CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

PART-A
1 . State the importance of construction management. To arrange completion of work in minimum time To effect economy in construction cost by adopting new techniques To improve quality and speed of work by modern machinery and equipment Have proper coordination between various departments and people by management techniques 2 . What are the objectives of a project? High quality workmanship Provision of safe and satisfactory working conditions Work should be properly planned and organised and carried out as per the specifications Motivating people to give their best 3 . Define preliminary estimates? It is an approximate estimate. It gives the anticipated cost of the project. it is prepared from the data collected during the preliminary investigation and on the knowledge of the cost of the project. it will help to decide the financial position. 4 . State any one wages act. The employer shall pay wages not less than the minimum wages fixed for that class of workers to every worker under his employment.

 The wages shall be paid in cash and the wages period will be one month. If any labour is employed on any day for less than the normal day duration, the labour will be entitled for full day wages. Every worker will be allowed a day rest with full wages every week. 5 . Define CPM and PERT. PERT: It represents programme evaluation and review technique, which cab be applied to any field requiring planned, controlled, and integrated work efforts to accomplish the desired goal. CPM: Critical path method is an activity oriented network. CPM networks are usually used for repetitive type of projects. In CPM the time estimates are of a fair degree of accuracy. 6 . What are the components of a project network? One of the major reasons for overruns in time and cost may be due to inadequate planning at the outset of the projects. The major constrains that most of the projects face are money and time. 7 . What are the rules for submission of tender? Name of work and location Designation of the officer inviting tenders Time of completion and type of contract 8 . Mention the necessity for quality control in construction industry.

The aim of quality control is to ensure the production of items for their intended use with defects and variations from their prescribed standards within limits prescribed. Quality control also aims to avoid wastage of time, materials and money by highlighting the point at which a production process is becoming defective. 9 . What are the types of accounts? Financial management accounts Tax accounts Governmental accounts Project accounts

10 . Define M-book and Cash book. M-book: It is the book in which measurements of all works and supplies are recorded. It is the original record of actual measurement of work done or supplies made/payments are made on the basis of these measurements. Cash book: This is an important accounts record which deals with receipt and payments of cash transactions made through bills and vouchers.

PART-B
11.a) Explain the functions of construction management and its relevance to government departments and private contracting firms.

11.b)Explain the merits and demerits of different types of organization and hierarchy of organization with neat sketches.

Hierarchy of organization:

A hierarchical organization is an organizational structure where every entity in the organization, except one, is subordinates to a single other entity. This arrangement is a form of a hierarchy. In an organization, the hierarchy usually consists of a singular/group of power at the top with subsequent levels of power beneath them. 12.a)Explain the various steps involved in the preparation of report and chart for a construction project with a typical example. To check the wastage of material and labour

To arrange completion of work in minimum time To effect economy in construction cost by adopting new techniques To improve quality and speed of work by modern machinery and equipment Have proper coordination between various departments and people by management techniques Completion of work within estimated budget and time

High quality workmanship Provision of safe and satisfactory working conditions Work should be properly planned and organised and carried out as per the specifications Proper supervision of work by qualified and trained staff Taking quick and correct decisions at lowest management level through delegation of authority Motivating people to give their best Creating proper team spirit, coordination

12.b) (i) Approval and sanction of budgets In the planning and design stage of a project, various design estimates reflect the progress of a design. Thus the general contractor will shift the burden of cost estimating to sub contractors. Both the owner and the contractor must adopt some base line for cost control during construction. As the work progresses , the budgeted cost must be revised cost to completion. A budget is a plan expressed in dollar amounts that acts as a road map to carry out an organizations objectives, strategies Hence the item such as labour , material , and equipment needed to perform various cost estimate. (ii) Labour legislation and minimum wages act. Labour law defines your rights and obligations as workers, union members and employers in the workplace. Generally, labour law covers: Industrial relations Workplace health and safety Employment standards

13.b)Explain the limitation and remedial measures of Gantt bar chart with neat sketches. Gantt chart shows how the project is planned and see instantly whether the project is behind or ahead of the schedule. The Gantt Chart functions as guide towards the direction of the project plan. There are different features to look for in Gantt Chart software which can help project plan achieve best performance. As much as Gantt charts have benefits to project management, they are limited. The first limitation of a Gantt chart is that it relies upon the work breakdown structure to have already been constructed - and for it to be complete. Should there be major tasks missing from the WBS, or should a major milestone be missing, the Gantt chart will not tell you. In fact, if you are attempting to create the work breakdown structure at the same time you are constructing the Gantt chart, you run the risk of having to recreate the entire project schedule if something is left out, a duration is mis-estimated, or another mistake has been missing.

Gantt charts have long been used by project managers in order to visualize the project schedules and task dependencies. Every action item and milestone are visually represented in a Gantt chart. The start times and end times of each task are represented on the chart, and a bar runs between the two dates depicting the duration of each item. Benefits of Gantt charts include clarity, communication, motivation, time management, and more. Because Gantt charts are so widely used, not many question whether dependency on the charts comes with disadvantages due to their limitations.

14.a) (i)Describe the importance of safety in construction site . mention the fire safety measures to be provided in the construction site. The construction industry , employing the largest labour force in the country , has accounted for about 11% of all occupational injuries. The cost of accidents is expensive. The contractors should never ignore this even if he has insurance against accidents. In addition , there are other indirect costs that rasult from accidents. The direct and indirect cost of accidents DIRECT COST: a) Medical care expenses for injured b) Workmens compensation costs c) Insurance premium increases

 d) Facility repair and cleanup e) Fees for legal counsel INDIRECT COST: a) Slowdown in operation b) Decrease in morale which affects productivity c) Loss of clients confidence d) Violation of these laws will be subject to punishment. (ii) Explain the safety measures to be undertaken in the construction site. Injury-frequency rate: The term injury-frequency rate is defined as the number of disabling injuries per one lakh of man-hours worked. Injury-Serverity rate: The term injury severity is defined as the number of days of lost time due to injuries for 1000 mam-hours worked. b) (i) Tender documents and processing of tenders.

(ii) Types of contracts

15.b) (i) Stores and maintenance procedure adopted in PWD