I NFORMATiON T ECHNOLOGY C URRiCULUM I NTEGRATiON

ENCYCLOPeDIA OF

Edited by: Lawrence A. Tomei, Robert Morris University, USA

The Premier Reference Source for Computer Science and Information Technology Management Research
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The Premier Reference Source for Computer Science and Information Technology Management Research
AbOUt tHe EDitOrs:
Lawrence A. Tomei is the associate vice president of academic affairs and associate professor of education at Robert Morris University. Born in Akron, Ohio, he earned a BSBA from the University of Akron (1972) and entered the US Air Force, serving until his retirement as a Lieutenant Colonel in 1994. Dr. Tomei completed his MPA and MEd at the University of Oklahoma (1975, 1978) and EdD from USC (1983). His articles and books on instructional technology include: Professional Portfolios for Teachers (1999); Teaching Digitally: Integrating Technology Into the Classroom (2001); Technology Facade (2002); Challenges of Teaching with Technology Across the Curriculum (2003); and Taxonomy for the Technology Domain (2005).

Information Science Reference (formerly Idea Group Reference) publishes leading, authoritative reference publications on all aspects of emerging topics in computer science and information technology management. These Encyclopedias, Handbooks of Research, and Premier Reference Source titles are unmatched in the depth and breadth of coverage they provide of highly specialized topics related to what people do with technology and how technology affects people across a variety of organizational and social settings. To learn more about this and other ISR titles, visit www.info-sci-ref.com.

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EDitOriAL ADVisOrY BOArD:

Antonio Cartelli Universit degli Studi di Cassino, Italy Junko Yamamoto Slippery Rock University, USA Mara H. Wasburn Purdue University, USA Elaine Studnicki Clinton Township School District, USA Lynda R. Louis Southern University and A&M College at Baton Rouge, USA Mezgr Istvn CIM Research Laboratory, Computer and Automation Research Institute, Hungary

The Encyclopedia of Information Technology Curriculum Integration advances our understanding of theories and research for the more general classroom covering a host of topics from active learning with technology to wireless computer labs.
Lawrence Tomei, Robert Morris University, USA

Sherry Chen Brunel University, UK Bill Grosky University of Michigan Dearborn, USA Jairo Gutirrez The University of Auckland, New Zealand David Banks University of South Australia, Australia Nurul Sarkar Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand Sue Conners Purdue University Calumet, USA Susan Gebhard University of North Carolina at Pembroke, USA

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ENCYClopeDiA of

Information Technology Curriculum Integration

TOPiCs COVereD: Computer-Based Assessment Distance Learning Experience-Based Learning Facilitating Technology Integration Group Collaboration in Education Information Literacy Innovations in Learning Technology Interactive PowerPoint Lesson Interactive Videoconferencing Learning Styles in Online Environments Mechanics Dynamics Mobile Learning Netiquette Online Course Design Online Curriculum Development Online Learning Environments Online Mentoring in Education Organizational Data Warehousing Pedagogical Agents in Online Learning Plagiarism and the Classroom Software Engineering Education Student Response Systems for Active Learning Students with Disabilities and Technology Synchronous and Asynchronous Learning Environments Taxonomy of Collaborative E-Learning Teaching with Personal Digital Assistants Technology and Student Achievement Technology Assisted Problem Solving Technology Support for Collaborative Learning Telementoring Wide Area Networks Wireless Computer Labs

Edited by:

Lawrence A. Tomei
Robert Morris University, USA technology plans to ensure technology will directly benefit learning and achievement, the demand is increasing for an all-inclusive, authoritative reference source on the infusion of technology into curriculums worldwide. The Encyclopedia of Information Technology Curriculum Integration amasses a comprehensive resource of concepts, methodologies, models, architectures, applications, enabling technologies, and best practices for integrating technology into the curriculum at all levels of education. Compiling over 150 articles from the worlds leading experts on information technology, this authoritative reference strives to supply innovative research aimed at improving academic achievement, teaching and learning, and the application of technology in schools and training environments.

As more and more universities, schools, and corporate training organizations develop

K E Y F E AT U R E S

Authoritative contributions by 128 of the worlds leading experts in 15 countries A single source for comprehensive information on an ever expanding field. Organized by topic and indexed, making it a convenient method of reference for all IT/IS scholars and professionals. 3,129 references to existing literature and research on information technology integration. 49 tables and 98 figures with detailed illustrations. Free institution-wide online access for the life of the edition when your library purchases a print copy. Over 1,100 key terms in the significant field of information technology curriculum integration.

978-1-59904-881-9; US $565.00 h/c Online Access Only*: US $505.00 1,144 pp; 2008; Available Now
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Formerly Idea Group Reference

CoNtributors
Sharon Cox Birmingham City Univ., UK Amy B. Crawshaw Robert Morris Univ., USA Steven DAgustino Fordham University, USA Eleanor J. Flanigan Montclair State Univ., USA Moti Frank Holon Institute of Technology, USA Shellie Hipsky Robert Morris Univ., USA Melissa B. Holler Agora Cyber Charter School, USA

James Adams Richard Caladine Mississippi State Univ., USA University of Wollongong, Australia Asli Yagmur Akbulut Grand Valley State Brian H. Cameron University, USA The Pennsylvania State University, USA David A. Banks University of South Kevin Carmody Australia, Australia Instructional Designer, American Red Cross, USA Mary Jane Barmettler The University of Southern Malissa Marie Carroll Mississippi, USA University of Maryland Baltimore County, USA Jon Beedle The University of Southern Chandana Chakraborty Mississippi, USA Montclair State Univ., USA Zane Berge University of Maryland Baltimore County, USA Kathy Blashki Deakin University, Australia Chuleeporn Changchit Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, USA Sherry Y. Chen Brunel University Uxbridge, UK

James Boulder Mississippi State Univ., USA Qiyang Chen Montclair State Univ., USA Steve Brown Capella University, USA Candace Chou Univ. of St. Thomas, USA Graham Brown-Martin Handheld Learning, London, Daniel Churchill UK The University of Hong Kong, China Lisa Byrnes The Pennsylvania State MarySue Cicciarelli University, USA Duquesne University, USA

Carmen de Pablos Rey Juan Carlos Univ., Spain Dragan Gaevi Simon Fraser University Jianxia Du Surrey, Canada Mississippi State Univ., USA Susan Gebhard Susan A. Elwood University of North Carolina Texas A&M University at Pembroke, USA Corpus Christi, USA Pamela M. Golubski Henry H. Emurian Carnegie Mellon Univ., USA University of Maryland Baltimore County, USA Martin Grabenwger University of Vienna, Colleen English Austria Robert Morris Univ., USA Marsha Grace David C. Ensminger Texas A&M UniversityLoyola Univ. Chicago, USA Corpus Christi, USA Bernhard Ertl Universitt der Bundeswehr Mnchen, Germany Stephanie J. Etter Mount Aloysius College, USA Robert Fitzgerald Univ. of Canberra, Australia Raymond A. Hansen Purdue University, USA Andreas Harrer University of DuisburgEssen, Germany Taralynn Hartsell The University of Southern Mississippi, USA

Andy Hollyhead Michelle L. Fry Loyola Univ. Chicago, USA Birmingham City Univ., UK Mary Hricko Kent State University Geauga Campus, USA Rui Hu University of Georgia, USA Xiaohua Hu Drexel University, USA Yukiko Inoue University of Guam, Guam Karen R. Juneau The University of Southern Mississippi, USA Pankaj Kamthan Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Mauri Kantola Turku University of Applied Sciences, Finland Yefim Kats Ellis College of New York Institute of Technology, USA David M. Kennedy The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Ian Kennedy University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa Juha Kettunen Turku University of Applied Sciences, Finland Terry T. Kidd University of Texas School of Public Health, USA

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Kathleen P. King Fordham University, USA Maria H. Z. Kish Duquesne University, USA

Larry Michaelsen University of Central Missouri, USA Jaideep Motwani Grand Valley State University, USA

Richard Peterson Montclair State University, USA Hassan Qudrat-Ullah York University, Canada David J. Radosevich Montclair State University, USA Phillip T. Rawles Purdue University, USA Griff Richards Simon Fraser University Surrey, Canada Tara Rubeo Robert Morris University, USA Janet E. Salmons Vision2Lead, Inc, USA Deborah A. Scigliano Robert Morris University, USA S. Manjit Sidhu University Tenaga Nasional, Malaysia Hongbo Song Yantai University, China Bettina Staudinger University of Health Sciences, Medical Informatics, and Technology, Austria Oskar Staudinger University of Health Sciences, Medical Informatics, and Technology, Austria Roland Staudinger University of Health Sciences, Medical Informatics, and Technology, Austria Alex Stone VLN Partners, LLC., USA

Elaine Studnicki Duquesne University, USA Daniel W. Surry University of South Alabama, USA Karen Swan Kent State University, USA Mary Beth Tierce Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, USA Bernhard Tilg University of Health Sciences, Medical Informatics, and Technology, Austria Lawrence A. Tomei Robert Morris University, USA

Victor C. X. Wang California State University Long Beach, USA Yingxu Wang University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada Vivian H. Wright University of Alabama, USA Ruben Xing Montclair State University, USA Junko Yamamoto Slippery Rock University, USA Harrison Yang State University of New York at Oswego, USA

Heshium Lawrence Mississippi State University, USA Eugenia M. W. Ng The Hong Kong Institute Diego Liberati of Education, China Italian National Research Council, Italy Sophie Nichol Deakin University, Claudia Lichtenberger Australia Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, USA Mabel CPO Okojie Mississippi State Chi-Syan Lin University, USA National University of Tainan, Taiwan Tinukwa C. Okojie-Boulder Mississippi State Hong Lin University, USA University of Houston Downtown, USA Herwig Ostermann University of Health SciYimei Lin ences, Medical Informatics, National Chung Cheng and Technology, Austria University, Taiwan Huanyu Ouyang Heinz Mandl Peoples Hospital of Jangxi Ludwig Maximilian Province, China University, Germany Sofia Papaefthimiou-Lytra Alke Martens University of Athens, University of Rostock, Greece Germany George Pate Mary McCord Mississippi State Central Missouri State University, USA University, USA Leslee Francis Pelton Edward W. McKaveney University of Victoria, Hampton Township School Canada District, USA Tim Pelton W. Brett McKenzie University of Victoria, Roger Williams University, Canada USA Gary B. Peters Carmel McNaught The University of Southern The Chinese University of Mississippi, USA Hong Kong, China

James Yao Lorna Uden Staffordshire University, UK Montclair State University, USA Mark van t Hooft Kent State University, USA Patrivan K. Yuen William Carey College, USA Kosmas Vlachos Steve Chi-Yin Yuen University of the Aegean, The University of Southern Greece Mississippi, USA David W. Walker The University of Southern Dan Zhu Mississippi, USA Iowa State University, USA Lucas Walsh Deakin University, Australia Dajin Wang Montclair State University, USA John Wang Montclair State University, USA Shuyan Wang The University of Southern Mississippi, USA Michelle Zuckerman-Parker Allegheny-Singer Research Institute, USA

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eNtries
Formerly Idea Group Reference
Active Learning and Its Implementation for Teaching Active Learning Online Activity Theory for Studying Technology Integration in Education Advancing Professional Learning With Collaborative Technologies Andragogy and Technology Anywhere, Anytime Learning Using Highly Mobile Devices APEC Cyber Academy: An International Networked Learning Environment Applying Critical Thinking Skills on the World Wide Web Assistive Technology for Individuals with Disabilities Asynchronous Online Networking Behavior Analysis and ICT Education Behavioral Theories that Guide Online Course Design Blended Learning Blogs Chat As New Pedagogy Classroom Without Borders Cognitive Informatics Cognitive Theories that Guide Online Course Design Combating Computer Fraud Communities of Practice Computer-Based Assessment Computer Supported Collaborative Learning Scenarios Computer Technologies in Logic Education Constructivist Learning Framework and Technological Application Critical Literacy and Technology Cyber Charter Schools Data Mining Data Mining Software Data Warehouse Software Database in Computing Systems Decision Support Software Decision Support Systems Decision Trees Desktop Publishing in Education Differentiated Instruction and Technology Digital Business Portfolios Digital Literacy Research Digital Storytelling in Teacher Education Discussion Groups Distance Education and Learning Style Distance Learning Essentials Distance Learning Specialists E-Commerce Models and Consumer Concerns Educational Accessibility to Technology Educational Geotrekking Electronic Textbook Technology in the Classroom Embedding Ubiquitous Technologies Ergonomics Evaluating Online Resources Evaluating Technology-Based Instruction (TBI) Executive Information Systems Experience-Based Learning Expert Systems Exploiting Agent Technology Facilitating Technology Integration Fair Use and the Digital Age Fundamentals of Learning Theories Gagnes Nine Events of Instruction Generative Learning Model to Teach Adult Learners Digital Imagery Group Collaboration in Education Group Decision Support Systems Humanistic Theories that Guide Online Course Design Immersive Learning Theory: As a Design Tool in Creating Purpose-Built Learning Environments Impact of Technology Individual Differences in Web-Based Learning Industrial Technology Pedagogy: Need for Human Relations Skills Information Literacy in the 21st Century Innovations in Learning Technology Instructional Design: Considering the Cognitive Learning Needs of Older Adults Integrated Curricula in Nursing Education Integrating E-Government into the Business Curriculum Integrating ERP into the Curriculum Integration of Digital Primary Sources Intellectual Property Interactive Multimedia Interactive PowerPoint Lesson Interactive Videoconferencing Internet Citizenship Internet Field Trip: Conception and Development Investigating Computer Forensics K-A-RPE Model Keyboarding and When to Teach It! Learning Activities Model Learning Community and Networked Learning Community Learning Object Based Instruction Learning Styles in Online Environments Learning Through Projects: Commonalities Among the Project Method, Project Based Instruction, and the Project Approach Learning With Laptops Local Area Networks Maslow in the Digital Age Mechanics Dynamics Mental Models Mobile Learning: Learning on the Go Model-Based Decision Making in Cardiac Surgery Multicultural Education and Technology Integration Multiple Intelligences Net Generation Netiquette Neural Informatics No Child Left Behind Online Academic Advising Online Course Settings and African-American Women Participation Online Curriculum Development: A Mezzanine Approach Online Discussion Groups Online Interaction and Threaded Discussion Online Learning Environments Online Mentoring in Education Organizational Data Warehousing Pedagogical Agents in Online Learning Pedagogical Characteristics Affecting Student Learning Piagets Developmental Stages Plagiarism and the Classroom: The Faculty Role in Awareness and Education Podcasts Promoting Cooperative Learning for Preservice Teachers Through Information Technology Reexamining the Digital Divide: Aesthetic Choice and Tech-Nos Scripts for Facilitating Computer Supported Collaborative Learning Service-Oriented Architecture in Higher Education Shared Networks in Technology Education Simulation in Teaching and Training Situated Learning Software Engineering Education: Prospects and Concerns Integrating Technology Software Engineering in E-Learning Systems Software Evaluation Spreadsheets Spyware Student Response Systems for Active Learning Students with Disabilities and Technology Synchronous and Asynchronous Learning Environments System Dynamics Based Learning Environments: A New Type of Decision Support Technology for Public Sector Management System Theory: From Classical State Space to Variable Selection and Model Identification Taxonomies for Technology Taxonomy of Collaborative E-Learning Teaching and Learning with Personal Digital Assistants Technology and Student Achievement Technology and the Standards-Based Mathematics Classroom Technology Assignments Using Team-Based Learning Technology Assisted Problem Solving Technology in the Cities Technology Support for Collaborative Learning Telementoring: Mentoring Beyond the Constraints of Time and Space Thinkquest Towards a Dimensional Model of the Stages of Online Learning Transformative Learning Understanding Computer Security Use of Technology in Urban Populations: Issues, Trends, and Discussions for Schools Varieties of Authentic Assessment Virtual Tour: A Web-Based Model of Instruction Vygotsky and the Zone of Proximal Development Web Logs Webliography: Conception and Development WebQuest: Learning Through Discovery Wide Area Networks Wireless Wireless Computer Labs

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