o n t a i n e d i n t h e p r e v i o u s s e c t i o n on f l a n g e d e t a i l s , except t h a t t h e t h i c k n e s s o f t h e b l i n d f l a n g e

was s e l e c t e d * s o t h a t t h e c o n t r o l l i n g f l a n g e s t r e s s i s 17,500 p s i .

Note

t h a t Card 2 i s i d e n t i c a l f o r examples 1 and 2 except f o r t h e v a l u e of t ; however, B , g o , g , , and h a r e not used f o r example 2 ( b l i n d f l a n g e ) , and any number ( i n c l u d i n g zero) can be e n t e r e d f o r t h e s e dimensions. Example 1 i s a Code s t r e s s c a l c u l a t i o n f o r t h e 6 0 - i n . , 300-lb API-605 tapered-hub f l a n g e a t i t s r a t e d p r e s s u r e of 720 p s i a t 100'F. The o u t p u t d a t a a r e shown i n Table A . 2 . 'The v a l u e of SB1 = 20,033 p s i The v a l u e of

i s t h e c o n t r o l l i n g b o l t stress, which e s s e n t i a l l y meets t h e API c r i t e r i o n

v a l u e o f a b o l t s t r e s s not g r e a t e r t h a n 2 0 , 0 0 0 p s i .
(SH + S T ) / 2 = 17,293 p s i under t h e heading "ASME FLANGE STRESSES AT OPERATING MOMENT, MOP" i s t h e c o n t r o l l i n g f l a n g e s t r e s s and meets t h e

API-605 c r i t e r i o n of a c o n t r o l l i n g f l a n g e s t r e s s n o t g r e a t e r t h a n 17,500 p s i . The r e s u l t s , t h e r e f o r e , confirm t h a t t h e 6 0 - i n . , 300-lb API-605 tapered-hub f l a n g e meets t h e s t a t e d c r i t e r i a . The r e a d e r who i s accustomed t o u s i n g hand c a l c u l a t i o n s f o r checking f l a n g e d e s i g n s according t o Code r u l e s w i l l n o t e t h a t t h e program i n p u t does n o t r e q u i r e e i t h e r t h e f a c t o r s T , U, Y , Z from Code F i g . UA-51.1, o r F , V , and f from Code F i g s . UA-51.2, UA-51.3, and UA-51.6, r e s p e c tively. These f a c t o r s a r e c a l c u l a t e d by t h e computer program. and g l / g , , In

a d d i t i o n t o s i m p l i f y i n g t h e i n p u t , t h e program a c c u r a t e l y c a l c u l a t e s F ,
V , and f v a l u e s f o r any v a l u e s of h/h

t h e r a n g e of t h e Code f i g u r e s .

i n c l u d i n g t h o s e beyond

Example 2 i s a Code s t r e s s c a l c u l a t i o n f o r a b l i n d f l a n g e t o match t h e 6 0 - i n . , 300-lb API-605 tapered-hub f l a n g e .

i s t h a t given i n UG-34 [Eq. ( 2 ) ] , with C = 0 . 3 .

The c a l c u l a t i o n method The o u t p u t d a t a a r e

shown i n Table A.3.

The c o n t r o l l i n g f l a n g e stress i s SOP = 17,500 p s i ;

API-605 does n o t g i v e b l i n d - f l a n g e t h i c k n e s s e s .

63

.rl
4

v)

w cd

cd

vi vi

w
v)

0)

Q)

d
0 rci
k

v3

2
a
u
w
i L
.d

k
4

a +J 3 a c
k
vi

cd w cd

cd

k
c\1

5 c , c

a,

e
b

a,

cd

c,

0 0

Table A . 2 .

Output d a t a f o r example 1, ASME Code a n a l y s i s o f a t a p e r e d - h u b f l a n g e

FLANGE O.D..A

P L ARGE

73.93750

PIPE HUB AT FLANGE BASE,Gl THICK. ,T Y A L L , G O 57.53140 5.93750 1.23430 2.70300

I. D . ,B

HUB LENGTH,H

5.43620

C1RCLE.C 69.43750

ECLT

PRESSURE. P

720.000

2.75000

3700.0000 0

6 5 . 0 0 000
YR12 4 . 3 3 2 2 D 05
RGS 1 1 . 1186D 0 6
MOHENT,

GOUT

6 0 . 2 5000
wn1 2 . 7 4 3 0 D 06

GIN

20000

SB

.ooooo

20000.00000

SA

136.92000
SB 2 2.9563D 03

AB

1.1875D 0 0

BO

wnt 1 2.3097D 0 6
MGS

SB 1 2.0033D 04

4.0477D 0 5

wn2

1.1719D 0 7

nop

7 . 5 7 4 2 1 ) 06

A S M E F L d N G E S T R E S S E S AT O P E R A T I N G

HOP
8.4402D 03
(SH+ST ) / 2 =

(2/3)*SH=

1 . 5 6 0 8 D 04

ST =

1 . 1 1 7 4 D 04

SB =

1.72930 04

(SH+SR ) / 2 =

1 . 5 9 2 8 D 04

A S U E FLANGE

S T R E S S E S AT G A S K E T S E A T I N G ROCIENT,

PlGS

(2/3)*SH=

1 . 0 0 8 7 D 04

ST =

7 . 2 2 1 6 D 03

SR =

5.0576D

03

(SH+ST ) / 2 =

1 . 1 1 7 6 D 04

(SH+SR ) / 2 =

1.0294C 04

Table A . 3 .

Output d a t a f o r example 2 , ASME Code a n a l y s i s o f a b l i n d f l a n g e

PIPE WALL,GO 7.90440 0.0

O.D.,A

FLANGE

73.93750

FLANGE I.D.,E

0.0

THICK.,T

FLANGE

H U B AT BASE,G1 0.0

HUB LENGTH,H 0 .o

CIRCLE,C

PRESSURE , P 6 9.4375 0 720.000

BCLT

2.75000
BO

3 700.0000 0 wu11 2.30971) 06

GOUT 65.00000 WH12 4. 3322D 0 5

60.25000

GIN

20000 .ooooo
SB 1 2.0033D 0 4

SB

SA 20000.00000 UH2 4.0477D 0 5

136.92000
SB2 2.9563D 0 3

hB

L n

1. 1875D 0 0

un 1 2.7430D

06

ASUE CODE STRESSES FOR B L I N D FLANGE SP 1.4121D 0 4

SWl 3.37921) 0 3

SOP 1 . 7 5 0 0 ~ 10 4

s w2 4.9865D

02

SGS 3.3763D 0 3

66

be considerably thicker than a mating flange in order for both to meet the Code stress limitations.

This example was included to illustrate that a blind flange may have to

the flange thickness of 7.9044 in. was selected to obtain this result.

BLIND-TO-TAPERED-HUB

FLANGED J O I N T , EXAMPLES 3 ( a ) . AND 3 ( b )

Input Data The i n p u t d a t a f o r examples 3 ( a ) and 3 ( b ) a r e shown i n T a b l e A.4. In a d d i t i o n t o t h e b a s i c purpose of i l l u s t r a t i n g i n p u t / o u t p u t d a t a f o r t h e program FLANGE, t h i s p a i r of examples was s e l e c t e d t o show how t h e program can b e used t o estimate r e q u i r e d i n i t i a l b o l t s t r e s s e s . In a d d i t i o n , example 3 ( a ) shows how t h e g e n e r a l purpose o p t i o n (ICODE # 2 ) g i v e s s t r e s s e s a s o b t a i n e d from Code c a l c u l a t i o n s p l u s d e f o r m a t i o n d a t a and a d d i t o n a l s t r e s s e s , Examples 3 ( a ) and ( b ) do n o t i n v o l v e t e m p e r a t u r e g r a d i e n t s o r t e m p e r a t u r e s o t h e r t h a n ambient; hence, t h e modulus o f e l a s t i c i t y i s t h e

same f o r t h e i n i t i a l and f i n a l s t a t e s .
zero.

Values of t e m p e r a t u r e s f o r t h e

f l a n g e s , b o l t s , and g a s k e t s i n t h e f i n a l s t a t e have been e n t e r e d a s The i n i t i a l - s t a t e r e f e r e n c e t e m p e r a t u r e i s z e r o ; hence, a z e r o i n However, t h e v a l u e o f

A

t h e f i n a l s t a t e d e n o t e s a z e r o thermal g r a d i e n t .

DELTA ( t h e h u b - t o - r i n g thermal g r a d i e n t ) cannot b e e n t e r e d as z e r o

w i t h o u t c a u s i n g a d i v i d e - c h e c k e r r o r , s o a v a l u e of 0 . 0 1 was used.

s m a l l e r v a l u e could b e used ( e . g . , 0.001 o r O.OOOl), b u t t h e o u t p u t d a t a shows t h a t DELTA = 0 . 0 1 i s s u f f i c i e n t l y small so t h a t i t s i n f l u e n c e i s negligible.

A c o e f f i c i e n t o f thermal expansion o f 6 x

h a s been

e n t e r e d b u t i s n o t s i g n i f i c a n t i n t h e s e examples. The v a l u e of FACE, which i s i n t e n d e d t o p e r m i t u s e o f a b o l t l e n g t h other than Lo = T H + THP + VO + BSIZE, was e n t e r e d a s z e r o .

3 x lo7 psi.

The modulus asbestos

o f e l a s t i c i t y f o r b o t h t h e f l a n g e s and t h e b o l t s w a s assumed t o be

The modulus o f e l a s t i c i t y f o r t h e 1 / 1 6 - i n . - t h i c k

g a s k e t was assumed t o b e 3 x lo6 p s i .

Some comments on t h e u s e o f a modulus of e l a s t i c i t y o f 3 x l o 6 f o r The s t r e s s - s t r a i n re-

a 1 / 1 6 - i n . a s b e s t o s g a s k e t may b e a p p r o p r i a t e .

l a t i o n s h i p f o r such a g a s k e t , which i s c o n f i n e d between t h e two r i g i d f l a n g e f a c e s , i s h i g h l y n o n l i n e a r and b o t h time and h i s t o r y dependent. S t a r t i n g o u t w i t h a new g a s k e t , t h e f i r s t increment o f b o l t s t r e s s t o produce a g a s k e t s t r e s s of 1000 p s i might d e c r e a s e t h e g a s k e t t h i c k n e s s

68

Table A . 4 . Card No. 1 2 ITYPE 3 73.9375

a Input data for blind-to-tapered-hub flanged joint, examples 3a and 3b

Variables and numerical values Read format 415 2.7030 G gl 5.4362 h 69.4375 C 720.
(1080.)

IBOND
0

ICODE 0 7.9044 t

MATE 5 1.2343 YM go

57.5314 EF

8E10.5

(6.0656D+6) 4
5

2.7430D+6 ITYPE 1 A

XMOA~

6. D-6

DELTA'

.O1

3. D+7

62.625

5E10.5

IBOND
0

ICODE
0

MATE 6 go gl

415 2.7030 5.4362

73.9375
6

57.5314 EF

5.9375

1.2343 YM

69.4375

720.
(1080.)

8E10.5

(2.0661D+7) 7
8
9

1.1719D+7 BS IZE 2.25

XMOA

6. D-6 YB YG

DELTA'

.01

3. D+7

62.625 XGO XG I AB

5E10.5

.0625
w1

vo

3. D+7 3. D+6 TF
0

6. D-6 6. D-6 TF B
0 EG

EB

TB
TG
0

65.
FACE

60.25
PBE
0

136.92

7E10.5 6E10.5

(6.06561)+6)

2.7430D+6

YF2

3. D+7 3. D+7

YFP2

3. D+7

YB2

3. D+6

YG2

7E10.5

aValues in parentheses are for example 3b.

bInitial bolt load is used here since ITYPE = 3; see footnote b t o Table 11 in the text. eSince . DELTA cannot be entered as zero, 0.01 was used as a satisfactorily small value.

69

by 20%, s o t h a t t h e modulus would be 1000/(0.2 x 0.0625) = 8 x l o 4 p s i . Crude o b s e r v a t i o n s i n d i c a t e t h a t , a t a b o l t stress t h a t produces a g a s k e t s t r e s s of 40,000 p s i , t h e g a s k e t t h i c k n e s s i s about o n e - h a l f of

i t s o r i g i n a l t h i c k n e s s , s o t h a t t h e average modulus up t o t h i s s t r e s s i s
40,000/0.03125 = 1.28 x

lo6

psi.

These numbers a r e dependent upon t h e However, f o r t h e f l a n g e d - j o i n t

r a t i o of width t o t h i c k n e s s of t h e g a s k e t and t h e time under s t r e s s , p a r t i c u l a r l y f o r low g a s k e t s t r e s s . a n a l y s i s , w e a r e not i n t e r e s t e d i n t h e g a s k e t s t r e s s - s t r a i n c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s when t h e b o l t load i s a p p l i e d b u t r a t h e r i n t h e g a s k e t stresss t r a i n c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s when t h e g a s k e t s t r e s s i s decreased a f t e r t h e g a s k e t has been under b o l t load f o r s e v e r a l days o r many months. f l a n g e d j o i n t s u s i n g 1 / 1 6 - i n . - t h i c k a s b e s t o s g a s k e t s , t h e assumed modulus o f e l a s t i c i t y of t h e g a s k e t i s n o t v e r y s i g n i f i c a n t provided i t
No

d a t a on t h e "spring-back" o f a s b e s t o s g a s k e t s are a v a i l a b l e , b u t i n most

i s n o t u n r e a l i s t i c a l l y low.

T h i s can b e shown f o r example 3 by n o t i n g

t h a t t h e change i n t h e b o l t load depends upon t h e sum of t h e loaddisplacement c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f t h e b o l t s , t h e f l a n g e s , and t h e g a s k e t . The displacements f o r a u n i t b o l t load a r e -

for bolts:

-AbEb

LO

16.15 136.92 x 3 x l o 7

= 3.93 x 10-9

f o r flanges: and

2 x QFHG = Z(1.197 x

= 2.40 x lo-'

f o r gasket:

"0 -

0.0625 467.26 x EG ~

1.34 x
EG

As E

v a r i e s from l o 5 t o l o 7 , t h e s u m of t h e s e t h r e e displacements G v a r i e s as f o l l o w s :

EG

io5
1
7.67

3 x 105

106

106

io7
6.34

Sum of d i s p l a c e ments (x109 i n

6.78

6.46

6.37

70
From t h e above, it can b e seen t h a t changing t h e g a s k e t modulus by two o r d e r s of magnitude changes t h e sum of t h e displacement by o n l y 17%. The i n i t i a l b o l t s t r e s s used i n example 3 ( a ) i s 20,033 p s i , g i v i n g

an i n i t i a l b o l t load of W 1 = SbAb = 20,033 x 136.92 = 2.743 x l o 6 l b ;

W 1 i s e n t e r e d i n p l a c e of XMOA on c a r d 6 ( s e e f o o t n o t e b t o Table 11 of

text). in.-lb.

The i n i t i a l moment, XMOA, used i n example 3 ( a ) i s 1.1719 x

lo7

The i n i t i a l b o l t s t r e s s used i n example 3 ( b ) i s 44,300 p s i , The i n i t i a l moment, The r e a s o n s f o r

g i v i n g an i n i t i a l b o l t load of W 1 = 6.0656 x l o 6 l b .
XMOA, used i n example 3(b) i s 2.0661 x l o 7 i n . - l b .

u s i n g t h e s e p a r t i c u l a r v a l u e s of W 1 and XMOA a r e d i s c u s s e d i n c o n n e c t i o n with t h e o u t p u t d a t a f o r t h e s e examples.

OutDut Data

Residual Bo 1t Loads The o u t p u t d a t a f o r example 3(a) are shown i n Table A.5. (Table A.Sa).* The

o u t p u t s t a r t s w i t h a p r i n t o u t of a l l i n p u t d a t a on t h e f i r s t page The parameters involved i n t h e b o l t - l o a d - c h a n g e c a l c u The i n i t i a l b o l t load under l a t i o n s a r e t h e n p r i n t e d , followed by r e s i d u a l b o l t l o a d s and moments,
a l l on t h e second page (Table A.5b).

"LOADINGS" i s 2.743 x l o 6 l b ; t h e r e s i d u a l b o l t load a f t e r a p p l i c a t i o n o f t h e p r e s s u r e of 720 p s i i s g i v e n f o l l o w i n g !'COMBINED" as W2 = 1.0948 x

lo6 lb.

The l o s s i n b o l t load i s g i v e n by W 1 - W2 = 1.6482 x l o 6 l b , C a l c u l a t e d s t r e s s e s f o r t h e b l i n d f l a n g e and f o r t h e t a p e r e d These a r e d i s c u s s e d l a t e r .

and t h e r a t i o of r e s i d u a l t o i n i t i a l b o l t load i s g i v e n by W 2 / W 1 = 0.39911. hub f l a n g e a r e p r i n t e d on t h e t h i r d and f o u r t h pages (Tables A.5c and A.5d, r e s p e c t i v e l y ) .

For convenience i n r e f e r r i n g t o s p e c i f i c pages of m u l t i p a g e t a b l e s , we have used a l p h a b e t i c s u f f i x e s on t a b l e numbers. For example, t h e f i r s t page of T a b l e A.5 i s d e s i g n a t e d Table A.5a; t h e second page i s Table A.5b, t h e t h i r d i s Table A.5c, e t c .

Table A.5a. g u t p u t d a t a f o r example 3 ( a ) , b l i n d f l a n g e b o l t e d t o a tapered-hub f l a n g e , w i t h i n i t i a l b o l t s t r e s s = 20,033 p s i *

O.D.,A

FLANGE 73.93750
LOAD

FLANGE
I.D.,B

PIPE H U B AT FLANGE THICK.,T WALL,GO BASE,Gl 57.53140 7.90440 1.23430 2.70300

LENGTH,H 5.43620 ITYPE 3

HUB

HUB

C1RCLE.C

PRESSURE, P 69.43750 720.000

IECND

BCLT

COEFF. OF nELTA N O D . OF H E A N GASKET THERHAL EXP. ELASTICITY DIANETER 2.743D 0 6 6.000D-06 1.000D-02 3.000D 0 7 6.263D 0 1 FLANGZ
O.D.,A

BOLT

ICODE
0

HATE
5

73.93750

I.D.,E

PIPE HOB A T FLANGE THICK.,T WALL,GO BASE,Gl 57.53140 5.93750 1.23430 2.70300

FLANGE

LENG'fH,H 5.43620
ITYFE

BCLT PRESSURE, CIRCLE,C P 69.43750 720.000

IECND ICODE UATE

COEFF. OF DELTA N O D . OF H E A N GASKET THEREAL EXP. ELASTICITY DIAFlETER 1.172D 0 7 6.OCOD-06 1.000D-02 3.000D 0 7 6.263D 0 1
flOflENT

0
X GO

6
XGI

2.2500D

BSIZE

6.25OOD-02 w1 2.7430D O F

vo

OC

YD 3.0000D 0 7
3.0000D 0 6
0.0
TF
YG

6.0000D-06 6.0000D-06 TFP

0.0
EG

EB

TG 0.0 Y F2 3.0000D 0 7

0.0

TB

6.50000 0 1 FACE 0.0 YFP2 3.0000D 0 7

6.0250D 0 1 PEE
0.0

1.3692D 0 2 YG2 3.0000D 06

AB

YB2 3.0000D 0 7

FLANGE J C I N T BOLT L O A D C H A N G E D U E TO APPLIEC LOADS, BLTND 'IC INTEGER PAIR FLANGE J O I N T SIDE O N E (PRIIIEC QUANTITIES) QFHG= 9.499UD-10 QPHG= 6.5350D-06 Y H = 3.0000D C7 YP2 = 1.1968D-09 QPHG= 3.0000D 07 BOLTTNG
BOLT LENGTH= 1.6154D 01 YE = 3.0000D 0 7
Q T H G = -1.COOOD

3.0000D 0 7

00 EF =

XB = -1.OOOOD 6.0000D-06

00

G O = -1.0000D

00

TH

7.904bD

00

FLANGE J O I N T SIDE: T W O (UNPRIOED QUkNTI'IIES) QFHG=

YN =

8.0422D-06 YP2 =

QTHG= 9.5590D-05 3.0000D 0 7 EF =

X B = 5.7531D 0 1 6.0000D-06

GO=

1.2343D 0 0

TH

5.9375D 00

1.36921) 0 2 BCLT AREA= I 8 2 = 3.0000D 0 7

BOLT CIRCLE= 6.9438D EE = 6.000CD-06

01

GASKET
VO

= YG

6.2cOOC-02

3.0000D 06

XGO =

6.5000D 0 1 X G I = 6.0250D 0 1 YG2 = 3.0000D C6 E G = 6.000CD-06

*For the convenience of the u s e r , the first page of Table A.5 is designated Table A.5a, the second page is Table A.Sb, the third is Table A.5c, etc. This convention is a l s o used i n the following tables.

Table A . 5b
LOADINGS I N I T I A L BOLT LOAD= GASKET TEMP.= 0.0 2.7430D 06 BOLT T E H P . = 0.0 DELTA= 1.0000D-02 DELTAFz

(continued)

FLANGE ONE TEMP.= 0.0 1.00COD-02 PRESSURE=

FLANGE TU0 TEMP.= 7.2000D 02

0.0

RESIDUAL BOLT LOADS AFTER THERRAL-PRESSURE LOADS AXIAL THERRAL,U2A= TOTAL PRESSURE,WZC= COHBINED,WZ= Wl-UZR= WZA/Wl= 0.0 1.0000D 0 0 1.0948D 2.7430D 0 6 1.0949C 06 06 Yl-W2B= W2B/U1= 5.1359D 05 8.1276D-01 WI-UZC= UZC/Ul= 1.6481D 0 6 3.9915D-01 UI-W2D= W2D/Wl= 1.0333D 0 2 9.9996D-01 W1-U2= W2/U1= 1.6U82D 06 3.9911D-01
MOMENT SHIFT,Y2E=

2.229UD

06 06
N

DELTA THERIAL,Y2D=

2.7429D

I N I T I A L A N D RESIDUAL MONENTS AFTER THERHAL RESSURE LOADS. Hl= 9.3433D 06 M2A= 9.3433D 06 M2B= 1.1646D 0 7 3.9C15D M2C= 7.7818D
06

M2D=

9.343OD 0 6

M2=

7.78141)

06

%?BP= 4.2880D

07

R2CP=

3.9015D 0 7

H2P=

07

73

m
0

m
0

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Table A.5d
TAPERED H U B FLANGE CALCULATICNS FOR HOMENT L O A D I N G SLSO= SLLO= STH=
ZG=

(continued)

2.3042D 04 2 . 3 U l l D 04 1.1173D 0 4

S L S I = -2.3042D S L L I = -2.341113

OU

SCSO= SCLO= SRH=

1.9763D 7.0234D 8.4441D

04

SCSI=

5.9379D

03

04
04

03
03
YO=

S C L I = -7.0234D SRF= -6.6480D 1.232iD-02

03
03 Y1= 1.0058D-18 THETA= - 4 . 0 5 7 9 D - 0 3

STP= -1.84821)
ZC= -2.4446D-02

-1.0421D-02

QFHG=

1.4026C-02

CALCULATICNS FOR PRSSSORE L O A D I N G SLSO= SLLO= STH= 1.419uD 0 4 1.8645D 0 3 9.3311D 0 3 SLSI= SLLI= 2.5863D 03 SCSO= SCLO= 1.4398D 0 4 5.5935D 0 2 03 SCSI= SCLI= SRF= 1.0915D 0 4 1.739UD 03 2.7038D 02 6.0715D-18 THETA= - 1 . 8 0 8 8 D - 0 3

5.7979D 0 3

STF= -1.1002D

03
QPHG=

SRH= -2.2932D 5.7904D-03

ZG= -4.5114D-03

Z C = -1.0302D-02

YO=

9.7224D-03

Y1=

CALCULATIONS FOR TEHPERA'IURE L O A D I N G SLSO= 1.22281) 0 0 S L S I = -1.2228D SLLT=

00

SCSO=

1.0649D-01

S C S I = -6.2722D-01 SCLI= -1.758lD SRF=

00

SLLO= - 1 . 3 9 7 7 C - 0 1 STH= 1.1087D

CO

1.3977D-01

SCLO= -1.84191)

00

STF= -6.1330D-01

SRH= -2.7247D-01 9.5590D-07

1.5072D-01
Y 1= -1.7259D-06

Z G = -7.4476D-07

Z C = -1.7007D-06

QFHG=

Y O = -2.4965D-07

T H E T A = -2.9860D-07

CALCULATIONS FOR C O H B I N E D LOADING,H2 O R H2P FCR I T Y P E = l OR 2 , SLSO= SLLO= STH= 3.33851) 2.1362D

1 2 F O R ITYPE=3, 1.5860D 0 4

7.7814D

06

CU
04

S L S I = -1.6605D SLLT= -1.3700D STF= -1.6493D ZC= -3.0663D-02

04
04

SCSO= SCLO= SRH=

3.0857D 6.40681) 4.7391D

04

SCSI=

03 03 YO=

S C L I = -4.1117D

03
03 Y 1= - 1 . 7 2 5 9 D - 0 6 THETA= - 5 . 1 8 8 6 D - 0 3

1.8638D 0 4

04

S R F = -5.2E61D
1.9984D-02

ZG= -1.3191D-02

QPHG=

1.7472D-02

75

To a v o i d l e a k a g e , * t h e r e s i d u a l b o l t load must n o t be l e s s than t h e c r i t i c a l value W erations; thus,

IT
CY

which may b e o b t a i n e d from simple e q u i l i b r i u m c o n s i d -

=-G2p 4 0

where
W
G o = o u t s i d e d i a m e t e r of g a s k e t (65 i n . i n t h i s example), and
C

= "critical"

b o l t load,

p = p r e s s u r e (720 p s i i n t h i s example). In t h i s example, t h e v a l u e of W

is

1 x 4
C

6S2 x 720 = 2.389 x l o 6 l b

Because W

i s s i g n i f i c a n t l y g r e a t e r t h a n W2 = 1.0948 x l o 6 l b , t h e
The r e s u l t s i l l u s -

r e s u l t s f o r example 3 ( a ) i n d i c a t e t h a t t h e j o i n t w i l l l e a k a t t h e r a t e d p r e s s u r e with t h e i n i t i a l b o l t s t r e s s of 20,033 p s i . t r a t e an a s p e c t o f ASME-designed f l a n g e s t h a t i s well known t o many u s e r s ; t h a t i s , t h e j o i n t s o f t e n cannot be made l e a k t i g h t ( e s p e c i a l l y i n o r d e r t o p a s s t h e h y d r o s t a t i c t e s t ) by applying an i n i t i a l b o l t s t r e s s equal t o t h e Code-allowable b o l t s t r e s s . 3(b) i s t h e same as 3 ( a ) , except t h a t t h e i n i t i a l b o l t s t r e s s has been i n c r e a s e d from 20,033 p s i t o 44,300 p s i (Wl i n p u t under M O A i n c r e a s e d t o 2.0661 x l o 7 ) ; t h e i n i t i a l moment has been c o r r e s p o n d i n g l y i n c r e a s e d ; and t h e p r e s s u r e h a s been i n c r e a s e d from 720 p s i t o 1080 p s i , t h e l a t t e r b e i n g t h e h y d r o s t a t i c - t e s t p r e s s u r e of 1 . 5 times t h e cold r a t i n g p r e s s u r e . I t can b e s e e n i n Table A.6 (on t h e second page, Table A.6b) t h a t t h e

The o u t p u t d a t a f o r example 3 ( b ) a r e shown i n Table A.6.

Example

Leakage i s d e f i n e d as t h e g r o s s t y p e of leakage t h a t occurs when t h e load on t h e g a s k e t i s reduced t o zero. Slow, d i f f u s i o n - t y p e leakage may o c c u r a t lower p r e s s u r e s .

. k

Table A.6a. Output d a t a f o r example 3 ( b ) , b l i n d f l a n g e b o l t e d t o a tapered-hub fl.ange, w i t h i n i t i a l b o l t stress = 44,300 p s i

FLANGE O.D.,A

73.93750

FLANGE I.D.,B

FLRNGE THICK.,T 57.53140 7.904UO

H U B AT PIPE WALL,GO BASE,Gl 2.70300 1.23430

HUB LENGTH,H 5.U3620

69.43750
IBOND

CIRCLE,C

BCLT

PRESSURE, 1080.000
ICODE

COEFF. OF DELTA HOD. OF H E A N GASKET THERMAL EXP. ELASTICITY D I L H E T E Fc 6.066D 0 6 6 . 0 0 0 D - 0 6 1.000D-02 3.000D 07 6.263D 0 1
LOAD

BOLT

ITYPE

MATE 5

3
HUB LENGTH,H

0
EOLT

0
PRESSURE, P 1080.000
ICODE

O.D.,A

FLANGE 73.93750

FLANGE FLANGE I.D.,B TAICK.,T 57.53140 5.93750

H U B AT PIPE BASE,Gl WALL,GO 1.23430 2.70300

5.43620

CIBCLE,C

69.43750
IEOND

COEFF. O F DELTA H O D . OF H E A N GASKET THERMAL E X P . FLASTICITY D I A M E T E R 2.0661) 0 7 6 . 0 0 0 D - 0 6 1.000D-02 3.000D 07 6.263D 0 1

HOHENT

ITYFE
1 TB

MATE

0
X GO

6
XGI

BSIZE 2.2500D 0 0 6. 2500D-0 2 6.0656D

vo
w1

3.0000D 0 7 YG 3.0000D 0 6 0.0

TP

YE

06

EB 6.0000D-06 EG 6.0000D-06 T FP 0.0

0.0

0.0 Y F2 3.0000I: 07

TG

6.5000D 0 1

0.0

FACE

Y PP2 3.0000D 0 7

6.025013 PBE 0.0 YB2 3.0000D

01

AB 1.3692D 02

07

YG2 3.0000D

06

FLANGE JCINT BOLT L O A D C H A N G E D U E TO A P P L I E D LOADS, B L I N D 'IC I N T E G E R PAIR FLANGE J O I N T SIDE ONE QFHG=
YH =

( P R I M E D QUANTITIES)
Q T H G = -1.0000D

9.499UD-10 QPHG= 3.0000D 0 7

6.5350D-06 YF2 =

3.0000D

07

EP =

00

XB = -1.0000D 6.0000D-06

00

GO=

-1.0000D

00

'IH

7.90UUD 00

FLANGE J O I N T SIDE T U 0 (UNPRIHED QUANTITIES) QFHG= 1.1968D-09 QPAG= yn = 3.0000~ 07

BOLTING

8.0422D-06 YP2 =

QTHG=

9.559OD-05 3.0000D 0 7 EP =

X B = 5.7531D 6.0000D-06

01

GO=

1.2343D 0 0

TH

5.9375D

00

BOLT LENGTH= 1.61542) 0 1 YB = 3.0000D 07 GASKET

VO
YG

BOLT A R E A = 1.3692D 0 2 YB2 = 3.0000D 0 7

BOLT C I R C L E = 6.94381) E B = 6.OOOOC-06

01

6.25000-02 XGO = 3.0000D 0 6

6.5000D 0 1 X G I = 6.0250D 0 1 YG2 = 3.0000D 0 6 E G = 6.00CCD-06

Table A . 6b
LO A D INGS I N I T I A L BOLT LOAD= GASKET TEHP.= 0.0 6.06560 0 6 BOLT TEMP.= 0.0 DELTA= 1.0000D-02 DELTAPs

(continued)

FLANGE ONE TEMP.= 0.0 1.0000D-02 PRESSURE=

FLANGE T W O TENP.= 1.0800D 0 3

0.0

RESIDUAL EOLT LOADS AFTER THERMAL-PRESSURE LOADS AXIAL THERMAL,UZA= TOTAL PRESSURE,WZC= COHBINED,W2= Wl-W2A= Y2A/W1=
0.0

6.0656D 3.593UC 06 Wl-W2B= S2B/W1=

06 06

HOMENT SHIPT.W2E=

5.2952D

06
06

DELTA T B E R H A L , V Z D =

6.0655D

3.59339

7.7038D 05 8.7299D-01

Wl-Y2C=
WZC/Wl=

2 . 4 7 2 2 D 06 5.92421)-01

WI-W2D= W2D/WI=

1.0333D 0 2 9.9998D-01

Wl-W2= W2/W1=

2.U723D 06 5.92401)-01

1.0000D 0 0

I N I T I A L A N D RESIDUAL MOHENTS AFTER THERRAL ERESSURE LOADS. Ml= H2BP= 2.0661D 07 07 #2A= 2.0661D 07 H2B= 2.U115D 07 H2C= 07 1.8319D 0 7 12D= 2.0661D 07 M2= 1.6318D
01

7.0966D

H2CP=

6.5169D 0 7

M2P=

6.5168D

78

m
0

m
0
P

m m m
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a m m
W ll I3

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T a b l e A . 6d
T I P E R E D H U B PLBNGE CALCULATICNS FOR MOMENT LOIDING
SLSO=

(continued)

4.0624D

04

S L S I = -4.062UD

04

SCSO= SCLO= SRH=

3.4843D 1.2382D

04 04

SCSI=

1.0469D 0 4 04 04 Y1= 2.1553D-19 THETA= -7.1542D-03

%LO= STH=

4 . 1 2 7 5 D 04 1 . 9 6 9 9 0 04

S L L I = -4.12750

04
04

S C L I = -1.2382D

STP= -3.2584D ZC= -4.3100D-02

1.4887D 0 4

ZG= -1.8372D-02

QPHG=

2.47280-02

Yo=

S R F = -1.1721D
2.1724D-02

CALCULATIONS FOR PRESSURE L O A D I N G

SLSO=
SLLO= STR=

2.1290D 2.7967D

08

SLSI=

3.879UD 0 3 8.6968D 03 03

SCSO= SCLO=

2.1596D 04 8.3902D 0 2 03

SCSI= SCLI= SRF=

1.63731) 2.6090D 4.0556D

04
03 02 6.0715D-18 THETA= - 2 . 7 1 3 2 D - 0 3

03

SLLI=

1.3997D OU

STF= -1.6503D
Z C = -1.5453D-02

SRH= -3.43971) 8.68560-03

ZG= - 6 . 7 6 7 1 D - 0 3

QFHG=

YO=

1.4584D-02

Y 1=

CALCULATICNS F O R TERPERAIURE LOADING

SLSO=

1.'2228D

00

S L S I = -1.2228D

00

SCSO=

1.0649D-01 00

S C S I = -6.2722D-01 S C L I = -1.758113 SRF= 00

S L L O = -1.3977D-01

SLLI=

1.3977D-01

SCLO= -1.8419D

STH=

1.1087D 00

STF= -6.1330D-01 QPHG=

SRH= -2.7247D-01

1.5072D-01
Y 1= -1.7259D-06

ZG= - 7 . 4 4 7 6 D - 0 7

ZC= -1.7007D-06

9.5590D-07

Y O = -2.4965D-07

THETA= -2.9860D-07 1.8316D 07

CALCULATIONS FOR COMBINED LOADING,NZ O R I 2 P FOR I T Y P P = l OR 2,

SLSO=

W 2 FOR I T Y P E = 3 , 2.5654D
04

5.7309D

04
04

S L S I = -3.2139D

04
04

SCSO=
SCLOt SRH=

5.2489D

04
03

SCSI=

SLLO= STH=

3.9392D 04 3.1463D

SLLI= -2.7898D
S T P = -3.0541D

1.1816D 0 4 9.7592D

S C L I = -8.3712D

03
03 THETA= -9.0565D-03

04
QFHG=

ZG= - 2 . 3 0 5 7 D - 0 2

ZC= -5.3667D-02

3.0610D-02

YO=

S R F = -9.9860D
3.3844D-02

Y 1 = -1.7259D-06

80
r e s i d u a l b o l t l o a d a f t e r a p p l i c a t i o n of a p r e s s u r e of 1080 p s i i s
W 2 = 3.5933 x l o 6 l b .

The v a l u e of t h e c r i t i c a l b o l t load t o p r e v e n t

g r o s s leakage i s

5 x 4

6S2 x 1080 = 3.584 x l o 6 l b .

With an i n i t i a l b o l t s t r e s s o f 44,300 p s i , t h e r e s i d u a l b o l t load i s now greater than W an i n i t i a l b o l t s t r e s s of 44,300 p s i i s s u f f i c i e n t f o r t h e j o i n t t o p a s s a h y d r o s t a t i c t e s t t o 1080 p s i , a l b e i t w i t h no margin of s a f e t y . p r e s e l e c t e d f o r example 3(b) t o a c h i e v e t h i s f i n a l r e s u l t . I t is As t h e r e a d e r may have surmised, t h e i n i t i a l b o l t s t r e s s o f 44,300 p s i was p e r t i n e n t t o n o t e t h a t , because of t h e l i n e a r n a t u r e of t h e c a l c u l a t i o n s ,
it i s not necessary t o i t e r a t e i n order t o f i n d a value f o r t h e i n i t i a l
C

Accordingly, t h e r e s u l t s of example 3(b) i n d i c a t e t h a t

b o l t stress t h a t would make W2 = W c .

Note t h a t ( W 1 - W2) = 1.648 x

lo6

i n example 3 ( a ) and t h a t (Wl - W2) v a r i e s l i n e a r l y w i t h p r e s s u r e . f i n d t h e r e q u i r e d v a l u e of W 1 t o make W2 = Wc a t an a r b i t r a r y p r e s s u r e p , we need o n l y s o l v e t h e e q u a t i o n :

n 2 W1 = G p

To

7 20

(1.648 x l o 6 )

.
lo6,
and t h e corresponding

For p = 1080, Eq. (A.3) g i v e s W 1 = 6.056 x i n i t i a l b o l t stress i s W1/%

= 6.056 x 106/136.92 = 44,228 p s i , which

was rounded o f f t o 44,300 p s i f o r Example 3 ( b ) .

Blind Flange S t r e s s e s . E x a m D l e 3 f a ) Example 3 ( a ) was r u n w i t h an i n i t i a l b o l t stress of 20,033 p s i t o p e r m i t d i r e c t comparison of t h e b l i n d - f l a n g e s t r e s s e s with t h e s t r e s s e s c a l c u l a t e d i n example 2 , where t h e c o n t r o l l i n g b o l t s t r e s s was SB1 = 20,033 p s i . S t r e s s e s f o r t h e b l i n d f l a n g e a r e shown i n Table A.5c. The maximum
A com-

stress due t o i n i t i a l b o l t l o a d i n g o n l y i s SORT = 4021.3 p s i .

p a r a b l e stress from t h e Code c a l c u l a t i o n (Table A.3), i s SGS = 3376.3 p s i

81

bolt loading only. The maximum stress due to pressure loading only of the blind flange (Table A.5c) is SORT
=

This also represents a stress at the center of the blind flange due to 13,144 psi.

from the Code calculation (Table A.3) is SP = 14,121 psi. loading (Table A.5c) is SORT
=

A Comparable stress

The maximum stress due to combined bolt loading and pressure 14,749 psi.

stress is not the sum of the stress due to the initial bolt load and the stress due to pressure. Rather, the program recognizes that the pressure changes the bolt load - in this example, from 2.743 x lo6 lb down to 1.0948 x l o 6 (Table A.5b). Stresses for combined loadings are related

Note that this combined

equation a c

to stresses for initial bolt loading only and pressure only by the

= a W2+a , b W 1 p

.-

where ac = combined stress, ab = stress due to initial bolt load only,

W2 = bolt load at pressure, W1 = initial bolt load, and u

to pressure only.

stress due
+

1.78Wh ) from paragraph UG-34 and Figs. UG-34 ( j ) and (k)] can be deG rived by assuming that the blind flange is a flat circular plate of outside the diameter d is ignored. The plate is simply supported along d and loaded by edge moment WhG and pressure p . Wh is either the
G

The Code equation for combined stresses [i.e., S = (d/t)2(0.3p

outside diameter equal to the effective gasket diameter d.

The metal

operating moment or the gasket-seating moment, as obtained in Appendix I1

of the Code. The method used in this report is theoretically more

accurate than that used in the Code, and the relatively good agreement between stresses in Table A.5c and those in Table A . 3 is, in part, significant amount of flange material outside the gasket diameter d.

coincidental. Large differences can exist, particularly when there is a

Tapered-Hub Flange Stresses, Example 3(a) to permit direct comparison with the stresses given for example 1 in Example 3(a) was run with an initial moment of 1.1719 x

l o 7 in.-lb

82

Table A . 2 under t h e heading "ASME FLANGE STRESSES AT OPERATING MOMENT, MOP." in.-lb. I n example 1, t h e v a l u e f o r MOP was determined t o be 1.1719 x l o 7 To b e c o n s i s t e n t with t h e Code c a l c u l a t i o n s i n t h i s example

[ 3 ( a ) ] , we chose I B g N D = 0 . C a l c u l a t e d s t r e s s e s f o r t h e tapered-hub f l a n g e a r e shown i n Table A.5d. The Code method c o v e r s o n l y moment l o a d i n g . The s t r e s s e s i n Table A.5d f o r i n i t i a l moment l o a d i n g o n l y a r e t h e same as t h o s e i n Table A . 2 f o r o p e r a t i n g moment, MOP: S t r e s s v a l u e s from Table A.5d SLLO = 23,411 p s i STH = 11,173 p s i
SRH =

S t r e s s v a l u e s from Table A . 2 SH = 23,412 p s i ST = 1 1 , 1 7 4 p s i SR = 8,444 p s i

8,444 p s i

The Code method g i v e s s t r e s s e s a t t h e small end of t h e hub i f t h e Code f a c t o r f i s g r e a t e r than 1.0; otherwise, it gives s t r e s s e s f o r t h e l a r g e end of t h e hub. The Code method c a l c u l a t e s r a d i a l and t a n g e n t i a l Usually t h e s e a r e h i g h e r

stresses on t h e hub s i d e of t h e f l a n g e o n l y .

t h a n t h e corresponding s t r e s s e s on t h e f a c e s i d e of t h e f l a n g e , but i n t h i s example, STH = 11,173 p s i i s l e s s t h a n STF = -18,482 p s i i n a b s o l u t e magnitude. t h e hub. S t r e s s e s f o r p r e s s u r e l o a d i n g o n l y , t e m p e r a t u r e l o a d i n g o n l y , and combined l o a d i n g s a r e shown as t h e 2nd, 3rd, and 4 t h groups of s t r e s s e s i n Table A.5d. The small v a l u e s under t h e heading "CALCULATIONS FOR
TEMPERATURE LOADINGS" come from u s i n g DELTA = 0 . 0 1 , s i n c e DELTA = 0 i s

The Code method does not g i v e c i r c u m f e r e n t i a l s t r e s s e s i n

not a p e r m i s s i b l e input value. Combined s t r e s s e s a r e not t h e sum of t h e s t r e s s e s due t o t h e t h r e e individual loads. 7.7814 x R a t h e r , t h e program r e c o g n i z e s t h a t p r e s s u r e and t e m p e r a t u r e change t h e moment from M 1 = 9.3433 x

lo6

lo6

in.-lb to M2 =

i n . - l b i n t h i s example* (Table A.5b).

The maximum s t r e s s

I t should b e noted t h a t M 1 i s n o t t h e same as t h e i n p u t moment XMOA. The program w i l l a c c e p t any v a l u e f o r c a l c u l a t i n g s t r e s s e s b u t , f o r c a l c u l a t i n g b o l t load changes, i t assumes t h a t t h e moment i s equal t o W(C-G)/2.

83

under combined loads (in this example, residual moment and pressure) is
SLLO = 23,411 psi.

SLSO = 33,385 psi.

Under initial moment only, the maximum stress is

Blind and Tapered-Hub Flange Stresses, Example 3(b) Stresses are shown in Table A.6c and A.6d for blind and tapered-hub

high for the realistic initial bolt stress of 44,300 psi needed to pass the hydrostatic test pressure of 1080 psi [i.e., SORT = 24,984 psi for flange (Table A.6dI. Comments on the significance of these high calthe blind flange (Table A.6c) and SLSO = 57,309 psi for the tapered-hub culated stresses are included later in the discussion of examples 4a and

flanges, respectively. It can be seen that maximum stresses are quite

4b.

Displacements

tapered-hub flange. One potential application for these displacements

is discussed later in connection with examples 4(a)

ZC for the blind flange or ZG, ZC, QFHG, YO, Y1, and THETA for the
and 4(b).

Tables A.5 and A.6 include, along with stresses, the displacements

84
IDENTICAL PAIR OF TAPERED-HUB FLANGES, EXAMPLES 4 ( a ) AND 4(b) I n p u t Data The i n p u t d a t a f o r Examples 4 ( a ) and 4 ( b ) a r e shown i n Table A . 7 . The i n i t i a l b o l t s t r e s s of 46,100 p s i and corresponding W 1 = 6.312 x

lo6 l b were s e l e c t e d by a p r e l i m i n a r y c a l c u l a t i o n so t h a t W2 would e q u a l

W

6.312 x

a t t h e h y d r o s t a t i c - t e s t p r e s s u r e of 1080 p s i .

The v a l u e of W 1 =

lo6

l b l e a d s t o i n i t i a l moment XMOA = Wl(C-G)/2 = 2.1500 x Example 4(a) i s f o r h y d r o s t a t i c t e s t c o n d i t i o n s a t atmoExample 4(b) i s f o r s t e a d y - s t a t e o p e r a t i n g con-

lo7 in.-lb.

s p h e r i c temperature. t e m p e r a t u r e of 850F.

d i t i o n s a t t h e r a t e d p r e s s u r e of 300 p s i and corresponding API-605 The modulus o f e l a s t i c i t y of t h e f l a n g e , b o l t , and g a s k e t m a t e r i a l s

was assumed t o b e 2.25 x l o 7 p s i a t 800"F, as compared w i t h 3 . 0 x

a t atmospheric t e m p e r a t u r e .

lo7

I t i s assumed t h a t a t s t e a d y - s t a t e o p e r a t i n g This axial s t r e s s g i v e s

c o n d i t i o n s t h e r e i s an e x t e r n a l bending moment such t h a t t h e a x i a l s t r e s s i n t h e a t t a c h e d p i p e i s 7500 p s i . 617 p s i a s t h e i n p u t v a l u e f o r PBE f o r example 4 ( b ) , as shown below:

PBE = 4 S g / D b o o
=

4 x 7500 x 1.2343/60 = 617 p s i

Output Data Residual Bolt Loads The o u t p u t d a t a f o r example 4 ( a ) a r e shown i n Table A . 8 . o u t p u t d a t a s t a r t s with a p r i n t o u t of a l l i n p u t d a t a . by r e s i d u a l b o l t l o a d s and moments (Table A.8b). The r e s i d u a l b o l t load i s given by W2 = 3.585 x l o 6 l b . The c r i t The

The p a r a m e t e r s

involved i n t h e b o l t - l o a d - c h a n g e c a l c u l a t i o n s a r e t h e n p r i n t e d , followed

i c a l b o l t l o a d , d e r i v e d from Eq. (A.2), i s W

lo6 lb.

Accordingly, t h e r e s u l t s of example 4 ( a ) i n d i c a t e t h a t an

= nG2 p / 4 = 3.584 x 0

i n i t i a l b o l t s t r e s s of 46,100 p s i i s s u f f i c i e n t f o r t h e j o i n t t o p a s s a h y d r o s t a t i c t e s t t o 1080 p s i , a l b e i t with no margin of s a f e t y .

Table A.7. Card No. ITYPE 1

Input data for tapered-hub-to-tapered-hub flanged joint, examplesa 4a and 4b Variables and numerical values IBOND
0

Read format 415

ICODE
0

MATE 2
go

73.9375 XMOA

57.5314 EF

5.9375

gl

1.2343

2.7030 G

5.4362

69.4375

1080.

2.1500D+7 BSIZE 2.25

6. D-6
3. D+7

DELTA^
.Ol EB
6. D-6

(300.)

8E10.5

YM 3. D+7
TB TG
0 0

62.625 XGO
65.

5E10.5 60.25 PBE (617.)

3 . D+7

YB YG

XG I

vo

136.92

AB

7E10.5 6E10.5

EG
6. D-6

FACE
0

.0625 w1

3. D+6

6.3120D+6

TF

0
~~

TFP
0

aValues in parentheses are for example 4b.

_ -

(2.25D+7)

3. D+7

YF2

(2.25D+7)

3 . D+7

YFP2

YB2

(2.25D+7)

(2.25D+6)

3 . D+6

YG2

7E10.5

bSince DELTA cannot be entered as zero, 0.01 was used as a satisfactorily small value.

T a b l e A.8a.

Output d a t a f o r example 4 ( a ) , i d e n t i c a l p a i r of t a p e r e d - h u b f l a n g e s , w i t h i n i t i a l b o l t s t r e s s o f 46,100 p s i

O.D.,A

FLANGE 73.93750

FLANGE I.D.,B

57.53140

FLANGE H U B AT PIPE THICK.,T WALL.GO BASE,Gl 5.93750 1.23430 2.70300

LENGTH,H 5.43620 ITYPE 1

TB

HUB

BCLT PRESSURE, CIRCLL,C P 69.43750 1080.000

IBOND ICODE

COEFP. OF DELTA U O D . OF R E A N GASKET THERflAL EXP. ELASTICITY DIAMETER 2.150D 0 7 6.000D-06 1.000D-02 3.000D 0 7 6.263D 0 1 UOUENT BSIZE 2.2500D 0 0 VO 6.2500D-0 2 I41 6.3120D 0 6
YB
YG

MATE 2
XGI

3.0000D 0 7 3.0000D 0 6

0.0

TP

EB 6.0000D- 0 6 EG 6.0000D-06 T PP 0.0

0.0
0.0

TG 07

YF 2 3.0000D

6.5000D 0 1 FACE 0.0 Y FP2 3.0000D 0 7

X GO

6.0250D 0 1 YE2 3.0000D 07 0.0

PBE

A0 1.3692D 0 2 YG2 3.0000D

06

FLANGE J O I N T BOLT LOAD C H A N G E D U E TO APPLIED LOADS. FLANGE J O I N T S I D E ONE QFHG= i . i 9 6 a ~ - o g QPHG= YM = 3.0000D 07 (PRIUED QUANTITIES)
QTHG=

IDENTICAL PAIR

8.0422~-06 YF2 =

3.0000D 0 7

9.559013-05 EP =

XB =

5.75318 6.0000D-06

01

GO=

1.23631) 0 0

TH

5.9375D

00

FLANGE J O I N T SIDE TU0 (UNPRIUED QUANTITIES) QFHG= i . i 9 6 8 ~ - 0 9 QPHG= Y H = 3.0000D 0 7 BOLTING BOLT LE N G T H = 1.4188D 0 1 YB = 3.0000D 07 GASKET
VO YG

8 . 0 4 2 2 ~ - 0 6 QTRG= 9 . 5 5 9 0 ~ - 0 5 YP2 = 3.0000D 0 7 EP =

X B = 5 . 7 5 3 1 ~ 01 6.0000D-06

GO=

1.2343D

00

TR

5.9375D

00

BOLT A R E A = 1.3692D 02 YE2 = 3.0000D 0 7

BOLT CIRCLE= 6.9438D E B = 6.0000D-06

01

6.2500D-02 = 3.0000D

06

XGO

6.5000D 0 1 X G I = 6.0250D 0 1 YG2 = 3.0000D 06 E G = 6.OOOOC-06

Table A . 8 b

(continued)

LOADINGS INITIAL BOLT LOAD= 0.0 GASKET TEHP.= 6.3120D 0 6 BOLT TEHP.= 0.0 DELTA= 1.0000D-02 DELTAP= FLANGE O N E TERP.= 0.0 1.0000D-02 PRESSURE= FLANGE T U 0 TERP.= 1.0800D 03 0.0

RESIDUAL BOLT LOADS AFTER THERMAL-PRESSURE LCADS AXIAL THERRAL,WZA= TOTAL PRESSURP,UZC=
COMBINED,UZ=

6.3120D 3.58520

06 06

OORENT SHIFT,U2@=

5.0760D 0 6 6.3118D 06

DELTA THERIAL,HZD=

3.5850D 0 6 W1-H28= U2B/W1= 1.236OD 06 8.0418D-01 Ul-Y2C= U2C/U1= 2.7268D 0 6 5.6799D-01 Vl-W2D=
UZD/Ul=

Wl-U2A= YZA/Wl=

0.0

1.6408D 0 2 9.9997D-01

Ul-Y2= U2/Yl=

2.7270D 0 6 5.6796D-01

1.0000D 00

I N I T I A L A N D RESIDUAL flOHENTS AFTER THERMAL ERESSURE LOADS.

HI=
H2BP=

2.1500D

07

N2A=

2.1500D 07

H2B=

2.3369D 07

R2C=

1.8291D 07

12D=

2.1500D

07

N2=

1.8290D 0 7

2 . 3 3 6 9 0 07

fl2CP=

1.8291D 0 7

12P=

1.8290D 07

Table A. 8c

(continued)

TAPERED H O B FLANGE

CALCULATIONS FOR RORENT L O A D I N G SLSO= SLLO=

STH=

4.2273D 04 4.2951D 2.0499D

SLSI= -4.2273D SLLI= -4.2951D STF= -3.3907D

Z C = -4.4850D-02

04 04 04

SCSO= SCLO=
SRH=

3.6258D

04

SCSI=

1.089413 04

04
04

1.2885D 0 4 1.5492D 0 4

S C L I = -1.2885D SRF= -1.2197D 2.2606D-02

04 04
1.6524D-18
THETA= -7.4448D-03

ZG= -1.9118D-02

QFHG=

2.5732D-02

Yo=

Yl=

CALCULATICNS FOR PRESSURE L O A D I N G

SLSO=

2.129011 0 4 2 . 7 9 6 7 8 03 1.39972, 04

SLSI=
SLLI=

3.8794D

03

SCSO= SCLO=

2.1596D 8.3902D

04

SCSI= SCLI=

1.6373D 04 2.60901) 0 3 4.0556D 02 6.0715D-18

THETA= -2.7132D-03

SLLO=
STH=

8.6968D 0 3 03

02
03 YO=

STF= -1.6503D

SRH= -3.4397D
8.68568-03

SRF=

co

ZG= -6.7671D-03

ZC= -1.5453D-02

QPHG=

1.4584D-02

Y 1=

CALCOLATICNS F O R TERPERATURE L O A D I N G SLSO= 1.2228D 00 SLSI= -1.2228D SLLI=

00

SCSO=

1.0649D-01

S C S I = -6.2722D-01

SLLO= -1.3977D-01
STH=

1.3977D-01

SCLO= -1.8419D

00

SCLI= -1.7581D
SRP=

00

1.1087D 00

STF= -6.1330D-01

SRA= -2.7247D-01 9.5590D-07

1.5072D-01 Y 1= -1.7259D-06 =
THETA= -2.9860D-07

Z G = -7.4476D-07

ZC= -1.7007D-06

QPHGt

Y O = -2.4965D-07

CALCULATIONS FOR C O R B I N E D LOADING,H2 O R U2P FOR ITYPE=l OR 2 , SLSO=

%LO=

U2 FOR ITYPE=3, 2.5640D 04 03 03

1.8290D 0 7

5.7253D 0 4 3.9335D 04 3.14361) 04

S L S I = -3.2083D SLLI= -2.7841D STF= -3.0496D

ZC= -5.3608D-02

04
04 04

SCSOr
SCLO=

5.2441D 0 4 1.1799D 0 4 9.7386D

SCSI=

SCLI= -8.3541D

STH=

SRH=

03

ZG= -2.3032D-02

QPHGS

3.0576D-02

YO=

SRP= -9.9698D
3.3814D-02

Y1= -1.7259D-06

THETA= -9.0466D-03

89

identical in format to Table A.8 for example 4(a). lower in example 4(b) load for example 4(b) is given by W2 than in 4(a),
=

The output data for example 4(b) are shown in Table A.9, which is 3.2718 x l o 6 lb. The pressure is The residual bolt

moment PBE.

makes the effect of the equivalent pressure correspond to the external to prevent leakage by an extension of the concept of the initial bolt load Wc, which was discussed in the previous section. We made the

decrease which, by itself, makes W2

but there is a modulus-of-elasticity

=

W1 x 2.25 x 107/(3 x lo7) and

We can check to see if the residual bolt load is sufficient

conservative assumption that the maximum tensile stress due to the circumference) acts around the complete circumference of the pipe.
CY

external bending moment (which exists only at one point on the pipe

value of W

the sum of E q . (A.2) and the axial load due to the bending moment; thus
T r 2 Wc=G p + A S , 4 0 P b

the critical bolt load to prevent gross leakage, is then

The

where

For example 4(b), E q . (A.5) gives: wc

= i =
/ T r
\
-

S b

= n(B =

go) g o

cross-sectional area of attached pipe, and

axial stress in attached pipe due to an external moment.

x 6S2 x 3 0 0 )

.+

(n x 58.7657 x 1.2343 x 7500)

2.7045 x
=

l o 6 lb .

moment giving both an axial bending stress of 7500 psi in the attached pipe of 1.2343-in. wall thickness and an internal pressure of 300 psi. undergo significant relaxation due to creep in the flanges and bolts, At 850"F, the carbon-steel flanges and bolts would be expected to

46,100 psi can carry, at least for a short time at 850"F, an external

results indicate that the flanged joint with an initial bolt stress of

Because W2

3.2718 x lo6 lb is greater than W C = 2.7045 x lo6 lb, the

Table A.9a. Output d a t a f o r example 4 ( b ) , i d e n t i c a l p a i r o f tapered-hub f l a n g e s , s t e a d y - s t a t e o p e r a t i o n a t 300 p s i and 850'F

FLANGE
O.D.,A

73.93750

FLANGE I.D.,B 57.53140

FLANGE PIPE HUB A T THICK.,T WhLL,GO BASE,Gl 5.93750 1.23430 2.70300

HUB LENGTH,H 5.43620

BCL T PRESSURE, CIRCLE,C P 69.43750 300.000 IBOND

ICODE

HOHENT

2.150D

COEFF. O F DELTA R O D . OF HEAN GASKET THERIAL EXP. ELASTICITY D I AHETER 0 7 6.000D-06 1.000D-02 3.000D 0 7 6.263D 0 1
YB 3.0000D
YG

ITYFE 1 TB

URTE

0
X GO

2
XGI

BSIZE 2.2500D

6.2500D-0 2 W 1 6.3120D 0 6

vo

00

07

6.0000D-06 6.0000D-06 TPP 0.0

EG

EB

3.0000D 0 6 TF 0.0

TG 0.0 YP2 2.2500D

0.0

07

6.5000D 0 1 FACE 0.0 Y PP2 2.2500D 0 7

6.0250D 0 1 PEE 6.1700D 0 2 YE2 2.2500D 0 7

AB 1.3692D 0 2

YG2 2.2500D

07
u3 0

FLANGE JOINT BOLT LOAD C H A N G E D U E TO APPLIED LOADS, IDENTICAL PAIR FLbNGE J O I N T S I D E ONE (PRIIED QUANTITIES) QFHG= 1.1968D-09 QPHG= y n = 3 . 0 0 0 0 ~ 07 1.1968D-09 QPAG= Y I = 3.0000D 07 BOLTING BOLT LENGTH= 1.4188D 0 1 Y E = 3.0000D 0 7 GASKET
VO
YG

8.0422D-06 YF2 =

QTHG= 9.5590D-05 2.2500D 0 7 EF =

X B = 5.7531D 6.00COD-06

01

GO=

1.2343D 00

TH

5 . 9 3 7 5 D 00

FLPNGE J O I N T SIDE T W O (ONPRIIED QUANTITIES) QPHG= 8.0422D-06 YF2 = QTHG= 9.559OD-05 2.25001, 07 EP =
XB =

5.7531D 6.0000D-06

01

GO=

1.2343D 00

TH

5 . 9 3 7 5 D 00

BOLT A R E A = 1.3692D 0 2 YB2 = 2.2500D 07

BOLT CIRCLE= 6.9438D E B = 6.0000D-06

01

6.2500D-02 XGO = = 3.0000D 06

6.5000D 0 1 X G I = 6.0250D 0 1 YG2 = 2.2500D 0 7 EG = 6.0000D-06

Table A. 9b

(continued)

LOADINGS
I N I T I A L BOLT LOAD= GASKET TEMP.= 0 . 0

6.3120D 06 BOLT TEMP.= 0.0 DELTA= 1.0000D-02 DELTAF=

FLANGE O N E TEMP.= 0.0 1.00COD-02 PRESSURE=

FLANGE TWO TEHP.= 3.0000D 0 2

0.0

RESIDUAL B O L T LOADS AFTER THERMAL-PRESSURE LOADS

A X I A L THERMAL,WZA=

6.3120D 0 6

MOMENT SHIPT,HZB=

5.2625D

06

TOTAL PRESSURE,UZC=
COMBINED,YZ=

4.8U84C

06

DELTA THERMAL,W2D=

6.3118D

06

3.2718D 06 Wl-WZB= W2B/Wl= 1.0495D 06 8.337UD-01 YI-W2C= Y2C/Wl= 1.U636D 0 6 7.6813D-01 Ul-W2D= W2D/Yl= 1.6U08D 0 2 9.9997D-01 Wl-U2= U2/U1= 3.0402D 06 5.1835D-01

iil-WZA= U2A/Wl=

0.0

1.0000D 0 0

I N I T I A L A N D RESIDUAL MOMENTS AFTER THERMAL FRESSURE LOADS.

MI=
MZBP=

2.1500D 1:9614C

07
07

M2A=

2.1500D

07

M2B=

1.9614D 0 7

M2C=

1.8203D 07

M2D=

2.1500D 0 7

M2=

1.2833D

07

M2CP=

1.8203D 0 7

M2P=

1.28330 07

Table A . 9c

(continued)

TAPERED R U B FLANGE CALCULATICNS FOR PIOHENT L O A D I N G

SLSO=

4.2273D 4.2951D

04
04

SLST= -4.2273D SLLI= -4.29511) STF= -3.3907D

ZC= -4.4850D-02

04 04 04

SCSO=
SCLO=

3.62581, 1.2885D

04 04

SCSI=

1.08941) 04 04
04

SLLO= STH=

S C L I = -1.2885D

2 . 0 4 9 9 0 04

SRH=

1.5492D 0 4

SRF= -1.2197D 2.2606D-02

ZG= -1.9118D-02

QFHG=

2.5732D-02

Yo=

Y1=

1.6524D-18

THETA= -7.4448D-03

CALCULATIONS FOR PRESSURE L O A D I N G SLSO= SLLO= STH= 5.914OD 0 3 7.768713 02 SLSI= SLLI= 1.0776D 0 3 2.4158D
SCSO=

5.9990D 0 3 2.3306D 0 2 02

SCSI= SCLI=
SRF=

4.5481D

03

03
02

SCLO=

7.2473D 02 1.1266D 02

3.888013 0 3

STY= -4.5841D

SRR= -9.5549D 2.4127D-03

ZG= -1.8798D-03

ZC= -4.2924D-03

QPHGS

Yo=

4.0510D-03

Y1=

8.6736D-19

THETA= -7.5365D-04

CALCULATIONS FOR TERPERATURE LOADING SLSO= 1.22283) 00 S L S I = -1.2228D SLLI=

00

SCSO=

1.0649D-01

S C S I = -6.2722D-01 S C L I = -1.758113 SRF=

SLLO= -1.3977D-C1 STH= 1.1087D 00

1.3977D-01

SCLO= -1.8419D SRH= -2.72471)-0 9.5590D-07

00
1

00

STF= -6.1330D-01
Z C = -1.7007D-06

1.507223-01
Y I = -1.7259D-06

Z G = -7.U476D-07

QPHGZ

Y O = -2.4965D-07

THETA= -2.9860D-07 1.283313

CALCULATIONS FOR COlBINED L O A D I N G , B 2

SLSO=

O R U2P FOR ITYPE=l OR 2,

SCSO=

1 2 FOR ITYPE=3, 1.1050D 04 03

07

3.1147D 2.64131)

OU

S L S I = -2.4156D SLLI= -2.3221D STFF -2.0698D ZC= -3.1064D-02

04
04

2.76411)

04

SCSI=

SLLO= STH=

04

SCLO= SRH-

7.92228 0 3 8.2910D 03

SCLI;: -6.9680D

1.6125D 0 4

04

SRF= -7.1671D
1.75041)-02

03
THETA= -5.1976D-03

Z G = -1.3292D-02

QFHG=

1.7772D-02

YO=

Y I = -1.7259D-06

93

particularly with the high bolt stresses and flange stresses involved in example 4(b). expect the flanges and/or bolts to creep so that a residual bolt stress
=

For long-term service (many years) at 850F, one might 2000 x 136.92
=

of around 20,000 psi would exist, at which time W2 2.7384 x lo6 lb. Because this is larger than W
C

obtained from E q . (A.5), indications are that the flanged joint could margin of safety. still carry the external moment and pressure, albeit with almost no

2.7045 x l o 6 lb

where S = relaxed bolt stress, assumed here to be 20,000 psi. 'brAb ' br The permanent loss in bolt load, in this example, is 3.2718 x l o 6 to pass a hydrotest of 1080 psi, but it is extremely unlikely such a 20,000 x 136.92
=

then the bolt load does not return to its initial value upon returning to initial conditions. The permanent l o s s in bolt load would be W2 -

It should be noted that, if b o l t s relax in high-temperature service,

533,400 lb. The load is theoretically not sufficient

hydrotest would be required for a system operating at 300 psi and 850'F. Flange Stresses 4(b), Tables A.8c and A.9c show the flange stresses for examples 4(a) and respectively. The maximum calculated stress occurs in example
=

pressure loading only (first two groups of stresses), but rather it is

not the sum of the stresses due to initial moment loading only plus

4(a) where SLSO

57,253 psi for combined loadings. Note that this is

the stress due to the moment as changed by pressure, M2 = M2P = 1.829 x

l o 7 in.-lb, plus the stress due to pressure only.

are strong enough to pass the hydrostatic test. To pursue this question, it is appropriate to tabulate the tangential and radial stresses at initial and pressurized conditions: Condition Initial STH 20,499

The question arises as to whether the flanges in the flanged joint

STF -33,907

SRH
15,492 9,739

SRF -12,197 -9,970

Pressurized

31,436

- 30,496

94
I t should b e noted t h a t t h e s t r e s s e s a r e , i n l a r g e p a r t , bending stresses. Before l a r g e p l a s t i c deformations o c c u r , t h e s e s t r e s s e s must r e a c h about where S i s t h e y i e l d s t r e n g t h of t h e f l a n g e m a t e r i a l . F u r t h e r , Y Y high s t r e s s e s i n t h e hub w i l l n o t l e a d t o l a r g e p l a s t i c deformations if 1.5s t h e r e i s r e s e r v e s t r e n g t h i n t h e f l a n g e r i n g as i n d i c a t e d by r e l a t i v e l y low t a n g e n t i a l and r a d i a l s t r e s s e s . If t h e capability f o r calculating t h e s e s t r e s s e s has been a t t a i n e d , t h e n e x t l o g i c a l s t e p i s t o conduct an e x t e n s i v e s t u d y t o develop s u i t a b l e d e s i g n c r i t e r i a f o r s t r e s s l i m i t s i n flanged j o i n t s . conditions: Stress L o n g i t u d i n a l hub stresses R a d i a l stress o r t a n g e n t i a l s t r e s s Averages of r a d i a l o r t a n g e n t i a l s t r e s s and l o n g i t u d i n a l hub stress U n t i l such a s t u d y i s conducted, however, t h e f o l l o w i n g

l i m i t s are suggested as a p p r o p r i a t e f o r stresses under h y d r o s t a t i c t e s t

Limit
<1.5s

<S - Y <S
- Y

The above c r i t e r i o n makes t h e average of SLSO and STH under p r e s s u r i z e d conditions [ i . e . , 1/2(5.7253 x

lo4

3.1436 x

lo4)

= 44,344 p s i ] t h e

c o n t r o l l i n g s t r e s s and i n f e r s t h a t t h e f l a n g e d j o i n t i s a c c e p t a b l e , provided t h e f l a n g e - m a t e r i a l y i e l d s t r e n g t h i s n o t l e s s t h a n 44,344 p s i . Dimlacements I n t i g h t e n i n g t h e b o l t s t o 46,100 p s i , t h e q u e s t i o n a r i s e s as t o whether t h e f l a n g e s w i l l r o t a t e so t h a t c o n t a c t o c c u r s on t h e o u t e r edge. Table A.8c shows v a l u e s o f THETA, t h e r o t a t i o n of t h e r i n g a t t h e An e s t i m a t e * of t h e displacement o f t h e mean r a d i u s o f t h e p i p e wall.

r i n g edge w i t h r e s p e c t t o t h e g a s k e t c e n t e r l i n e can b e o b t a i n e d by

The deformation of t h e r i n g i s n o t e x a c t l y l i n e a r a c r o s s t h e r i n g , b u t i n t h i s example i t i s s u f f i c i e n t l y c l o s e t o l i n e a r .

95

m u l t i p l y i n g 'THETA by ( A - G ) / 2 , and g a s k e t c e n t e r l i n e .
THETA = -9.0466 x

t h e r a d i a l d i s t a n c e between t h e r i n g edge

I n example 4 ( a ) , A = 73,9375, G = 62.625, and under combined l o a d i n g ; t h e minus s i g n means t h a t The

x (73.9375 -

loe3

t h e r o t a t i o n i s such t h a t c l e a r a n c e i s reduced a t t h e o u t e r edge. displacement o f A w i t h r e s p e c t t o C i s 9.0466 x 62.625)/2 = 0.0512 i n .

Because API-605 f l a n g e s have 1 / 1 6 - i n . r a i s e d The

f a c e s , t h e o u t e r edges of t h e f l a n g e s w i l l not c o n t a c t each o t h e r . c l e a r a n c e w i l l t h e n be (0.0625 - 0.0512) x 2 = 0.0056 i n . p l u s t h e t h i c k n e s s of t h e g a s k e t .

96

COMPUTER TIME The six examples discussed in this appendix were run on Battelle's

CDC 6400 computer and also on ORNL's IBM 360/91.

deck (converted to double precision for use on the IBM machine) has 1583 cards. The total length of the program is 80K bytes (10,240 actual

The IBM FORTRAN source

words), and it needs no auxiliary storage devices except standard read has a compilation time of 19.4 sec. The total execution time for the six examples was 1.15 sec. and write units. The program requires 270K bytes for compilation and

97

APPENDIX B FLOWCHARTS AND L I S T I N G OF COMPUTER PROGRAM FLANGE AND ATTENDANT S U B R O U T I N E S

99
APPENDIX B

CONTENTS
Page
1. 2.

Flowcharts of Program FLANGE and A t t e n d a n t S u b r o u t i n e s L i s t i n g of Program FLANGE and Attendant S u b r o u t i n e s

. .

. .

101

. . . . . .

114

101
ORNL-DWG

75-4300

START

Read ITYPE, IBOND, ICODE, MATE

STOP

Call TAPHUB

Call BLIND

Call STHUB

= 1.2.4. 6

=S

Relabels calculated data to identify it as belonging to first of pair of flanges. First flange is a blind flange.

Relabels calculated data to identify it as belonging to first of pair of flanges. First flange is not a blind flange

F i g . B. 1.

Program FLANGE.

102
ORNL-DWG 75-430fR

5
ldllLI\1

(3

Fig. B.2.

S u b r o u t i n e TAPHUB ( P a r t

1 ) .

103

P
,BOND GT 2'

ORNL-DWG 75-4302R

Calculate ASME-Code

5tresser

a
Gt 1'

Call S T O R t

h
F i g . B.2.
S u b r o u t i n e TAPHUB ( P a r t 2 ) .

104

O R N L - D W G 75-4303R

Call STORE

Fig. B.2.

Subroutine TAPHUB ( P a r t 3 ) .

105
ORNL- DWG 7 5 - 4 3 0 4

Read XA. XB, TH. GO.

G I , HL. C.PRESS

Print XA. XB. TH. GO. G I , HL, C,PRESS

Read XMOA. EF, DELTA, YM. C

prmt XMOA, EF. DELTA, YM. G . ITWE, IBOND. ICODE, MATE

~ u3, u33. l U 3 4 accordingly ~ ~

u3. u33. u34 = 0

Calculate the coefficients of the SIX unknowns in t h e s m u l t a n e u u s e q u a t l u n set

No (ICODE = 2)

I
Fig. B.3. S u b r o u t i n e STHUB (Part 1 ) .

106
O R N L - D W G 75-430%

Fig. B . 3 .

S u b r o u t i n e STHUB ( P a r t 2 ) .

107

O R N L - DWG 75 - 4 3 0 6 R

HL C PRtSS

Print X A . X B . T H . G O . C I . HL. C . PRESS

Yes (ICODt

2)

Nu (ICODt
Read XMOA. t F . DELTA YM C

01

RI.TLIKN

Pnnt XMOA. t F . DtLTA YM. ITYPt. IBOND. ITODE. MATt

(7.

Caliulrre value\ o1 C. m d G

D.XA.

Cal~ulaie L I X ~ ~ I L I C I I I I ,,I Ihe n~ne unknowni an thc

,,,n"ltd"eO"s

1
I

cqilatlon VI

I
Call ASMEIN

RtTUKN

' k

Fig. B.4.

Subroutine BLIND.

108
O R N L - D W G 75-4307

Kead XM. Y. GO11T. GIK. S B . S A . AB. INBO. BO

Print XM. Y. GOUT, GIN. SB. SA. A B

BO

= (GOUT

GIN)/4

Use input BO

Set D (gasket diameter) r n d B rccordingly

Set

D (gasket diameter) and B accordingly

Calculate ASME-Code

SIEPE~S

Print out B O . W M I I . W M 1 2 . WMI. S B I . WM2. SB?

Print MOP. MGS. and MGSl

~-

For Blind Flange

- -

- - - - --

Calculate SP. S W I , SOP, SW2.SGS

I
I

Print SP. SW I , SOP. SW2. SGS

Fig. B . 5 .

Subroutine ASMEIN.

109

z
START

ORNL- DWG 75 - 4 3 0 8 ~

Read BSlZt YH. t R . TB. xco XGI. AH. VO YC EC TG FACE. PBE. W I . T F . TFP YF?.YFPZ.YB? YG?

XGI. AB. VO. Y G t C . T(. FACE.PBE W I TF TFP YF?.YFP2 YB?.YL!

Fig. B.6.

S u b r o u t i n e FLGDW ( P a r t 1 ) .

110
ORNL-DWG

75-4309R

\
\
\

Print: FLANGE JOINT SIDE ONE (PRIMED QUANTITIES), QFHGP, QPHGP, QTHGP, BP, GOP, THP, YFP, YFP2, EFP

/
/
/

I Calculate ratios of final

t o initial bolt loads Print: BOLTING, XLB, AB, C, YB, YB2, EB

Print: FLANGE JOINT SIDE TWO (UNPRIMED QUANTITIES) , QFHG, QPHG,QTHG, B, GO, T H , Y F , Y F 2 , E F

in bolt loads W1 - W2A, W1-W2B, WI-WZC, W1 W2D, W1 W2

~ ~

L
Calculate change in bolt loads

P
1

Print. GASKET, VO, XGO, XGI, YG, YG2, EG

Print ratios of final t o initial bolt loads W2A/W1, W2B/W1, W2C/W1. W2D/W1, W2/W1

Print: LOADINGS, WI, TB, T F , TFP, TG, DELTA, DELTAP. P

Calculate residual moments for second side of flanged joint

Print: RESIDUAL BOLT LOADS AFTER THERMAL-PRESSURE LOADS, W2A, W2B, W2C, W2D, W2

Print residual moments for second side of flanged joint MI, M2A, M2B, M2C, M2D, M2

/ 1
Calculate residual moments for first side of flanged joint

Print residual moments for first side of flanged joint M2BP, M2CP, M2P

Fig. B . 6.

Subroutine FLGDW ( P a r t 2 ) .

111

ORNL-DWG 7 5 - I4884

Store appropriate stresses for tapered-hub flange

Store a p p opriate ~ stresses f o r blind flange

1
Store appropriate stresses for straight-hub flange

2 3
RETURN

F i g . B. 7 .

Subroutine STORE.

Print "TAPERED HUB FLANGE"

Print "CALCULATIONS 'OR MOMENT LOADING"

I ' m S U O , S U I , ScSO, SCSI, SLLO, SLLI, SCLO, SCLI, STH, STF. SRH, SRF. ZG, ZC. QFHG,

HUB FLANGE"

\
( +

Print S U O . SUI, SCSO. SCSI. STH. STF. SRH. SRF. ZC,'ZC. QFHG, YO. THETA ( f r v m STORE) Prmt S U O , SUI,SCSO. SCSI, SLLO, SLLI. SCLO, SCLI, STH, STF, SRH. SRF, ZG, ZC. QFHG, YO, Y I , THETA (from STORE)

112
RETURN

ORNL- DWG 75-14885

Print "CALCULATIONS FOR BOLT LOADING"

No

Print SORT, SGR, SGT. SCR, SCT, SAT. ZC

Print "CALCULATIONS FOR P n E s w n f . LOADING"

Print SORT, SGR, SGT, x n . SCT, SAT, zc

RETURN

Print "CALCULATIONS FOR PRESSURE LOADING"

Calculate combined-loadng Etiesses and displacement

Print "CALCULATIONS FOR TEMPERATURE LOADING"

Prmt SLSO. S U I . SCSO. SCSI, STH, STF, SRH. SRF. ZG, ZC. QFHL. YO. THtTA (trom STORE)

Print S U O , S U I , SCSO. SCSI, SLLO. SLLI, SCLO, SCLI. STH, STF, SRH, SRF, ZG. ZC, QFHG,

Print "CALCULATIONS FOR TEMPERATURE LOADING"

RETURN

Print S U O . SUI. SCSO. SCSI, STH, STF, SRH. SRF. ZG, ZC, QFHG, YO, THETA (from STORE)

1
I

Fig. B.8.

Subroutine COMBIN ( P a r t 1).

O R N L - DWG 75- 14883

R tT [I RN

C O M B l N t D LOADING, M ? OK M?P FOR ITYPt = I OR ?. w? FOR ITYPE = 3 = ~'

SCR, SCT. SAT. ZC

:--2 or 6

R~TURN

=:orb

Fig. B.8.

b u b r o u t i n e COMBIN ( P a r t 2 ) .

../

- 1

' i

rz

..
c3 m
d
- 1

c,
n

r,
t'
C
CL'
k

>

., <.

i :

>

0 rn
0

2
v)

0 C

115
3 L L T A P = P < LTA

10 RETUSN

^Jo

IT = IrYPE
TO
1

TLA

31 ?LA 518 FLh 52 01-27-75 FLR FLk FLA

11 F O k M A ? 1 2 FOR?lAT

z ND

(151) (415)

FLA

54

55 56
57

DiI1ELSiI)N k ( 1 0 , 1 0 ) , d(1C). LTEMP(10), L ? ~ ? ( l o ) , LPC(1d). dfl(jd,ld) " k P 0 D I S E N S I O ! v S B ( E , 18) , S C 1 k) iAP 7ir A . , L, P ti Z S 5 , A bS , ix32 , C 1, ~13.2 4 , Y M ,TAL' C: 0MY.O N I T YPP ,i BC N E , I C CD b, n AT E ,X A, X u, i 1 AE, k F tin ( 4 ) ,AL , 3 E i ?A, XMO ,XMOA ,QFHGP, dPflG P, C Y H G ? , b r , o J 2 , I d P , Y F Z , E F?, 1hP 10 ~ A P 12 23 E L TA P ,G 0 UT ,G IEr , i CG TAP 7A 3 , S L S O ,S;SI ,SL S C ,SCSi , S L i O ,S I L i , S C L 3 , 3 CL i, S: H U,S? F,ST;h, SF F, Z 3 , Z C , $ F h G , Y O , Y 1 , 7 1 , ' i r i Z T h , S O n r ,SGa , S G L , > L S , J L ? , S ~ Z ? L AP 7b s,w2 ,wi . ~ B , K A , I ~ , X ~ ~ , X ~ ~ . X ~ ~ ~ ?AP 7C L Ti E ?I? / 1 3* c / , L?I / 1 c- o/ ,LP, / l d o/ , P a/ 1 u LJ -0. / D A? h A/ 10 c* 0. /, E/ 10- 0 ./,
Z AP

S Ub F O UTINZ TA E H U B ?HI5 CALCULATION is FOR I T Y P E = 1 , i i i P c 2 E U H U B F L A J u E 3 I M ? Li C; T 3,EAL+8 ( 8-3 ,C- Z )

2 AP 2 2 A2 4 G 1- 2 8-7 5

TAP
? AP

14

TA ?

TA? T AP 2 AP TAP

:AP

20 2.2 24 26 2d
30 32

16 18

FA? IhP r AP TAP

?

TAP AP

, "

TAP AP PAP TAP I ' AP

34 A 36 38 40 42 44

48 A

46

r AP

50 52
54 56 58

YhP , " AP I'AP T Ai? r AP TAP

60 62 64

r AP r Ai?
TAT 1 AP
:A?

70 72A
7 4

06 68

A : P

2 hP

r AP
h?

76 78 80 82
d4

i AP

36

116
T24=T20*T4 TAP T ~ = 2T 4*r 4 TAP T 3 L =T28*T4 TAP C * * COBR. T O CAFD5 T b P S 4 - 1 4 9 OF SUBR. ' I A ? H U B , 0 2 - 2 7 - 7 5 . a E R X = . 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 i4DO-156.2499999995701DO*T4+67A. 1 6 8 4 0 7 ~ 6 6 i 09 1 D O * T T AP 1 8 - 4 7 0 . 9 5 0 2 7 9 5 889968DO*T12 +93.8596692971726DO*T16- 7 . 2 4 2 2 5 6 7 2 7 U ~ 0 7 D OTAP 2* T LO+ . 2 59 7 7 7 3 G O 07 LG*T 2 4-. C C 48 9 8 7 1 2 5 7 2 7D O* '12 8+ . O Ob O> 1 b 0 7 0 4 6 3 Db T 32 AP B ? X X=-'IL* ( - 2 4 . 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 8 LO + 4 3 4 . 0 2 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 4 8 D O * T 4 - 6 7 8 . 1 6 8 4 0 2 7 7 6 9 4 A P 1 3 0 7 C O * T B + P U O . 2 8 6 7 f 4 9 4 4 2 5 7 4 D C c 1 1 2 - 2 8 . 9 6 9 0 3 3 d 7 8 6 4 9 9 D u * 1 1 6 +1 .U9b 3 3 4 2 7 r AP 249742DC*T20- . 0 3 d 4 i 8 8 2 8 2 534CC*T24+ . 0 0 3 5 4 4 4 2 4 3 1 7 5 DO*Tdd-. 4 4 9 1 i i ~ - 5 * 1 3 T AP 42 1 TAP DBi?FX=T3* (-62.499599J599399DO+542.534722222.2141EO*~4-505. lU3335047TAP 19486D O * T 8 + 1 5 0 . 1 7 5 4 7 1 8 4 3 2 2 7 8 EO *T 1 2 - 1 4. U845 1694Yd40 3 3 0 * T 1 6 + . 6 L347263TAP 2 4 8 2 4 3 D W T 50-. 0 1 j 7 2 4 6 0 3 6 13D C * T 2 4 + . 1 7 0 1 4 5 3 4 5 1D-3*Tk E-. lL50604bD-5*'23TBP 32 1 r AP DE P I X = - W ( - 4 . 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 9 9 9 99 3 C O + 260. 4 1 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 5 5 3 3DO* ' I4 - 6 7 8 . 1 0 8 4 0 2 7 747TAP 1539DO*T8+336. ' 9 3 0 E 6 4 0 2 3 6 5 1 D W 1 1 2 - 5 2 . 1 4 4 2 6 C H 9 7 5 9 0 5 D J * T l b + 3 . ~ 9 l Y 3 5 i l P A P ~08579D C* T20-. 0 9 9 9 14 7 0 6 4 93 2 CO*Y24 t . 3 0 1 6 3 31 1 0 0 8 3 7 DO *12a-. 0 O U 3 l b L 2 6 9 8 1 A? 384DO*T32) FA? R 1X=T2* ( 2 4 . 9 9 9 9 9 9 5 9 9 9 S 9 3 D C - 1 9 5 . 7 1 7 5 9 2 5 9 2 4 F 6 6 D @cP4 + 1 5 U d . J 3 4 S 1 3 6 7 3 0 9 ; AP 1 9 2 D 0 * T 8 - 6 2 3 . 0 1 ~ 6 7 1 7 4 0 5 2 0 1 LO*? 1 2 + 6 1 . 9 5 2 4 7 7 1 6 0 6 2 D O * T l o - + . 5 1 8 7 4 5 9 1 3 2 6 T A P 239DO*T 40 +. 1 2 2 2 0 E7 2821 9 L O O * 1 2 4 - - 0 0 1 8 0 6 4 7 1 7 860D O"T2 8,. 1 5 4 3 b j O 47D-4* TAP 3T 32) TAP R2X=T4* ( 2 3 4 . 3 7 5 - 1 4 1 2 . d S 0 8 391203636DO*T4 + I 153. 8 2 8 1 8 > 2 8 1 4 5 0 1 D 3 @ 'r8-25TAP 1 5 . 0 0 7 1 7 4 2 7 1 0 4 79DO+T 12 1 2 1.2 1 2 3 4 5 1 6 6 0 2 3 1D O* 11 6- .806 1 3 ~ 0Y2 7 8 7 6 DO*T20 +P A P 2 . 0 1 5 Y 3 ~ 0 1 4 9 7 0 5 D 0 * 1 2 4 - . C O O 1 7 9 7 6 2 7 9 8 6 C ~ * T 2 8 + . 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 6 1 1 J 9 ~ ~ ~ l ' 3 2 PAP ) DR1 X=T* (4.99Y 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 7 5 CO - 4 7 7 . 4 30 555555 15 'it,CO*T 4 + 15Ud. 4 dq 51 966 5203TAP 15!30*T8-872. 2 1 9 1 4 0 z 6 7 2 4 5 5 D C * ' 1 1 2 + 1 4 1 . 5 1 4 ~ 5 8 5 9 1 3 3 3 7 D 0 * T l b - Y . 94 1 2 4 0 3 2 0 1 A P ,2972 5 D O*TL O + . 3 1 1 7 4 1 8 4 3 1)6 8 6 CO*T 24-. 0 0 5 4 1 6 8 5 5 6 4 0 8DO* TLd+. 0 00 0 5 2 3 2 9 4 3 1 TAP 34r)O*T32) TAP DR2X=T3*(93.7494959999958DC-l 130.2806712S62694DO* 'I4+1394.593822337TAP 1L 4 5 2D O* T 8 4 0 8 1 5 5 4 1 8 8 29 25 7 8 W *T 12 t 4 2.4.2 4 6 90 3 1 3 1 0 8 eDO* 11 b- 1.33 4 7 6 6 9TAP P 2 2 2 9 2 3 7 D O * T 2 0 + . 0 4 4 E263 8 6 2 1 4 5DO*T24-. OC C575 2 0 4 2 2 8 3D O*i'L8+ .O OG064 3 6 8 2 T A 3053DO*'f 3 2 ) ~ A Z E I X= .7 8 5 3 9 81 64 3 9 7 4 5 D O * E E R X + i 3 1X (. 5 7 7 2 1 5 66 49 DO + C 3 ) * b E i X TAP CEBX= +. 7 8 5 3 9 E 1 6 4 59745D C* B E 1 X- A2X- (. 5 7 7 2 1 5 6 6 4 9 D J + i 3 ) *BERX r AP D KE A X = + .7 8 5 3 9 81 64 3 9 7 4 5 DO* L E E I X -D22X ( E E R X /X ) (. 5 7 7.2 1 3 0 5 9 3 D'J +C3 ) *DBT A P 1X E X TAP D R E I X = - . 7 8 5 3 9 E 1 6 4 59 7 4 SD C* D B E a X + D R 1 X- (bLI X/X) (. 57 72 1 5 66 4 9 DJ +C3 ) *D BT A P 1EiX TAP G O 70 6 TAP 5 r=io.o/x r AP Z 1 = (DL XP ( + X / l .4 1 4 2 1 35 6 2 3 7 1DO ) / cj QdT ( 6 . 28 3 1 5 0 3 71 dDO* X) ) TAP C2 = (CEXP( - X / l . 4 1 4 2 1 3 6 2 3 7 1 D O ) * D S Q R ' I ( 1 . 5 7 0 7 S 6 3 2 679DO/X) ) r AP rw S I N 1 = DSI ti ( ( X / l . 11 42 1 3 5 6 2 3 7 1 EO) + ( . 3 9 2 6 9 9 G 8 1 6 99D0 ) ) S I N 2 = DSIlU ( ( X/1. 41 42 1 3 5 6 2 3 7 1 C O ) (. 3 9 2 6 9 9 C 8 1699DO)) TAP IA P COS1 = C C O S ( ( X / l . 1 1 4 2 1 3 5 6 2 3 7 1 D O ) + ( . 3 9 2 6 9 9 C 8 1 6 9 9 D O ) ) :OS2 = DCOS ( ( X/1. 41 42 1 3 5 6 2 3 7 1 C o ) (. 3 9 2 6 9 9 0 8 1 6 9 9 D O ) ) TAP r2=T*T TAP r 3 = ~ 2 * ~ PAP T 4=13* T TAP r 5=r4*r TAP T6=T5*T ~ A T 7 = 7 6 f 'f TAP 28=T7*T 7 AP S = l .+. 0 0 8 8 3 9 8 3 4 6 D O * T + . 7 0-9 *T2 -.OOOJ517869 C3*?3-.0 0301 1L207DO@ TU-. Or AP 1 0 0 0 61 6 192 DO*T5+.135D-d*T6 +.1452D-6'17+. 492D-7*T8 TAP T T = - . 0 088 38 8 3 UO D O * ' I CO C70 3 1 2 4 1D O* r 2 - - G C 0 C5 1 8 O O b D G+ T3 72 D-U*TU + . lr A P 16 4 3 1 OD-5* T5+. 5 9 2 9 L - 6 *T6 +. 7 5 0 3 - 7 *T7-. /43C-7*TB TAP U=l. 0 2 6 5 165C4ODC* I- .dD- 9*TL +.7L5024D- 4 * T 3 + . 1 4 4 2 5 3 - 4 * 1 4 + . 19780D-TAP 15*T 5 - . 1 4 1 D - 7 ~ 1 t-. 1 6 7 1C- E*17-. 563D- 7*T8 TAP V = + - 0 2 6 5 1 6 5 03 4DO* ' I + . 0 0 1 1 7 1 8 7 4 0 D O t T . 2 +. 7 2 5 1 7 9 D-4*T3 +. 79D- 8* T4-. 2001(2TAP 1D-5*T 5-. 699LD-6'T - .@E3D- 6* 1 7 * . 269U- 8*T8 I'AP BEPX=Cl*( ( S C C C . 5 2 ) - ( T i ' * S I N 2 ) ! r AP BEIX=C1* ( ( T T * C O S 2 ) + (S*SINi)) iAP D E C d X=C 1* ( ( U * C O S 1 ) (V*SIN 1) ) TAP 3BEIX=C1* ( ( V r C C S l ) + ( U * S I N l ) ) TAP T= : r AP TL=Zr T TAP T 3 = i 2* ' I TAP

88 90 92
94 k 96A 98 A 1 OOA 102A 104A 1058 106A 1C8A 110A i i i ~ 1 12A 114A 1 16A 117A

-.

-.

118 A 120A 122A 123A 124A 126 A 128A 130A 132A 134A 135A 136A 1 38A 140A IPU I A 142A 1 4 4 ~ 146 A 147A 148 A 149A 150 152 154B 1568 158~ 1608 1628 1648 166 168 170 172 P1 7 4 176 178 183A 182A 184 A 186A 188A 190A 192A 194n 196 198
202 234 206 208

200

117
14=;3*y r5=~44*~ ?6=15*T ?7=T6*T TAP TAP 210 212 214 216 218 223 A 2223 224A 226 A 230A 232 k 234A 23b 238 240 2U2 244 246 2U8 250 252 254 256 258 260 262 264 266 268 272 274 276 278 2d2 284 286 288 290 292 294 296 2'98 330 302 304 3Ob 308 310 112 314 316 318 320 322 324 P 326 328 330 332 334 336 336 342 3114 346 34U

1 AP TAP S = 1 . i . O C R B 3 8 8 ?4oD C* T t .7D- 9* 92-. 51 7869D-Q* T3-. 1 ILL 0 7 3 - 4 * ~ 4 - . 1b 1 9 2 0 - r A? 1 5+T 5 t . 1 3 5 D- 8* 16 i . 1 4 5 2 C-6*T7 + . 4 9 2D-7-T 8 TAP :I'=-. 8 8 3 8 d j 4 D - 2 * l - . 7 0 3 1 L 4 1D-J*T2-. 5 1 8 0 6 6 E - 4 3 T 3-.7 2 3 - 8 * 2 4 + . 1 6 4 3 1 D - S T A P I* T 5 t. 5 9 19 D- 6 r ' I 6 i > 5 C D- 7 I' 7- . i 4 3D- 7* 18 r AP U=l O?c 5 1 6 5 C4 30 *T-. 8D-9 * T 2 i . 7 2 5 0 2 4 C - 4 * T 3 i . 1 4 4 2 5 5 9 - 4 * P 4 i . 1 Y 7 8 3 - 5 * I A P 115-. 147D-7*?6-. 1651D- 6*17-.563D-7*?8 ?AP V =+ - 0L O 5 1 6 5 0 3 4D O* T i . 1 1 7 I d 7 4D- 2 " T Z t . 72 57 79D-4* 23 + .79 3-d* 2+ L d U U 2D -r AP 15*T5- .6992D-b*P6-.883C-6*T7+. 269D-8tTB TAP C t R X = C 2 * ( (S*COSl) +(IT*SIN 1 ) ) ? BP Z L p i X=C 2 ( ( TT*CC S 1 ) ( S * S I N 1) ) TAP DKEi3X=-C2* ( ( U * C O S > ) + ( V * S T N 2 ) ) TAP I AP D K XI X = -C2 * ( ( V * C O S 2 ) ( U * SI It 2) ) 6 ZOYXNCZ TAP I F (J-1) 7.7, 8 TAP TAP 7 ?c=(i./(EHa-i.))-*.5 J =J+1 TAP k ( 1 , l ) =DBSX TAP A (1 , 2 ) =DdEI X TAP k ( 1 , j ) = DK LR X TAP A ( 1 , 4 ) =3KE;X 2 AP A (1 , 5 ) =a. TAP B ( 1 . 6 ) =-PO TAP A (1,7) =O. 7 trP A (1 , 8 ) = C . TAP A (1,9) =o. 2 AP A (1 ,1 0) = O . PAP A ( 2 . 1 ) =-X*BL-X-$.*DBZEX TAP B ( 2 , 2 ) =X' BblX-2. * L D E I X ? AP 4 ( 2 . 3 ) = - X * C i i X-2. * D K F F X TAP li ( 2 , 4 ) =X*CkX-2.+ f K i I X TAP A ( 2 , 5 ) = - ( X * P 0 / ( 2 . **.5)) r AP A ( 2 , 6 ) = A (L,5) TAP k ( 2 , 7 ) =u. i kP A (2 , 8 ) =L?. ZAP A(2,9)=C. TAP A (2,lO) =o. ?Ai? 4 ( 3 , l ) =4. * X * B ti X i R. *D dE iii-X+X *D3EIK IAP A ( 3 , 2 ) = - 4 . + L + E L F X +8.* C K , I X t X * X * D a " X TAP A ( 3 , 3 ) =4. * X * C C I X i E . + D K L S X - X * X * D K E i X AP h ( 3 , 4 ) =-4 . * X * C 2 5 X i A . ' C K ~ i X + X c X ' S K E d X TAP A(3,5)=-X'X*20 r AP A ( 3 , 6 ) =C. TAP A ( 3 . 7 ) -0. TAP A ( 3 , Y ) =c. PAP A (3,9)=0. 1AP A ( 3 , l O ) =o. TAP k ( 4 , l ) =(-X*Ljr.RX+%.*CEEIX) 2AP A (4,L) =(-X*bIX-L.*Di3ERX) PAP A (4,J) = ( - X * C E F i X i 2 .* D K E I X ) TAP r AP it ( 4 , 4 ) = ( - X * CF I X - 2 .*DK 22 X) A ( 4 , 5 ) = A ( 2 ,5) TAP A (4.6) =-A ( 2 . 5 ) TAP A ( 4 , 7 ) =O. YAP A (4 , d ) = C . ~ A A ( 4 , 9 ) =O. TAP A(4,10)=0. TAP X = X * a HC** .5 TAP G O TO 3 TAP r AP tj P O = ( P H O / ( i 3 H O - 1 . ) ) **.s I F (IBOSD-1) 4 , 1 0 , l a TAP

T U

TB=?7*?

.-.

-.

228A

270

2d0

9 111=0.

rJL=O.

U3=0.

TAP TAP TAP

2AP

340

34=0. '35=D.

T kP

118
G O TO 1 1 TAP 10 PHI l=PO*PO r AP P=PPECS TAP XK2=XK*XK TAP Ul=TH/(4.*PHI l * H L ) r AP U L = X * X* Y M * G l * *3/ ( 8 7 . 3 6* TH* ( F H I l * HL) 3) TAP 0 3: (X B/Y!l) ( ( 1.3*XK 2 + -7) / (XK2- 1 .) ) r AP U4=- TH*XB*A LPHA*F5/(2. *HL* (1. +ALPHA) **2) TAP U 5= W. P HA* GO*X E*P/ (4. hL *T H ) TAP 11 AA7 l=DEFX r AP A A 1 L=DBEI X TAP AA13= C K t R X TAP A A 1U=DKEI X r AP AA21=- X*SEIX-2,*U E E R X TAP A A2 2= X + EPPX- 2 . *I: B L I X r AP AA23=- X W E I X-2. *D FESX TAP hA2U=X*LERX-2 .*CK E I X TAP A A U 1= (-X* E L R X +2.* [ B E I X ) r AP A A U 2 = (- X* B b i X-2. LBERX) TAP A A 4 3 = (-X*CERX +2.* fKEIX) TAP A A U U= ( X*C EX X 2. I: K E R X) r AP A ( 5 , I ) = A A 1 1 + UlLAA21 -U2* U3* AA4 1 TAP A (5. 2 ) = A B E + U WAA 22-II L* U3*AA 4 2 r AP A (5,3) =AA13+Ul*AA23-U2*U3 * X A 4 3 TAP A (5,4) =AA14 +Ul*AAi4-U2* U J * AP.44 TAP A (5,5) =O. r AP A (5.6) =O. TAP A (5,7)=0. TAP A (5.8) =O. TAP A (5.9) =O. TAP A ( 5 , l O ) =O. ~ A A ( 6 , l ) = - X * B E I 1-2. * D B Z I X ZAP h (6,2)=X*FERX-2.* L B E I X TAP A (6,3) =-X*CEIX-i. 4DKEBX TAP A ( 6 . 4 ) =X*CZBX-2.*LKEIX TAP A ( 6 , s ) =O. TAP A ( 6 . 6 ) =O. IA P A ( 6 , 7 ) = -2.O*PHIl**l.S*HL* (2.O*DLOG(XB) +1.0) TAP A ( 6 . 8 ) =-U.*PHIl** 1. 5*HL PAP A (4.9) =-2.*PHIl**1.5*HL/(XB*XB) TAP A (6.10) =O. PAP A(7,1)=U.*X*BEIX+8.*DEERX-X*X*DBEIX+( (GARMA**2.*TH)/(HL*ALrHA)) *(-TAP l X * 3kRX +2. DBEIX) TAP 4 ( 7 , 2 ) =-U.*X*BEIX+8.*DBEIX+X*X*DB~~X + ((GAH?lA**2.*Tti)/ ( h i . * A L P H b ) ) * (TAP l-X*EEIX-2. DBERX) TAP A (7,3) =4. * X * C EX X + . *DKER X-X*X*DKE I X + ( (GAEIRA * * 2 . * l H ) / (HLctiLt'kiA) ) (-P A P 1X*CER X+2.*DKEIX) TAP A ( 7 , 4 ) =-4. * X * C E H X +8.* D K E I X + X * X*DKEPX+ ((GAMMk**2.*TH) /(HL*ALPHA) ) (T A P 1- X*CEI X-2 . * D K E R X ) PAP A (7,5) =O. TAP k ( 7 , 6 ) =O. r AP TEPlP=-4.*PHI1 **2.5*HL*HL*TH**3./( (G1**3.) * X B ) TAP A ( 7 . 7 ) = TEMP* (2. t * D L O G (.X B . ) +3 .3) TAP A (7,8)=TE5F*2.6 r AP A (7,9)=-TEflP+0.7/ (XB*XB) TAP A ( 7 , l O ) =O. r AP R (8.1) =o. TAP A ( 8 . 2 ) =O. TAP A ( 8 , 3 ) =O. ZAP A ( 8 . 4 ) =O. TAP A ( R , 5 ) =O. TAP A ( 8 . 6 ) =G. T BP A ( 8 . 7 ) = XB*XB*DLCG ( X E ) TAP A (8.8) = X B * X 3 r AP A(8,9) = DLOG(XE) TAP A (8,10)=1.0 PAP A ( 9 , 1) =O. PAP

**

350 352 354 356 358 360 362 364 366 368 370 372 374 376 378

380

- *

382 384 386

390 392 394 396 398 400 402 404 4G6 408 Pl r i o 412

388

416 418 420 422 4248 426 428 430 432 434 436 438 440 442 444 446 448

UlU

A(9,3)=0 A (9,U) = O

A (9,2)

=@

452 4S4A 456 458 460 462 464 466 468 470 472 474A 476 478A 480 482 TAP 484 IAP 486 r AP 4 8 8

450

119
A ( 9 , s ) =O A ( 9 , 6 ) =O A ( 9 , 7 ) = 2.b*DLCG ( X A ) t 3 . 3 A (9,8) =2.6 A(9,9)=-0.7/(Xk*XA) A (9,10)=0. A (10, 1 ) = O . A ( 1 0 , 2 ) =O. A (1 0,3)=0. A(l0, 4)=0A ( 1 0,5)=0. A (10,6)=0. A (10,7) -1.0 a (10,8)=0. A (10, Y)=OA ( 1 0 , 1 0 ) =o. PflXNT 3 , d ( 1 ) , B ( 2 ) , B ( 3 ) , E ( 4 ) , B(i), i3(6),a(7),b(d),B(Y),a(lO) DO 13 I=1,1!) DO 12 J=1 ,10 A M ( I , J ) = A (1,J) 72 C O N T I N U E 13 : O N T I N U E CALCULATIOhS FOR MOMZNT L O A D I N G , TAPEhED H U B p=o.

TAP 490 ZAP 492 r A P 494A TAP 496 r AP 4 9 8 TAP 500 TAP 502 r AP 5 0 4 TAP 506 PAP 508 TAP 510 TAP 512 ~ A P5 1 4 TAP 516 TAP TAP r AP r AP TAP TAP rAP TAP TAP I AP TAP

TAP

520

51 8
522

rAe
TAP

526

524

530

528

PS=O.

14 XflO=XROA S O TO 16 15 C A L L ASMEIN XMJ=XOP n a- ( G O L'I+G I N ) /2. 16 PRINT 5 4 16 CONTINUE D O 1 7 I=1 , 1 0

IF (ICODo-1)

DELT=O.

534 536 538

542 544 546 548
540

532

14,1L,15

c ___________-_____________---___--_--_-------------------------------C C

________________

ZAP ZAP 550 TAP 552 TAP 554A TAP 5 5 4 B IAP 556 B (I) =O. TAP 558 17 ZON'IINUF r AP 5 6 0 TAP 562 B ( 1 0) =- ( 2 . 7 3 / (6.2 8 3 2 * YM*TH**3. (X A-X e ) ) ) * X H O r AP 56Y CALL L I N 2 (A, 1 0 , 1 C , O . , B , l , l C , L T E M P , I C R d , D E ~ , N P I V , P i V , L P f i , L P t ) B 1 7 = (- X*BER X+2. * D E E I X ) IAP 566 TAP 568 B 1 8 = (-X+ B E i X - 2. * D E E R X ) B 1 9 = (-X*CEk X + 2. *DKEIX) r AP 570 BZO=(-X*CEI X-2. *D EERX) The 5 7 2 574 P1= (-Yfl*G1**3.*XB*ETk 1**2 ./( 8 7 . 3 6 * P H I 1**3.5*HL**3 .) ) * ( 3 1 7 * b ( l ) + B 1 8 T A P r BP 5 7 6 I* b ( 2 ) + B 19*B ( 3 ) 482 C*B ( 4) ) TAP 578 B 9=4.*X*bEi X+8.*DEhBX-X*X*CEEIX B l o = - 4 . *X*BkdX+8. * C B E I X + X * X*DBEA X r AP 580 B 11-4 . * X * C E I X + 8 . * f K Z R X- X * X * C R E I X rAe 5132 TAP 589 B 12;- 4 . *X * CEh X t 8 . *DK EIX +X* X*D K E R X A l = ( l . / ( 4 . * P H I l * * i . 5) ) ( B S * R ( 1) +B10*B ( 2 ) +B1 l * B (3) +L312*8 (4 ) ) t2.4' ALPT AP 586 1RA**2*PS/ ( ( l . + A L Y H A ) * * 3 ) TAP 588 T 1 = E (7) ( Z . O * X B * C L O G (XB) C X B ) +2.0*3 ( 8 ) * X B + B ( 9) / X B TAP 590A P 1A l = P l / A 1 I AI? 5 9 2 COP=- (PH*GO*H I * h H C * * 3 . ) / (XE*2.73**. 25*GAMEA** 3.) TAP 5 9 4 P= P 1A 1/CO Y r AP 5 9 6 T 1 A 1 = 'I1 /A 1 TAP 598 COV= ( X E*2.73**. 25*R HO** 3. ) / (LiL*GAflIIA) TAP 600 V=TlAl/COV TAP 6 0 2 0 1- 1 7 - 7 5 r AP 6 9 4 I F (IEOND-1) 1 8 , l E, 1 9 18 CONTINUE PAP 6 0 6 --c1-17-75 19 1 P = O r AP 608 YA=l TAP 610 20 SLBS= 1 . 8 1 6*Y?I*E ( 5 ) TAP 612 TAP 6 1 4 IF (IBOHD-2) 2 1 , Z 1 , 2 2 (87. j b * P H I 1 * * 3 . 5 * H L * * 3 ) ) * ( a l 7 * B ( 1) + b l 8 * B (TAP 616 21 Pl=(-YM*S1**3*XB*ETAl**2/ 1 2 ) + E 1 9 * P ( 3 ) +B;a*i3 ( 4 ) ) TAP 618 S O TO 2.3 r AP 620 622 LL P l = ( - Y r l ~ G 1 * * 3 * X B * E T A 1 * * 2 / (d7.36*PHIl**j.5*HL,*3)) * ( 0 1 7 * b ( 1) tB18*B (TAP

r AP

------..--

120

121
3 1 R ( 5 ) = ( 1 7 0 / X D ) * ( ( X B * T S/ (1. +AL?Hh) ) -U3*?+U4+XY*AL*DEL~) B ( 7 ) =d.*?O*ZS/(hHC) 70 , 3 33 32 3 ( 5 ) = ( i G / X B ) * f (XLI*FS/ (1 . + - S E A ) ) - UJ*P+rJ4+ U3*U5+ X b * A L * J L L T ) b ( 7 ) = 8 .*P 0- TS/ ( h t l C ) -5.4 bo T ti-A L* ?/ ( G 3 * GO* F P9**. 5 * h L r ' nA ** 1. 5*YM) 33 E (~)=-L.*FO*ES/(~.+ALPH~) D O 35 1 = 1 ,1G D O 34 J = 1 , 1 0 A ( i , J ) = h Y (1,J) 3u :ONTIEiuL 35 COLu?i\f': 1 ,1 C, i T , Y F ,15 ET ,C f 7 , KkIV, E i V , L P n , L t C ) ; A L L L I h.2 ( A ,10 ,1 C, 3 . , 3 ,
TAP TAP TAP TPP TAP I AP PAP TAP TAP TAP :AP 2 AP TAP

CaLCULn%IC!u 30 P = d .
DSLTZDI iTh P ? I ' * ? 611 3 0 37 I = 1 , 1 O

dh=L G O Tn 2c

FCI; D E L L A I E M i E F A T U 3 2 ,

TAFZEET HUE

i AP
"2 TAP 7 AP

i?s=o.

TAP

37 C O N T i N D F

8 (i)=O.

3 ( 5 ) = (?o/xb) D O 34 I = l , ' C I 2 0 38 J = 1 , 1 0

* (Kd*AL*Du~TA)

TAP ?A? ZAP r AP TAP

Jd C O ? U T I N l l i 39 3 0 Y : i N L E

A(i,J)=AY(I,J)

C C

**

Liv PIIIN:
GO

7 0 TO L O L h t D A Thi'blb-d64

:ALL L I S 2 M k= 3

(A, 1 c ,1

c,o.

,3,1

,10,

L T E M ? , 1 c k L ' , D E ? , h ~ i V , ~ I V , L P n ,L i L )

40 Z O h T Z K K
' 0

02

DELE:ED

09-19-75.
MAL ),MA?-

43

io ? 7 ( 7 0 , 7 0 . 7 1 . 7 ( , 7 6 ;ALL C O l B I E I 71 C O K T L N U E 47 AE"J~N
c r-

:ALL FXD 46 Z O h X N C E

( 4 ~ ~ 44 56 , U t 8 U 6 , 4 , 5 ) .

71,7C

Ut3 PO3MhT 49 F O n Y i t l

(dUH

50 P C 3 Y A Z 51 r o w B T 52 P O P 3 6 T ( J t l t . ' flOE3liT COEFF. 3F 1YPE I BO!uD lCCLi EAT E

13 2LL,GO

PLfitrCi FLitNGE FLA :<GL PESSSU~E, /a411 O.C.,A dkSr,Cl LIXGTh,P CIELL:*C (7k 1 3 . 5 , l F l G . J / ) (5~10.5)
Li O L T

(YZ10.5)

PIPE:

X.E.,~
)

d u d 4%TLLI(.,I

~ A TAP TAP IkP TAP AP TAP TAP 6 6 6 k hP 866B 2.W 866C ZAP 86d 2 AP 810 TAP 672 TAP a 7 3 ~ :AP a 7 3 ~ ?AP 073C I'AP d7U LAP 876 TAP 878 ~ U I ' A P a80
YATAP 2 A?

IAP

lo0 762 76U 766 7ha 770 772 77U 776 778 780 782 7d4 786 788 790A 792 194 796 798 800 Pa 0 2 804 a06 808 810 812 81U

754 756 758

2hP

88U

862

D-LIL

MbD. /511i

OF t h 6 k CnbKrr ITZAP T,.~;EKAL Z:BP

YAP

086 888 d90 a92 d94 d9 6 89 6 93 0

31) 6

95 2

90 4

93 a 310 91 L 91 4 91 h 91 d

920 32 I 92 4
Y26

92 8

122
S OB ? Q U T I >I E S I H U 9

:HIS

I'lPLiCIl

DIICENSI9).L' 5 Y( 6 ' 1 8 ) ,S i ( 1 e) ZOYMO~ : r y i x , r3cLgT , : C C D ~ , M A T E , X A, x e, G,C, P ~ E S S ,XGS , x a ? , ~ i ,ti3 , T H , y n , S T H 1 A E, 9 F t i ? ( 4 ) ,XL C EL ?b 8 X X 3 X?lOh, Q P i i C X , 22HG P, LT HG P, E I ,G O r , T H P , Y PP , EPP, 3 I H 2 3 EL? k E , SCUT ,ti 13 ,2 C G STH 3TH 3, s L S ~ S , L S I ,SC S C , S (Si , S L i O , S I L I , S CL3, S C L I, S i 'H 2 , s ; F, S'P, S F F, ZG, Z C, Q F H G , Y C, Y 1 , I'l, 7 ' 1 5 7 A , SOFT8SGk,SG2,SC? , 5 C i , . i A? 3 TH 5, Y L ,id1 ,sa , Y B , iT ,X ~1 , x r 2 ,x r 2 I SIB D A Y h A/130'0. /, k/ 10* 0 ./,L T Z M P / l o* O / , L P h / l C" o/ , L P C / l O * U / , d i M / l U L * O . /

FZAL'R (P-H,C-2) 3IMENSi3X A(lO,lC), B(lU),

CALC[ILb;ION

'1

FOR

ITYP3 = 2 ,

S T R A I G H T PUB F L ~ L Q ~ ; L S

LTEYP(13).

LP:i(lO),

LPC(lO),

AM(l0,lO)

3 1-28 -7 5 SlH 6 STH 6A

10 1.2 8k dB
8C 8

S 'LH SI H

2 4

2 XA=XA/2. X a=XB/2.

1 Z E k 2 3 2 , Xii,XErT:1.GO, Gl,tIL,C,PZESS PPI!? 33 P Z I N T 3U. X h , X ~ , T , G O , G l , H S . C , F B E S S "-1. Y 7=1* I F (1COEs.G';. 2 ) G O X I 2 icE.AD 3 5 , X M O A ,SF,LLLTA,Y?l,G PIIliT 36 hL= L P -,-I P- . i l L 3 7 , Y.YCA,EF , D E L ? A , Y f l , ti, ITYPE, I L I O X L , ICODE, EA Ti:

--

STH 3TH STH STH SM SIH STH STH STH STti

Sl'H

sw
STH

22 24 26 28 30 32 34 40 42 44 46A 48

LO

14 16 18

X K2=XK*XK ; =G/z. C=C/L *

x K = Air / xa

3 U3=0. 3 3 4 . u30 =o. G G 70 5 4 U 3 = (XB/Y?l) 7 ( ( 1. 3" >K2+. 7 ) / (XK2-1.) ) [J 3 3 = i * U3 * Y 1* (G 3* E E ? A ) * * 3 / 1" ti* 1 0 . 9 2 ) U3U=7 H * E K A / 2 . 5 XT1=03U-U33 YT2=1. 41l34 +{I33 ?S= (. s 5 * x F j / ( Y ~ = G o ) ) *PLIESS A (1 , l ) = X T l a I: 1 , 2 ) =x': 2 A (1.3) = O . A (1,q) = G . h(1,5)=C. A ( 1 , 6 ) =G. A ( 2 , l ) =6ETA A (2, 2 ) = t E T h A (L,3) = (2.0* XB*DLOG ( X a ) + X B ) A ( 2 , U ) =-2.*XEl A (2,5)=-1./XB h ( 2 , h ) =C. F . ( 3 , l ) = 2 - * B E R + * 2 * ( l.+6ETA"IH/2.) A (3,2)=-2.*52'IA**3*TH/L. A ( 3 , j ) = -(2.6*DLCGiXB) + 3 . 3 ) * ( T H / G 3 ) * * 3 A (3,4)=-2.6*('IH/GC) **3 A ( 3 , 5 ) = ( . 7 / ( X E * X B ) ) * (TH/GO)**3 k(3,6)=0. A ( 4 , 1 ) =6. A ( 4 , 2 ) =C! R ( 4 , 3 ) = XB*XB*DLCG(XE) b ( 4 , 4 ) = x 9 - XB A ( 4 ( , 5 ) = CLgG(X1) A (u , o ) = l . A ( 5 , l ) =C. r. ( 5 , 2 ) = O . A (5,3) = L . ~ + D L C G (XA) t 3 . 3 d ( 5 . U ) =2. 6
r:

B E T >. = 2 . 73**C. i S / D S Q n T ( X U ' G O ) I F (ii356D-1) 3 , 4 , 4

STH STH SIH STH STH 5IH STH STH 57H SIH STH STH SIii STH STH STH STH STH STH
SIH

36 38

50

SIH

52 54 56

58 60 66
72

6 2
bU

68

70
76

74
78

SIH STH STH STH STH

STH STH S'IH
STH SliI

80 82 84 86A
90 92 94 96 988

88

106 108 STH 1 1 0 A S'IH 112 STH l l 4 A STH 116 S'IH 118 STH 720 S'IH 122A
S1H

5TH STH S'IH S ' I H

100

102
104

124

123

124
S R H = S RH*ROG COT= OT*R O G COR=COR*ROG PRINT 4 1, SLfl .STH,SR H,COT.COR PRINT 4 6 G O TO 31 15 I P = I P + l S O TO ( 16 , 2 0 , 2 4 , 2 8 ) ,XP G O T O ( 1 6 , 2 0 , 24 ) ,I P CALCULATIONS F C K LKESSUBE I C A C I N G ,
DELT=O. P =P IiE 5 S

C C

16

xno=o,

S'PKAIGtT HUB

S'IH 262 STH 2 6 4 STH. 266 STH 2 6 8 STH 270 STH 272 STH 2 7 4 S'XH 276A STH 2 7 6 B STB 278
STH 282 SPH 28U S3H 286 STH 288A S'XH 2 9 0 STH 2 9 2 STH 294 3;TH 296 STH 298 STH 300 STH 302 STH 304
S'IH

280

nA=2 GO TO 1 2 CALCULATIONS EOli 2 0 P=O.

17 CONIINOE B ( 1 ) = +X E*PS + X E* AL *DEL T- U 3 * PRESS D O 19 1 = 1 , 6 DO 18 J=1 ,6 A (I,J ) = AI3 ( I, J ) 18 CONTINUE 19 CON'IKNCE CALL L I N 2 ( A , 6, 1O,O.,B, 1, l C , L T E n P , I E R R , D E ~ , N E I V , P I V . L P n , i P C )
LELTA I E f l P E R A T U B E LCIADiNG, S'IRAI GHT H U B

PRINT 4 3 DO 17 1=1 ,6 B ( I ) =o.

PS= (. 85*KB/ ( Y f l * G O ) ) * P

DEL T=DE LTA PRINT 4 4 DO 21 I=1,6 B ( I ) =O. 2 1 CONTINUE B ( 1 ) = X B * A L*DE I T DO 2 3 I = 1 , 6 DO 2 2 J = 1 , 6 A ( I , J ) = A N (I,J) 2 2 CONTINUE 2 3 CONTINUE CALL L i N2 (A, 6 , 10 ,O , 0 , 1 , 1

PS=O.

nA=3

C. LTEHP , I 2 5 K ,DE I , N P IV ,P I V , L P I LPC )

S T H U E 09-19-75.

C
C

**

DELETED CARDS STH34&-384 O F S U E R . 28 PRINT 4 6 2 4 CONTI NUE S O TO ( 3 0 , 2 9 , 3 0 , 2 9 , 3 0 , 2 9 ) , I'!ATE 29 CALL FLGDW 30 ZONTINUE G O TO ( 70,7 0,71, 7 C, 71.7 0 ) ,HATE 70 CALL COESIN 71 ZONTINUE 31 RETURN

GO T O

12

SW 312 STH 314 316 SPH SIH 318 STH 320 S'IH 3228 STH 3 2 4 SIH 326 STH 328 SliH 330 STH 332 SZH 334 STH 336 S'IH 338 SPH 3 4 0 STH 3 4 2 SIH 344 STH 3U6
S'IH 386A S T I i 3868 SIH 388 STH 390 STH 392 STH 3 9 2 B STH 3 9 2 C STH 3 9 4
S l t l 392A

STH STH

STH

306 308 310

32 PORnA'I ( 8 E 1 0 . 5 ) 33 PORNAT ( 8 4 H ELANCE FLANGE FLANGE 18 BOLT PfESSOBE. /84H 0 . L . A 2LL, GO BASE, G 1 LENGTH'H CIRCLE,C P
3 4 FORflkT 35 PORnA'I 36 PORflAT 1YPE 2XP. 37 FORMAT 38 POBflAT

PIPE I.D.,L)
)

HUB A 1 ZHACk.,T

( 7 F 1 0 . 5 , 1P10.3/) 15E10.51 S'IH i98H fl6,YENT CDEFF. OF DELTA NOD. O F HBAN GhSKE1' ITSLH IBOND ICODk UATZ /51H THErIBAL ESTH ELASTICITY DIARETEE ) S '1H (lP5ElC.3, 16,3IlC//) S TH (53H CALCUIATICNS P C F RORENT LOACING. STliAIGdT f ~ U d PLBNGE//STH

HUSTH YASTH SIH STH

STH STU

396 398 400

406

402 UO4 408

41 0 41 2 41 4 416

39 PO2RAT (7H S L S O = I P E l i . 4 , 7H SLSI=C12.4,7H SCSO=ElL.4,7H SCSI=ElSTH 12.4//7H STH="c2.4 ,7 H S T F = 112. 4 , 7 H S KH=E12.4,7H Sa P=E12. 4//S 'IH 25H ZG=T12.4, 5H 2C=E11.4,7H QPHG=E12.4,5H YO-ElL.U,8H THEIA=ElSTH

1)

S'M

42 2 42 4
426

418 42 0

125

1 I i E A C 17, X~.XE,IH,GO,Gl,iL,C~~~ u > S P n I h T 18 P i i Y T 1 0 , X A , X d , T t , G C ,~;1,fii8C,I~LSS C;=l. Yr-1. I ? (;CCCE.ti,. 2) GO 33 1 5 ? S A D 20, X , 1 C A , L F , ~ L L T A Y , fl,G P F Z U T 21

AL= L F 2 L>1 h T 2 , X M 0 A FF D E; LT A D=Y Y * ? h * * J / l O .92 X h=XA/i.

dL:

JLI

14

2ZI dLi

OLi BiI BLI

22 24 2b

LO

16 18

, ,

,Y P ,6 , ; T

Y 17 E, i 2 Oir L, I C 0 L, E , hA I

di.1

BLI 3LI

2a 30

aLr
o,i

BLI

3u 30

32

,=C/L.

(J=G/2. A (l,l)=G*C. A (1 , L ) = I . A ( 1 , 3 ) =O. h ( 1 , 4 ) =G.

OLI

OLI

arr

38 40 42

irLi

JLI
bLI

46 4d

44

A (1, 5 ) =L. 4 (1,6) =u. k (1,7) =o. k(l,q)=U. A ( 1 , 9 ) =G. A ( 2 , l ) =-2.*G A ( 2 , L ) =U. ( L , 3 ) = 2.U+GsLLCCI ( i ; ) * G .s ( 2 , U ) = 2 . * G A ( 2 , 5 ) = 1 ./G A ( 2 , 6 ) =C. A ( 2 , 7 ) =\i. k (L,9) =t. L (2,Y) A ( 3 , l ) =J. A ( 3 . 2 ) =L.
=L,.

BLI Ui,I 3L, dLI

50 >2
56 58 60 02

5u

DLI
3Li

dLI

3LI dLI
3LI

b4A

66 08

Ai; dLI
11

JLL

72

70

3;;

LL

76 78 ti0

7u

126
h ( 3 , 3 ) = 1. A ( 3 , 4 ) =O.

3 ZO!ITINU; CALLULATIUN ?A = 1
d=XYJA

L ;OhTINUf

h (3,5) =3. A ( 3 ,h) = O . A ( 3 ,7) = O . a ( 3 . 4 ) =b. a ( 3 , Y ) =c. A (4, I)=L. 4 (4,2) =G. A ("3) = G"G*ClCG (G) I! ( 4 , 4 ) = G * G A (4,s) = DLOG ( G ) k ( 4 . 6 ) = 1. A (4,7) =O. A (4,e) =O. A(4,3)=0. A (5,1)=-2.0 k (5,2)= C . k ( 5 , 3 ) = 2. 6 * C L c ) G ( G ) t3. 3 A ( 3 , u ) =2.6 A ( 5 , 5 ) = - . 7/(G*G) A ( 5 , 6 ) =b. A (5,7) = d . k (5,Y)= O . A (5,9)= G . k ( 6 , l ) =C. k(6,2)=0. A ( 6 , 3 ) = Z.O-C+DLCG ( C ) + C n(6,4)=2.*C A (6,s) = 1 . / ~ A ( 6 , 6 ) =@. h ( 6 , 7 ) =-2.*c A ( 6 ,d) =-1 ./C A (7,U) =Z. 6 I ( 7 , 8 ) =.7/(C*c) A ( 6 , 9 ) =C. A (7, 1 ) =O. A (7 ,2) = G . A ( 7 , j ) = L . S V C L C G IC)*3. 3 A ( 7 , 5 ) =-. 7/ ( C * C ) X ( 7 , 6 ) =G. A (7, 7 ) =-2.6 k (7,9) =o. A ( 8 . 1 ) =CJ. A (8,2)=c. k ( 9 , 3 ) =o. A ( d , 4 ) =o. A ( 5 , 5 ) =a. A ( 8 , 6 ) =C. A (8.7) =L.6 A (8,8)=-. 7/(Xk*Xi) A (d,Y) =O. A (Y, 1 ) =O. A ( 9 , 2 ) 10. . P ( 9 . 3 ) = C * C * D L C G IC) A (9.4) =C*C A (9.5) = DLCG (C) A (9,5) = l . A ( 9 , 7 ) =-C*C A (Y,8) = -DLCG(C) A ( 9 , 9 ) =-1. 30 3 I = 1 , 9 DO 2 J = 1 , 9 AM ( 7 ,J ) = A ( l . J )

BLI 3LX BLI BLI

FCY\ Y C F L ~ I L O A P I I U G ,

C L l h i L FLANGES

P=O.

88 90 BLI 92 BLI 94 JLI 96 9LI 98 6LI 1OOA BLI 10 2 b L i 104A BLI 106 3Ll 108 dLI 110 BLI 11.2 BLI 1 1 4 6L1 116 dLI 118A BLI 1LO aLI 122 BLI 114 3LI 126 3LI 128 t3LI 130 BLi 132 BLI 134 a L I 136A 6LI 1 3 8 140 BLI 142 3LX 1U4 3T-X 146 !3LI 156 BLI 164 BLi 148 BLI 150 BLI 152 BLI 154A BLI 158 BLI 160 BLI 162 BLI 166 B L I 168 BLI 1 7 0 ELI 172 dLI 174 BLI 176 ELI 178 ELI 180 BLI 182 BLi ld4 BLI 186 BLI 188 aLI 1 9 0 ~ BLI 192 B L I 194A BLI 1Yb YLI 1 9 8 BLI L C O A BLI 202 3LI 204 ELI 2 0 6 ELI 2 0 8 ULI 2 1 0 ELI 211 ELI 214 2LX 2158 BLI 21 b dL1 218

aLX

82 84 86

127
3 L I 2238 aLi 222 :=1,9 ELI 224 B(I)=G. 3LI 226 4 ZO!iilNOC 3LI 228 a(3)=-w/(25.1325*~) 230 C A L L L i b 2 ( A . 4 , l b , C . , b, 1, l C , L i ~ r ~ , i E n n , D , ? . M ~ I V , P I v , L ~ h , ~ ~ ~ ) B L I 3Li 232 IP=o dL1 234A 5 z c = c = c + n ( 7 ) + c L o c - ( z ) ~ *~ E( 9 ~) ) 3 L ; 236 J F Y X ( I P + l ) =zc 3Li 238 Soh:=- ( YY *:H/l. 82 ) * 2 . 6 * B ( 1 ) aLI 240 SG3=-(YY*TH/1.3>) *(2. t * B ( 1) *G*G*2*3.3/(1o.*D)) d Li 242 SG%=- ( Y*IL;H/l . 8 2 ) * ( 2 . 6 - E ( 1 ) +ti *G 2 1 . J s F / ( lo. L) ) i3LI 244 SCR=-(YY*lH/l.R;)* (L.t*3(7)-.7-3 (h)/(C*C)) oLi 246 SCT:=-- ( Y T H / l . R L ) (2. C i a ( 7) +. 7 * 3 ( 6 ) /(C*L)) 3Li 248 S A T = - (YM*14/1 . 8 2 ) * (2.6. E ( 7 ) * . 7 * 3 ( P ) / ( X , * X P ) ) i i L I 250A P 2 I N 2 2 4 , k T f , ETC. 6LI 252 IP=iP*l 3LI 254A CALL STCFF dLI 254B SO TO( 6 , 1 C , 1 4 ) , l P d L i 254C ZC TO( b,1@ ),IF JLi 2b6 TLiNGES CALCULATION F O B PfiESSUfiE. LOADING, 3L;NI) BLI 258 b P=?hESS 4LX 2596 MA = 2 ELL 260 W=O. 3 L I 262A PLtIJT 2 5 9LI 264 DO 7 I = l , Y ELI 266 3 ( i ) =0. dLI 268 7 ZONTINCt BLI 270 B ( l ) = G * * 4 * P / (64.4 L) BLI 27 2 B ( 2 ) = - G * * 3* P/ ( 16. *D) d LI 274 t3 ( 5 ) = - s * s * p * 3 . 3 / ( 1 6 . * L ) BLI 2 7 6 DO 9 X=l,9 ELI 278 DO 6 J=1,9 ULI 280 A ( I , J ) = A Y (1,J) BLX 232 8 ,ONTINUr, 3LI 284 Y C0NTIt;L.L dLi 286 1, l C , L T E M P , I E ~ ~ , ~ t ? , N P I V . P I V . L P h . L P L ) C A L L L I h 2 ( A , 9, l O , O . , B , 31I 288 z o TO 5 C * * C E L Z T E I : C k h D S E L I 2 9 0 - 3 2 2 O F SUEd. E i I N L , C9-19-75. C 1 4 CONTINUE ElLI 3 4 4 8 B L I 3248 10 ZONIINUZ BLX 3 2 4 C I F ( YAQT.EQ.1 ) CALL C O P I b I N I Y ( C G D L - 1 ) 16,1t,15 B L I 326A 15 :;C/2. BLI 328 BLI 330 CALL A S P C I N ELI 332 C PLSDW I S C A L L E D TttiiU T A H U E 3 8 S Z H U 3 , L h C TIEL T H H U B L I 3346 P R I N T 27 16 Z O h T L N U E bL1 334B BLI 336 3Z:TUXN
DO 4

PEINT 2 3

17 POh*Ai

l b FOFMAT 1B LLL,GG 19 FORMAT

L O FORMAT ~1 FORMAT

(61.10.5) (d4H FLbNCt FLBNGZ FLAUG El CLT PEZSSUKE, /n4d O.D.,A aasi,~1 L E LrGTti, H CIFiLE, C ( 7 F l O . E, 1 P 1 0 . 3 / )

22 F O d V A T 23 FOnlAT 24 F O a Y A T
lL.I(,7H

1YPP

2 5 POiiPAX
END

2 6 POXMAT 2 7 FOkIkT

338 340 PIP, IiUB nT 342 I . D . ,LI ldLCK.,I 344 P 1 a i 1 346 B L I 348 SLI 350 (5El0.5) (98H EOLl CDSFF. 3 F DLiIB X 0 D . O F f l L k h GASKET ITBLI 352 \AT i / BL1 354 IBOND ICCDr. 5 1 F LOAD THEPYAL EXP. t L k 5 T I C i l Y DIARLTER ) BLI 356 aLI 358 ( 1 F5t 1 C. 3, 16,3i 1 c//) ~ L I 360 (46H CALCUIATIChS F C S dOLT LOACING, E L I N L KnNGX//) (7H SOZT= l f E l L . 4 , S H S G A = Z ~ L . Q , ~ H SC-T=L12.4,7d SCRZEldLI 362 BLI 364 SCT=E12.4,7H SAT=El2.4//9H ZC=E12.4//) 3 366 ( 3 4 H CALCU I B T I C N S F C F F J E S S U h Z L C X f l N G / / ) BL LI I 368 ( 3 4 H C P L C U I A T I b N S FOE C O i l E l a L 3 L G L D I Y G / / ) (1H1) 3LI 370 37.2 BLI
3LI HUBLI YkbLI

a=

128

X E=XB*2. --L*2. I F (IXEO-1) 1 ,1 ,2 1 30= ( G O U T - G I i u ) /4. 2 I F (dO-.L5) 3 ,3,4 Li = G L S K L I C I A M E i I K i h 3 D= ( GOUT *G 1Y ) / 2 . B =00

4

- _-

"XNT 11 P31VT 12 P X I N T 13, X.4 = XA * 2.

?.?A:

10,

XR,Y,GOU~,~iN,So,SA,~a,I~~o,~~

a57 ! . sn

X?1,Y,GOLT,GI~~,SB,'Q

,AB

45 M .
A3 '

li 51
4 SY

a5?1

10 12 14

nSM

20
26 28

16 18

THIS S O i - l , ? 3 i l ~ ~ ; d i

As 1 1
A Sa
A S?1 A sfl ASY
4

Asn

22 24
30 32

iisn sfl

5 P=PFCSS X C 1 1=. 7854*D* E* E Y F 1 L = 6.28 32 * B* 3* X ?*2 Gi Y 1=. 7 8 54 +L)* D * P + h . 2 8 j 2- B* D S a 1 = W M l /A B d V i = 3 . l416+ B* C*Y

SB 2 = FMZ/A B A M 7 =Ufll/SE bM2=dfl2/S k A I Y = D C l n X l (AMl,AE2) d G S = ( 1F: * A E) r S h / 2 .

B = 3sca: (LiC) /2.0 3=SSU?-i.+b

GO

TO 5

34

X f l *t7

h S?l ASY A SY

4 SY

AS M

38 A 40
44

30

42
46 48

X G S = Y G S * ( C - D ) /2. X G S l = h N l + (C-D)/L.
~=(C-XE)/L.-G

H=WM11 HD=.7 8 5 4 - XB+ XB* F HT= +HE HG= Urll -a

X?= ( ( R t G l t ( C - f ) / 2 . ) /2.) X G = ((L-D) /L .) *HG XOP=XCtXT *XG ' i O G =XG S/XO?
X C= ( d

kSfl A S M
h SM
hsfl

ASY A Sfl AS?! A Sfl A SX

sfl

50
52
56

54
60 A 62
64

5a

*.

5* G1) * bC

A
*H'I

4 SM ASM
4

sn

kSM

PiiXzr: 15, LiO, W Y 11,kY 1 2 , w!! 1 , S j l,JE2,>32 I F (IIY?2-2) 6,6,7 6 PEAST 16 P E I k? 17, XGP,XGS,XGS 1 Iti r ? i h i u U T , ECP=XOP, rGs=Xc;s, YGal=X(:Si 7 I F (ITYTi-2) 9,5, E

D h I N T 14

A SA BSM

sn

SM

72 74 76 7b

06 b8 70

80 82
d6 90

4 sn A Sfl

BSN

sn

84

88

92
94

A sn
)

BSM

96

d S?=((D/.H)++L)* (.3+F) S L 1 ( ( f/T H) ** 2) * ( 1 . 7 d W X 1 (C- D) / 2

S O P = 5 P t sw1 542=( (C/TH)**&)*
S C ; 3 = ( (D/?H)

./ (5

*+

3)

R sa
hSN

ASfl

102

10 0

98

PSIXT
23.idT

ia

(1.78*dM~* ( C - D ) / L . / ( D * * j ) ) **2) * ( 1.7t)*dGS.(C-C)/L./(D**3))

t'kib? L C , 3 YA=XA/~. XE=X3/2.

19

hL.,Sdl ,SOi,Sk2,SGS

c r

--. -- N.
-L

3 :--LU.

/2

1C F O I Y L T

(7 ill C .5,1

iL

1 t.d. 5 )

ASM kS M . l Sfl ASY k Sfl A S1I ASH A CM

R SN A sn kSfl A S M

10 4

110 112 11 4 11b 11 8

12 2 12 4 126 12 8

ld8

106

120

129
11 F O A K A T 12 F O L Y L T 1 GIU

(1 HC) (1 OYH
( 7 F 1 3 . E//) (1 7 Od

13 F J r ' M A ? 14 F J S Y A ? fY 1 1 5 FOS?IAT 16 F G F Y A ? 17 F O n Y A T 18 PO;lwh: 1 Y FOFYAT

Sd

s I.
w rL

Y
WNll
M G5

( 1P 7 3 15.4//) (5 Of1
(4

su 1

dC
?IO E

( 1 P 3 E 1 E. 4//) (1 OQ P

A S M hSM YR SN k Sfl ASM R CM

ASM

sa

13G 13 2 13 4

74

LO

lk

FOIiilbT

3KD

(1 E > Z l 5 . 4 / )

>C 3

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g T i i G = QFiiS P dPHG?=dPd 3 ( 2 ) 9r F i G= C F HC, 2 JT9G?=GFiI fi ( 3 ) 3 1[I G= Q 1 HG P D?=XE,?.
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FL ; F LG P LZ

12 14 16 18 20 22 24 2b
28 30 32

F L2 P LG PL ; F L; F LG
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34

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78

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221=XL9/(AJrYE)
j w = x L i / ( A ? * r
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4

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FLJ FLG FL; FLG FiJ FLG

82 84 d6 88 30 92
34

96 99 100 102 104

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106

b QF?L=CF;l*

5 OF?l=QFECE'/Hti (YFF/YFE2) d l = ( ; d l t d G l + Y G * h G * ((IF1 Q F f . 1) J L = d S 2 + & 2 + h G * h G * (CFLtCFF2) . ti.- ( C - ( G + E ) / 2 . ) / 2 . H?P=(C- ( S t b P ) / L . ) 1 2 .

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<G 1,'HG-Q P1* ( H " - i i G ) - d FP l * ( H TP-PG) ) * G* a*GFLl*dP*EE* (HLF-H'Ik)) ) * ( P t P E E ) FLG 3 W LC=Y 2C-( QP H G / H C t C E h tiP/HG) *P* H G / Q 1 FLG I F (FA?:-5) 1 1 , l l ,10 1G n ~ g = i J l (Q?HG/HG)* LELTA*HG/Cl FLJ 150 G O TO 1L FLG 152 FLS 154 1 1 lici) W 1 (QTP $7* 0 Z L T k t GT hi; F L 5LT A P) / 1 r"LG 156 12 I F (YATE-5) l I r , 1 4 , 7 3 13 d ? = ( 3 1 / ~ 2 ) * t i 1 t ( l . / Q > ) * ( - r B ~ F B , X L 3 t ? G * E G * V C t T F + t T F * ~ ~ *T ~ + T F E * i T i ' * T H ? ) + (FLG 158 160 lJl/dL)=L?FRL* ( ( C G L / H ~ - L F L * ( E - I I G ) ) *G*G-yF;*E*E*(hL-111)) + P - ( (uPdG/HFLG 162 2 5 ) f ( Y F/YF2) t ( ' Q P b t i r / t i L ) * (YFP/YF22) )*P*YG/G2- ( Q l I i b / H u ) - ( Y F / Y F i ) rDELTPLG 34'1G/92 PLG 164 G O TO 1 5 PLS 166 14 d 2 = ( Q l / Q 2 ) *Wit( 1 . / ~ 2 ) 7 ( - T b * E a * X L d + ' G D ~ G I V C t 2 F * ~ F * ~ ~ t ~ F ~ ~ * ~(FLG F~~rH 1P 68 )t 170 1 Q l / Q 2 ) * L O F A L * ( ( C G ~ / H G - Q F ~ * ( ~ ~ - H L-,J )F ? 2 * ( H T P - b G ) ) * G * G ( J F L * o * & * (HD-FLG 172 LHT) * Q F k 2 * E P + B P * ( H t E - H T ? ) ) ) * ( P + P b Y ) - ( (;E'IiG/fiG) * ( Y F / f r ' 2 ) +(dPdGP/HG) *FL; 17 4 3 (Y F i / Y Fr 2 ) ) * 2 * HC/C2- ( J r HG*D EL ' I & ( YF/ * YFL) + GTHG P*EE l:=aP* ( YF P/ Y F r 2 ) ) / F LG 40 2 PW 176 15 G O T O ( ~ 9 1 . 6 , 2 0 , 1 S , L C , l d ) , FIAT2 FLG 178 I b PaIfr? 28 PLG 180 s o TU 1 9 FL2 182 17 PZIIJT 29 FLG 184 2 0 10 1 9 FLZ 186 18 P h I u r 3 c FL; 188 19 P k i S T 3 1 FLG 190 FLZ 192 G P h G F, 3 P , GO E, T H F, Y E , Y F P 2 , E FZ E' A I h ? 3 2 , Q P Y G E , FHG E , PRINT 3 3 FLG 194 ? r I W T 32, OPnG, CFi-b,Q?HG, E , G U , T H , YF,YF? ,EF FLG 19b ? F I X ? 311 PLZ 198 P ' i L b T 35, XLB,AF,C,YU,YEZ,EB PLG 200 PFIYT 36 r' LS 20 2 P h I b T 3 7 , VD, XGO ,X G i , YG ,Y 6 1 , 9 G FL; 204 PFIYT 4t FLG 2 0 4 A Pa:>': 39 FL; 206 T i i i S T 39, W 1, IB.~?,?FP,2ti,DELlA,3ELIrr',? FLG 208 P r T K 40 FIG 210 ???Ih; 4 1 , WLh,kLd ,ULC,W2D,W2 FLJ L12 Dh A=d 1 - U 2 b FLG 214
In:)

bo :o 9 4t C O T A L* ( ( 9 # ~ 3 = 11

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FLG FL; FLG 7L7 PL2 FLG r'LS FLG FLG

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110 112 114 116 118 1.~0 122 124 126 128 130 132 134 136
140 14 2 144 146 148

138

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C C

c
C

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3UD=Wl-r2D ci)=w I-# i ? E I AT 41, D J A , L k B . D Y C , i l W D , R n=kzA/kl 4b=k,'E/Cl 'c= L L C / w 1

2 D = r12 D/ w l

LWCI,

FLZ FLG FL; PLG

21 h 220 222 ~ 2 4 228 230 232 234 236 23bA 236 B 236C 238 240
LLb

218

FiZ PLJ

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C C

C C

C C C C C C

i EQUATIONS.
C

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S'JBPOUTINL L I N 2 ( A , N , N N , E P S , t i , ~ , ~ P I , L ~ ~ ~ ? , I E F f i , D E T , h P ~ V * r I V , ~ ? ~ , L EC) I l r P L I C I T ftEAL*8 ( A - H , O - 2 ) DIYZNS;Oh 4 ( N E , b) , E ( F M , M) DIYZNSiON LTEBP(1 ),LFfi(l) ,LFC(1)

i : ?HE ?lFTHOD C O N S Z S T S C F G A U S S I A N Z I I M i h A T I C N FCLLOWED EY uACK C S U B S T I T U T I O Y S . THIS IS M06E E F F I C I E N T THAN S O L U T I O h BY ? I k r " h i X C I h V L R S I d N F E G A Z O L E S S C F THE NUMBEfi O F C O L U B N S I N b . B C I t i dOW3 a b D C COLUPINS A R E S F A a C H L C E C k C A X I P A L F I V O T S . I h T E F C H A N t i I N G O F n O J S Ob C C C L b r l N S O F A I S AVOIDEC. CHAPTER 1 O F ? . L . S T I Z Y L E , I N T 3 3 I ) U C T I O b TO C NUNERICAL NhTHEflAT;CS,ACADEMiC PIZSS,E.Y.,1963, fHCULD L l t H E L P F U L I N C FOLLOUIKG T H E CCDE. C C 'IHL Z A L L i N t i Pi3O;lAM N L S T S E T A , N , NN,E;PS, B,E,fl!!, L'IEXP T3C C &-THE C O E F P I C I Z N T NATRIX C C N-THE ORDER O F A C C NN-THE NUNEER C F hCRDS CF S T O R A G E P t i O V I C E f FOR LACd COLUdN O F i , I N T H E C A L L I N t i PR3GRAM C
C C C C C C C C C C C
2PS-A

8C46A017 8046AO18 3046A019 c) C46A 02 0 3046AOil a046~022 8C46AC23 9 046A02U

a0

NON-NZGATIVE N U N B E E WHICH EGCH PIVOT I N T H E L L i N I a i A T i O N PhOCESS I S h E C U I R E 3 T O EXCEED I L A a S O L U T b VhLUL ( Z U S I O H A H I L Y ZEaO) CONSTANT T E F F MATKIX NU?IBER OF LGLUMNS O F B FOR t A C d COLUfiN OF

4 6 02 ~ 5 3 046 A02 6 3 OU6 A027 8 04 6 A C2 8 3 0468029 8C4bA03O 3046A031 9 046 A03 2 8 G46A 033 3 04 0 A034 8 Cb6A 035

8 OU6 A037 dC46AC38

8046A036

8-THE

M-T92

9046A039 8046AOUO 8 C 4 6 A 04 1 3 046 A04 2

C C

E I N T H E C A L L I N G E'aOGEAfi MY-THE NUK3LEi O F h C S D S C F S T O E A G E P R O V I C E f

Y 0 4 6 A044

8046AC43

LTFflP-A

BLOCK O F AT L E A S T N U O B D 3 OF 'ILMFOhAPY I N T E G L R S Z O t t A G t

3 0 4 6 A045 8 C46A G46 8 0 4 6 A04 7

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C C C C

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c c
C
b
n

C i C C C

c
C

c
C

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5
C

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8C46A048 BO46A049 S r l E I Z ~ ? , D S T , N ~ I V , i ; t , L P , ~ ~LPC ~ TO 3 0 4 6 A050 8C46AG31 ILBA2 I? NO C O L U M L S O F X k a h P O d H D , ?HE. ~ L I C I ~ X L ~ r'nOC'LSs ION 3OUoA052 DZIhG h A I T E D B E C P U S E T d E CUIiiENT 2 I Y O T F A I L > T O Y X i d c D 804bA053 EDS I N MAGNITUDE 3 046A054 3046A055 C I F ALL CCLUiYJS O F X n F 1 FdUND, N L T I O U D L E u;lNJG DtriCTZD 804bAC56 3 0468057 DET-2LUS OF n l h U S THE P Z O C U C I O F T f i E C U R K E d T & D A-L P h , Z L r ; U I N ( . 8C46AC58 PIVOTS 3 0468059 8 C46A 0 6 0 NTIV-THf NIJ!IBE3 31. TYb C U R R E N I P l V 3 1 ( F ; P $ T , S E C O h D , t T C . ) 3 0 4 6 A06 1 3 04 6A 0 6 2 ?IV-T h E LUcFiENT P I V O T d C46A C63 3 0 4 6 A06 4 L ? R - T H E P I i i J T N E I V P O S Z T I C h S LIST Y F E P I V C iOW i h J I L L 5 IN U d L J i a 8G46AC65 3 046A066 O F U S k , A VECTCL 3 F L E N G T H N 8 C4 6A 0 6 7 d 0 4 6 k06 8 LPC-THr PI?Si N P i V P O C I l i G N S L I S 7 T H i FIVC: COLUMk I E t D L C L S Xh O i i 3 L h OF USE,$ VZCTCA C F LENGTH ii d C46A 06 9 d C46A C70 i f Tdi &Xii!lIdATiON paocL,sC 15 H A L I E D P.,ZXB?UsELY ( i L F L Xdial'iVL) ,THEN 3046A071 i H L D A T A NF;V,riV,LEn,LEC,MPY E L HELPFUL Ih C I 4 G h 0 5 I h E T d E U N 3 P i t L Y I N G 8 C 4 b A 0 7 2 C h U S E 3 F T E E T f i O U E L E . I F I H L PKOCZSS G O ; S T O COMPLETiCd T H L N N P I V = N , 30468073 C - 7 S H C ) U L D u c :!iZ 3 E ' i ' E E P i h k H T O F P , P i V Y l L L 9E THE N ' I H P I V O T , r r h l ) LPK Y 0 4 6 k 0 7 4 A N D L P C L i s 1 ALL E I V O l F O S I T i C h S . 8 C46A 0 7 5 30468076 DO ; N I T I B i i Z A T ; C h S 8CU6A 077 3 046A078 3046k079 1 IZdR=O 8 046A C E O DET=1. 8 0 4 6 AOd 1 DO 2 I = 1 , h 8 C46A 0 8 2 LPIi (I ) =I 8 046kOd3 2 LPC(I)=I d046AOtl4 E k C I Y ~ L I M I N A ' I I O N FCCESS 8 046A C85 3 046AOd6 a C46A 0 8 7 DO 1 8 B i . = l , N 8C46A088 hPIV=N 8046A089 SELECT PIVOT & C4 6A 090 d 046A03 1 8 C4 bA 092 2 1 v=o. DC 4 K=hP,N 8 C46 A C Y 3 i =LPh ( K ) 8046A034 8C46ACY5 D O 4 L='i?,II b 04 b A096 J=LPC(L) L I N ~97A I F ( DAbS(k(I,J))-LAtlS(PIV) ) 4,3,3 3 KPIV=K dC46A C98 LPIV=L 8 0 4 6 A099 8 04aA 1 0 0 IPiV=I 8 04 bA 1 3 1 J PiV=J 3 0 4 0 k 10 2 T I V=h (I ,J) 8046A 1 0 3 4 COWilNUi 3 0 4 6 A10 4 8C46A105 U T D A Z E D ~ ? E k t l ; d A h T A h I : PIVOT F C U A N C CC)A.JHS L I S X DL T=D E T * t ' I V i ' K ? I P = L F n (NF) L F X ( N F ) =Lkd(KPIV)
L P d ( K P I V) = TE I PF

i T E X F = L P C (NT) L EC (N i) =L L 3 C (L FIV) LPi. ( L P I V) =i 1L P E

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134
7 IER6= 2 SFTURN
8 0 4 6 A 11 8 8 046 A l l 9 8 04 6A 12 0 3 0 4 6 A 12 1 8 046A 12 2 dC46A123 3 046 A124 3 C46A 12 5 9 046 A 126 8 O4bA 1 2 7 8046A128 3 OU6 A 1 2 9 8046A 1 3 0 8 04 6A 13 1 3 0 4 6 A13 2 8 C46A 13 3 3 O U b A134 8CU6A 1 3 5 8 04 6A 13 6 3 04 o A 1 3 7 d046A138 BO46A139 3 G46A 140 8 O U 6 A 14 1 3 0 4 6 A 14 2 8046A 1 4 3 8 0 4 6 A 14 4 8046A145 8 0U6A 1 4 6 9 046A147 8 C46A 14 8 8 C46A 1 4 9 3 0 4 6 A 150 8 04oA 15 1 3 0 4 6 A152 8 046AlS3 80468 154 3 046 A155 YG46A 1 5 6 8046A 1 5 7 3 046A158 8 C46A 159 8 046A160 30UbA16 1 8 046A 1 6 2 9 0 4 6 A16 3 8 C4 6A 1 6 4 3 0 4 6 A 16 5 3046A166 8 046A 1 6 7 30U6A168 8046A 169 8 0U6A 1 7 0 1046A17 1 8 0U6A 1 7 2 3OU6 A 1 7 3 8 C46A 1 7 4 8 04 b A 1 7 5 3046A176 dC46A 1 7 7 3 0 4 6 A178 3 0U6A 1 7 9

C MCfiIFY P I V O T SOY O F A L X D d ( E L E Z i N T j : I N P h P S E N T CH P F E V I O U S P ~ V U T i ' C O L U Y N S OF A hFL S F I P P E D )

C 8 I F ( Y ? - h ' ) 9. 1 1 , F 9 NtiT-NPtl D O 10 L=hlIYP,N J=LPC ( I ) 10 A ( 1 P i V . J ) - A ( I P I V , J ) / ? i V

C C DO LACK S U B S T I T U T I O N S C DO 23 J = l , N DO 2 1 K=2,N YK=N-Ktl I=LOR (KK) D O 21 L = 2 , K L L = .4-L t2 II=LPR(LL) J J = L P C (LL) 21 3 ( 1 , J ) = E ( I , 3 ) + B I I I , J ) * A (1,JJ) 23 Z O N T I N U E C C U h S C a A l B L Z k O W S O F S O L U T I O N I I A ' I R I X B H D ADJLJS'I C D O 24 I = l , N ;=LPF ( I ) 24 L T E ' l P ( L ) = L P C ( I ) DO 28 i = l , N ~5 K = L ' I E \ F ( I ) I F ( I - K ) L6,L 8.26 26 DET=-Dii' D O 2 7 J=1 ,\

C C X O D I F Y N 3 S - P I V C I F C h S CF B A N C E ( E L E i l S N ' I S I N ?bESEh"= Oh P r i d V I O U S C r I V O T ZCWS O i ? CCLUPhS A R E SKIPFEC) C IF(?iP-h)13,18,13 13 DO 17 K = Y k P , h ' I = L ? R (K) IEMP=A ( I , J P I V ) I F ( T 5 M F ) 1 4 , 17,llr 14 30 1 5 I=NNP,N J=LPC (L) 15 A ( I , J ) = A ( I , J ) + A ( I F I V , J ) *TE?IP D O 1 6 J=1 ,\ 16 a ( I , J ) = B ( I , J ) tB(IFIV,J)*TEYF 17 Z O N i I N U E 18 C O N I I N C i C C ZNU E L T Y I N h r I O N EFCCESS

12 3 ( I P I V , J ) = - 3 ( i P i V , J ) / E I V

11 DC) 1 2 J = l , Y

S I G N OF D t , T d n M I N I N T

27

r EY F= B (I, J)

LTY?lP ( K ) = K G O TO 2 5 28 ZONTINUE dETUAN END

B ( K , J ) =TEY.F L T Z Y P ( I )= LTEM E (K)

(1 , J ) =B ( K , J )

3046Al81

804bA180

135
5 UB.O.OUTI NE C O t B I N

iHPLICIT EEAL*8 (A-H,0-Z) CCMBIN 3ILIZNSiON S ( b , l E ) , s C ( l e ) DATA SC/l B*O. O/ Z OR51N COXCION I ~ Y P E . I E O N L , I C O D ~ , I ~ A I E , X B , X ~ , ~ ; , ~ , ? F ~ ~ S , ,X XG US? , Z ~ , U J , T ~ , Y R , F L A 4 5 1 A E ,C/FHa (1, ) , A L , D Z L l A ,XI!O,X C C A , CFHGE, Q P h G F , GT PGP, EL', G O ? , i ? H 2 . Y PP , 2 F P , ?LA ZDELIAP, G J U 1 , GIN,ROG,SLSO, S L S I , S C S O , S C S I , S L L O , S L i . I , < C L L I , 3C-I , S I i I , 3 S T P ,SiH ,SRF,ZG, ZC,QFkiG, Y 0,Y 1, T l ,ZF?ZTA , S C ? T , SI. , S ; i , 5 i i , . i C T , S i i T , 4 U 2 , Y 1 , 5, Y A , I?, X P l , X R 2 , XM'i!l', I'I'-: IC = 0 IF('IATE.LE. 2 ) i T = I T Y P E 7 0 TO( 1 , ~ , 3 ),I? 1 IC = IC t 1 I P ( i C . GT. 2 ) G O IO 9 9 IF(VA'IE.G'f.1) E:FIET 4 9 P a i m 50 N N = 13 DO 4 MA = 1 , 3 G O 10( 5,6.7 ),MA 5 PRINT 5 3 GO TO d

2CflBIN

CCYBIN

6 P L i W 51, s o TO a 1 PLINT 5 5 9 S O TO( 1 2 , 1 3 ) , I C 1.2 PRLNi' b o , (S ( M A , I ) , I = l , L N ) s o TO 4 13 P R I N T 6 0 , (S ( M A + 3 , 1 ) , I = l , h N ) 4 COSTINUE. IF(VATE.z,Q.l) G C 'IC 9 9 DO 9 I = l , ! i N G O 10( 1 0 , l l ),TC 10 SC ( I ) = S (1 , I ) * X H 2 F / X F l + S ( 2 , I ) + G@ T O 9 11 s c ( I ) = S ( 4 , i ) * x r 2 / x l l l t s (5,1) t 9 CONTINUE 2 9 'IO ( 4 0 , b l ) , I C 40 PRINT 5 6 , XR2F 2 0 ro 4 2 41 1 F I N T 56, X R 2 4 2 PRINT 6 0 , (SC ( I ) . I= 1, EN) IY(HATE.EQ.2) GC I C 95 IF ( I ' I . I < ) . I T L ) GO '10 1 IF(IA'IE.ZQ.4) G C ZC 2 IF(OATk.EQ.6) GO 'IO 9 5 Z I C = I c t 1 I F ( IC. G ' i . 2 ) G O TO 9 9 IF(~~A'IL.GI.~) FFIhT 4 9 PRINT 51 N N = 13 DO14 MA = 1 , 3 G O T O ( 15,16, 17 ) , H A 15 PRXNT 5 3 G O TO 1 H 16 P e r u 54 S O TO 1 8 17 P R I Y T 55 18 20 T O ( 22.23 ),IC 2 2 P b I N T 61, ( 5 ( Y k , 1) , I = l , N N ) Z O TO14 23 P S i h T 61, (S ( f l A + Z , I ) , I=l,NN) 1 U ZONTINUE IF(HA'IL.ZQ.1) G C TO 9 9 DO19 I = l , N N s o TO( L O , 2 1 ) , I C 20 S C ( 1 ) = S (l,I)*XM2P/Xfll+S (,?,I) t 70 m i 9 21 5C ( i ) = S (4.1 ) * % , Y ; / X M l + S (5,;) + 1 9 CONTINUE ;o 10 ( 43.44 ) , I C

Z ONBIN

S ( 3 , I)

COflBIN

s(6,I)
IONBIN

COR BX N

ZOflBIN

S (3,I)
S (6,

ZOflBIN

I)
ZONBIN

136
4 3 P3ZST Sb, ;O T 3 4 5
4 b ?,i:J':

XYLF
xa2

( S C (I), i = 1, E N ) 4 5 PKIti? b1, IF(Y3TE.22.2) GC I C 9 s

5b,

IP(FlA'TL.LQ.4) GC 1C 1 IF(3ATi.ZO.b) GO 'IO Cs 3 I C = ic' + 1 I F ( ? B T E . i T . 1) PKLNT 4 s P x v T 52 NN = 7 D O 2 4 Mh=l. 2 : O3BI N S O T O ( L 5 , 2 a ),!!A 2 5 T B i K 57 S O Td 2 R 26 2 i l I N T 5 4 (S IHb, I ) , I = l , N N ) 28 ? i ; W 62, 24 CSdliYUi; G C 'IC 9 9 IF(YA'I3.LQ.l) D O 29 I=l,!IN X(;) = S(l,I)*h2/U1 + S(2.I) 29 C3YTINUE PEi!lT 5 0 , 1 2 ? R i N ? 6 2 , ( S C ( I ) , I=1 , N h ) GO ? O ( 1, 2 ) , I T Y P E 99 P R I N T 4 9 dET1!3N 4 9 PORXAT ( 1 H 1 ) 2hEEfiEC H U E FLANCE 5 0 PO3.H.AT ( / S O H STIcAIGH? H U A FLANGE 51 FORRAT (/SOH t3i I N C P L h : i G I 52 F03VkT (/50H Z A I C U L A T i C h S PCR 3CMiiST L G A D I h G 53 F O h Y A T ( S o d C A L C U L A T I O N S P O 3 i'Fi3SSLRS 1 3 A i i I h Z 5 4 FORE AT ( 5 0 H I ( SOH C L I C U L A T Z C I S F C k TtdPESA'IURE LOhDLbU 55 F o r ! t l i ' 56 F O a E A T ( d 6 d C k I L U L A T i C h S F C h C C l Y E I N f L L O A D i l . . G , f l L 3 h 3 2 2 Ir3n i T Y 1 P E = l Ok 2, W ; OF i ? Y P E = 3 , = l P E 1 2 . 4 //) 57 PC!d?lfii ( 5 0 H C k I C U L A T I C h S F C k ECLT L O A C I Y G // ) 90 0 60 PO3inAT ( 7 H S L S O = l r E 1 2 . 4 , 7 h SLSI=Z11.4,7H SCSO=EIL.U..7ii SCSi=ElTAP 9G 2 li.4//7H SLLO=Z12.4,7h SLLI=ilL.4,7H S C L O = E l L . 4 ,7li bCLi=sl~.4//?AP 90 4 S7H S'Ifi=ElL.4,7H SlF=ElL.4,7H S2H=rli. 4,7H 3i?F=il2.U//5H Z:A? JG=ElL. 4,5H Z C = E l i . 4, i H QFHG=E12.4,5H YC=E12.4,5d Yl=;lL.4,8H I A 90 6 4 'id 2 ?A = E 1 - 4 /) 2 AP 90 8 42 2 61 F 3 R . ' l i Z ( 7 H SICC=lTilL.4,7H SLSi=ZlL.4,7k S C S 3 z E l L . 4 , 7d aChI=ElSIH 42 12.4//7H S I ' H z E 1 2 .4 , 7 h S T F = E1L. 4 , 7 H SFq=E12.4.711 33 F = c l ~ 4 . //;IH 426 25H ZG=E12.4, 5H 2 C = E 1 ~ . 4 , 7 H QPHG=LlL.4,5H YO=LlL.U,Bh IH&IA=ElSTH 42 8 32 - 4 4 S TH 6 2 FOEFAT ( 7 H SOPT= 1 P E l L . 4 , 7H 5Gh=212.4,7H SGT=Eli!.4,7d 5 ~ R = E l i 3 L i 36 2 12.4.7H SC T = E l 2 . 4 , 7 H S AT= E l l . 4 / / 9 .-i zc=L12.4//) I3 L I 36 4 END

II'(I'l'.Lc,).IT2)

' ; O TO 2

137
( 4 , 4, 4, E, 4, 5 ) HA Tk 5 M A = ?IA + 3 u 40 T O ( I,2 . 3 ) , I T Y T E 1 S ( Y A , l ) = SLSC ) = SLEI S(!lA,2 s ( 7 . 4 3 ) = scso S(YA,4 ) = s C X s (?lX,S ) = S L L O S ( l h , 6 ) = SiLI s (na,7 = SCLO S ( ? l A , 8 ) = SCII S ( Y B , Y ) = S7F S(YA,lO) = S i F s ( H A , 11) = SFf. S ( Y b , l L ) = SBF S (YA, I?) = 7 G S(YP.,14) = 2C S ( > A , 15) = Q F H G

S(VA,ld) ti6 TQ 50 3(Y.4,1 ) S(,.A,2 ) S(YA,3 ) s (Yk, 4 ) s(YA,5 ) S(YA86 ) S(Y4,7 ) S (!&8 ) S(qA,9 ) S ( V k , 10)

S(fiA,16) = YO 5 (MA, 17) = Y 1

= I1

= SLSI

= SL5C

3 S(lk,l

S (?A, I L ) = YO S ( J n , l 3 ) = IHP?A GO 53

S(MA,ll)

= ZG = 61:

= SCSI = STH = STF = StH = SEF = 2FHG

scsc

S(Yb,2 S(YA,3 S(Yh,U S(YA,5 S (li1,6

5 U RPTJdN
E xil

S(YA,7

= SGI = sca ) = JC1 ) = SAT ) = zc

) )

= 5CIiT

SGh

139
ORNL-5035 NRC-1, -5

INTERNAL DISTRIBUTION
1. 2.

12-13. 14, 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23-24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31.

11.

3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

R. M. J. S. R. J.
J. J. C.

J. Blass
E. H. W. H. P. J. A. W. M. B. L. W. G.
G.

Bender

L. B a t t i s t e
Bolt

Bryan

J.
C.

J. W. F. R.
W. G. M. W. R.

M.

R. W. Harms R. Hibbs H. Hoffman P. Kasten K . C. Liu R . N . Lyon

W.

H. R. H. J. L. C. 0. F. W. R.

Clinard Collins Corm Cottrell Culler Derby Dodge Fee Fontana Gall Gallagher ( c o n s u l t a n t ) Goglia Greenstreet Gwaltney

Claffey

Bryson Butler Callahan

32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 38-52, 53-54

37. 55.

56.

58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72-74. 75. 76-81. 82.

57.

R. S. W. W. H. J. S. F. T. H. C. M. D. R. M.

E. S. J. J. C. G. E. M. W.

E . Pugh

MacPherson Manson ( c o n s u l t a n t ) McAfee McCarthy, Jr. McCurdy Merkle Moore O'Hara ( c o n s u l t a n t ) Pickel Postma Richardson

N . Robinson A. Schmidt R . Sheldon J . E . Smith I . Spiewak W. C . T. S t o d d a r t R. E . Textor

J . J . Taylor D . B. Trauger G . D. Whitman W. J . Wilcox G . T. Yahr ORNL P a t e n t O f f i c e C e n t r a l Research L i b r a r y Document Reference S e c t i o n Laboratory Records Department Laboratory Records, ORNL RC

S u b c o n t r a c tors 83-87. 88-89.

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