SUMMARY

The bigger part of the wetlands in the Walanae-Cenranae River Basin (the Study Area) is located in the Tempe Lake Area. This area exists of the three lakes Tempe, Sidenreng, and Buaya, which have a respective basic elevation of about 3.00 m; 4.50 m; and 6.50 m (above sea level). Sidenreng and Tempe Lake are connected by a water way with a basic elevation of about 6.50 m. Buaya and Tempe lake are connected by the Bila River with a basic elevation of about 8.00 m. The outlet of Tempe, the Cenranae River, has a basic elevation of about 3.00 m in the upstream stretches. In the rainy season the water level of Tempe Lake can reach the elevation of 7.80 m (above mean sea level) with total surface area of 14,500 ha. In long dry seasons the water level can descend as low as 3.50 m (above mean sea level) with a total water surface area of 1,000 ha. In normal dry season the water level has an elevation of about 4.50 m (above mean sea level) covering about 10.000 ha. Land surrounding the lakes with elevation between 6 m and 10 m is in many areas used for rice and palawija1 cultivation, particularly along the Tempe Lake and the Sidenreng Lake. Results of observations show that the soil moisture and ground water level condition of land surrounding Tempe Lake are as follows: Maximum and minimum soil moisture is 59 % and 39 % Maximum depth of ground water level is 2 m

The lake water level on an average fluctuates from 7.80 m elevation in the rainy season to 4.20 m elevation in the dry season. In the rainy season rise of lake water level often causes harvest failure, due to inundation of farmland. In the dry season the area is used as rain-fed farmland. In this season crop failure can be caused when soil moisture is under the withered point. The local community often uses the dry lake area for palawija cropping. Agriculture residues from these crops are one of the factors causing sedimentation in the lake. This problem would be reduced if the water level fluctuation would be limited.

Common Indonesian name for rotation crops planted after rice. These are usually bean species and maize.

ix

The management of the area surrounding Tempe Lake is based on the inter-relation between the watershed area and lake surroundings. The management is classified into management of the protection zone and the culture zone. (1) Protection Zone This area is located in a lakeside plain, which has a proportional surface area in comparison with the lake. It covers the area from the highest water level up to 50 100 m landward. This area is a protection zone for lake function preservation. In the inland waters of Tempe Lake a protection zone is created to protect the number of fish species. Besides that it serves as place to preserve vegetation, inland water biota and birds.

(2) Culture Zone The management aims for the area surrounding Tempe Lake are : To maintain lake water level up to EL 5 m above sea level as lowest elevation and EL. 6 m as highest water level. Establish a green belt, which is to be calculated from the lake right of way line (50-100 m from highest lake water level) up to EL 7 m above sea level. Area directed as a farming land is located at EL > 7 m above sea level.

Water resources management in relation with problems of Tempe Lake and its surrounding area, covers the water resources management system which includes Tempe, Buaya, and Sidenreng Lake, and the rivers flowing into or out these three lakes. Wetland development has to be in line with the Tempe Lake Integrated Development Project (TeLID). Proposals for wetland development cover: Channels for Simple Pump Irrigation. Canal dredging is carrying out up to a depth of El. 4.50 m. This program has the purposed to obtain irrigation water sources and transportation facilities. River Improvement Project. This is part of drainage canal and river training works in the area that is always inundated by floods in the wet season.

Besides the above-mentioned measures, the following programs are necessary for management and development of the area surrounding Tempe Lake in order to adjust the program purpose and support the main works:



Determination of the district (Kabupaten) boundaries in the lake area The agreement on the role of Tempe lake management Information to local community surrounding Tempe lake to make them familiar with the planned programs Establishment of Pump Irrigation Water User Groups. Investigation survey and detailed design Priority should be given to works related the Tempe lake (flood) fluctuation control as Wetland development is depending on this.

Tempe lake management and development is related or integrated with other works, and therefore needs support from other sectors in the application and scheduling of work.

xi