QUASI DELICT CASES Araneta vs de Joya FACTS: Respondent De Joya, general manager, proposed to the oard o!

A"e Advsert#s#ng Corp$, to send R#"ardo Taylor to the US to ta%e &p spe"#al st&d#es #n telev#s#on$ The 'oard d#d not a"t &pon the proposal$ (evertheless, sent Taylor to the US$ Respondent ass&red Anton#o Araneta, a "ompany d#re"tor, that e)penses *#ll e handled y other part#es *h#"h later *as "on!#rmed thro&gh a memorand&m$+h#le a road, Taylor "ont#n&ed to re"e#ve h#s salar#es$ The #tems "orrespond#ng to h#s salar#es appeared#n vo&"hers prepared &pon orders o!, and approved y, the respondent$ ,et#t#oner L&#s Araneta, s#gnedthree o! the vo&"hers, others s#gned y e#ther respondent or -#"ente Araneta, the "ompany treas&rer$ Alltold, A"e Advert#s#ng d#s &rsed ,.,/01$2/ on a""o&nt o! Taylor3s travel and st&d#es$Then a year a!ter, A"e Advert#s#ng !#led a "ompla#nt e!ore the CFI aga#nst respondent !or the re"overy o! the total s&m d#s &rsed to Taylor alleg#ng that the tr#p *as made *#tho&t #ts %no*ledge, a&thor#ty or rat#!#"at#on$The respondent #n h#s ans*er den#ed the "harge and "la#med that the tr#p *as nonetheless rat#!#ed y the"ompany3s oard and at any event he had the d#s"ret#on as general manager to a&thor#4e the tr#p *h#"h*as !or the "ompany3s ene!#t$A th#rd party "ompla#nt *as !#le y respondent aga#nst, -#"ente and L&#s and Taylor$ Respondent provedthat some o! the "he"%s to "over the e)penses o! Taylor *ere s#gned y -#"ente and L&#s$I n t h e # r d e ! e n s e , L & # s a n d - # " e n t e " l a # m e d t h a t t h e y s # g n e d t h e " h e " % s # n g o o d ! a # t h a s t h e y * e r e approved y respondent$The CFI rendered 5&dgement order#ng the respondent to pay A"e !or the amo&nt d#s &rsed *#th #nterest ata legal rate &nt#l !&ll payment and d#sm#ssed the th#rd party "ompla#nt$Respondent appealed to CA$ CA a!!#rmed the de"#s#on o! tr#al "o&rt *#th regard to #ts de"#s#on #n !avor o! A"e &t reversed the d#sm#ssal o! the 1rd party "ompla#nt$ CA !o&nd as a !a"tthat Taylor3s tr#p had ne#ther een a&thor#4ed nor rat#!#ed y A"e$ It held that L&#s and -#"ente *ere also pr#vy to the a&thor#4ed d#s &rsement o! "orporate mon#es *#th the respondent$ That *hen they approved s#gned the "he"%s, theyhave g#ven the#r stamp o! approval$ As #t #s esta l#shed that "orporate !&nds *ere d#s &rsed &na&thor#4ed,the "ase #s o! a s#mple 6&as#7del#"t "omm#tted y them aga#nst the "orporat#on Iss&e: +hether or not pet#t#oner #s g&#lty o! 6&as#7del#"t, not*#thstand#ng that he *as o""&py#ng a "ontra"t&alpos#t#on at A"e8 9ther*#se stated, *hether or not 6&as#7del#"t :tort; may e "omm#tted a party #n a "ontra"t8 <eld: =es$ The e)#sten"e o! a "ontra"t et*een the part#es "onst#t&tes no ar to the "omm#ss#on o! a tort y oneaga#nst the other and the "onse6&ent re"overy o! damages$ <#s g&#lt #s man#!est on a""o&nt o!, #n sp#te o! h#s e#ng a v#"e7pres#dent and d#re"tor o! A"e, pet#t#oner rema#ned pass#ve, thro&gh o&t the per#od o! Taylor3s tr#p and to the payment o! the latter3s salary$ As s&"h he negle"ted to per!orm h#s d&t#es properlyto the damage o! the !#rm o! *h#"h he *as an o!!#"er 'arredo vs >ar"#a FACTS: 9n ?ay 1, @A1B #n the prov#n"e o! R#4al, a head7on "oll#s#on o""&rred et*een a ta)# and a "arretela$ The ta)# *as operated y ?alate Ta)#"a and*as dr#ven y ,edro Fontan#lla *h#le the "arretela *as g&#ded y ,edroD#mapal#s$ 9ne o! the passengers o! the "arretela C a @B year old oy namedFa&st#no >ar"#a C s&!!ered #n5&r#es *h#"h event&ally "a&sed h#s death$ A "r#m#nal a"t#on *as !#led aga#nst Fontan#lla #n the CFI o! R#4al$ The"o&rt #n the "r#m#nal "ase granted the pet#t#on that a separate "#v#l a"t#on ereserved$ The CA a!!#rmed the de"#s#on o! the CFI$ 9n ?ar"h D, @A1A, theparents o! the de"eased ro&ght an a"t#on #n the CFI o! ?an#la aga#nst'arredo C the sole propr#etor o! the ?alate Ta)#"a $ The "o&rt a*ardeddamages #n !avor o! the pla#nt#!!s$ The CA mod#!#ed the "o&rt3s de"#s#on yred&"#ng the amo&nt o! damages$ The CA !o&nd that de!endant *as "areless #n employ#ng Fontan#lla *hohad een "a&ght v#olat#ng the A&tomo #le La* several t#mes C as sho*n #nh#s re"ords *#th the '&rea o! ,& l#" +or%s$ De!endant m&st there!ore#ndemn#!y the pla#nt#!!s &nder the prov#s#ons o! Art#"le @A/1 o! the CC$ The de!endant ma#nta#ns that Fontan#llaEs negl#gen"e #s p&n#sha le y the R,C hen"e a""ord#ng to sa#d "ode h#s l#a #l#ty as an employer #s only s& s#d#ary$ <o*ever, Fontan#lla has not een s&ed #n a "#v#l a"t#on and h#s property has not een e)ha&sted$ ISSUE: +hether the pla#nt#!!s may r#ng a separate "#v#l a"t#on aga#nst'arredo, th&s ma%#ng h#m pr#mar#ly and d#re"tly respons# le &nder Art#"le@A/1 o! the CC as Fontan#lla3s employer or not$ <ELD:

A&thor#t#es s&&port the propos#t#on that a 6&as#7del#"t or a "&lpa7a6&#l#ana #s a separate legal #nst#t&t#on &nder the CC *#th a s& stant#v#ty allon #ts o*n, and #nd#v#d&al#ty that #s ent#rely apart and #ndependent !romdel#"t or "r#me$ Upon th#s pr#n"#ple and on the *ord#ng and sp#r#t o! Art#"le@A/1 o! the CC, the pr#mary and d#re"t resprons# l#ty o! employers may esa!ely an"hored$ It *#ll th&s e seen that *h#le the terms o! art#"les @A/2 o! the C#v#lCode seem to e road eno&gh to "over the dr#verEs negl#gen"e #n the#nstant "ase, nevertheless art#"le @/A1 l#m#ts "&as#7del#tos to a"ts orom#ss#ons Fnot p&n#sha le y la*$F '&t #nasm&"h as art#"le 1B. o! theRev#sed ,enal Code p&n#shes not only re"%less &t even s#mple #mpr&den"eor negl#gen"e, the !a&lt or negl#gen"e &nder art#"le @A/2 o! the C#v#l Codehas apparently een "ro*ded o&t$ It #s th#s overlapp#ng that ma%es theF"on!&s#on *orse "on!o&nded$F <o*ever, a "loser st&dy sho*s that s&"h a"on"&rren"e o! s"ope #n regard to negl#gent a"ts does not destroy thed#st#n"t#on et*een the "#v#l l#a #l#ty ar#s#ng !rom a "r#me and therespons# #l#ty !or "&as#7del#tos or "&lpa e)tra7"ontra"t&al$The same negl#gent a"t "a&s#ng damages may prod&"e "#v#l l#a #l#ty ar#s#ng !rom a"r#me &nder art#"le @// o! the Rev#sed ,enal Code, or "reate an a"t#on !or "&as#7del#to or "&lpa e)tra7 "ontra"t&al &nder art#"les @A/27@A@/ o! the C#v#lCode$ The d#st#n"t#ve nat&re o! "&as#7del#tos s&rv#ves #n the C#v#l Code$A""ord#ng to art#"le @/GA, one o! the !#ve so&r"es o! o l#gat#ons #s th#s legal#nst#t&t#on o! "&as#7del#to or "&lpa e)tra7"ontra"t&al : Flos a"tos $ $ $ en 6&e#ntervenga "&al6&#er genero de "&lpa o negl#gen"#a$F Then art#"le @/A1prov#des that th#s %#nd o! o l#gat#on shall e governed y Chapter II o! T#tleH-I o! 'oo% I-, mean#ng art#"les @A/27/A@/$ Th#s port#on o! the C#v#l Code #se)"l&s#vely devoted to the legal #nst#t&t#on o! "&lpa a6&#l#ana$ 9""ena vs I"am#na Facts: ,et#t#oner 9""ena !#led a "r#m#nal "ompla#nt !or >rave 9ral De!amat#on aga#nst pr#vate respondent Cr#st#na -egra!#a !or allegedly openly, p& l#"ly and mal#"#o&sly &tter#ng the !ollo*#ng #ns&lt#ng *ords and statements: F>ago #%a* nga 'arangay Capta#n, mont#s"o, tra#dor, mal&g&s, <&das$F ,r#vate respondent as a""&sed there#n entered a plea o! not g&#lty$ A!ter tr#al, pr#vate respondent *as "onv#"ted o! the o!!ense o! Sl#ght 9ral De!amat#on and *as senten"ed to pay a !#ne o! F#!ty ,esos :,./$//; *#th s& s#d#ary #mpr#sonment #n "ase o! #nsolven"y and to pay the "osts$ (o damages *ere a*arded to pet#t#oner$ Issue: +9( pet#t#oner #s ent#tled to an a*ard o! damages ar#s#ng !rom the remar%s &ttered y pr#vate respondent and !o&nd y the tr#al "o&rt to e de!amatory$ Ruling: ,ETITI9( >RA(TED$ The de"#s#on o! the RTC #s ?9DIFIED and pr#vate respondent #s ordered to pay pet#t#oner the amo&nt o! ,.,///$// as moral damages and another ,.,///$// as e)emplary damages$ +hat g#ves r#se to the "#v#l l#a #l#ty #s really the o l#gat#on o! everyone to repa#r or to ma%e *hole the damage "a&sed to another y reason o! h#s a"t or om#ss#on, *hether done #ntent#onally or negl#gently and *hether or not p&n#sha le y la*$ The o!!ense o! *h#"h pr#vate respondent *as !o&nd g&#lty #s not one o! those !elon#es *here no "#v#l l#a #l#ty res&lts e"a&se e#ther there #s no o!!ended party or no damage *as "a&sed to a pr#vate person$ Art#"le 22@A, par$ :D; o! the C#v#l Code allo*s the re"overy o! moral damages #n "ase o! l# el, slander or any other !orm o! de!amat#on$ Th#s prov#s#on o! la* esta l#shes the r#ght o! an o!!ended party #n a "ase !or oral de!amat#on to re"over !rom the g&#lty party damages !or #n5&ry to h#s !eel#ngs and rep&tat#on$ The o!!ended party #s l#%e*#se allo*ed to re"over p&n#t#ve or e)emplary damages$ 'anal vs Tadeo 'anal vs Tadeo @AGDFa"ts: ,et#t#oner here#n #s one o! the "ompla#nants #n the "r#m#nal "ases !#led aga#nst Rosar#o Cla&d#o$ Cla&d#o #s"harged *#th @. separate #n!ormat#on !or v#olat#on o! ', 22$ Cla&d#o pleaded not g&#lty, th&s tr#al ens&ed$,et#t#oner moved to #ntervene thro&gh pr#vate prose"&tor &t #t *as re5e"ted y respondent 5&dge on thegro&nd that the "harge #s !or the v#olat#on o! 'atas ,am ansa 'lg$ 22 *h#"h does not prov#de !or any "#v#ll#a #l#ty or #ndemn#ty and hen"e, I#t #s not a "r#me aga#nst property &t p& l#" order$J ,et#t#oner !#led a mot#on !or re"ons#derat#on &t *as den#ed y the respondent 5&dge$ <en"e th#s appeal$ Iss&e: +hether or not a pr#vate prose"&tor may #ntervene #n the prose"&t#on !or v#olat#on o! ', 22 :a spe"#al penal la*; *h#"h does not prov#de !or "#v#l l#a #l#ty8(ote:Intervent#on o! a pr#vate prose"&tor #s !or the p&rpose o! prote"t#ng the pr#vate #nterest o! the "ompla#nantto re"over damages$

<eld: =esK Under Art$ @// o! the R,C, Levery person "r#m#nally l#a le !or a !elony #s also "#v#lly l#a le$3 Th&s aperson "omm#tt#ng a !elony o!!ends namely :@; the so"#ety #n *h#"h he l#ves #n or the pol#t#"al ent#ty "alledthe State *hose la* he had v#olatedM and :2; the #nd#v#d&al mem er o! that so"#ety *hose person, r#ght,honor, "hast#ty or property *as a"t&ally or d#re"tly #n5&red or damaged y the same p&n#sha le a"t or om#ss#on$+h#le an a"t or om#ss#on #s !elon#o&s e"a&se #t #s p&n#sha le y la*, #t g#ves r#se to "#v#l l#a #l#ty not som&"h e"a&se #t #s a "r#me &t e"a&se #t "a&sed damage to another$ -#e*#ng th#ngs pragmat#"ally, *e"an read#ly see that *hat g#ves r#se to the "#v#l l#a #l#ty #s really the o l#gat#on and the moral d&ty o! everyone to repa#r or ma%e *hole the damage "a&sed to another y reason o! h#s o*n a"t or om#ss#on,done #ntent#onally or negl#gently, *hether or not the same e p&n#sha le y la*$ In other *ords, "r#m#nall#a #l#ty *#ll g#ve r#se to "#v#l l#a #l#ty only #! the same !elon#o&s a"t or om#ss#on res&lts #n damage or #n5&ry toanother and #s the d#re"t and pro)#mate "a&se thereo!$ Damage or #n5&ry to another #s ev#dently the!o&ndat#on o! the "#v#l a"t#on$ S&"h #s not the "ase #n "r#m#nal a"t#ons !or, to e "r#m#nally l#a le, #t #s eno&gh that the a"t or om#ss#on "ompla#ned o! #s p&n#sha le, regardless o! *hether or not #t also "a&sesmater#al damage to another$ :Sang"o, ,h#l#pp#ne La* on Torts and Damages, @ADG, Rev#sed Ed#t#on, pp$20B720D;$Art#"le 2/ o! the (e* C#v#l Code prov#des:IEvery person *ho, "ontrary to la*, *#l!&lly or negl#gently "a&ses damage to another, shall #ndemn#!y the latter !or the same$JRegardless, there!ore, o! *hether or not a spe"#al la* so prov#des, #ndemn#!#"at#on o! the o!!ended partymay e had on a""o&nt o! the damage, loss or #n5&ry d#re"tly s&!!ered as a "onse6&en"e o! the *rong!&la"t o! another -as6&e4 vs de 'or5a In Jan&ary @A12, De 'or5a entered #nto a "ontra"t o! sale *#th the (-SD Co$, In"$ The s& 5e"t o! the sale *as 0,/// "avans o! r#"e val&ed at ,hp2$@/ per "avan$ 9n ehal! o! the "ompany, the "ontra"t *as e)e"&ted y -as6&e4 as the "ompany3s a"t#ng pres#dent$ (-SD Co$ only del#vered 2,0GG "avans and !a#led and re!&sed desp#te demand to del#ver the rest hen"e De 'or5a #n"&rred damages :apparently, (-SD Co *as #nsolvent;$ <e then s&e -as6&e4 !or payment o! damages$ ISSUE: +hether or not -as6&e4 #s l#a le !or damages$ HELD: (o$ -as6&e4 #s not party to the "ontra"t as #t *as (-SD Co *h#"h De 'or5a "ontra"ted *#th$ It #s *ell %no*n that a "orporat#on #s an art#!#"#al e#ng #nvested y la* *#th a personal#ty o! #ts o*n, separate and d#st#n"t !rom that o! #ts sto"%holders and !rom that o! #ts o!!#"ers *ho manage and r&n #ts a!!a#rs$ The mere !a"t that #ts personal#ty #s o*#ng to a legal !#"t#on and that #t ne"essar#ly has to a"t thr& #ts agents, does not ma%e the latter personally l#a le on a "ontra"t d&ly entered #nto, or !or an a"t la*!&lly per!ormed, y them !or an #n #ts ehal!$ The !a"t that the "orporat#on, a"t#ng thr& -a46&e4 as #ts manager, *as g&#lty o! negl#gen"e #n the !&l!#llment o! the "ontra"t d#d not ma%e -a46&e4 pr#n"#pally or even s& s#d#ar#ly l#a le !or s&"h negl#gen"e$ S#n"e #t *as the "orporat#on3s "ontra"t, #ts non !&l!#llment, *hether d&e to negl#gen"e or !a&lt or to any other "a&se, made the "orporat#on and not #ts agent l#a le$ JUSTICE PARAS Dissenting : -as6&e4 as pres#dent o! (-SD Co #s l#a le !or damages$ -as6&e4, as a"t#ng pres#dent and manager o! (at#v#dad7-a46&e4 Sa an# Development Co$, In"$, and *#th !&ll %no*ledge o! the then #nsolvent stat&s o! h#s "ompany, agreed to sell to De 'or5a 0,/// "avans o! palay$ F&rther, (-SD Co *as soon therea!ter d#ssolved$ Amadora vs CA FACTS: Al!redo Amadora, *h#le #n the a&d#tor#&m o! the s"hool, *as mortally h#t y a g&n y ,a l#to Da!!on res&lt#ng to the !ormer3s death$ Da!!on *as "onv#"ted o! hom#"#de thro&gh re"%less #mpr&den"e$ The v#"t#m3s parents, here#n pet#t#oners, !#led a "#v#l a"t#on !or damages aga#nst Coleg#o de San Jose7Re"oletos, #ts re"tors, h#gh s"hool pr#n"#pal, dean o! oys, the phys#"s tea"her together *#th Da!!on and 2 other st&dents$ Compla#nts aga#nst the st&dents *ere dropped$ Respondent Co&rt a solved the de!endants "ompletely and reversed CFI Ce &3s de"#s#on !or the !ollo*#ng reasons: @$ S#n"e the s"hool *as an a"adem#"

#nst#t&t#on o! learn#ng and not a s"hool o! arts and trades 2$ That st&dents *ere not #n the "&stody o! the s"hool s#n"e the semester has already ended 1$ There *as no "lear #dent#!#"at#on o! the !atal g&n, and 0$ In any event, de!endants e)er"#sed the ne"essary d#l#gen"e thro&gh en!or"ement o! the s"hool reg&lat#ons #n ma#nta#n#ng d#s"#pl#ne$ ,et#t#oners on othe other hand "la#med the#r son *as &nder s"hool "&stody e"a&se he *ent to s"hool to "omply *#th a re6&#rement !or grad&at#on :s& m#ss#on o! ,hys#"s reports;$ ISSUE: +9( Colleg#o de San Jose7Re"oletos sho&ld e held l#a le$ HELD: (o$ The t#me Al!redo *as !atally shot, he *as #n the "&stody o! the a&thor#t#es o! the s"hool not*#thstand#ng "lasses had !ormally ended *hen the #n"#dent happened$ It *as #mmater#al #! he *as #n the s"hool a&d#tor#&m to !#n#sh h#s phys#"s re6&#rement$ +hat *as #mportant #s that he *as there !or a leg#t#mate p&rpose$ 9n the other hand, the re"tor, h#gh s"hool pr#n"#pal and the dean o! oys "annot e held l#a le e"a&se none o! them *as the tea"her7#n7"harge as de!#ned #n the prov#s#on$ Ea"h *as e)er"#s#ng only a general a&thor#ty over the st&dents and not d#re"t "ontrol and #n!l&en"e e)erted y the tea"her pla"ed #n7"harge o! part#"&lar "lasses$ In the a sen"e o! a tea"her7 #n "harge, dean o! oys sho&ld pro a ly e held l#a le "ons#der#ng that he had earl#er "on!#s"ated an &nl#"ensed g&n !rom a st&dent and later ret&rned to h#m *#tho&t ta%#ng d#s"#pl#nary a"t#on or report#ng the matter to the h#gher a&thor#t#es$ Tho&gh #t *as "lear negl#gen"e on h#s part, no proo! *as sho*n to ne"essar#ly l#n% th#s g&n *#th the shoot#ng #n"#dent$ Colleg#o San Jose7Re"oletos "annot d#re"tly e held l#a le &nder the prov#s#on e"a&se only the tea"her o! the head o! s"hool o! arts and trade #s made respons# le !or the damage "a&sed y the st&dent$ <en"e, &nder the !a"ts d#s"losed, none o! the respondents *ere held l#a le !or the #n5&ry #n!l#"ted *#th Al!redo res&lt#ng to h#s death$ ,S'A vs CA Facts: Carl#tos 'a&t#sta *as sta ed *h#le on the se"ond !loor prem#ses o! the s"hools y assa#lants *ho *ere not mem ers o! the s"hools a"adem#" "omm&n#ty$ Th#s prompted the parents o! the de"eased to !#le a s&#t #n the RTC o! ?an#la !or damages aga#nst ,S'A and #ts "orporate o!!#"ers$ The de!endant s"hools :no* pet#t#oner; so&ght to have the s&#t d#sm#ssed on the gro&nd o! no "a&se o! a"t#on and not *#th#n the s"ope o! the prov#s#on o! Art 2@G/ s#n"e #t #s an a"adem#" #nst#t&t#on$ The tr#al "o&rt overr&led the pet#t#oner3s "ontent#on and #ts de"#s#on *as later a!!#rmed y the appellate "o&rt$ Issue: +hether the de"#s#on o! the appellate "o&rt pr#mar#ly an"hored on the la* o! 6&as#7del#"ts #s val#d$ Held: Altho&gh the S&preme Co&rt agreed to the de"#s#on o! the Co&rt o! Appeals to deny the pet#t#on o! mot#on to d#sm#ss y the ,S'A, they do not agree to the prem#ses o! the appellate "o&rt3s r&l#ng$ Art 2@G/, #n "on5&n"t#on *#th Art 2@DB o! the "#v#l "ode esta l#shes the r&le o! #n lo"o parent#s, they "an not e held l#a le to the a"ts o! Cal#to3s assa#lants *h#"h *ere not st&dents o! the ,S'A and e"a&se o! the "ontra"t&al relat#onsh#p$ The s"hool and the st&dents, &pon reg#strat#on esta l#shed a "ontra"t et*een them, res&lt#ng #n #lateral o l#gat#ons$ The #nst#t&t#on o! learn#ng m&st prov#de the#r st&dents *#th an atmosphere that promotes or ass#sts #ts pr#mary &nderta%#ng o! #mpart#ng %no*ledge, and ma#nta#n pea"e and order *#th#n #ts prem#ses$ The SC d#sm#ssed the pet#t#on and the "ase *as remanded to the tra#l "o&rt to determ#ne #! the s"hool negle"ted #ts o l#gat#on to per!orm ased on the "ontra"t&al relat#on o! them and the st&dents$