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OXYGEN
HEAT
FUEL
OPERATING PRINCIPLE
2 C2H2 + 5O2 = 4CO2 + 2H2O However, this burn does not all happen at one time. Normally, it occurs in two stages. First, equal volumes of oxygen and acetylene are ejected from the torch tip to burn in the atmosphere (2C2H2 + 2O2). When these equal amounts of the gases go through combustion, the inner cone is created and is readily visible at the end of the torch tip. The inner cone is referred to as the primary combustion zone on the primary stage of combustion. This first
(4CO + 2O2 )
OPERATING PRINCIPLE
Since both these residual gases are capable of supporting combustion, when they are liberated, they ignite and burn at a lower temperature than the primary burn of acetylene and oxygen are consumed. It burns in the secondary combustion zone or outer envelop, which is also called the second stage of combustion and liberates four volumes of carbon dioxide (4CO2). The last volume of oxygen combines in the secondary combustion zone with the remaining two hydrogen volumes that resulted from the original combustion release. These two gases react and liberate two volumes of water vapor (2H2O)
EQUIPMENT
EQUIPMENT
Oxygen Acetylene Regulators Welding Hoses Torch handle
OXYGEN
Drastically increases the speed of burning.
Burns fast and burns hotter.
2,000 to 2,600 psi. cylinder. Cylinder can explode violently if dropped or hit with object.
ACETYLENE
Compound of Carbon + Hydrogen. Unstable gas when above 15 psi. Cylinder filled with:
Porous concrete. Acetone. Acetylene added, combines with acetone.
Acetylene + Acetone stable at 250 psi. Never tip or shake. Always upright. Mixed with air becomes highly explosive.
REGULATORS
REGULATOR purpose
Two 1. Reduce high cylinder pressures to suitable low working pressures.
2. Maintain an even flow of these pressures.
REGULATORS
are:
Not interchangeable.
HOSES:
Oxygen is GREEN.
Acetylene is RED. Keep hose away from:
Open Flame Slag Sparks
TORCH:
Control the gas supply with two valves.
Oxygen Acetylene
Barrel Tips:
Welding Tip Rose Tip Cutting attachment
TORCH
NOZZLES
Cutting Tip
Primary combustion:
C2H2 + O2 -> 2CO + H2 + DH Secondary combustion:
Therefore, the tip size of the oxy-acetylene torch should be one or two sizes larger.
i.
ii. Aluminium has extreme hot- shortness, i.e., it is weak at elevated temperatures. It also is highly thermal conductive. Therefore, a welding jig has to be used. iii. There is a refractory oxide skin on the surface of all aluminium which has thrice the melting point of the base metal. It prevents the base metal and the filler metal from fusing properly. 5. During welding of nickel and its alloys, pure acetylene gas should be used. Also, it