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www.kurdefrin.com

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www.mukiryani.com
@asokareem@ maktoob.com
Tel: RRVPSQQ

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() Henri J.Parkey and Graham E. Fuller, Turkeys Kurdish Question
(New York-) pp. -.

() Glistan Grbey " The Development of the Kurdish

Nationalist Movement in Turkey since the s " in ;
Robert Olson (ed.) , The Kurdish Nationalist Movement in
the s : Its Impact on Turkey and the Middle East
(University Press of Kentucky ) pp. -.
() Michael M. Gunter, The Kurds and the Future of Turkey (New
York- ) pp. -.

() Kerim Yildiz , The Kurds in Turkey : EU Accession and

Human Rights (London-Kurdish Human Rights Project
) pp. -.

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@=@ @ La@ pba@ bi@ ob@ a@ pbna@ a@ p@ @ la

RW

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@@

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SR

SQ

@@

Parti Demakrati Kurdistan-I Iraq. QYTVMQYWP, Ecole des Hautes

@@

Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Paris, QYXU.

@@Zc@HSI
@McDowell, a Modern History of the Kurds, TQMTR.

@ @Zaa
@@Zc@a@@bn@a@paba@@bna@@@HQI

@@Zc@HTI

@David McDowell, a Modern History of the Kurds (London: I.B.

Tauris, QYYV), RQMSW.
@@

@Kendal, "The Kurds under the Ottoman Empire," QW.

@@Zibn@@bra@aa@@a@ba@w@i@b@mb@a

@@Zc@HUI

@David McDowell, "The Kurdish Question: A Historical Review,"

in the Kurds: A Contemporary Overview, ed. Philip Kreyenbroek
and Stefan Sperl (London: Rutledge, QYYR), QW.

@@@Agha, Sheikh and State (London: Zed Books, QYYR)@

@@Zc@@a@ba@

@Kemal Kirici and Gareth M.Winrow, Krt Sorunu: Kkeni ve

Gelisimi (Istanbul: Tarih Vakfi Yurt Yayinlari, QYYW), VYMWY.

@@Zc@a@xac@@HVI

@Van Bruinessen, Agha, Sheikh and State; McDowell, a Modern

@pb@c@bg@u@o@a@ba@c@a@
@ a@
@ @b@a@ya@a@di@Lzn@ju@@buba@g@m
@@n
@@Zc@b@a@aj@c@@a

History of the Kurds: and Osman Aytar, Hamidiye Alaylarindan

Ky Koruculuguna (Istanbul: Medya Gnesi Yayinlari, QYYR).

@HWIMete Tuncay, T.C. nde Tek-Parti Ynetminin Kurulmasi

(QYRSMQYSQ) (Istanbul: Cem Yayinevi, QYYR), QSRn.

Kendal, "The Kurds under the Ottoman Empire," in a

People without a Country: The Kurds and Kurdistan, ed.
Gerard Chaliand (New York: Olive Branch Press, QYYS), QT.

(X) Othman, "Kurdish Nationalism," X.

(Y) McDowell, "The Kurdish Question," QW.

(QP)@Cumhur Keskin, "Trkiyenin Krt Politikasi ve Resmi

Ideoloji " in Trkiyenin Krt Sorunum ed. Seyfettin Grsel et al.

(Istanbul: TSES, QYYV), URMUT.
(QQ)@Mustafa Kemal, Eskisehir-Izmit Konusmalari (QYRS) (Ankara:
Kaynak Yayinlari, QYYS), QPTMU: Kirici and Window, YV.
(QR)@Bilal imir, Ingiliz Belgeleriyle Trkiyede "Krt Sorunu "
(QYRTMQYSX) (Ankara: Trk Tarih Kurumu Basimevi, QYYQ), UX.

@@@Zc@@a@@m@c@@bna@@@HQSI

ST

@@Lau@b@@@@a@bna@c@g@ba@@
@@a@@a@Nb@c@c@a@i@i@Lky@a@ama@i
@bmB@@@c@@jbi@ka@@ @h@sa@a@@@a
@@Zc@N@c@j@@a@c@B

Grdal Aksoy, "Krt Tarih Yaziminin Tarihi", Demokrasi, June

QX, QYYV.

@@Zc@HRI

Siyamend Othman, "Kurdish Nationalism: the Instigators and the

Historical Influences," U, unpublished paper based on chapter two of
the authors Ph.D. dissertation, Contribution historique a ltude de

SS

@@

@a@a@@Np
@ bja@pbna@@H@ aa@lyI@n@aa
@@Zc@La@ba@ly@@bry@@a@c

Robert Olson, the Emergence of Kurdish Nationalism and the

Sheikh Said Rebellion, QXXPMQYRU (Austin: University of Texas Press,

Yayinlari, QYXY), TPMTS.

@i@Le@@b@@n@ra@@a@ona@HQTI
@@odm@@ob@a@@ a@m@bm@@@ba@j@
@i@Lba@g@ana@b@Lbni@b@i@@na@@Njg
@@NBbn@b@La@a@bB@L@a@@

Gnay Aslan, Yas Tutan Tarih SS Kursun (Istanbul: Pencere

(RS)@Cem Erogul, Demokrat Parti: Tarihi ve Ideolojisi (Ankara:

Image Kitabevi, QYYP), TY.

(RT)@Atilla Hun, Dogu ve Gneydogu Blgelerinde ok Partili
Sisteme Geisten Gnmze Gelismeler (Ankara: Yenidogus
Matbassi, QYYU), QU.
(RU)@McDowell, A Modern History of the Kurds, TPT.
(RV)@Sadun Aren, TIP Olayi (QYVQMQYWQ) (Istanbul: Cem Yayinevi,

QYXY).

(QU)@Tuncay, T.C. nde Tek-Parti Ynetminin Kurulmasi (QYRSM

QYSQ), QSYMTS.
(QV)@Keskin, "Trkiyenin Krt Politikasi ve Resmi Ideoloji " UX.
(QW)Bernard Lewis, The Emergence of Modern Turkey (London:

QYYS), WPMWR.

Oxford University Press, QYVQ), RVQ.

@u@QYVW@@@N
@ @pbbi@m@@a@ba@ly@b@g
@NB@ a@pabaB@a@o@a@ba@@@xbvnya@pab@m
@bjna@@a@@@Lpaba@@@b@a@ba@ly@bc@b
Npba@kbu@

@pbqq@@b@bi@qzn@a@ba@b@bra@j@@HQXI
@@Zc@N@@@@U@ba@ai@jb@a@a

(RW)@Aytekin Yilmaz, Etnik Ayrimcilik: Trkiye, Ingiltere,

Fransa, Ispanya (Ankara: Vadi Yayinlari, QYYT), WR.

(RX)@Gneyt Arcayrek, Mdahalenin Ayak Sesleri, QYWXMQYWY
(Istanbul: Bilgi Yayinevi, QYXU), RWR

@bua@@b@a@m@@QYWY@c@V@@pu@a@iba@@g
@@Nibn
@a@yn@ba@@bnua@aa@a@la@@HRYI
@@Npbna@@B@CHPB@a@ka@l@@m@

@@

SV

Muhsin Kizilkaya and Halil Nebiler, Dnden Yarina Krtler

(Ankara: Yurt Kitap-Yayin, QYYQ), SV.

(QY)@Taha Parla, Trkiyede Siyasi Kltrn Resm Kaynaklari:

Kemalist Tek-Parti ve CHPnin Alti Oku (Istanbul: Iletisim
Yayinlari, QYYR), QXRMXS.
(RP)@mit Cizre Sakallioglu, "Historicizing the Present and
Problematizing the Future of the Kurdish Problem: A Critique of the
TOBB Report on the Eastern Question " New Perspectives on
Turkey QT (Spring QYYV): V; Tanil Bora, Milliyetiligin Kara Bahari
(Istanbul: Birikim Yayinlari ,QYYU), WTMWU.

(RQ)@Henri J.Barkey and Graham E. Fuller, "Turkeys Kurdish

Question: Critical Turning Points and Missed Opportunities,"
Middle East Journal UQ, no.Q (Winter QYYW): VT.

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T.C. Cumhurba Kanligi Seimleri (Istanbul: ) , - ;

@ @Zaa

Hikmet zdemir , Rejim ve Asker (Istanbul: ) , - ;

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() Hikmet zdemir , Rejim ve Asker, .

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), .
() Hikmet zdemir, Rejim ve Asker, - ; mit Bozda ,
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Genelkurmay belgelerinde Krt isyanlari (Istanbul: ) vols, and .

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Uur Mumcu , Krtlere zerklik, in Milliyet, March ;

Ikibine Doru , no. ( Sept. ). - ; Mehmet
Bayrak, Krtler ve Ulusal Demokratik Mcadeleleri, Gizli
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@@
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QTR

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@ @Z@aa
@@
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Kurdish Factor in Middle Eastern Politics," International

Journal of Kurdish Studies X (nos. Q&R, QYYU) , pp. YTMQPY.@

(R)@Robert Olson, The Emergence of Kurdish Nationalism and

the Sheikh said Rebellion, QXXPMQYRU (Austin : University of Texas

Press, QYXY@@@

Turkeys Foreign Policy in Transition , QYUPMQYWT (Leiden: E.J.Brill,

(S)@Ibid., p. QUQ@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

(T)@Ibid., p. QVQ

@@(U)@@Ibid

@@HQYUSMQYUPI@b@HQYSXIb@@Lbmb@@qra@pabrna@
NHQYWTI

(V)@Ibid

(W)@Ibid

@ana@qa@a@@@bb@bzz@j@a@a@jm@g@
Nb@jbi@Lb@ny@i@Lbg@a@
(X)@B@PKK Leader on War, Pipeline, Tourism, Drugs, " Ozgur
Gundem (Istanbul) , Aug. RU, QYYS, p. X ; as Cited in Foreign
Broadcast Information Service West Europe, Sept. Y, QYYS, p. XV
; Hereafter cited as FBIS-WEU.
(Y)@@Eleni Leontits, " We Cannot Be Defeated by the Turks,"

Kiriakatiki Elevtherotipia (Athens) , July QX, QYYS, pp. RX-RY ; as

cited in FBIS-WEU, Aug. QW, QYYS, p. SY

(QP)@B@@PKK Threatens to Target Caspian Pipeline, " Turkish

Daily News , Feb. V, QYYU, p. AT ; as cited in FBIS-WEU, Feb.Y,

QYYU, p. TS.@

@br@lba@zb@b@@X@ba@@oy@a@pana@g@HQQI
N@

QTT

Ference A.Vali, Bridge Across the Bosporus : The Foreign Policy

of Turkey (Baltimore : Johns Hopkins Press, QYWQ) ; Kemal H.Karpat,
QYWU) ; Selim Deringil, Turkish Foreign Policy During the Second
World War : An 'Active' Neutality (Cambridge : Cambridge
University Press, QYXY); and C.H.Dodd, ed., Turkish Foreign Policy :
New Prospects (Huntingdon : The Eothen Press, QYYR@N@

Z@c@pi@bjn@a@ma@tra@ra@pbaa@bc@c
BThe Kurdish Question and Turkeys Foreign Policy , QYYQMQYYU :
From the Gulf War to the Incursion into Iraq," Journal of South
Asian and Middle Eastern Studies QY (Fall QYYU), pp. QMSP " The
Kurdish Question and Geopolitic and Geostrategic Changes in the
Middle East after the Gulf War," Journal of South Asian and Middle
East Studies QW (Summer QYYT), pp. TTMVW ; and " The Kurdish
Question in the Aftermath of the Gulf War : Geopolitic and
Geostrategic Changes in the Middle East ," Third World Quarterly QS
(no. S: QYYR), pp. TWUMTYY. Also see Henri J.Barkey, " Under the Gun :
Turkish Foreign Policy and the Kurdish Question ," in The Kurdish
Nationalist Movement in the QYYPs : Its Impact on Turkey and the
Middle East , Robert Olson, ed. (Lexington: University Press of
Kentucky , QYYV) , pp. VUMXS ; and Graham E.Fuller and Ian O.Lesser,
Turkeys New Geopolitics : From the Balkans to Western China
(Boulder : Westview Press, QYYS), pp. RUMRW, TPMTU@@@@@@@@@N@

@@Z@a@r@@c@a@a@@u@@

QTS

@@

(QW)@See Kernal [Nezan] , " Kurdistan in Turkey," in People

Without a Country : The Kurds and Kurdistan, Gerard Ghaliand,
ed. (London : Zed Press, QYXP), pp. VTMVU

@(QX)@Cited

in " Turkey Prepares for the 'New Middle East',"

Briefing (Ankara), Nov. RR, QYYS, p. V

(QY)@Ismet Cheriff Vanly, " The Kurds in Syria and Lebanon," in

The Kurds : A Contemporary Overview, Philip G. Kreyenbroek and
Stefan Sperl, eds. (London: Routledge, QYYR), p.QVY. For further
background , See Suha Bolukbasi, " Ankara, Damascus , Baghdad ,
and the Regionalization of Turkeys Kurdish Secessionism," Journal
of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies QT (Summer QYYQ) , pp. QUM
SV.

Lc@GAP@@@@@@HRPI
John Kolars , The Euphrates River and the Southeast Anatolia
Development Project (Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois
University Press, QYYQ) ; Robert Olson, " The Impact of the Southeast
Anatolia Project (GAP) on Kurdish Nationalism in Turkey,"
International Journal of Kurdish Studies Y (nos. QMR; QYYV), pp. YUMQPR ;
Carl E. Nestor, " Dimensions of Turkeys Kurdish Question and the
Potential Impact of the Southeast Anatolian Project (Gap) : Part I, "
International Journal of Kurdish Studies X (nos. QMR;QYYU) , pp. SSMWX ;
and Suha Bolukbasi," Turkey Challenges Iraq and Syria : The
Euphrates Dispute," Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern
Studies QV (Summer QYYS), pp. YMSR@@
@j@i@bna@ba@nm@HRQI

@BSezgin

to Give Syria Evidence of PKK Support," Ankara

Anatolia in Engilsh , QUQU GMT, April QQ, QYYR ; as cited in FBISWEU, April QS, QYYR, p.UX.

QTV

(QR)@@Kemal Kirisci, " Provide Comfort or Trouble : Kurdish

Ethnicity and Turkish Foreign Policy," paper presented to the
annual meeting of the Middle East Studies Association of North
America , Research Triangle, North Carolina, Nov. QR, QYYS, p. R@N

Z@@pbbjna@@pc@HQSI

@BCiller Holds News Conference on Terrorism , PKK Fight,"

Ankara TRT Television Network in Turkish , QQPP GMT, Nov. T,
QYYS ; as cited in FBIS-WEU, Nov. U, QYYS, p. UV.@

@@NNN@ @pb@ @@c@@B@bdi@ua@a@@@biau

@bna@g@bc@@B@c@@B@bj@b@@@b@g@juc@
NB@@@@jua@a@@a

@citied

in " PKKs Ocalan Views Turkish Military

Operations," Al-Nahar (Beirut) , April QP, QYYU, p.QQ; as cited in
FBIS-WEU, April QW, QYYU, p.TU@

(QT)@M.S.Anderson, The Eastern Question, QWWTMQYRS : A Study

in International Relations (New York : St. Martins Press, QYVV) ;

and Stanford J.Shaw and Ezel Kural Shaw , History of the
Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey , vol. II , Reform ,
Revolution and Republic : The Rise of Modern Turkey , QXPXM
QYWU (Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, QYWW@

@b@@@a@@@ba@bg@@bm@ba@
N@kn

@@@Olson, Sheikh Said Rebellion, p. WV@Z@@pbbjna@@pc@HQUI

(QV)@@Martin Van Bruinessen, Agha, Shaikh and State : The

Social and Political Structure of Kurdistan (London : Zed Books

Ltd., QYYR), p.RYP.@@

QTU

@@

Hurriyet (Istanbul) , July QV, QYYS , p. QV ; as cited in FBIS-WEU ,

July RP, QYYS, p.WP@N

(SQ)@Ugur Sefkat, " Irans Mullahs Support the PKK," Sabah

(Istanbul) , Aug. U, QYYS p.QV ; as cited in FBIS-WEU, Aug. QP,

QYYS, p. TR.

(RR)@B@Sezgin Briefs Assembly on Syrian 'Promises', " Ankara

TRT Television Network in Turkish , QWPP GMT, April RQ, QYYR ; as
cited in FBIS-WEU, April RR, QYYR, p.TP
(RS) Cited in " Syria Not to be Asked to Extradite PKK
Members," Turkish Daily News, April RS, QYYR, pp. Q, QR ; as cited

@u@i@bna@zna@n@HSRI

@Adnan Husayn, " Iraqi Kurds Accuse Kurdish Workers Party

of Launching Military Operations Against 'Peshmerga'," Al-Sharq

Al-Awsat (London), Oct. RS, QYYS, p.V ; as cited in FBIS-WEU,
Oct. RW, QYYS, p. SR@

(SS) Ugur Sefkat, " The X PKK Camps in Iran," Sabah, June

QX, QYYU, p.QY ; as cited in FBIS-WEU, June RW, QYYU , pp. XMY

(ST)@Ertugrul Ozkok , "FMQV Alreraft Turned Back on QX May ,"

Hurriyet, June QP, QYYU, p.RQ; as cited in FBIS-WEU, June QT, QYYU, p.TR@

(SU) Operation Provide Comfort , "Fact Sheet," May V, QYYS.

For background, see Kemal Kirisci, " Turkey and the Kurdish
Safe-Haven in Northern Iraq," Journal of South Asian and Middle
Eastern Studies QY (Spring QYYV), pp. RQMSY@@@@@@@@@@@@@

@ba@b@a@Lda@ra@HQYRPI@@b@oic@HSVI
@b@m@@a@HQYRSI@a@b@ai@Lbra@a@@na
Na@a@g@bg@c

(SW)@This and the Following citation appeared in "Military and

Assembly to Agree to Protection of Some Kurds," Briefing, june RR,

QYYR, p.Y@N@
(SX)@BLearning to Live with 'Kurdistan'," Briefing, June Q, QYYR,
p. QQ.
(SY)@B@@Ankara OKs Emergency Law But Crisis Only Deepens

in SE," Briefing , June RY, QYYR, p. QU.@

QTX

in FBIS-WEU, May T, QYYR, p. UT

@(RT)Cited in " Turkey: Yilmaz Announces Reform Program,"

Ankara TRT Television Network , PXPP GMT, May V, QYYV ; as

cited in FBIS-WEU, May X, QYYV, p. SX@@@

(RU)@Cited in Ayse Karabat, " Turkey : Syria Said Angered by

Water Reduction," Turkish Daily News, April RT, QYYV ; as cited in

FBIS-WEU, April RU, QYYV , p. ST@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

(RV)@Hcited in " Demirel on Terrorism , Ties with Syria," Al-

Musawwar (Cairo) , July RV, QYYV, pp. QXMRQ , XRMXS ; as cited in

FBIS-WEU, Aug.U, QYYV, p. RP.

@Suha

Lc@a@@y@@@HRWI

Bolukbasi, " Turkey Copies with Revolutionary Iran, "

Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies QS (Fall/Winter
QYXY) , pp. YTMQPY

@bna@pba@pc@HRXI@

@B@Reviving Terrorism : Can It Be Contained? " Briefing , July

RT , QYXY , pp. QXMQY@
@bna@pba@pc@HRYI
@B@The PKK : Botan Group at Verge of Destruction but Final
Solution Still Far Away," Briefing, Aug. QT, QYXY , p.QX@

(SP) This and the following citation were taken from Turan
Yilmaz and Fahir Arikan , " PKKs New Camps Are in Iran,"

QTW

@@

@Hazhir Teimourian, "The Making of Kurdish Militants,"

European (London), July RRMRU, QYYS, p.QP ; as cited in FBIS-WEU,
July RS, QYYS, p.UT ; Kevin Liffey," Germany Clamps Down on
Kurds After Attack," Reuters, Nov.U, QYYS ; and "Interior Minister
Discusses Stance on PKK Terrorism," West Europe Intelligence
Report *Brussels), Dec.Q, QYYS@

(TX) @cited in "Reviving Terrorism: Can It Be Contained?"

Briefing, July RT, QYXY, p.QW@

(TY) @Siyamend Othman, Personal Correspondence to the

author, dated Mar. QS, QYXW@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

(UP)This and the Following citation are taken from "Kurdish

Separatists Strike Out at West Germany," Armenian Reporter,
Jan. W, QYXX, p. T@@@@

@a@u@B@bm@bg@c@ia@ba@c@QYXW@ay@@HUQI
@bg@@@bm@@@pbj@[
@ c@bc@g@bg@r]@a
@bq@Ljbi@Ln@a@ba@bc@NB@[ia]@ba@g@bm@
@@Nia@@bqam@a@bm

(UR) cited in "Agreement Reached in Bern Embassy Crisis,"

Briefing, July U, QYYS, p.QU

@(US) cited in "The Bern Crisis on and off and on," Briefing
, July QR, QYYS, p.QP@
(UT) Agreement Reached in Bern Embassy Crisis," cited in@B@
(UU)@cited in Rolf Soderlind, "Germany Bans Kurdish Militants
After Bombings," Reuters, Nov. RV, QYYS@
(UV)@cited in John Follain, "France Bans Kurdish Group for
'Terrorist' Links," Reuters Nov. SP, QYYS@@@@@@@@@@
(UV)@BSmiles in Ankara as Germany Bans PKK," Briefing,
Nov. RY, QYYS, p.X@@@@

QUP

a@r@c@taya@@@di@HTPI

@BA

de Facto Kurdish State in Northern Iraq," Third World

Quarterly QT (No.R ; QYYS), pp. RYUMSQY ; and Robert Olson, " The
Creation of a Kurdish State in the QYYPs?" Journal of South
(TQ)Asian and Middle Eastern Studies QU (Summer QYYR), pp. QM
RU@B@A Common Interest in Ending the Embargo," Briefing, Aug.
SP, QYYS, p.QR.
(TR) cited in "Iraqi Kurds Reportedly to Block Terrorist
Attacks," Ankara TRT Television Network, QVPP GMT, April X,
QYYR; as cited in FBIS-WEU, April Y, QYYR, p. TS.
(TS) BTalabani Calls on PKK 'To End Armed Action'" Ankara
Anatolia in Turkish, QTQU GMT, Oct.QX, QYYQ ; as cited in FBISWEU, Oct.RQ, QYYQ, p.UX.

Naa@@bna@pab@b@@@R@bm@o

(TT)@This and the Following citation are taken from "Meets

with Demirel,"Ankara TRT Television Network in Turkish , QVPP

GMT, June Y, QYYR; as cited in FBIS-WEU, June QQ, QYYR, p. TR.@

(TU) B@Cetin on Iraqs Territorial Integrity" Ankara Anatolia in

English, QPRP GMT, July RX, QYYR ; as cited in FBIS-WEU, July RX,
QYYR, p.TP.@

Lc@@@@@@HTVI

@Philip Robins, "More Apparent Than Real? The Impact of

the Kurdish Issue on Euro-Turkish Relations," in The Kurdish
Nationalism Movement in the QYYPs : Its Impact on Turkey and the
Middle East, Robert Olson, ed. (Lexington: University Press of
Kentucky, QYYV), pp. QQTMSR@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
Lbna@ba@@na@ba@@ou@HTWI

QTY

@@

L@bna@pbbjna@bjna@a@c@HWQI

(UX)Unal Cevikoz, Personal Correspondence to the Author,

Erck and Josef Hufelschulte, "You Should Be

Glad," Focus (Munich), Dec. RR, QYYU, pp. QXMRQ ; as cited in FBIS-

dated Dec. QX, QYYS

(WR)@cited in "Turkey: PKKs Ocalan Addresses Message to

Arab Summit Leaders," London MED TV Television in Turkish,
QWQU GMT, June RR, QYYV ; as cited in FBIS-WEU, June RT, QYYV,

Kurdish Organization," The Kurds: Recent Wire Report , Dec.U,

@Christina

WEU, Dec. RX, QYYU, pp. RTMRV@

pp. SYMTP@

(WS) Alain Lallemand and Olivier Van Vaerenbergh, "Police

Raid PKK Office, Assert RP Suspects," Le Soir (Brussels), Sept.QY,

QYYV, pp.QMQW ; as cited in FBIS-WEU, Oct. QQ, QYYV, pp. SMT@@@@@

(WT) On this Point, see Robins, "More Apparent Than Real?@B

(WU)@U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Export

Administration, Office of Strategic Industries and Economic
Security, European Diversification and Defense Market Assessment:
A Comprehensive Guide for Entry into Overseas Markets
(Washington : U.S. Department of Commerce, QYYU), p.RXV ; as cited
in Human Rights Watch Arms Project, Weapons Transfer and
Violations of the Laws of War in Turkey (New York: Human
Rights Watch, QYYU), p. S. For Background, see George S. Harris,
Troubled Alliance : Turkish-American Problems in Historical
Perspective (Washington: American Enterprise Institute, QYWR) ; and
Peter L. Thomson, "United States-Turkey Military Relations :
Treaties and Implications," International Journal of Kurdish
Studies Y (nos. Q&R : QYYV) , pp. QPSMQQS@@@@
(WV)Ugur Akinci, "Gen. John M. Shalikashvili Defends

Human Rights Progress in Turkey," Turkish Daily News, June RX,

QYYU@

@(UY)cited in Raf Casert, "Belgium-Kurds," Reuters , Jan.S, QYYT@

(VP)@cited in "Assorted Events in Europe Following Banning of

QYYS, p.R@N
(VQ)cited in Soderlind, "Germany Bans Kurdish Militants After
Bombings@@BN

@(VQ)cited

in Follain, " France Bans Kurdish Groups for

'Terrorist' Links@BN
(VR) See Liffey, "Germany Clamps Down on Kurds After Attacks@B
(VT)Ibid

@(VU)

cited in " Kurdish Disturbances Abroad Continue,"

Turkish Daily News, Mar. RQ, QYYU.

(VV) cited in " Germany Vows End of Kurdish Terror,"
Turkish Daily News, Mar. RP, QYYU

@(VW) Tony Paterson, "Bonn Feels Backlash of Kurdish Ban,"

European, Aug. WMQS, QYYU@
(VX)@Bill Powell, "Kurdistans Second Front," Newsweek,

April QP, QYYU, p. QY. Disturbances also occurred in Austria,

Belgium, Sweden, and Switzerland, among others
(VY)B@PKK Plans to Target German Police During

Demonstrations," Turkish Daily News, Aug. R, QYYU. The ERNK

accused Germany of pursuing a "fascist, chauvinist Policy towards
the Kurdish peoples liberation struggle" Ibid@@@

L@bna@pbbjna@ba@@pc@HWPI

@Paterson, " Bonn Feels Backlash of Kurdish Ban@@B

QUR

QUQ

@@

B@The

Armenian Connection," Turkish Daily News, Nov. QQ,

QYYS. Muslim Turks and Kurds are Circumcised, While Christian

Armenians are not@

Z@@bna@pba@pc@HXUI

@Aydin Demir, "PKK Requests Camp Site from Armenia,"

Sabah, Sept. RR, QYYR, p. QT ; as cited in FBIS-WEU, Sept.RX,
QYYR,p. TS@

(XV) olga Sardan, "Armenia Supports PKK, Provides Camp

Site," Milliyet (Istanbul), June T, QYYS, p. QP ; as cited in FBIS-

WEU, June X, QYYS, p.UY@

@b@a@aa@bn@@@b@b@b@u@ob
Npba@@@@oa

See Ismet Cheriff Vanly , " The Kurds and the Soviet Union " in
The Kurds : A Contemporary Overview , Philip G. Kreyenbroek and
Stefan Sperl , eds. (London : Routledge , QYYR) , p. RPQ@@
(XW) Turkey Links PKK with Armenia, " Turkish Times, Sept.
QU, QYYS, p. Q

@@b@by@La@n@@ama@di@bry@uc@|c@
@NNN|@ a@@b@a@a@@@k@di@c@g@B@ b@|bi
Z@@a@a@@@B@a@pba@ni@n@b@ar@jc@g

@BUnderstanding

Apo, " Tercuman (Istanbul) , Mar. RR, QYYS,

p.R ; as cited in FBIS-WEU , Mar. SQ, QYYS, p.WQ@@

@Lc@l@c@@@@h@Lu@@c@@ua@c@
Nb ib@a@b@b@@

(XX) Profile of PKK Leader Ocalan " Turkish Probe (Ankara),

Aug. QW, QYYS , pp.XMY ; as cited in FBIS-WEU, Sept. R, QYYS, p.UX @

QUT

(WW)@cited in "PKK Official Reacts to Ciller on Human

Rights," Ozgur Ulke, July Y, QYYT, p.X ; as cited in FBIS-WEU,

July RR, QYYT, p.TQ

L@bna@pbbjna@bjna@a@c@HWXI@
B@PKK

Leader on Party Ideology, U.S. Policy," Serxwebun

(PKK), April QYYU, pp. QRMQT ; as cited in FBIS-WEU, June RW,

QYYU, p.Q@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

(WY)@cited in "Turkey: PKKs Ocalan Addresses Message to Arab

Summit Leaders," as cited in FBIS-WEU, June RT, QYYV, p. SY@

(XP)BU.S. Said Aiding PKK Wounded," Hurriyet, Oct. RV, QYYR,

p.RR ; as cited in FBIS-WEU, Oct. RY, QYYR, p. WR@@@

(XQ) cited in "PKK Violence Shifts to Northeast," Turkish

Times, Sept. QU, QYYS, p.QQ. For background analysis on the

Turkish-Armenian enmity, see my, "Pursuing the Just Cause of
their people" : A Study of Contemporary Armenian Terrorism
(New York: Greenwood Press,QYXV@

@L@a@[pba]@@pc@HXRI

BPKK Violence Shifts to Northeast@@@@B@

(XS)@Armenian, PKK Military Moves Linked

to Azerbaijani

Oil Deal," Turkish Daily News, Aug. RU, QYYS, pp. Q~QQ ; as cited in

FBIS-WEU, Aug. SQ, QYYS, p. UV@@@@@@@@

@bc@@m@bby@j@c@um@@di@e@m@wnna@Lby@c@
Lc@LNNl@l

B@PKK Activity in Northeast Linked with Armenia," Turkish

Daily News, Aug.RW, QYYS, pp. Q~QQ ; as cited in FBIS-WEU, sept.

Q, QYYS, p. RY@

Z@@bna@a@pc@HXTI

QUS

@@

@bib@lb@uc@i@b@b@aib@c@b@ama@c@|aa@
@ibg@@@LHASALAI@bc@zn@a@a@v@a@ba
@n@@Np
@ bbra@ai@@ama@aa@bia@@a@obna
@[p
@ aib]@@c@@c@@@bg@ba@@QYXX@b@@bib
Z@a@r@a@Na

(YV) Cited in Eleni Leontits , " We Cannot Be Defected by the

Turks," Kiriakatiki Elevtherotipia (Athens) July QX, QYYS, pp.RXMRY

; as cited in FBIS-WEU , Aug. QW, QYYS, p.SX@

Z@@pba@@pc@HYWI

Nokta (Ankara), April U, QYYR ; as cited in Turkish Times , May

Q, QYYR, p.QS.

Transnational Armenian Activism, Conflict Studies no. RRY

(London : Research Institute for the Study of Conflict and
Terrorism , QYYP), p.RT. @

Z@@bna@pbbjna@pba@@pc@HYXI

Mumtaz Soysal, " Foreign Support and Internet Obstacles "

Hurriyet, July RX, QYYS, p.Y ; as cited in FBIS-WEU, July SP, QYYS,

p.TP@@@@@

Z@@bna@pbbjna@bjna@a@c@HXYI

" Chief of General Staff : Armenian Church Behind PKK,"

Gunaydin (Istanbul) , Oct. RX, QYYS, p.X ; as cited in FBIS-WEU ,

Z@@bna@pba@pc@HYYI

Ugur Sevkat, " Athens Supplies Antitank Missiles to PKK

Leader Ocalan" Sabah, Dec. W, QYYS, p.QX ; as cited in FBIS-WEU,
Dec. QW, QYYS, p.UU.
(QPP)" Greece Supports Kurdish Fight for Independence "
Reuters , Dec. T, QYYS.
(QPQ)" Greeces EU Presidency : No Blank Cheque , " Briefing

Nov. Q, QYYS, p.WU

Z@@bna@pba@pc@HYPI

Ugur Sefkat, " Alliance Between the PKK and Armenians "
Sabah, May RT, QYYT, p.QS ; as cited in FBIS-WEU, May RV, QYYT, p.
TU.

@
(YQ) ezai Sengun , " Joint Action by PKK and ASALA, "

, Dec.QS, QYYS, p.QS. Given the fact that only Germany and France

Hurriyet, June U, QYYT, p.QX ; as cited in FBIS-WEU, June QS, QYYT,

had actually banned the PKK as of January QYYT, the accuracy of

this source may be questioned.
(QPR) Stelios Vervirakis, " Athens Presents a Shield to Ocalan,

p. UT.
(YR)M. Can Yuce, " The Essence of the Current Enmity

" Sabah, June RR, QYYU, p.QT ; as cited in FBIS-WEU, June RW, QYYU,

p.R ; as cited in FBIS-WEU, Dec. RW, QYYS, p.SY.

p.RY.
(QPS)@Emin Demirel , "PKKs Bomb Expert Arrested "

Hurriyet , May QS, QYYT, p.RR ; as cited in FBIS-WEU, May QW,

QYYT, p.UX ; and "NSC Discusses Tension with Greece, Cyprus,

PKK, " Aydinlik (Istanbul) , April QQ, QYYT, p.QQ ; as cited in FBISWEU, April QX, QYYT, p.UX. see also " Greek Spy Agency Tied to

QUV

Towards Armenians," Ozgur Gundem (Istanbul) , Dec. RP , QYYS ,

(YS)@Cited in Ibid., p.TPN
(YT)" Turkey Moves to Sever Armenia-PKK Bridge " Turkish
Daily News, April RY, QYYU.
Lc@ba@pb@bn@@@HYUI
Tozun Bahcheli , Greek-Turkish Relations Since QYUU
(Boulder: Westview Press, QYYP).

QUU

@@

@ @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

Terror Group : Athens Backed Anti-Turkish Kurds, " Washington

Times, Sept. QP, QYYV (accessed via internet).

Lbra@j@@c@HQPTI

Paul Henze , " Turkish Government Tackles Problem of

Kurdish Insurgency " Christian Science Monitor, Oct. SP, QYXU,
p.X.

L@pna@bna@ba@HQPUI
" PKK Expands Activities in CIS," Turkish Probe, Nov. T,
QYYT, p.QS ; and "PKK Opens 'Kurdish House' in Moscow "
Turkish Daily News, Dec. RW, QYYT.

L@j@y@g@pna@bna@ba@HQPVI

Robert Olson, "The Kurdish Question and Chechnya : Turkish

and Russian Foreign Policies Since the Gulf War" Middle East
Policy T (March QYYV) , pp. QPVMQQX.

@@
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@@@@
@@
E-Pirtk www.kurdme.com
@@
@@

www.all-kurd.com
www.kurdefrin.com

QYR

QYQ

@@

(QP) International Republican Institute , ' Political Situation

Update:

Turkey

RQ

',

December

QYYU

<www.iri.org/pub.asp?id=QSRVTQPQWU@<
(QQ) Human Rights Watch, ' Turkey: Human Rights
Developments
QYYV'
<www.hrw.org/report/QYYW/WRYW/HELSINKIMQW.htm>@@@@@@
(QR) Presidency Conclusions of the Copenhagen European
Council,
RQMRR
June
QYYS~WA
(iii)
at
<http://www.europarl.eu.int/enlargement/ec/cop- en.htm>.
Emphasis added@N
(QS)@European Council in Copenhagen, RQMRR June QYYS, '
Conclusions of the Presidency' , para. WA (iii)@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
(QT) European Commission, ' Regular Report on Turkeys
Progress Towards Accession ' , RPPP
(QV) European Commission, ' Communication from the
Commission to the Council and the European Parliament:
Recommendation of the European Commission on Turkeys
Progress towards accession ' , COM (RPPT) VUV final , Brussels
, V October RPPT@N

@bna@b@@b@La@aa@ba@Lpba@b@@@HQVI
@a@ju@dm@a@na@Lba@paaua@b@La
@@Npaaua@pbia@ni@ba@na@Lba

European Commission, "Recommendation of the European

Commission on Turkeys Progress towards accessionNB@
(QW) Council of the European Union , ' Brussels European
Council , QVOQW December RPPT , Presidency Conclusions ' , QW
December RPPT.
(QX) IbidN

@@m@a@@EVW@g@ba@ca@pbna@e@m@HQYI
@@Naya@@by@c@@bm@

@ @Zaa@M

@Lba@y@La@ba@pba@ana@@ba@@HQI
@@Npba@b@aya@ba@y

(R) The European Commission , Enlargement, Pre-accession

strategy- Pre-Accession Instruments: The Association
Agreements
<http://europa.eu.int/comm/enlargement/pas/assoc_agreeme
nts.htm>@@@@@@@

(S) Ibid@@N

@za@b@b@|@QYVW@@@ia@ba@m@p@HTI
@LHEURATOMI@ia@a@ba@b@LHECSCI@@ ia@a
@ia@ba@p@QYYS@@@NHEECI@ia@bna@ba
@@NBThe European UnionB@ia@ba@g@bnm

(U) Commission of the European Communities, Commission

Opinion on Turkeys Request for Accession to the
Community , SEC (XY) RRYP final/ R~RP DecemberQYXY,
<http://europa.eu.int/comm/enlargement/turkey/pdfO
SecXY_RRYPf_en.pdf>@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
(V) European Commission, Interim Report Concerning the Reform
Process, the Human Rights Situation and the Consolidation of
Democracy in Turkey , Brussels, U July QYYU@N
(W) Human Rights Watch , Turkey: Human Rights Developments QYYU@N
(X) Interview with Tansu iller tells Europe that now, its either yes
or no , TIME Magazine , RP November QYYU, vol. QTV, No.RQ@N
(Y) Human Rights Watch, ' Turkey: Human Rights
Developments QYYU@N'

New York Post , "Turkeys EU Hurdles "Q January RPPU.

QYT

QYS

@@

@@ia@a@La@LbaB@di@a@oy@HSWI
@b@Lba@@c@bag@c@b@m@a@@ab@a@Ln
@@NB@ia@na@@@u@g@k@i@c@a@a

@http://europa.eu.int/comm/justic_home/unit/charte/en/aboutimpact.html@@

@@Nia@ba@ni@na@pan@b@a@n@c@@HSXI

(SY) European Council in Copenhagen, ' Conclusion of

Presidency@@N'@

(TP)@European Commission, ' Regular Report on Turkeys

Progress Towards Accession ' , RPPT@@@@@@@@@@@@

(TQ)@Ibid. , pSUN
(TR) Ibid , pSUN

@aI@R@ba@L@ ba@a@z@ba@bra@@HTI@ba@HTSI
@a@ba@a@a@[@kna@@zna@a@br@@HR
@a@b@QP@@Furundzija@@@iba@bi@ba
@@NHSI@a@LQYXX
@@Nia@b@ba@a@br@@HTI@ba@HTTI
(TU)@Nowak, ' Human Rights Conditionality ' , pVYQN

(TV)Luxemburg European Council , ' Presidency Conclusion ' ,

QRMQS December QYYW@

(TW) European Commission / European Union , ' Agenda RPPP: For

a Stronger and Wider Union ' , Communication of the
Commission , DOC YWOV , Strasbourg , QU July QYYW

QYV

(RP) BCC, ' Turkey EU entry as big as "D-Day" ', RP October RPPT@N
(RQ) Guardian, ' Ecstatic reception for Erdogan ' , QX December

RPPT.@
(RR) Council of the European Union, ' Brussels European Council
, QVOQW December RPPT , Presidency Conclusion@@N'@
(RS)@BBC, ' Turkey EU entry as big as "D-Day@N'@B
(RT) Quoted in the Washington Times, ' EU, Turkey set up talks
on admission ' , QX December RPPT.
(RU) BBC, ' Bush backs Turkeys EU efforts ' , QQ December RPPR.
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QW December RPPT.@
(RW) European Commission , ' Enlargement: Basic Arguments
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(RX) European Commission , ' Recommendation of the European
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(SQ) Commission of the European Communities , '
Recommendation of the European Commission on Turkeys
Progress Towards Accession@@@N'@
(SR) Council of the European Union , ' Brussels European
Council , QVOQW December RPPT , Presidency Conclusion@@N'@
(SS)@Directive RPPPOTS/EC@@N

@@La@a@@y@@a@a@r@c@a@HSTI

M. Nowak , ' Human Rights Conditionality in Relation to Entry

to , and Full Participation in , the EU ' , in P. Alston (ed.) ,
The EU and Human Rights (Oxford, Oxford University
Press, QYYY) , p VYS@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@N
(SU) Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union ,
(RPPP/cSVT/ PQ)@
(SV) Ibid. , Articles RQ and RR respectively@N

QYU

@@

(TX) European Commission , ' Agenda RPPP Commission

Opinion on Slovakia Application for Membership of the
European Union ' , DOC/YWORP , Brussels , QU July QYYW@N
(TY) European Commission , ' Regular Report on Turkeys
Progress Towards Accession ' , RPPT, pUU@

Nia@ba@b@@HQ@aI@V@ba@HUPI

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