Number Bases -For SPM level there are

Base 10 four different type of number bases used which are Base 2, Base 5, Base 8 and

Base 2
- The number in base 2 only use digit 0 and 1. Therefore digit beyond 1 is not valid - 102 is read as one zero base two -1012 is read as one zero one base two

Base 8
- The number in base 8 uses number in between 0 to 8 - 4558 is read as four five five base eight

Base 5
-The number in base 5 falls in between 0 to 5 -40005 base 5 is read as four zero zero zero base five

The Place value

Base 2 23 8 8 83 512 5 53 125 22 4 82 64 52 25 Place Value 21 2 81 8 51 5 20 1 80 1 50 1

EXAMPLE State the value of digit 1 in each of the following numbers. (a)2418 Value of digit 1 = 1 x 80 =1 x 1 =1 (b)31255 Value of digit 1 = 1 x 52 =1 x 25 =25 (c)1002 Value of digit 1 = 1 x 22 =1 x 4 =4

CONVERTING FROM ONE BASE TO BASE TEN - To convert from base 2,5 or 8 to base 10 : express number in expanded notation : simplify it to a single number

EXAMPLE Convert each of the following numbers to base 10 a) 10012 = 1 x 23 + 0 x 22 + 0 x 21 + 1 x 20 = 8+0+0+1 = 910

b) 3225 = 3 x 52 + 2 x 51 + 2 x 50 = 75 +10+2 = 8710

b) 1678 = 1 x 82 + 6 x 81 + 7 x 80 = 64 + 48 + 7 = 11910

CONVERTING NUMBER IN BASE TO NUMBER IN BASE 2,8 and 5 - Perform repeated division until quotient - write number in new base by referring to the remainder from bottom to upwards

EXAMPLE 1910 = 100112 192=9 r 1 92=4 r 1 42= 2 r 0 22= 1 r 0 12=0 r 1

Write answer from the bottom to the top which will give you 100112

6510 = 2305 655=13 r 0 135=2 r 3 25 = 0 r 2

Write answer from the bottom to the top which will give you 2305

6410 = 1008 648=8 r 0 88=1 r 0 18+= 0 r 1 Write answer from the bottom to the top which will give you 1008

Other type of questions a)Given 2y+1 = 10000, find y 5y+1 = 54 Y+1=4 Y=41 Y= 3

CONVERTING ONE BASE TO ANOTHER BASE (BASE 10 NOT INCLUDED) Base p to Base q - Change base p to Base 10 first and then change it to base q Example Convert 1101012 to a number in base 5 1 x 25 + 1 x 24 + 0 x 23 + 1 x 2 2 + 0 x 21 + 1 x 20 =32 + 16 + 0 + 4 + 0 + 1 =5310 5310 = 2035

Meanwhile there is another method to change from base 2 to base 8 Number in base 2 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111 Number in base 8 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

a)Convert 110111012 to base 8 110111012 = 3358

b) Express 25 + 23 + 2 as number in base 8 25 24 23 22 21 1 0 1 0 1

20 0

Base 2 Base 8

Example 11012 + 1012= 11012 + 1012 _________ 100102

110012 10112 = 110012 + 10112 ________ 11102