Elemental Geosystems, 5e (Christopherson) Chapter 7 Global Climate Systems

1) An area defined by characteristic, long-term weather patterns is called A) a biome.

B)

an average weather place. C) an ecosystem. D) a climatic region. Answer: D ) Climate is A)

the weather of a region. B) the short-term condition of the atmosphere. C) the long-term condition of the atmosphere. D) a reference to temperat!re patterns only. Answer: C ") #lobal climate change A) has been lin$ed to floods, dro!ghts, and record high temperat!res. B)

in the ne%t &' years is e%pected to be greater than the last 1(,''' years combined. C) is affecting weather patterns, plant and animal distrib!tions, and melting glaciers. D) has increased the spread of infectio!s diseases. )) all of the above Answer: ) *) Based on principles disc!ssed earlier in the co!rse, yo! $now that as distance from the e+!ator increases, seasonal variation in temperat!re tends to A) increase.

B)

decrease.

C)

remain constant. Answer: A &) Based on principles disc!ssed earlier in the co!rse, yo! $now that if the earth,s a%ial tilt were to decrease from ".& degrees to 1.& degrees A) winters wo!ld become colder. B) s!mmers wo!ld become hotter. C) seasonal temperat!res wo!ld become less e%treme. D) temperat!res wo!ld not change at all from season to season. Answer:

C -) Based on principles disc!ssed earlier in the co!rse, yo! $now that the ann!al temperat!re range of places located in the interior of a continent is ........ those located along the coast at the same latit!de. A) greater than B) less than

C)

the same as Answer: A

/) 0n which of the following areas wo!ld the least amo!nt of precipitation occ!r1 A) in areas affected by maritime air masses B) along windward coasts C) in low-press!re regions D) on the leeward side of a mo!ntain range in the interior of a continent Answer: D () Based on principles disc!ssed earlier in the co!rse, yo! $now that areas dominated by maritime air masses will be relatively ........, and that those dominated by c2 air masses will be relatively ......... A) wet3 wet

B)

wet3 dry

C)

dry3 wet

D)

dry3 dry

Answer:

B 4) As regards average ann!al precipitation, which of the following is correct1 A) 2he highest amo!nts occ!r thro!gho!t s!btropical latit!des. B) 2he drier regions are associated with the eastern portions of ma5or landmasses. C)

2he precipitation tends to increase with latit!de toward the poles. D) 2he highest average val!es occ!r along the e+!ator. Answer: D 1') 67ot and wet6 temperat!re and precipitation patterns are characteristic of A) rain forests in the e+!atorial tropics. B) h!mid continental climates that have mild s!mmers. C) highland climates. D) cold steppe climates. Answer: A 11) 6Cold and dry6 temperat!re and precipitation patterns are characteristic of A) s!btropical latit!des. B) h!mid continental climates that have mild s!mmers. C) polar climates. D) taiga regions that have cool s!mmers. Answer: C 1 )

2he events associated with the 144/-144( )89: A) did more than ;(' billion in damages worldwide. B) $illed at least "',''' people. C) displaced "'' million people. D) all of the above Answer: D

1") <hich is not tr!e of 2he )l 8i=o 9o!thern :scillation >)89:) phenomenon1 A) 0t creates the largest variation in climate from year to year on a global scale. B) 0t involves higher than normal press!re in the western ?acific and lower than normal press!re in the eastern ?acific, reversing the trade winds. C) 0t brings rain to some areas and dro!ght to others, b!t these effects are neither predictable nor consistent. D) 0t is lin$ed to dro!ghts in 0ndia, floods in the so!thwestern @.9., and dro!ghts in 9o!th Africa and A!stralia. )) 0t is completely !nderstood now, and can be predicted decades in advance. Answer: ) 1*) Aa 8i=a A)

is !s!ally stronger than )l 8i=o. B) occ!rs more fre+!ently than )l 8i=o. C) !s!ally creates the opposite conditions of )l 8i=o, and in abo!t the same strength. D) re+!ires temperat!res in the eastern ?acific to be below normal. Answer: D 1&) 2he ancient #ree$s tho!ght that the ........ Bone was the best to live in. A) torrid

B)

temperate

C)

frigid

Answer:

B 1-) An empirical classification is based on, among other factors, ......... A) the interaction of air masses B) the origin or genesis of the climate C) the mean ann!al temperat!re and precipitation of an area D) ca!sative factors Answer: C 1/) A genetic classification system can be based on, among other factors, ......... A) the interaction of air masses B) statistics or other data !sed to determine general categories C) mean ann!al temperat!re D) mean ann!al precipitation Answer: A 1()

2he a!thor of the te%tboo$ describes the vario!s climates of the world !sing a A) p!rely genetic system. B) p!rely empirical system. C) combination of both genetic and empirical criteria. Answer: C 14) <hich of the following is not one of the si% basic climate categories listed in the te%t1 A) 2orrid B) 2ropical C) Cesothermal D) Desert )) 7ighland Answer: A ') <hich of the following lists the correct, generaliBed se+!ence of climates from the e+!ator to the poles1 A) 7ighland D Cicrothermal D Cesothermal D Dry, Arid, and 9emiaridD 2ropical B) 7ighland D Dry, Arid, and 9emiarid D Cesothermal D Cicrothermal D ?olar C) 2ropical D Dry, Arid, and 9emiarid D Cesothermal D Cicrothermal D ?olar

D) ?olar D Cicrothermal D Cesothermal D Dry, Arid, and 9emiarid D 2ropical )) Dry, Arid, and 9emiarid D 2ropical D Cicrothermal D ?olar D Cesothermal Answer: C 1) 2he tropical rain-forest climate receives most of its rainfall as a res!lt of ......... A) frontal !plift B) orographic !plift C) convectional !plift Answer: C ) 0n terms of total land and ocean area, which of the following climate classifications is the most e%tensive at "- percent percent of )arth,s s!rface1 A) 2ropical climates B) Dry, Arid, and 9emiarid climates C) Cesothermal climates D) Cicrothermal climates Answer: A ") <hich of the following is false regarding the tropical rain-forest climate1

A) 0t is infl!enced by the 02CE year-ro!nd. B) 0t does not e%perience a winter season. C) 2he ann!al temperat!re range is larger than the daily temperat!re range. D) 2h!nderstorms occ!r almost daily. Answer: C *) <hich of the following is false regarding the tropical rain-forest ecosystem1 A) 2he soils are n!trient-poor. B) Fery little light reaches the forest floor. C) :rganic matter decomposes very rapidly. D) Aow-growing vegetation is dense on the forest floor. Answer: D &) 2he b!l$ of the AmaBon Giver drainage basin is dominated by which one of the following climate classifications1 A) 2ropical Consoon B) 2ropical 9avanna C) 2ropical Gain Horest

D) 7!mid 9!btropical, 7ot 9!mmer Climates, Coist All Iear Answer: C -) 2he dry season in the tropical monsoon climate occ!rs when A) cold air masses dominate the region. B) the 02CE is not overhead. C) the 02CE is overhead. D) cold ocean c!rrents shift into the region. Answer: B

/) 2he wet season monsoon of 9) Asia occ!rs d!ring the ........ season d!e to the presence of the ........ over the continent. A) winter3 s!btropical high B) winter3 02CE C) s!mmer3 s!btropical high D) s!mmer3 02CE Answer: D () 2he 2ropical 9avanna climate has A) the 02CE in s!mmer and the s!btropical high in winter. B) the polar front in winter and the s!btropical high in s!mmer. C) the 02CE all year-ro!nd. D) the polar front all year-ro!nd. Answer: A 4) 2he h!mid s!btropical climate receives ........ precipitation d!ring the s!mmer and ........ precipitation in winter. A) convectional3 frontal B) frontal3 convectional

C) orographic3 frontal D) convectional3 02CE Answer: A "') 2he ?acific 8orthwest region of the @.9. is a moist environment beca!se of A) the effect of maritime air masses. B) the presence of mo!ntains. C) the predominant direction the winds blow at that latit!de >abo!t *& to &' degrees north). D) all of the above )) A and B only Answer: D "1) <hich of the following is not tr!e of Carine <est Coast climates1 A) 2hey are dominated by m? air masses. B) 2he air masses in this region are !nstable. C) 2hese climates e%perience very cold winters beca!se of their high latit!de >abo!t *& degrees to && degrees north). D) 2he weather is +!ite !npredictable.

Answer: C " ) Mediterranean dry-summer climates A) e%perience dry conditions in s!mmer d!e to the s!btropical high overhead. B) e%perience wet conditions in winter d!e to the 02CE overhead. C) are bordered poleward by steppe climates. D) e%perience wet conditions in s!mmer d!e to the 02CE overhead. Answer: A "") <hich of the following is false regarding the Cediterranean climate classification1 A) 9!mmers are hot. B) /' percent of the precipitation occ!rs in the winter months. C) 0t is also called the Cidlatit!de 7ot 9teppe climate. D) 2he b!l$ of precipitation occ!rs in the winter months. Answer: C "*) Aos Angeles, located in a Cediterranean climate Bone, is $ept ........ d!ring the s!mmer beca!se of the presence of ......... A) dry3 mo!ntains along the western side of the city

B) dry3 the cold California c!rrent off the coast C) wet3 the 02CE overhead D) wet3 the warm California c!rrent off the coast Answer: B "&) <hich type of vegetation grows in the Cediterranean climate1 A) taiga

B)

chaparral

C)

rain forest

D)

boreal forest Answer: B "-) Atlanta, #eorgia, B!enos Aires, Argentina, and 8agasa$i, Japan all share long hot s!mmers, year ro!nd rainfall, and the following climate classification. A) 7!mid Continental, 7ot 9!mmer B) 7!mid 9!btropical, 7ot 9!mmer, Coist All Iear C) Cediterranean D) Cidlatit!de Cold 9teppe

Answer: B "/) <hich of the following is tr!e of microthermal climates1 A) 2hey have a small seasonal temperat!re range, hence the term microthermal. B) Beca!se of the latit!de at which they occ!r, these climates occ!py the largest land area of any climate. C) 0n the 9o!thern 7emisphere, these climates develop only in highland regions. D) All of the s!btypes of this climate have a !niform ann!al precipitation regime. Answer: C "() <hich of the following is not tr!e of the 7!mid Continental, 7ot 9!mmer climate region1 A) 0t has mild winters. B) Cost of the precipitation occ!rs in s!mmer. C) 0t is infl!enced by maritime air masses in s!mmer. D) 0t is one of the regions that e%periences significant frontal activity beca!se of the interaction of conflicting air masses in winter. )) 0t is dominated by c? air masses in winter. Answer: A "4) 2he largest percentage of )arth,s pop!lation lives within the

A) 2ropical climates. B) Dry, Arid, and 9emiarid climates. C) Cesothermal climates. D) Cicrothermal climates. Answer: C

*') <hich climatic region contains and feeds the greatest n!mber of people in the world1 A) 2ropical Gain Horest B) 2ropical 9avanna C) Cesothermal D) Cicrothermal Answer: C *1) Bl!efield, <est Firginia, in the eastern @nited 9tates, is within which climate classification despite its eastern location in the Appalachians1 A) Carine <est Coast B) 7!mid 9!btropical 7ot 9!mmer, Coist All Iear C) 7ighland

D)

7!mid Continental 7ot 9!mmer Answer: A * ) 2he coldest climate on )arth, o!tside of either polar region, is the A) 7!mid 9!btropical 7ot to <arm 9!mmer, Dry <inter. B) 7!mid Continental <arm 9!mmer. C)

0ce Cap and 0ce 9heet. D) 9!barctic. Answer: D *") <hich of the following is tr!e of an 0ce Cap and 0ce 9heet climate1 A) 0ts warmest month averages above 1' degrees C >&' degrees H). B) 0t is generally called the t!ndra. C) 0ts warmest month averages below ' degrees C >" degrees H). D) 0ts warmest month averages above ' degrees C >" degrees H). Answer: C **) 0f precipitation is more than 1K of the potential evapotranspiration, b!t not e+!al to it, the climate is A) 2ropical 9avanna. B) Desert.

C)

Cediterranean. D) 9teppe.

Answer:

D *&)

0n which climate region does corn, soybean, hog and cattle prod!ction dominate1 A) Cediterranean B) 2ropical Consoon C) 7!mid Continental <arm 9!mmer D) Aow-Aatit!de 7ot 9teppe )) 7!mid 9!btropical 7ot 9!mmer Answer: C *-) <hich of the following is not related to the 4(th meridian in the @nited 9tates1 A) 0t corresponds closely to the &1 cm > ' in) isohyet of mean ann!al precipitation. B) 2all grass prairies occ!r to the east of it, and short grass prairies to the west. C) 2he area bordering this meridian was originally dominated by native grasses growing in a deep-sod cover. D) 2he land is drier to the east of the meridian, and wetter to the west. )) Corn, wheat, and soybean prod!ction occ!r in this area. Answer: D */) <hich climate is characteriBed by the largest change in monthly average temperat!res, i.e., the greatest change in temperat!res from one month to the ne%t1 A)

boreal forest B) t!ndra C) ice cap D) dry-midlatit!de Answer: A *() D!l!th, Cinnesota, Coscow and 9aint ?etersb!rg, G!ssia are within which climate classification1 A) 7!mid Continental <arm 9!mmer B) Carine <est Coast Climate C) 2!ndra Climate D) 7!mid 9!btropical 7ot to <arm 9!mmer, Dry <inter Answer: A *4) 2he moderating effects of the ocean on nearby polar climates is reflected in the A) 2!ndra climate classification. B) 0ce Cap and 0ce 9heet climate classification. C) 9!barctic climate classification. D) ?olar Carine climate classification.

Answer: D &') <hich of the following is incorrect regarding t!ndra climates1 A) 2hey are a type of ?olar climate. B) 2here is no tr!e s!mmer in this region. C) ?recipitation is in e%cess of a very small potential evapotranspiration. D) 2he land is !nder contin!o!s snow cover from ( to 1' months. )) 9pr!ce, fir and larch trees s!rvive in this climate Bone. Answer: ) &1) ?otential evapotranspiration e%ceeds precipitation in all parts of which climate type1 A) 2ropical 9avanna B) Cediterranean C) all Dry, Arid, and 9emiarid climates D) ?olar

Answer:

C & ) 2he most e%tensive climate types over land, dominating "& percent of )arth,s land area, are ........ climates.

A) 2ropical

B)

Dry Arid and 9emiarid C) Cesothermal D) Cicrothermal Answer: B &") 0f precipitation is less than 1K potential evapotranspiration, the climate is A) 2ropical Gain Horest. B) Desert.

C)

2ropical 9avanna. D) 9teppe.

Answer:

B &*) <hich type of plants grow in desert climates1 A) taiga

B)

boreal forests C) %erophytic

D)

chaparral Answer: C &&) Cany of the desert regions of the so!thwestern @.9. have developed as a res!lt of A) their interior position within the continent. B) the presence of mo!ntains to the west of their location. C) their location within a low-press!re Bone. D) all of the above )) A and B only Answer: D &-) 2he Aow-Aatit!de 7ot Desert climates occ!r A) in the tropics and s!btropics. B) in midlatit!de rainshadow positions. C) in polar regions. D) along the midlatit!de, west coasts of continents. Answer: A &/)

#lobal climate change A) has been dominated by global warming. B) incl!des shifting climate Bones. C) is lin$ed to rising sea levels. D) is evidenced by melting glaciers worldwide. )) all of the above Answer: ) &() <hich is false regarding global warming1 A)

2here is a s!rprising lac$ of correlation between B)

levels and temperat!res.

2he last two decades have been the warmest ever recorded. C) 2he warmest year ever recorded was 144(, followed by ''1, and 144/. D) 2he rate at which global temperat!res are rising is higher than anywhere else in the entire meas!red temperat!re record. )) )arth is within 1LC >1.(LH) of the warmest temperat!re of the last 1 &,''' years. Answer: A &4) According to global climate change predictions made by the 0ntergovernmental ?anel on Climate Change >0?CC), temperat!res by the year AD 1'' will be A)

from 1.*C > .&H) to &.(C >1'.*H) degrees higher than 144'. B) abo!t the same as the 14&' to 14(' period. C) *.&C degrees lower than the 14&' to 14(' period. D) warmerand by the same amo!nt at the e+!ator as in the polar regions. Answer: A

-') #reenho!se gases act to ........ temperat!res by ........ thermal infrared radiation. A) increase3 trapping B) increase3 reflecting C) decrease3 bloc$ing D) decrease3 trapping Answer: A -1) #reenho!se gasses act to increase temperat!res by absorbing and releasing A) shortwave energy travelling from )arth into space. B) shortwave energy from entering )arth,s energy system. C) longwave energy travelling from )arth into space. D) longwave energy from entering )arth,s energy system. Answer: C - ) 2he gas that is tho!ght to be responsible for more than half of the anthropogenic warming of the atmosphere is A) methane.

B)

water vapor. C)

carbon dio%ide. D) CHCs.

Answer:

C -") <hich of these statements isKare tr!e regarding carbon dio%ide1 A) C: levels are now "1M higher than before the 0nd!strial Gevol!tion. B) 2he rate of increase is greater than any time in the last ',''' years, while the total amo!nt is greater than any time in the last * ',''' years. C) 0t is responsible for -*M of global warming. D) #lobal emissions in ''' were *''M greater than in 14&', and the @.9. prod!ced *M of that total. )) 2hey are all tr!e. Answer: ) -*) #eneral circ!lation models >#CCs) of the atmosphere A) prod!ce very specific res!lts as to time and place. B) are now in operation at over a doBen places in the @nited 9tates. C) are based on statistical three-dimensional bo%es that characteriBe portions of the atmosphere and ocean in terms of climate-related variables. D) are essentially !nrelated to mathematical models originally established for forecasting weather. Answer:

C -&) <hich is false regarding the 0ntergovernmental ?anel on Climate Change >0?CC) reports1 A) 2hey state that global temperat!res are e%pected to contin!e to rise !nder all climate models. B) 2hey show the lac$ of scientific agreement abo!t whether the climate is changing. C) 2hey state that glacial ice is melting worldwide, and river and la$e ice is melting sooner in the spring. D) 2hey incl!de new and stronger evidence that most of global warming is h!man ca!sed. )) 2he 2hird Assessment Geport was a!thored by 1/ lead a!thors, &1& contrib!ting a!thors, * ' reviewers, and &'' peer review scientists. Answer: B

--) <hich of the following is not a conse+!ence of a potential global warming over the ne%t cent!ry1 A) ?oleward climate region shift of 1&'-&&' $m >4' -"&' mi.). B) An average of "'M of forests will !ndergo ma5or species shifts. C) 2ropical diseases will spread to the s!btropics and midlatit!des. D) 7igh latit!de ice fields will grad!al increase in thic$ness and area. )) 9ea level rise of .11-.(( m >*."-"*.- in.). Answer: D -/) <hich of the following is a predicted conse+!ence of the greenho!se effect1 A) flooding of low-lying coastal areas B) spread of tropical diseases to regions now !naffected by them C) change in species composition of forest ecosystems D) change in international trade relationshipsespecially those pertaining to food )) all of the above Answer: ) -() <hich of the following is tr!e regarding the concentration of A) in the lower atmosphere1

Hrom 1/&' to the present it has increased by more than ""M . B) 0t has stabiliBed. C) 0t is presently at 1&' ppm. D) 0t is !nrelated to the replacement rate for harvested and cleared forests. Answer: A -4) <hich of the following is incorrect relative to a rise in sea level1 A) Abo!t & percent of the rising level is d!e to thermal e%pansion. B) Concern is foc!sed on the contrib!tion from the melting of already floating ice. C) 2he largest contrib!tor to the sea level rise is the melting of ice on land. D) 9ea level has risen an estimated 1' to ' cm >* to ( in) this cent!ry. Answer: B /') 2he warmest years in the history of weather instr!ments were A) recorded d!ring the period 141' to 14 1. B) recorded d!ring the last two decades. C) observed in the 1(('s and 1(4's. D)

recorded in the first half of this cent!ry. Answer: B /1) <hich of the following is not tr!e regarding the 8ovember 144' pledge agreement reached by 1"' nations1 A) 2hey agreed to a red!ction of carbon dio%ide and other radiatively active gas emissions. B) 2here was a recognition that h!man activities are forcing a greenho!se warming. C) 2he @nited 9tates, as the largest single prod!cer of e%cessive C: , signed the initial agreement. D) 2he agreement recogniBed the importance of governmental policies on energy conservation and fossil f!el !se patterns. Answer: C / ) <hich of the following is false regarding carbon dio%ide in the atmosphere1 A) 2he present concentration is higher than any time in the last * ',''' years. B) 2he present rate of increase is higher than any time in the last ',''' years. C) 0t is responsible for -& percent of global warming. D) 2he rate of increase is decreasing. Answer: D /") <hich of these statements isKare tr!e regarding carbon dio%ide1 A)

C: levels are now ""M higher than before the 0nd!strial Gevol!tion. B) 2he rate of increase is greater than any time in the last ',''' years, while the total amo!nt is greater than any time in the last * ',''' years. C) 0t is responsible for -*M of global warming. D) #lobal emissions in ''' were *''M greater than in 14&', and the @.9. prod!ced *M of that total. )) 2hey are all tr!e. Answer: ) /*) <hich of the following is incorrect relative to a rise in sea level1 A) Abo!t & percent of the rising level is d!e to thermal e%pansion B) Concern is foc!sed on the contrib!tion from the melting of already floating ice. C) 2he largest contrib!tor to the sea level rise is the melting of ice on land. D) 9ea level has risen an estimated 1' to ' cm >* to ( in.) this cent!ry. Answer: B /&) <hich is false regarding the Nyoto protocol1 A) Canada, the )!ropean @nion, and A!stralia have promised to c!t carbon emissions by -M - (M. B) )!ropean carbon emissions co!ld be red!ced to less than half the 144' levels with a negative cost. C)

2he @.9. co!ld reach the Nyoto carbon red!ction goals and save ;/ to ;"* billion. D) 2he @.9. 8ational Gesearch Co!ncil shares ?resident B!sh,s feeling that 6the science is ,incomplete, on global climate change.6 )) 0t calls for red!cing greenho!se gas emissions to &. M lower than 144' levels. Answer: D /-) 2he condition of the atmosphere at any given time and place is called climate. Answer: 2r!e

Halse //) Climates are !s!ally stable over several h!man generations, b!t !s!ally change over longer time periods >tho!sands to millions of years). Answer:

2r!e Halse /() Climate change over the ne%t &' years may be greater than that e%perienced d!ring the last 1(,''' years, i.e., since the pea$ of the last ice age. Answer:

2r!e Halse /4) Climatic regions are characteriBed by distinctive weather patterns. Answer:

2r!e

Halse (') 2he climate of an area can be classified in different ways depending !pon the criteria !sed to define it. Answer:

2r!e Halse (1) :nce developed, a climate classification system can be considered complete3 i.e., it needs no f!rther revision. Answer: 2r!e

Halse ( ) A climograph is a mechanical instr!ment !sed for meas!ring climates. Answer: 2r!e

Halse (") 2he soils in tropical environments are n!trient-richas indicated by the vast amo!nt of vegetation that grows there. Answer: 2r!e

Halse (*) 2he 02CE migrates with the high 9!n and infl!ences the 2ropical Consoon climates. Answer:

2r!e Halse

(&) 2he Cediterranean climate re+!ires the !se of irrigation for most crops. Answer:

2r!e Halse (-) Carine west coast climates occ!r only along the west coasts of continents. Answer: 2r!e

Halse (/) 2he b!l$ of the world,s pop!lation lives within the 2ropical climates. Answer: 2r!e

Halse (() Despite its location of *4L north latit!de, Fanco!ver, British Col!mbia does not e%perience a single month that averages below freeBing. Answer:

2r!e Halse (4) Chaparral is a type of vegetation that is very tolerant of e%treme cold. Answer: 2r!e

Halse 4')

2!ndra can occ!r on high mo!ntains as well as in the coastal margins of the s!barctic realm. Answer:

2r!e Halse 41) Antarctica is b!ried !nder tho!sands of feet of ice beca!se heavy snowfalls occ!r there each year. Answer: 2r!e

Halse 4 ) 2he largest repository of freshwater in the world is in ice-covered Antarctica. Answer:

2r!e Halse 4") 2he Cidlatit!de Cold Desert climates are more moist than the Aow-Aatit!de 7ot 9teppe climates. Answer: 2r!e

Halse 4*) 2he tr!e tropical and s!btropical deserts on )arth fall within the Aow-Aatit!de 7ot Desert climate type. Answer:

2r!e Halse 4&) Cold deserts e%perience more precipitation than warm deserts. Answer:

2r!e

Halse 4-) )arth is within 1 degree C of e+!aling the highest average temperat!re of the past 1 &,''' years. Answer:

2r!e Halse 4/) 2he @.9. prod!ces more carbon dio%ide than any other co!ntry in the world. Answer:

2r!e Halse 4() According to #CCs, the polar regions are e%pected to e%perience a greater change in temperat!re than the tropics. Answer:

2r!e Halse 44) 9ome st!dies have shown that adopting policies to limit global climate change will be economically beneficial, even if climate change itself is not considered part of the financial e+!ation. Answer:

2r!e Halse

1'') 2he 0ntergovernmental ?anel on Climate Change >0?CC) has not yet reached a preliminary concl!sion or consens!s as to the occ!rrence of a global warming. Answer: 2r!e

Halse 1'1) )ven a small rise in sea level of only a few feet will have ma5or economic conse+!ences in coastal areas. Answer:

2r!e Halse 1' ) Aa 8i=a always occ!rs in the year following an )l 8i=o. Answer: 2r!e

Halse 1'") 9ome scientists e%pect climatic patterns to shift poleward by at least 1'' $ilometers d!ring the 1st cent!ry. Answer:

2r!e Halse 1'*) 2he Nyoto ?rotocol called for a red!ction in the emissions of greenho!se gases. Answer:

2r!e Halse