Oscar Castillo and Patricia Mclin

Type-2 Fuzzy Logic: Theory and Applications

} Springer

Contents

Introduction to Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Type-1 Fuzzy Logic 2.1 Type-1 Fuzzy Set Theory 2.2 Fuzzy Rules and Fuzzy Reasoning 2.2.1 Fuzzy Relations 2.2.2 Fuzzy Rules 2.3 Fuzzy Inference Systems 2.4 Fuzzy Modeling 2.5 Summary Type-2 Fuzzy Logic 3.1 Type-2 Fuzzy Sets 3.2 Operations of Type-2 Fuzzy Sets 3.3 Type-2 Fuzzy Systems 3.3.1 Singleton Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Systems 3.3.2 Non-singleton Fuzzy Logic Systems 3.3.3 Sugeno Type-2 Fuzzy Systems 3.4 Summary A Method for Type-2 Fuzzy Inference in Control Applications 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Proposed Method to Implement Type-2 FLC 4.3 Experiments 4.4 Results 4.5 Summary Design of Intelligent Systems with Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Logic 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Fuzzy Logic Systems 5.2.1 Type-1 Fuzzy Logic Systems 5.2.2 Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Systems

1 5 6 11 11 13 16 27 28 29 29 34 37 38 41 42 43 45 45 46 49 49 52 53 53 54 54 56

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5.3 5.4 6

5.2.2.1 Fuzzifier 5.2.2.2 Rules 5.2.2.3 Inference 5.2.2.4 Type Reducer 5.2.2.5 Defuzzifier 5.2.3 Performance Criteria Experimental Results for Intelligent Control Summary

59 59 59 60 61 61 62 75

Method for Response Integration in Modular Neural Networks with Type-2 Fuzzy Logic 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Proposed Approach for Recognition 6.3 Modular Neural Networks 6.4 Integration of Results for Person Recognition Using Fuzzy Logic 6.5 Modular Neural Networks with Type-2 Fuzzy Logic as a Method for Response Integration 6.6 Simulation Results 6.7 Summary

77 77 79 79 80 81 82 86

7 Type-2 Fuzzy Logic for Improving Training Data and Response Integration in Modular Neural Networks for Image Recognition 7.1 Method for Image Recognition 7.2 Type-2 Fuzzy Inference System as Edge Detector 7.3 The Modular Structure 7.4 Simulation Results 7.5 Summary 8 Fuzzy Inference Systems Type-1 and Type-2 for Digital Images Edge Detection 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Sobel Operators 8.3 Edge Detection by Gradient Magnitude 8.4 Edge Detection Using Type-1 Fuzzy Logic 8.5 Edge Detection Using Type-2 Fuzzy Logic 8.6 Comparison of Results 8.7 Summary Systematic Design of a Stable Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Controller 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Fuzzy Logic Controllers 9.2.1 Type-1 Fuzzy Logic Control 9.2.2 Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Control 9.3 Systematic and Design of Stable Fuzzy Controllers

87 87 88 91 91 94

95 95 96 97 98 102 103 107 109 109 110 110 Ill 112

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9.4 9.5

Experimental Results Summary

IK, PO

10 Experimental Study of Intelligent Controllers Under Uncertainty Using Type-1 and Type-2 Fuzzy Logic 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Fuzzy Controllers 10.3 Experimental Results 10.4 Summary 11 Evolutionary Optimization of Interval Type-2 Membership Functions Using the Human Evolutionary Model 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Fuzzy Controllers 11.3 The Human Evolutionary Model 11.4 Experimental Results 11.5 Summary 12 Design of Fuzzy Inference Systems with the Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Toolbox 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 13 Introduction Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Set Theory Interval Type-2 Fuzzy System Design Simulation Results Summary

121 121 122 125 131

133 133 134 135 138 144

145 145 146 149 150 153 155 155 156 159 161 165 167 ' 70

Intelligent Control of the Pendubot with Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Logic. .. 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 13.6 13.7 Introduction Adaptive Fuzzy Control Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Description of the Pendubot Plant Simulation Results with Type-1 Fuzzy Control Type-2 Fuzzy Control of the Pendubot Summary

14

Automated Quality Control in Sound Speakers Manufacturing Using a Hybrid Neuro-fuzzy-Fractal Approach Introduction Basic Concepts of Sound Speakers 14.2.1 Sound Basics 14.2.2 Making Sound 14.2.3 Chunks of the Frequency Range 14.3 Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Systems 14.3.1 Type-2 Fuzzy Sets 14.3.2 Type-2 Fuzzy Systems 14.4 Description of the Problem 14.1 14.2

171 '71 172

)72 l73

175 175 '76 177 '79

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14.5 Fractal Dimension of an Object 14.6 Experimental Results 14.7 Summary

180 181 185

15 A New Approach for Plant Monitoring Using Type-2 Fuzzy Logic and Fractal Theory 187 15.1 Introduction 187 15.2 Monitoring and Diagnosis 188 15.3 Fractal Dimension of a Geometrical Object 190 15.4 Fuzzy Estimation of the Fractal Dimension 192 15.5 Type-2 Fuzzy Logic 192 15.6 Plant Monitoring Using a Type-1 Fuzzy-Fractal Approach 195 15.7 Plant Monitoring Using the Type-2 Fuzzy-Fractal Approach 198 15.8 Summary 202 16 Intelligent Control of Autonomous Robotic Systems Using Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Logic and Genetic Algorithms 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Problem Formulation 16.3 Control of the Kinematic Model 16.4 Fuzzy Logic Controller 16.5 Simulation Results 16.6 Summary 17 Adaptive Noise Cancellation Using Type-2 Fuzzy Logic and Neural Networks 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Type-2 Fuzzy Logic 17.3 ANFIS Approach for Building a Type-1 Fuzzy System for Noise Cancellation 17.4 Modified ANFIS Approach for the Type-2 Fuzzy System of Noise Cancellation 17.5 Comparison of Results 17.6 Summary Bibliography Appendix Index 203 203 204 205 206 208 212 213 213 215

220 222 223 225 239 241