Dr.

Bambang Gunadi
(bbgunadi@gmail.com)
Occupation : Researcher Program and Budgetting Division Office : Research Institute for Fish Breeding 2012 : Doctor (Dr.), Aquaculture. Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia. 1999 : Master of Science (M.Sc.), Aquaculture. Aquaculture and Aquatic Resources Management Program (AARMP), Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), Pathumthani, Thailand.
Interests : Aquaculture Systems Engineering, Recirculation Systems, Aquaculture Waste Management, Fish Breeding

Bambang Gunadi, Priadi Setyawan, Adam Robisalmi

Research Institute for Fish Breeding

International Freshwater Aquaculture Training Course
Sukamandi, Subang (INDONESIA), September 30 October 13, 2013

Rohana Subasinghe : Tilapia Expo 2010 Kuala Lumpur

Rohana Subasinghe : Tilapia Expo 2010 Kuala Lumpur

Rohana Subasinghe : Tilapia Expo 2010 Kuala Lumpur

Rohana Subasinghe : Tilapia Expo 2010 Kuala Lumpur

Rohana Subasinghe : Tilapia Expo 2010 Kuala Lumpur

Fatima Ferdouse (INFOFISH) : Tilapia Expo 2010 Kuala Lumpur

Fatima Ferdouse (INFOFISH) : Tilapia Expo 2010 Kuala Lumpur

PROJECTION OF INDONESIAN TILAPIA PRODUCTION 2009 - 2014

Year Production (Ton) 2009* 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Average Increment increment( 2009 to %) 2014 (%) 2009-2014

378,300 491,800 639,300

850,000 1,105,000 1,242,900

27
481,440

329

600,000

Production Performance
464,191

Tilapia Production (ton)

500,000 400,000 291,037 300,000 200,000 100,000 2007 2008 2009 206,904

323,389

2010

2011*
10

Source : Marine and fisheries in figures 2011

TILAPIA PRODUCTION STAGES

Broodstock Management

Spawning, larvae rearing

Nursery I

Nursery II (Fingerling)

GROW-OUT

Fine Hapa, tanks 1 month

Hapa 1-1.5 month

Net, Pond, Tanks 2-3 weeks

Fingerling, 5-8 cm, 5-6 g

Net Cages, Ponds 2.5 months 150-200 g 7-8 months >700 g

Fry, 1-2 cm, 0.15 g

Fry, 3-5 cm, 2-2.5 g

Basic Consideration for Tilapia Farming

How many types of Tilapia species are there? Which ones should we raise? How much does it cost to get started? What type of food do Tilapia eat? How do you feed growing Tilapia? What enemies or predators do Tilapia have? How much space do we need for raising Tilapia?

Key Factors for Fish Farming Succesfullness

Genetics
superiority Fish Farming

Water/
Environment *Diseases

Feed/ Nutrition

TARGET SIZE 150-200 g

Local market Export market (fillet)

> 700 g

GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF TILAPIA SRIKANDI at 25-30 ppt

350,00 300,00 250,00 200,00 150,00 100,00 50,00 0,00 0 1 2 3
RedMerah Tilapia Nila

296,65 251,87

151,51 55,05 2,35

4 Month

Srikandi Sukamandi

GROW-OUT TRIAL OF SRIKANDI TILAPIA

RIFB Sukamandi Pekalongan 2011

Tidal Flooded Area in Pekalongan

2010 19,5 Ha 2011 327 Ha 2012 700 Ha

Subandono, 2010

Digital Elevation Model, DEKIN

GROW-OUT TRIAL OF TILAPIA SRIKANDI (Pekalongan, Central Java)

Salinity Location (Village) Degayu 10-15 ppt Pabeyan Pabeyan Degayu 20-25 ppt Bandengan Bandengan Area (m2) 2,000 2,500 3,500 5,000 3,000 2,000 Density 3 2 2 2 2 5 Period 4 3 3 4 3 3 Yield Yield/Ha (Kg) 1,300 1,100 1,500 1,600 1,100 1,400 (Kg) 6,500 4,400 4,285 3,200 3,666 7,000

(fish/m2) (months)

SPECIFIC GROWTH RATE (SGR) (%BW/DAY)

0,070 0,060 Specific Growth Rate (% Body wieght/day) 0,050 0,040 0,030 0,020 0,010 0,000 0,056 0,055

Initial size : 5-8 cm Density : 2-5 fish/m2 Growing period : 3-4 months Harvest size : 200-300 g

10-15 ppt

20-25 ppt

Water Salinity (ppt)

GROW-OUT SYSTEMS
MONOCULTURE
One species fish Intensive culture high capital High yield

Advantages: Fish grow faster and uniform High carrying capacity high density continous water supply, aeration, feed supply Easy to manage Disadvantages: Only 1 species High Risk

GROW-OUT SYSTEMS
POLYCULTURE
More than one species fish Secondary species shrimp, milkfish, carp, etc Common for semi-intensive culture

Advantages: More species product More efficient resource utilization Lower risk Disadvantages: Lower yield of primary fish Difficult in management

GROW-OUT SYSTEMS
MIXED-CULTURE
(Integrated Farming)

Integration > one farming systems Agriculture (rice-fish) Livestock (chicken/pig/duck-fish) Common for semi-intensive culture

Advantages: Minimizing of waste products Increased productivity and efficiency on the farm Increase household comsumption or income Lower risk sharing risk Dont put all eggs into one basket Disadvantages: (Uncommonly) Suffering disease (s) inter-systems

TILAPIA GROW-OUT OPERATION

POND BOTTOM CONDITION /DRYING

Improve soil texture Mineralization removal of organic detritus or toxic gasses Eradicate pest and disease destruction of predators and aquatic weeds

restoration of pond bottom improve the physical, chemical and biological condition of the soil.

cracked soil

Maintaining dikes, inlet, outlet.

Dike recondition Repairing water inlet Screen installment

LIMING
Naturalize the acidity of soil and water. Increase carbonate and bicarbonate content in water. Counteract the poisonous effects of excess Mg, K and Na ions. Kills the bacteria, fish parasites and their developmental stages. Build up alkaline reserve and effectively stops fluctuations of pH by its buffering action. Neutralises Fe compounds, which are undesirable to pond biota. Improve pond soil quality by promoting mineralisation. Precipitates excess of dissolved organic matter and this reduces chances of oxygen depletion. Acts as a general pond disinfectant for maintenance of pond hygiene. Presence of Ca in lime speeds up composition of organic matter and releases CO2 from bottom sediment.

LIMING RATE
No Soil Types 1 2 3 Acidic soil Slighty acidic soil Neutral soil pH 4-4.5 5.5-6.5 6.5-7.5 Lime Dosage (kg/Ha) 1000 500 200-250

WATERING

1-2 weeks after liming flow in slowly, not too fast stirr pond bottom fall from water inlet screening in inlet allow few days after filling

MANURING/FERTILIZATION
Providing elements required by fish to grow Macro elements : C, H2, O2, N2, K, P, S, Ca and Mg Trace elements : Cu, Zn, Mn, Mo, B, etc

Most missing elements:

Soil and Fertilizer types:
Soil type Loamy sandy soil Sandy soil Highly clay soil

N2, K, P

Fertilizer type Organic fertilizer Organic + inorganic fertilizer Inorganic fertilizer

Composisition of Organic Manures (mg/Kg)

Manure Cow dung Pig dung Sheep dung Poultry dung N 0.6 0.6 0.95 1.6 P2 O 2 0.16 0.45 0.34 1.5-2.0 K2O 0.45 0.50 1.0 0.8-0.9

Fish Stocking
Stocking - Use a suprior strain - Size > 3-5 cm - Stocking Density extensive 2-5 fish/m2 intensive 5-15 fish/m2

Fry Acclimatization
Salinity acclimatization Temperature acclimatization

Feeding Management
Feeding Intensive supplement feed - Protein > 28 % - Rate 3-5 % biomass - Frequency >2 times/day

Water Quality Management

Poor water quality affect fish growth and live Cause : Climate and weather Excessive feeding Excessive N : planktonblooming Excessive organic matter Preventive : Probiotic application Optimum feeding Optimum fertilization Water exchange 30%

Fish Mortality
MASS MORTALITY OR GRADUAL MORTALITY CAUSE : Inferior strain Worst water quality Predation Disease Toxic substances Preventive : Superior strain Good water quality Pond sanitation & hygiene Probiotic and vitamin C

Harvesting
Alive or death? Partial or total?

Tilapia and shrimp culture in Malaysia (Lince, 2010)

Traditional fish culture : Integrated fish/duck culture in China (Biao, 2010)

Thank You