2 MM

GPRS EDGE Mobile Management Algorithm
www.huawei.com
Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Foreword
GPRS Mobility Management is a GPRS signaling protocol that handles mobility issues such as roaming, authentication and selection of encryption algorithms. It is important to enable the network to keep track the current location of the MS in order for the paging to be performed smoothly. With the proper setting of the GMM parameters, we can shorten the access delay of the MS.
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References
GBSS8.1 BSC6000 Feature Description
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Objectives
Upon completion of this course, you will be able to: Understand the GPRS Mobility Management procedure Familiar with the GMM state model Understand the cell reselection algorithm Recognize the cell update and routing area update flow Realize the GMM related parameters
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Contents
1. Overview of GPRS Mobile Management 2. Location Update 3. GPRS Cell Selection & Reselection
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Overview for GPRS Mobile Management

The main purpose of the mobility management is to keep track of the users current location. Thus, the paging can be performed. MS perform cell selection and reselection when it moves around the coverage area. It also sends the location update message to the SGSN so that the network can be always aware of the MSs current location. There are 3 states exist in the GPRS mobility management and different location information is available in each state (please see the following figure MM State).
Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page5
GMM State
GMM context is not established; MS is not reachable.
IDLE
Data transmission to and from the mobile subscriber as well as the paging of the subscriber are not possible
STANDBY
GMM context is established; MS can receive paging but cannot implement data transmission.
The location information in the SGSN MM context contains only the GPRS RAI. Pages for data or signalling information transfers may be received. It is also possible to receive pages for the CS services via the SGSN. Data reception and transmission are not possible in this state.
MS can implement data transmission.

READY
The MS performs MM procedures to provide the network with the actual selected cell. SGSN performs the MM on cell level.
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GMM State Model

GPRS Attach READY timer expiry or Force to STANDBY
MM State Model of MS
IDLE
GPRS Detach
READY
STANDBY
PDU transmission READY timer expiry or Force to STANDBY or Abnormal RLC condition
GPRS Attach
MM State Model of SGSN
IDLE
READY
GPRS Detach or Cancel Location
STANDBY
PDU reception
Implicit Detach or Cancel Location
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GMM State vs Location Information

During GMM IDLE state, MS is detached from GPRS. Thus MS can not receive paging nor data transmission. During GMM STANDBY state, MS is attached to the GPRS network and it will perform routing area update (RAU), MScontrolled cell reselection and monitor paging. It only report RA changes. During GMM READY state/ packet transfer mode, MS will perform both routing area update (RAU) and cell update (both MS-controlled and Network-controlled cell reselection). It report the cell changes and RA changes.
Contents
1. Overview of GPRS Mobile Management 2. Location Update
2.1 Relationship between Cell, Routing Area & Location Area 2.2 LAI, RAI, CGI 2.3 Signaling flow for Cell Update, RA Update & LA Update
3. GPRS Cell Selection & Reselection
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Relationship among Location Areas

SGSN1 BSC1 BSC3 SGSN2
BSC2 CELL CELL CELL CELL CELL CELL RA2 CELL RA1 LA1 LA2 CELL RA3 CELL
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Relationship among Location Areas

LAI
MCC+ MNC+ LAC
LAI
RAI
MCC+ MNC+ LAC+RAC
RAI
CGI /CellID
MCC+ MNC+ LAC+{RAC}+CI
CGI
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Contents
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LAI (Location Area Identification)

MCC Mobile Country Code, it consists of 3 digits. For example: The MCC of China is "460" MNC Mobile Network Code, it consists of 2 digits. For example: The MNC of China Mobile is "00" LAC Location Area Code, it is a two bytes hex code. The value 0000 and FFFF is invalid For example: 460008C90
MCC
MNC Location Area Identification
LAC
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RAI (Routing Area Identification)

Routing area is the sub-set of the location area. In special cases, the two areas are equal. The division of the routing area is related with traffic distribution and SGSN processing ability
MCC
MNC
LAC
RAC
Location Area Identification Routing Area Identification
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CGI (Cell Global Identity)

CI (Cell Identity): This code uses two bytes hex code to identify the radio cells within a LAI. RAC is only unique when presented together with LAI. CI is only unique when presented together with LAI or RAI. CGI = MCC+MNC+LAC+{RAC}+CI
MCC
MNC
LAC
RAC
CI
Location Area Identification Routing Area Identification CGI
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Contents
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Cell Update Flow

MS Old Cell New Cell
PDU (CGI) in BSSGP-PDU
SGSN
SGSN received and recorded the cell update
Uplink LLC-PDU [MS ID]
RLC Radio Block
SGSN send the subsequence service to MS through the new cell
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Intra-SGSN Routing Area Update Flow

MS
ROUTING AREA UPDATE REQUEST [Old RAI, old P-TMSI, update type]
BSS
SGSN
ROUTING AREA UPDATE REQUEST [Old RAI, old P-TMSI, update type, new CI]
SECURITY FUNCTIONS (optional)
ROUTING AREA UPDATE ACCEPT [P-TMSI, P-TMSI signature]
ROUTING AREA UPDATE COMPLETE [P-TMSI] optional]
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Inter-SGSN Routing Area Update Flow

MS BSS New SGSN Old SGSN GGSN HLR
ROUTING AREA UPDATE REQUEST [Old RAI, old P-TMSI, update type] PDP CTT REQ PDP CTT ACK [GGSN address] PDP CONTEXT UPDATE PDP CONTEXT UPDATE ACK
DATABASE UPDATE ROUTING AREA UPDATE ACCEPT INSERT SUBCRIBER DATA
ROUTING AREA UPDATE COMPLETE
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10
Contents
3.1 Cell Reselection Algorithm 3.2 Parameter for Cell Reselection 3.3 Type of Cell Reselection
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GPRS Cell Reselection Algorithm

If no PBCCH exists, the GPRS cell selection & reselection is basically the same as GSM cell selection & reselection (C1, C2):
C2 = C1 + CRO TO*H(PT-T) C2 = C1 CRO C1 = RLA_C RxLev_Acc_Min
when PT=/31 when PT=31
Max((MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCCH P), 0)
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If no PBCCH exists, the GPRS cell selection & reselection is basically the same as GSM cell selection & reselection (C1, C2) excepts for the following conditions:
a) When MS in STANDBY mode,
Cell reselection within the same RA/LA: C2(nei) > C2 (serving) for t>5s Cell reselection between different RA/LA: C2(nei) > C2 (serving) + CRH for t>5s
b) When MS in READY mode,

Cell reselection within the same RA/LA: C2(nei) > C2 (serving) + CRH for t>5s Cell reselection between different RA/LA: C2(nei) > C2 (serving) + CRH for t>5s
Cell Reselection in Standby Mode
RA 1
AC2>BC2
Cell A
RA 2
CC2>BC2 CRH
Cell B Cell C
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Cell Reselection in Ready Mode

RA 1
BC2>AC2
Cell A Cell B
CRH
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If PBCCH exists, new cell selection & reselection algorithm (C31, C32) is applicable:
C31(s) = RLA_P(s) HCS_THR(s) C31(n) = RLA_P(n) HCS_THR(n) GPRS_TO(n)*H(GPRS_PENALTY_TIME-T)*L(n) (Neighbor cell) (Serving cell)
C31 RLA_P HCS_THR GPRS_TO
= signal threshold criterion = actual received level of the GPRS cell = signal level threshold of cell reselection of HCS GPRS = GPRS temporary offset
L = 0; when PRIORITY_CLASS (s) = PRIORITY_CLASS (n) L = 1; when PRIORITY_CLASS (s) =/ PRIORITY_CLASS (n)
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If PBCCH exists, new cell selection & reselection algorithm (C31, C32) is applicable:
C32(s) = C1 C32(n) = C1 + GPRS_RESELECT_OFF GPRS_TO*H(GPRS_PENALTY_TIME T) * (1-L) H(X<0) = 0; T > GPRS_PENALTY_TIME H(X>0) = 1; T < GPRS_PENALTY_TIME L = 0; when PRIORITY_CLASS (s) = PRIORITY_CLASS (n) L = 1; when PRIORITY_CLASS (s) =/ PRIORITY_CLASS (n) (Neighbor cell) (Serving cell)
C1 = RxLev GPRS_Acc_Level_Min Max( (GPRS_MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH P), 0)


In additional, it is necessary to consider the routing area for the serving cell and adjacent cell:
When MS in STANDBY mode, and within the same RA
C32(n) = C32(n)
When MS in READY mode, and within the same RA

C32(n) = C32(n) - CELL_RESELECT_HYSTERESIS
When MS in READY or STANDBY mode, with different RA

C32(n) = C32(n) - RA_RESELECT_HYSTERESIS
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Cell Reselection Trigger Condition

Cell reselection triggering condition:
With C1, C2 criterion 1 2 3 4 C1 < 0 Downlink signaling failure Serving cell is barred Random access attempt is unsuccessful after MAX_RETRANS 5 Better neighbor cell detected: Same RA: C2(n) > C2(s) for t>5s Dif RA: C2(n) > C2(s)+CRH for t>5 With C1, C31, C32 criterion C1 < 0 Downlink signaling failure Serving cell is barred Random access attempt is unsuccessful after MAX_RETRANS Better cell with the highest C32 among: (a) Highest PRIORITY_CLASS, C31>=0 (b) All cell, if no cell fulfils C31 criterion
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Contents
Page29
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Network Control Mode

Cell Attribute -> GPRS Attributes
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Parameter for GPRS Cell Reselection

Network Control Mode (NCO)
Mode NC0 NC1 NC2 Definition Normal MS Control Mode MS Control with M.R Mode Network Control Mode Whether the MS send the M.R No Yes Yes MS mode Ready & Standby Only Ready Only Ready Cell Selection Mode Controlled by MS Controlled by MS Controlled by network
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16
Support NC2
Cell Attributes -> Other Attributes
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NC2 Support in External Neighbour Cell

BSC6000 -> Configure 2G External Cell
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Parameter for GPRS Cell Reselection

Cell Attributes -> GPRS Attributes -> Advanced -> Ps Other Parameters
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Support NACC
Cell Attributes -> Other Attributes
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Contents
Page36
GPRS Cell Reselection Type

There are 3 type of cell reselections:
MS controlled cell reselection Network controlled cell reselection Network assisted cell reselection
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MS-Controlled Cell Reselection

MS-Controlled Cell Reselection
MS periodically measures the RX levels of all the BCCH carriers of the serving cell and its neighboring cells. With no PBCCH configured, MS calculates C2 value. With PBCCH configures, MS calculates C31/C32 value. Based on the calculated value, MS decided whether to reselect a new serving cell. Also call as autonomous cell reselection.
Parameter setting:
Support NC0/ NC1 to YES
Network-Controlled Cell Reselection

Network-Controlled Cell Reselection
MS periodically sends measurement reports to the BSC based on the parameters in the SYSINFO broadcast in the cell. Based on the measurement reports and neighboring cell load, BSC sends a cell change command to the MS if all conditions are met, leading the MS to a suitable cell.
Parameter setting:
Support NC2 to YES
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Network-Controlled Cell Reselection (NC2)

MS
PACKET MEASUREMENT REPORT PACKET ENHANCED MEASUREMENT REPORT NC2 Cell Reselection Algorithm PACKET NEIGHBOR CELL DATA
BSS
PACKET CELL CHANGE ORDER
PACKET CELL CHANGE FAILURE
[P-TMSI] optional]
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NC2 Cell Reselection Algorithm

The NC2 cell reselection algorithm follows the priority sequence in descending order of:
Urgent reselection algorithm Load reselection algorithm Normal reselection algorithm
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Begin Measure RxLev & RxQual MS in the MR
[Cell Urgent Reselection Allowed]?
Yes
MS RxQual deterioration ratio > [MS Rx Qual Worsen Threshold]

No
Yes
No
[Cell Load Reselect Allowed]?

No
Yes
Channel multiplexing rate>[Load Reselect Start Thres]

No
Yes
Any MS RxLev<[Load Reselect Level Thres]

No
Yes
[Cell Normal Reselect Allowed]?

No
Yes
Receive Level (serving cell) < [Min Access Level Thres]

No
Yes
Satisfy P/N?
No
Yes
Trigger urgent cell reselection and select cell with the highest priority in cell list.
End
Continu e
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Continu e Trigger urgent cell reselection and select cell with the highest priority in cell list.
For GSM Cell
For FDD Cell
For TDD Cell
RxLev>MAX(RxLev(s), [Min_Acc_Level_Thres])+ [Cell Reselect Hyst] AND non-congestion state

No Yes
Ec/No>[PS FDD EcNo Quality Thres] or RSCP>[PS FDD RSCP Quality Thres]
Yes
No
RSCP>[PS FDD RSCP Quality Thres]

No Yes
En d
Cell reselection successful?
No
[Cell Penalty Level] given to target cell with [cell Penalty Last Time]
Yes
End
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Each NC2 cell reselection algorithm contains three NC2 cell reselection type:
Cell Type Intra-BSC Inter-BSC Serving cell Condition Highest priority in the cell list. RxLev (Ext nei) = RxLev (n) MAX(2, [Cell Reselection Hyst/2]) For FDD cell : Ec/No>[PS FDD EcNo Quality Thres] For TDD cell: RSCP>[PS TDD RSCP Quality Thres]
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Reselection &Target cell position Same BSC Different BSC, both GSM cell GSM to UTRAN Serving cell is cell is UTRAN
GSM cell, target or RSCP>[PS FDD RSCP Quality Thres]
Network-Assisted Cell Reselection

Network-Assisted Cell Reselection
It is also known as NACC, Network Assisted Cell Change. MS originates a cell change notification (CCN) procedure, and the BSC sends the system information (SYSINFO) about the neighboring cell to the MS before the cell reselection. NACC accelerates the cell reselection and shortens the service disruption time during cell reselection.
Parameter setting:
Support NC0/ NC1/ NC2 to YES Support NACC to YES
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Network Assisted Cell Change (NACC)

Purposes:
MS is able to request BSC to send the target cells SYSINFO during the cell reselection.
Advantages:
According to the SYSINFO, MS accelerates the packet service access in the target cell. Reduce the period of packet service disruption during a cell reselection .
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Receive System information of cell B before reselection
Cell A
Cell B
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24

MS can initiate an NACC procedure only when autonomous cell reselection is triggered:
In NC0/ NC1 mode and packet transfer mode:
C1 <0 C2/ C23 is met Downlink signaling reception fails Authentication fails
NACC procedure is not initiated when:

In GMM standby state In DTM mode
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The system supports:
Intra-BSC NACC Inter-BSC NACC UTRAN to GERAN NACC (Gb must support RIM procedure)
The system does not support the GERAN to UTRAN NACC procedure. When PBCCH exists in target cell, the system does not support NACC procedure or the PACKET SI STATUS procedure.
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Intra-BSC NACC Flow

MS
PACKET CELL CHANGE NOTIFICATION Obtain system messages of the target cell
BSS
PACKET NEIGHBOR CELL DATA
PACKET CELL CHANGE CONTINUE
PACKET SI STATUS PACKET SERVING CELL DATA [P-TMSI] optional]
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Inter-BSC NACC Flow

MS Control BSS/RNC
RIM Procedure PACKET CELL CHANGE NOTIFICATION Obtain system messages of the target cell
Serving BSS
PACKET NEIGHBOR CELL DATA
PACKET CELL CHANGE CONTINUE
PACKET SI STATUS PACKET SERVING CELL DATA
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Summary
We have understand the below from this training:
GPRS Mobility Management procedure Cell reselection algorithm Cell reselection and routing area update flow Parameters related to GMM.
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Thank you
www.huawei.com
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GPRS EDGE Mobile Management Algorithm

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Overview for GPRS Mobile Management

MS can implement data transmission.

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

GMM State Model

MM State Model of SGSN

Implicit Detach or Cancel Location

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

GMM State vs Location Information

3. GPRS Cell Selection & Reselection

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Relationship among Location Areas

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Relationship among Location Areas

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

3. GPRS Cell Selection & Reselection

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

LAI (Location Area Identification)

MNC Location Area Identification

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

RAI (Routing Area Identification)

Location Area Identification Routing Area Identification

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

CGI (Cell Global Identity)

Location Area Identification Routing Area Identification CGI

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

3. GPRS Cell Selection & Reselection

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Cell Update Flow

Uplink LLC-PDU [MS ID]

RLC Radio Block

SGSN send the subsequence service to MS through the new cell

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Intra-SGSN Routing Area Update Flow

SECURITY FUNCTIONS (optional)

ROUTING AREA UPDATE ACCEPT [P-TMSI, P-TMSI signature]

ROUTING AREA UPDATE COMPLETE [P-TMSI] optional]

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Inter-SGSN Routing Area Update Flow

DATABASE UPDATE ROUTING AREA UPDATE ACCEPT INSERT SUBCRIBER DATA

ROUTING AREA UPDATE COMPLETE

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

GPRS Cell Reselection Algorithm

C2 = C1 + CRO TO*H(PT-T) C2 = C1 CRO C1 = RLA_C RxLev_Acc_Min

when PT=/31 when PT=31

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

GPRS Cell Reselection Algorithm

b) When MS in READY mode,

Cell Reselection in Standby Mode

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Cell Reselection in Ready Mode

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

GPRS Cell Reselection Algorithm

C31 RLA_P HCS_THR GPRS_TO

GPRS Cell Reselection Algorithm

C1 = RxLev GPRS_Acc_Level_Min Max( (GPRS_MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH P), 0)

GPRS Cell Reselection Algorithm