Albert Szymanski INCLUDING. COMPARISONS WITH THE U.S.A.Human Rights in “the Soviet Union Al Szymanski Ze6 Books Lid, 57 Caledonian Road, London NI 9BU,‘Typeset ty Stuey Coombe Seif ghee Svc Union. Contents Acknowledgements Preface Introduction Freedom: Some Definitions ‘The Historia! Loge of Rest ‘Emigration and Ext Comparative Analysis ANoteon Sources 2. The Asian Nationalitos in the USSR ‘Origins of Soviet Power in Central Asia Economie Development Welfare Eidcation Cultural Development Politics ‘Soviet Policy Towards Islam ‘Anti-Soviet nd AntSocalist Nationalist “Atitudes and Movements _Attude of Soviet Asian to USSR. Tntervention in Afghanistan Consiusion 3."The European Nationalities in the USSR Economic Development Health Care and Education Giltural Development Nationalism and Disidence inthe European, Republics ‘The dewish People inthe USSR. Conclusion B 26 x 4 y 31 a 6 »4. Women in the USSR 102 7 Toleration and Repression in the USSR: The Rights of Women 102 191834 The Family, Housework and ChildCare 107 Civil War, Invasion, and Relaxation (1918-27) Education 10 How History Tudges: I Famine and bour Outside the Home 12 | Collecivization (192834, ) How History Judges: I. The Growing Threat of Protective Legislation 7 ‘Women in Politcal Positions is Tavasion and “The Great Purge" (1935-3) ena mT Traitor Mania nd the Moscow Teals of 93638 Cora ie The Numbers of Those Affected The Polis ofthe Executions 193638 5, Economie Rights vs Causes and Effects ting Stands Bs n Reconstruction and the Renewed imports E {of Invasion: 1941-3 25 Social Consumption and the Social Wage 4 Pee aa Job Rights By {G Tolerance and Repression in the Soviet Union: 965-82 261 Rights of Participation in the Management ‘of Enterprises 40 General Enterprise Meetings and the Trends in Contemporary Soviet Policy and the Dissident Movement The American Revolution and Civil Liberties 152, ‘B:Conclusion Federalists vs Jeffersonians: 1798-1808. 158 ‘Summary The Conflict over Slavery and Civil Liberties: ‘State Power and Civil Liberty ‘The Repression of the Working-Class Movement: Liberty of Public Advocacy x Depression, War and Civil Liberty: 1930-45 im ‘Trends in Rights in Capitalist and Repression of the American Communist Party and Socialist Societies 318 United States Support of Repressive Regimes i Conclusion 198,List of Tables 2 22 24 a5 26 2 28 29 Produced National Annual Income and Index of ‘Monthly Wages 19786) Repubie Percentage of Total Working Population Engaga in Dillrent Economie Sectors Health Cae 1971 Literacy: Percentage of Population Aged 9-9 Number of Pupils and Stagents inthe Union Republics Higher Edocaion by Nationality Sclentie Workers by Nationality 1971 Books and Newspapers Published in Union Reputsie, 1970 Speakers of Languages of Major Nationalities or USSR, 1970 Titlar Nutonaiy as Percent of Republic Population, 198-00 ‘National Composition of CPSU, I January 1972 Unie Republic Nationalities ooks/Newspapers inthe Navonal Language in the Baltic Republics Armenia and Georgia, compared 10 al Nationals, Women's Higher Educational Achievements: Some Comparisons hemecn the USSR snd the USA Disibution of Women Workers and Employes and ‘Average Monthly Earnings, by Economie Seon 1975 (USSR) Natron: Comparative Figures forthe USSR. andthe West 1075-77 Soviet Grain (Millions of Mette Tons, Annual Average) Soviet Livestock 1955-1979 [US Aid. Tnvestment Climate and ffuman Rights in'Ten Counties o * 2 Le Bo 197 Acknowledgements ‘This took ke aloes in Wie MIS words prodbet ofthe tte ‘econ of boy set Rory. te cong into ing hs bee tes of {he soil free eperting on mae ss author acting hugh ely my shoo. my stl pesos a US profes of silo, and ny Polis imlvemens us boo, perhaps mot tha thers owe geet, teal the lace of parent who shaped ny fname ated to uly tolerance, ber, athory ad feedom tao owes nt eat to ay teacher from Wad Seno ih Shoal tvongh te Uiveiey ‘ot Rode and to gragnate aba st Columbia Univesity. who introduced ‘melo the theres and deat sound te ution of fccom and ie My students and eonteachr atthe Unter of Oregon duis the 199s Provided continuing stimulation (aly rl, bu sometimes sapere) hich hada major impact on the development the eas in the Dock, But Mot othe ea Have been formed hough my poli inact ste the ate 1950. My fist oli ct wast ola the Nasional Aslan fr the ‘Advancement of Clorel eole tthe besoin of thee sighs morse {in 1980. My second wa, nae feast sad ter of oto "he studetaewspeper comparing he barh aie infeed by the ean af Wonen on asters wio moked St he dm ows to "hooves of George Orwell's Anetecn Fight Jow Inte ely 198041 fied my polis commarments a two: supporto il eke for Rack Frople, and suppor: ofc ier for a, pei for sadens who were thn abject othe (Stee dicandes) anveray date of oo parent omed the Ameer Gil Liberties Ualon and beame an tse ade eof the ight ofl vole the poll views A reat he Unhersty oftode Mand SD. Chapter n 196, Ins response, th onsale satin of Dean Qn, for briegagotown te st Co ‘muni Paty member in 18 yas to speak publi om th ap But rad ding the mld 196Ds wh he raion ofthe stedenand Mack movements, wel athe owth ery geerton ot Suppor forthe Cbun,Vsiames, abd Chinese Reautons my coma "Rel to sbract ci iberiee ee tasfomed int an appreciation of thermore funder ight of stionl ection a! lf-deternnatonSept wp inthe polica nd ieee tl exement ofthe ast half of the [obs ecu s Marst, ut ese my esr conta for quan ety and hts Donn se Cranford most be spec akaowadgd at my earch ssa fortis book. Secretly checked the references, quotation and {seus thereby mars ths wore conse song Stet 3 Betharked fr rupporte ftendeip sing the tinea hooks Rober Moitere, Neil MacDorldané An GousyofZeé Books a wales Bers donc and Levene lsat epi thanked for ‘inating to growth of thi anstrp ino al edged Bok fom (wo tone paper on Asn morte nd dade inthe USSR. Th ea Comment ad sogton were stl ote foning ane shaplag otha he ‘leon del wis andthe content ofthis work ‘Other indians who fave a an pnt ont ork trough various sombinations of inital senlton ad fends nla Se Jas ‘Mth! Ani, Caryn Derr, Catherine Due, Ga mbes, Esa Sp, MadelneiacDonale, Dav Et, Vl Bur, Charen Cheyney Ryan, Mike Gost Hay Harpies, Ron Wie, Jun Lie snd Ter Hie. Both Vik! Ven Nort an Doris oyla st ethaske fr ying the ous dae of the manoxrpe, The earch een athe Unreal) ‘of Oregon in partes Robert Leck ce aio one aa thanked ther maha sstance. And of ous llth people st my pishes hod the phil production of the aac st be My intrest in the theoretical questions of fosom an hts has deep roots y biography, bu wht competed eto wate ths Bok wash coslention the word nth 197s ely 1980 ewe the oi en tna on ala con ‘eakenng forces of ene. In sponse to the lerting growth both ‘faocaltn al anttanpeian movers trout the wot he esding forces of the advanowd capital outs fave counar tacked on ‘heel of Hclby. To th aos and oct Sopa of ato eration and works’ powe they hae oppor Teed, By eed ‘hoy saa adam to pail avoete wate Une wants fies o ‘opportunity tog rch feo or pesos nthe poo oun fo ‘inate neathy counts fedom for owner by. sel, hie sbour std otherwise oneal ihe ono, nore eres Using hihi sophissstd Macon Aveo chugs pws Weolopeal wat has been waged thaugioa he worn the vendor inthe fs develope courte, ai the oli countris tenses by way of dota waver, Wester fiedon hasbeen maikete 4 couiet To pully voce sos in the West promptly evokes the retort sees and 909i seh contrle? Stats os ag ning tnd, eh sony, pola! papa ations nependence gsi eve sist ssh ention.Necey, then, sot at fake 2 fotion en th quertion of il ibetereprenon inte soit cot. [Be tency of he estas movement argue tht sore eral fhe tall sos couse, ae nt rely salt, Bu ated now type of {lnc egal fmt morerepesine iam the oer ype Othe eta tov pc ro Mens e ccooses barren gn ‘odamentaly distorted ad thus us prs sauna umber of te pope in onde to sare, Another sector ofthe et merely dies all ‘rider of poli rpreion septa popapad vig writen bok onthe ba economi and polit mats of the Son Urn, ten scent lope fellow ip by atempting o complete {he wo srendy begin wth «Book on what eld the ost onpaing pula and theoreti queons: Wha about fesdon? The poston of ‘nore! What abut wosen? Worker's partiptnn and ecoomi ‘eur? What about tbe dient? The prion comps nd pyc wads “The took delenit the most ole charged question ofthe est of he 20h Cenry that of esom A slog for whch et any Bae Shale bod ad slered peneaton on both soo he Baresdes Probahly more tha ny other gostion peop elgs out eedor, (Gsiwy expres at onminet to fee eaterpi oc liberties, ‘somal iberton, sl dtetmiaton oss voto) nun desPreface “The story of scholhip cord ofthe ecepteee of end esance to the ens of he powerlines othe dy. Bron wa urn ate sake for advoscy ofthe hlocenre view of the ater, Cleo was pat unde tows set snd fred poly to rect es, od Copernicus works ‘wee pt on the Chun lage, ong fo the conic ene ent ‘Siders the word ofthe be Inthe te 19th al ely 20h Cextuses ‘te ntfs Heaof evolution ed tl better, Hens sbost te soi Work, chding the cheers of various soil poups, ate uray {Matto te dorian pole! eaiopy an steed tse reward, encouraged, dezauated. epesed, aceped, aided, on account ‘io sll impacrthor tanto fot odie her oppo ‘Torote Stephon Jy Goal: the hitory of many cee bjt tly roe ror ck ‘Gotu of fact fortwo aor eo Fit, ome tpi eed Tetouan Woes te tin of dts sol pac ow, Bony {ost change. The history ofthe scent view om race, fr example, ‘Ses and bad in ons of lef moult apd oe of rapt ‘hn and race! preston ha by vances a gene Keowee Goulds comets tee sowt rice apply eas atout elon, hts Sel acm cre more roel, ‘Fall seh femmes hoe sisi withthe queso of pl ponet te elfestnenesof dierent economy dem, he mossy of {Deal negalty and tho potenalie an efecto diferent odes of production, ae oe mot eral a thi patsy abject to scceptane® rvs onthe bm of faces extraneous to fac. The queens wi ‘hese impotence where often, fate eid ony 2 aia sl eh tig ett of ia pd 1 Spay of ci ns Sons mot a nin sa bck sh gunn wich em of omc a pa cee ins beams seine a been lito eee rene her amr ingen otc ea cea ohthicrbeonetoon ocmcaah Wome anh sel sy ate fe sc ne Mle a ple eng im ly sty py ct sect of ts ste tna hebirliaceo Te re ciel mapper cfs pelng batts han Serre ch Ul Stes hehe "Angosnce FREES) ences ne Rl ed tect of seat ty Srey ered Stone soo are ence ee ef le canna ak pitted no wether pane Tiyeame foe omy ‘uit commony,intecaas ave ssn moral stacment to some ‘ning Bs alleged acelvemeats Gomme rel and coneain is socosded in virally aig posing Views 19798, p23) terials inntaly to Gaag Im tho United Stato 1 reform orrvoatonary change. (Chomey and Hera 19736, p. 297) ty itenention wat overcome sent meat, ad aneeou8 heaton inthe Third Wo San porta tsk for he nei (Goma and eran 40-19) “Th US Cental Ineligence Agency well understands the power of eas srs predessy,he Oice of Step Sere In ct "peholopea ‘wtf ie funda front ofthe war betwen sot and painveything se or pronounced, about the sist soles andthe dese ‘ghs win tho bythe ators of Western governments and the ‘pokerpeopl othe corporatios as wells by those soit wth he ‘BiteaGony uablabed by sn unded by them, mst hus eesti Itulighe According othe Ofc of Strato Serves "holo war fare (io whch mon of tho US CIA bode seated deine as: Oy wc ted inte be talned ober than thov of eon meen ithoseeomned ans wh end foto he The all pean inflasne tho inettation of stance capa permeate at aly the work ofthe mextear tlie, but ao that of {homens "ak reget For conservatite aod cil {ntllctds and groupe to compat to prodace the ot ati mays plems bot uncommon The very concepts and detstions employed iy the bulk ofthe Left nthe Englsspraiag avanced capitalist counties Me ingood pata prodit of main Heal dicouse—adscouse tte cable wh snonopoly capa ttn nines of ty ‘Mihm spdoct ofthe Mat or aitenrvocat eitons. Fe ‘rampl, the Gfinton of soa se tactonal anaehpsyediast terms ‘St dread prtaspatry demecrcy, and th station given to intl ful feedom Gogo of comtoqeensa for cxuary working peoples hes) sre very nich a produc ofthe clas ber ther than the Maris tendon Ths wo ations of aa daoare nthe: AngloSxon Det tie alone a suit seve oobi the ret bulk of othervie ler ropseie ad spc! democrat talents opartkpate ia the {Great Batorton ad bcon (often net) part of the general NATO foollzatin pint rn exsting sol ad atonal erate, The ih saves old in the seemingly scholar bats on questions read tofeedon tl sncalon and above all in qustons st he ter {Selon ofthese tmo foi, har mest ta, the proponents bd pponents of ave hess the egal standards a scolnup ad proof trons The aly are vo hesy weighed on he side of those cols ‘ho age in favour of thei tate's psios that ate normal coun of ren cy ae gsrtted on tte tory, hwere ow the ats ‘Srovelwhetning the evidence oblize by ther opponess ns apis Pretec equ nso, nin advanced cpl counts. The only difeence ‘2GeP ecm thy ately now sols counts fen employ more EI mean fo acomplh oss obtained jas ws effectively, bol more de chy capa counts To quote Chomsky to Merman ge tp natyesaining on x aantry bass» presumptions tate ‘ello Ustate--. Those who dea acept he fdamental nese ste poapinga ae simpy excl rom the debate “is acm popup ic haben ale by snes epeton cot be Di Dirty and nogie pat o 8 1 natn trem pontsotvews.-(ehoky and Heme 1979, pp. 30,300) ‘oe theses defended in hs book at, of core, snacspabe ntl couse both the US andthe otber ‘Argo Saxon Democracies. Th ‘Sunt tnpct such thal they ca, end mos probably wl, be mised by {Bo majority a icesponsb wnat st examin he data pues presets THis took has eva weten wth, poesia cation, but with the sense of a ablation ftrveas he poiteldeates abou the potent of ational ero, ocalen al catalz. Hs emis Feet sa elton ofthe book’ oc oa the very nerve af capitals ‘ogy Lean only hope tat sient uber of readers wl be ale 0 ‘ona hk pc gent andthe comenteents toy bang othe vexing (tthe took to avert elute ny aguments easnably oben. gene, Oregon ane 18‘Other Hooks by Al Szymans The Capltat Sai andthe Polite of Clas, Wiatheop, 1978 Sociology Clas Concourse and Contatcions, Ven Nostrand, 1979 [the Red Flag Flying? Zed, 1979 The Laie of Impeatian, Prater, 1981 (Glas Sra, Praeger, 1383 1. Introduction ‘The quest fo feed, aie inthe demand for s-detemincon, Borat or “humn ight hs been an eetesngly dors ise hous bi the mod ace the end of Works War Two. The USA andthe USSR, xs own wayne ash feds eta pl of an eedom be tea and thunder tat ofthe ceri csnot ex 18 tr bok te notion of fiewom andthe once of una ish are {Ertnd, so the dogs to which brs redo of wahs reed thin the USA a the USSR sre compu. Tat eslest wa bate soem and Wester caps, he West, ts attemptd oaks foral vd bere he centrale betwen the {ao stems The Wesem meta nan dsomnaes store of Sv, (Gibar, Vetus and Eat Garman rls ‘sa olen in the US, ‘tthe diay feign fom the Sos counts, the epresion’ [Sr Sovit signs sal soon, PedSot Carter human igh campaign Stibe 1977-80 pened was peo on the sumption tht the US woul Te atecen( i ls propaanda war wth he Sovt Union by tering to ‘sah bation the rns of el Hse, od eter the Tight of po‘easonal and bus people fom Soca countess age from epenion tice nie US, The uly ih evel of formal x bert obtasng a he US, wasp, prove the operon of Western {spin whl eration rr sala cours prves the are of ‘oe Furth, ma gue hatte allopd bene of Frmal Iris in Soi conan wa of geste siaeance hap hogs onl iberation orc ere of mos ofthe peoples ofA, Ain ard {in Amerie Dettori sch hoe a Indonesia the Pps, Bar, Goetra Sal, the Sta am mst inate be sp- ore nthe fundamental tres ofthe peoples thes county resting The conditions or he ter developmen of formal eedon,o reverting the Tomf sch cedom es thoy sandy has To fopi of tae book thus ental to th ang log a oclug o ou ne: acs ‘espn,aman Right the Soviet Union Freedom: Some Definitions ‘ho tem iedon!has mean many things Ie has bon son a nae onspl Fedom rm carta eg sate conto -asfredom for ‘toh aul vo do whstetrhe ose wats epectv ofthe want nd trols of thes: that x formal ream. Coney as een een 2 pov concept enor for ach nv ob af acto the sti ‘icin of thor abe nants od sett sebstantbefendn. Th ater deftones on hedge ta wha cet fraes he eli ‘of matonal an wort gts, secucty-u hgh anda of ng ‘oc sect, and soon Many Zuma schewa devel a era of Fodor aad ih which tempts ocosterpone ‘tnt aps ‘mal freedoms (othe rate atmnaelcerument ofthe ober. For ‘example, nthe pos 1917 wd, Netra eps fres have commonly eletrated he foul aed fo sts for nds ba ‘ses wile soca forse emphasis the etaiament abate se omy forme oppress ess and paola. Tore we can sjtomaily sala the dares of ompation btwn the US und the USSR onthe ques of reefon I vert to define fou te To soi the ultra phono question a ernie {teow and attempt to def the stv conten ofthe te “eedon fever the er is ther tas redo wil be Ud gh he, [ed to mean soi eam. inc rom five wil, sth lo Sophia or ectgilconaps of esd "Ah he, sth legate added uo prope cai of ins or grovp en scey “Lge hat Cai 8 feprded by tone authority ator proper an tht when a [Sade stoma sucenfl "ight Inde both the ily ‘aac clans on wosity'sreourer(potie) andthe sal anase being slowed te ent eal fxs ih cts Ley ot dtonnate sein ne) : lies scien ih ate, Thin eprnch shot te poner {o goods or servis. Concent tha ps cana tate ‘ects: elaria fly commit soils whee, sasha {io appresion munis or proterions are apa a ne thet s so sate na cans can berm oats source Aight inthis bok, led to bean om sce lpia an arte by eter 2 tte orby soit ts witht the mediation oft sae epitnate las ‘nscciety its) cane santa! by Zrce (eg the poise or fora ction) by concensus prewar and ts do not nearly equ ive yp of ph may fully be dstngusbe: 1) Property ries: he og, niyo colin, to own probative property, tcloting the right Yo employ, or sterately ato be exploited Er deved pation ndcion aking: to aerate property sone own oF aterratiely, at to oe ones petimony. ren property OF ‘one's ob and fo mame the property steadier og alte {feet asuding the right tones not, Capon the produc, operate ‘enters and allocate labour aon asf) 2) Dierbution or consumption ht: the gt to a usrarteed dent finknum sandtd of consumption. This ice secs to edcaton an Keates, er fee or economia accents iment a di sbiy beets adequate owing height Co ob andor unenpaynent Benet 1) rites tn ight fl os equality fr al nln’ worn, ‘onal aoc, ako‘ groups eu eal som oe ‘on, joo, socal varies the pli! proces and so 0m on th ss terms a member he atonal majority (or roy ets pou aa sen Thi nclaes the right ous an eeopote'sown guage to Celebrate ad develop one's owe clase:as well the ih be ie fom $Mlceination ad sterperonal momions, sc a ec a 4) 0 users (or oma rhs tho mot base of thse peso ih fe what [sal em oa 1 Ebert, cdg the ite lene one's and Manohar, he igh oneal pation nd tae the ge of ee sarge ad dors, reproductive hts ho ight to pct it essere in one's petonal proper the ete relight a acc, personal bat and co on. Ch bate ao ale the ight to far wesinet bythe stats speci by the rial jae system Gc Ingsuck due procs ght sr fa alto kno the chars sen one fobosble to cestont ond accusers wth contrary evens at Input dary sda ight toa spendy tal fendom om pole tresont and tort and other ihimanepunentset). 5) Poti its: tight opti in the eit’ ola sion Iuklng process, and ial ote initainsm which ae ned (a: nnghbourood, ceca certs schol, et). (Papin in ‘conoml:nsttuions s ndhee pat prope ht) Thee ete, which might be consdred s proces rights, al ea level bere since tr exec affects ober embers of soy tos ene extn a the exer of eve Ibert and ts, hora, ave sa nore sujet a iaton nthe ner 0 ane emilrtions* Level bees neue the adic rps to penta ‘ters, rach a ed of the ress, public speech sstnby elgous ‘veroa soo o, nclacing the iat fo avocse a pais to alee the dso undermining of extn pila property