Chapter 2 :

Physics Module Form 4 Force and Motion

2. 2.1 1.

FORCE AND MOTION ANALYSING LINEAR MOTION Types of physical quantity: (i) (ii) Scalar quantity: . Vector quantity: istance: isplacement: The followin" dia"ram shows the location of &ohor 'ahru and esaru. (ou can tra)el by car usin" e%istin" road )ia *ota Tin""i+ or tra)el by a small plane alon" strai"ht path. ,alculate how far it is from &ohor 'ahru to esaru if you tra)eled by: a. The car b. The plane *ota Tin""i #1 1m 4! 1m

Distance and displacement

2.

The difference between distance and displacement: (i) (ii)

!. #.

istance always lon"er than displacement. $%ample:

Solution:

&ohor 'ahru

30 1m

esaru

-ands.on /cti)ity 2.2 p" 10 of the practical boo1. 2dea of distance and displacement+ speed and )elocity. Speed and velocity 1. 2. !. #. Speed is .. Velocity is: ..... /)era"e of speed: /)era"e of )elocity: ...

Chapter 2 :

Physics Module Form 4 Force and Motion

4.

$%ample: /n aeroplane flies from / to '+ which is located !00 1m east of /. 5pon reachin" '+ the aeroplane then flies to ,+ which is located #00 1m north. The total time of fli"ht is # hours. ,alculate i. The speed of the aeroplane ii. The )elocity of the aeroplane Solution:

Acceleration and deceleration 1. Study the phenomenon below6

0 m s.1

20 m s.1

#0 m s.1

7bser)ation: 2. !. /cceleration is+ . Or, a v u Then+ a 8 t $%ample of acceleration6 t82s t82s

/ ' ,

0 m s.1

20 m s.1 2

#0 m s.1

20 0 2 = 10 m s-2
Chapter 2 :

Physics Module Form 4 Force and Motion

,alculate the acceleration of car6 i) ii) #. 4. from / to ' 9rom ' to ,

eceleration happens ... $%ample of deceleration6 / lorry is mo)in" at !0 m s.1+ when suddenly the dri)er steps on the bra1es and it stop 4 seconds later. ,alculate the deceleration of lorry.

Analysing o motion 1. :inear motion can be studied in the laboratory usin" a tic1er timer and a tic1er tape. ;efer te%t boo1 photo picture 2.# pa"e 23. (i) etermination of time:

(ii)

% y (iii)

etermination of displacement as the len"th of tic1er tape o)er a period of time.

. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . ...... . . . . . . . .
!

etermine the type of motion6

Chapter 2 :

Physics Module Form 4 Force and Motion

... (i))

etermination of )elocity

displacement 8 Velocity+ ) ()) 8

time 8 ..

etermine the acceleration :en"th<cm

= > 3 4 # ! 2 1 0 u )

T!e e"#ation o motion 1. 2.

tic1s

The important symbols : .. The list of important formula6

!.

$%ample 1 : / car tra)elin" with a )elocity of 10 m s.1 accelerates uniformly at a rate of ! m s.2 for 20 s. ,alculate the displacement of the car while it is acceleratin".

Chapter 2 :

Physics Module Form 4 Force and Motion

$%ample 2 : / )an that is tra)elin" with )elocity 13 m s.1 decelerates until it comes to rest. 2f the distance tra)eled is = m+ calculate the deceleration of the )an.

E$ecise 2.% 1.

:en"th < cm 9i"ure 2.1 shows a tape chart consistin" of 4.tic1 strip. escribe 13 the motion represented by /' and ',. 2n each case+ determine the 6 12 (a) (b) displacement a)era"e )elocity = # 0 9i"ure 2.1 / ' , Time<s

(c)

acceleration

2.

/ car mo)in" with constant )elocity of #0 ms.1 . The dri)er saw and obtacle in front and he immediately stepped on the bra1e pedal and mana"ed to stop the car in = s. The distance of the obstacle from the car when the dri)er spotted it was 1=0 m. -ow far is the obstacles from the car has sttoped.

Chapter 2 :

Physics Module Form 4 Force and Motion

2.2

ANA&'SIN( MOTION (RA)*S

0m 0s

100m 10s

200m 20s

!00m !0s

#00m #0s

400m 40s

displacement time

The data of the motion of the car can be presented. T!e displacement+time (rap! a) displacement (m) ?raph analysis: time (s) b) @ time (s) c) displacement (m) . ?raph analysis: . time (s) d) isplacement (m) .. ?raph analysis: . .. time (s) 3 displacement (m) ... ?raph analysis: ..

Chapter 2 :

Physics Module Form 4 Force and Motion

e)

displacement (m)

?raph analysis: .. .. ..

time (s) .. f) displacement (m) / ' ?raph analysis: .. .. 7 T!e velocity+time (rap! a) )< m s.1 ?raph analysis: .. .. t b) )< m s.1 t <s ?raph analysis: .... t t <s , time (s)

c)

) (m s.1)

?raph analysis: ...

t1

t2

t (s)

>

Chapter 2 :

Physics Module Form 4 Force and Motion

d)

) (m s.1)

?raph analysis: ....... .. t (s) ....

e)

) (m s.1)

?raph analysis: ...... .

.. t (s) E$amples 1. s<m

P Q

,alculate:. (i) Velocity o)er 7A+ B; and ;S (ii) isplacement Solution :

=
S

t<s

2.

)<m s.1 10 4
P

,alculate:. (i) acceleration+a o)er 7A+ AB and B; (ii) isplacement

Q

Solution :

10

t<s

Chapter 2 :

Physics Module Form 4 Force and Motion

E$cercise 2.2 1. (a) s<m (b) s<m 10 t<s .4 0 .10 9i"ure 2.21 escribe and interpret the motion of a body which is represented by the displacement time "raphs in 9i"ure 2.21 2 # t<s t<s (c) s<m

2.

escribe and interpret the motion of body which is represented by the )elocity.time "raphs shown in fi"ure 2.22. 2n each case+ find the distance co)ered by the body and its displacement (a) )<m s.1 (b) )<m s.1 10 t<s .4 0 .10 9i"ure 2.22 2 # t<s

Chapter 2 :

Physics Module Form 4 Force and Motion

2., 1. 2. !.

-NDERSTANDIN( INERTIA -and.on acti)ity 2.4 in pa"e 1= of the practical boo1 to "ain an idea of inertia

Idea o inertia

#.

Deanin" of inertia : ...

Mass and inertia 1. ;efer to fi"ure 2.1# of the te%t boo1+ the child and an adult are "i)en a push to swin". (i) (ii) 2. !. which one of them will be more difficult to be mo)ed ... which one of them will be more difficult to stopE .

The relationship between mass and inertia : . .. The lar"er mass .

E ects o inertia 1. Aositi)e effect : (i) (ii) (iii) 2. (i) ...

Fe"ati)e effect : .

.. (ii)

10

Chapter 2 :

Physics Module Form 4 Force and Motion

(iii) (i)) E$ecise 2., 1.

Ghat is inertiaE oes 2 1" roc1 ha)e twice the inertia of 1 1" roc1E

2.

9i"ure 2+! / wooden dowel is fitted in a hole throu"h a wooden bloc1 as shown in fi"ure 2.!1. $%plain what happen when we (a) stri1e the top of the dowel with a hammer+ (b) hit the end of the dowel on the floor. 2.. 1. 2. !. ANA&'SIN( MOMENT-M Ghen an obHect ic mo)in"+ ... The amount of momentum ... Domentum is defined. 11

Idea o moment#m

Chapter 2 :

Physics Module Form 4 Force and Motion

Conservation o moment#m mb
mg

vb

vg = 0

(mb I m") Startin" position before she catches the ball Receiving a massive ball

vb&g

vb mb Startin" position before she throws the ball

vg m"

Throwing a massive ball

T!e principle o conservation o moment#m / 1. $lastic collision ... u1 m1 u2 m2 m1 )2 m2

12

Chapter 2 :

Physics Module Form 4 Force and Motion

'efore collision 2.

after collision

2nelastic collision :... u1 m1 u2 8 0 m2 ) m1 I m2

'efore collision !. e%plosion :

after collision

........ )1 )2 m2

(m1 I m2)+ u 8 0

'efore e%plosion $%ample 1 :

after e%plosion

,ar /

,ar '

,ar / of mass 100 1" tra)elin" at !0 m s.1 collides with ,ar ' of mass C0 1" tra)elin" at 20 m s.1 in front of it. ,ar / and ' mo)e separately after collision. 2f ,ar / is still mo)in" at 24 m s.1 after collision+ determine the )elocity of ,ar ' after collision. Solution :

$%ample 2 : ,ar / of mass 100 1" tra)elin" at !0 m s.1 collides with ,ar ' of mass C0 1" tra)elin" at 20 m s.1 in front of it. ,ar / is pulled by ,ar ' after collision. etermine the common )elocity of ,ar / and ' after collision.

1!

Chapter 2 :

Physics Module Form 4 Force and Motion

Solution :

$%ample ! : / bullet of mass 2 " is shot from a "un of mass 1 1" with a )elocity of 140 m s.1 . ,alculate the )elocity of the recoil of the "un after firin". Solution :

E$ercise 2.. 1. /n arrow of mass 140 " is shot into a wooden bloc1 of mass #40 " lyin" at rest on a smooth surface. /t the moment of impact+ the arrow is tra)ellin" hori@ontally at 14 ms.1. ,alculate the common )elocity after the impact.

2.

/ riffle of mass 4.0 1" fires a bullet of mass 40 " with a )elocity of =0 m s.1 .,alculate the recoil )elocity. $%plain why the recoil )elocity of a riflle is much less than the )elocity of the bullet.

2.0

-NDERSTANDIN( T*E EFFECT OF A FORCE

Idea o orce 1. Ghat will happen when force act to an obHectE

1#

Chapter 2 :

Physics Module Form 4 Force and Motion

Idea o 1alanced orces 1. /n obHect is said to be in balance when it is: 2. Stationary obHect Stationary obHect e%planation : ... !. /n obHect mo)in" with uniform )elocity .. ... e%planation : ..

.. .. .. .. Idea o #n1alanced orces 1. 2. A body is said to be in unbalanced .. .. Relations!ip 1et2een orces3 mass and acceleration 4F 5 ma6 $%planation6 ...

14

Chapter 2 :

Physics Module Form 4 Force and Motion

!"periment 2 2 page 2# /im : To in)esti"ate the relationship between acceleration and force applied on a constant mass. !"periment 2 $ page $% /im: To in)esti"ate the relationship between mass and acceleration of an obHect under constant force. 1. ;efer to the result of e%periment 2.2 and 2.!+ 2. 1 newton (9 8 1 F) is defined as the force required to produce an acceleration of 1 m s.2 (a81 m s.2) when its actin" on an obHect of mass 1 1" ( m 8 1 1") So+ $%ample 1 : ,alculate 9+ when a 8 ! m s.2 dan m 8 1000 1"

!.

$%ample 2 : m 8 24 1" 9 8 200 F

,alculate the acceleration+ a of an obHect.

E$ercise 2.0 1. / trolley of mass !0 1" is pulled alon" the "round by hori@ontal force of 40 F. The opposin" frictional force is 20 F. ,alculate the acceleration of the trolley.

13

Chapter 2 :

Physics Module Form 4 Force and Motion

2.

/ 1000 1" car is tra)ellin" at >2 1m h.1 when the bra1es are applied. 2t comes to a stop in a distance of #0 m. Ghat is the a)era"e bra1in" force of the carE

2.7

ANA&'SIN( IM)-&SE AND IM)-&SI8E FORCE 2mpulse is . 2mpulsi)e force is 9ormula of impulse and impulsi)e force: ;efer+ 9 8 ma

Imp#lse and imp#lsive orce 1. 2. !.

$%ample 16 wall

2f 6 u 8 10 m s.1 + ) 8 . 10 m s.1 + m 8 4 1" 2mpulse+ 9t 8

and t 8 1 s

and impulsi)e force+ 9 8

$%ample 26

Gall with a soft surface

1>

Chapter 2 :

Physics Module Form 4 Force and Motion

2f 6 u 8 10 m s.1 + ) 8 . 10 m s.1 + m 8 4 1" 2mpulse+ 9t 8 #.

and t 8 2 s

and impulsi)e force+ 9 8

The relationship between time of collision and impulsi)e force.

E$ercise 2.7 1. / force of 20 F is applied for 0.= s when a football player throws a ball from the sideline. Ghat is the impulse "i)en to the ballE

2.

/ stuntman in a mo)ie Humps from a tall buildin" an falls toward the "round. / lar"e can)as ba" filled with air used to brea1 his fall. -ow is the impulsi)e force reducedE

2.9 :EIN( A;ARE OF T*E NEED FOR SAFET' FEAT-RES IN 8E*IC&ES

1=

Chapter 2 :

Physics Module Form 4 Force and Motion

Safety features in vehicles

$ein%orced passen!er compartment "ead rest indscreen Crumple #ones

Crash resistant door pillars

Anti-lock brake system (ABS) Traction control

Air ba!s

bumpers

Importance o sa ety eat#res in ve!icles Sa ety eat#res Aadded dashboard ;ubber bumper Shatter.proof windscreen /ir ba" Safety seat belt Importance &ncreases the time interval o' collision so the impulsive 'orce produced during an impact is thereby reduced Absorb impact in minor accidents( thus prevents damage to the car Prevents the windscreen 'rom shattering Acts as a cushion 'or the head and body in an accident and thus prevents in)uries to the driver and passengers Prevents the passengers 'rom being thrown out o' the car *lows down the 'orward movement o' the passengers when the car stops abruptly Prevents the collapse o' the 'ront and bac+ o' the car into the passenger compartment Also gives good protection 'rom a side,on collision

Side bar in doors

E$ercise 2.9 1. 'y usin" physics concepts+ e%plain the midifications to the bus that help to impro)e that safety of passen"ers and will be more comfortable.

1C

Chapter 2 :

Physics Module Form 4 Force and Motion

2.<

-NDERSTANDIN( (RA8IT'

,arry out hands.on acti)ity 2.= on pa"e !4 of the practical boo1. Acceleration d#e to gravity. 1. 2. !. #. 4. /n obHect will fall to the surface of the earth because... The force of "ra)ity also 1nown ... Ghen an obHect falls under the force of "ra)ity only+ ... The acceleration of obHects fallin" freely The ma"nitude of the acceleration due to "ra)ity depends ... (ravitational ield 1. 2. !. #. 4. 3. The re"ion around the earth is . The obHect in "ra)itational field The "ra)itational field stren"th is defined .. The "ra)itational field stren"th+ " can be calculate as6 /t the surface of the earth+ . .. This means .. 20

Chapter 2 :

Physics Module Form 4 Force and Motion

>.

$%ample 1. ,an you estimate the "ra)itational force act to your bodyE mass 8 30 1"+ " 8 C.= F 1".1+ 9 8 E

$%ample 2+ / satellite of mass 300 1" in orbit e%periences a "ra)itational force of #=00 F. ,alculate the "ra)itational field stren"th.

$%ample !+ / stone is released from rest and falls into a well. /fter 1.2 s+ it hits the bottom of the well. (a) Ghat is the )elocity of the stone when it hits the bottomE (b) ,alculate the depth of the well.

;eig!t 1. 2. The wei"ht of an obHect is defined .. 9or an obHect of mass m+ the wei"ht can be calculate as :

$%ample :

The mass of a helicopter is 300 1". Ghat is the wei"ht of the helicopter when it land on the pea1 of a mountain where the "ra)itational field is C.>= F 1".1E

21

Chapter 2 :

Physics Module Form 4 Force and Motion

E$ercise 2.< 1. S1etch the followin" "raphs for an obHect that fallin" freely. (a) (b) (c) isplacement.time "raph+ Velocity.time "raph /cceleration.time "raph

2.

The followin" data was obtained from an e%periment to measure the acceleration due to "ra)ity. Dass of steel bob 8 200 "+ distance co)ered 8 !.0 m+ time of fall 8 0.>C s. ,alculate the acceleration due to "ra)ity of steel bob. ?i)e the e%planation why your answer different with the constant of "ra)itational acceleration+ " 8 C.= m s.2.

2.= 1. 2.

IDEA OF E>-I&I:RI-M FORCES

/n obHect is in e"#ili1ri#m when :

stationary obHect

22

Chapter 2 :

Physics Module Form 4 Force and Motion

/n obHect mo)in" with uniform )elocity

Addition o Force 1. /ddition of force is defined as ..... !"amples : the 'orces are acting in one direction 91 8 10 F 92 8 4 F ;esultant force+ 9 !"ample : the 'orces are acting in opposite directions 91 8 10 F 92 8 4 F ;esultant force+ 9 !"ample : the 'orces are acting in di''erent directions 92 8 4 F 400

2!

Chapter 2 :

Physics Module Form 4 Force and Motion

91 8 10 F

Aarallelo"ram method: 1. 2. !. #. raw to scale. raw the line parallel with 91 to the ed"e of 92+ and the line parallel with 92 to the ed"e of 91 ,onnect the dia"onal of the parallelo"ram startin" from the initial point. Deasure the len"th of the dia"onal from the initial point as the )alue of the resultant force. 92

91 Trian"le method 1. 2. !. raw to scale. isplace one of the forces to the ed"e of another force. ,omplete the trian"le and measure the resultant force from the initial point. $%ample 1: urin" Sport ay two teams in tu" of war competition pull with forces of 3000 F and 4!00 F respecti)ely. Ghat is the )alue of the resultant forceE /re the two team in equilibriumE

$%ample 2:

/ boat in a ri)er is pulled hori@ontally by two wor1men. Gor1men /

2#

Chapter 2 :

Physics Module Form 4 Force and Motion

pulls with a force of 200 F while wor1men while wor1men ' pulls with a force of !00 F. The ropes used ma1e an an"le 240 with each other. raw a parallelo"ram and label the resultant force usin" scale of etermine the ma"nitude of resultant force. 1 cm : 40 F.

Resol#tion o a orce 1. ;esolution of a force is

;efer to tri"onometric formula:

$%ample :

The fi"ure below shows /li moppin" the floor with a force 40 F at an an"le of 300 to the floor.

9 8 40 F

24

Chapter 2 :

Physics Module Form 4 Force and Motion

$%ample of resolution and combination of forces

F=?

200 N 400

)ro1lem solving 1. 2. !. Ghen a system is in equilibrium+ . 2f all forces actin" at one point are resol)ed into hori@ontal and )ertical components+ $%ample 16 Show on a fi"ure6 a) the direction of tension force+ T of strin" b) the resultant force act to lamp c) calculate the ma"nitude of tension force+ T
T

700

700

a)T

b) TJ

mlamp 8 1.4 1" Glamp 8 1#.> F E$ercise 2.= 1. Two force with ma"nitude 1= F and 3 F act alon" a strai"ht line. Gith the aid of dia"rams+ determine the ma%imun possible )alue and the minimum possible )alue of the resultant force.

23

Chapter 2 :

Physics Module Form 4 Force and Motion

2.

/ football is 1ic1ed simultaneously by two players with force 220 F and 200 F respecti)ely+ as shown in 9i"ure 2.C. ,alculate the ma"nitude of the resultant force.

220 F C00 200 F

2.%?

-NDERSTANDIN( ;OR@3 ENER(' AND EFFICIENC' Gor1 is done+ .. G7;* is the product.. The formulae of wor16

;orA 1. 2. !.

#.

$%ample 16

9orce+ 9 s

$%ample 26

2>

Chapter 2 :

Physics Module Form 4 Force and Motion

=0 F 300 s8 4m

$%ample !6

98 !0 F

h 8 1.4 m

$%ample #6 9 8 300 F

S 8 0.= m Energy 1. 2. $ner"y is ................................................................................................................. $ner"y cannot be ....................................................................................................

2=

Chapter 2 :

Physics Module Form 4 Force and Motion

!. #.

$%ist in )arious forms such as ... $%ample of the ener"y transformation6

4. $%ample :

;orA done and t!e c!ange in Ainetic energy Force, F

s 1. 2. *inetic ener"y is ;efer to the fi"ure abo)e+ Throu!h, v& ' u& (&as u') and, as ' * v&

!.

$%ample 16

/ small car of mass 100 1" is mo)in" alon" a flat road. The resultant force on the car is 200 F. a) Ghat is its 1inetic ener"y of the car after mo)in" throu"h 10 mE b) Ghat is its )elocity after mo)in" throu"h 10 mE

2C

Chapter 2 :

Physics Module Form 4 Force and Motion

;orA done and gravitational potential energy

h 8 1.4 m 1. ?ra)itational potential ener"y is...

2. ;efer to the fi"ure abo)e6 !. $%ample6 2f m 8 10 1"

)rinciple o conservation o energy ,arry out hands.on acti)ity 2.10 on pa"e != of the practical boo1. To show the principle of conser)ation of ener"y. 1. 2. $ner"y cannot be $%ample : a thrown ball upwards will achie)e a ma%imum hei"ht before chan"in" its direction and falls

!.

$%ample in calculation : / coconut falls from a tree from a hei"ht of 20 m. Ghat is the )elocity of coconut Hust before hittin" the earthE

!0

Chapter 2 :

Physics Module Form 4 Force and Motion

)o2er 1. Aower is

2.

/ wei"htlifter lifts 1=0 1" of wei"hts from the floor to a hei"ht of 2 m abo)e his head in a time of 0.= s. Ghat is the power "enerated by the wei"htlifter durin" this timeE " 8 C.= ms.2)

E iciency 1. 2. efined... 9ormulae of efficiency :

!.

/nalo"y of efficiency6

Device/ mec i!e

$ner"y transformation #. $%ample6 /n electric motor in a toy crane can lift a 0.12 1" wei"ht throu"h a hei"ht of 0.# m in 4 s. urin" this time+ the batteries supply 0.= & of ener"y to the motor. ,alculate (a) The useful of output of the motor. (b) The efficiency of the motor

!1

Chapter 2 :

Physics Module Form 4 Force and Motion

,arry out hands.on acti)ity 2.11 on pa"e !C of the practical boo1 to measure the power.

E$ercise 2.%? 1. Ghat is the wor1 done by a man when he pushes a bo% with a force of C0 F throu"h a distance of 10 mE State the amount of ener"y transferred from the man to the force.

2.

/ sales assistant at a shop transfers 40 tins of mil1 powder from the floor to the top shelf. $ach tin has a mass of !.0 1" and the hei"ht of thee top shelf is 1.4 m. (a) ,alculate the total wor1 done by the sales assistant.

(b)

Ghat is his power if he completes this wor1 in 240 sE

2.%%

A))RECIATIN( T*E IM)ORTANCE OF MABIMISIN( T*E EFFICIENC' OF DE8ICES

!2

Chapter 2 :

Physics Module Form 4 Force and Motion

1. 2. !.

urin" the process of transformation the input ener"y to the useful output ener"y+ .. ... $%ample of wastin" the ener"y6 .. 2nput ene"y from the petrol output ener"y

. . .... .... #. 4. .. .. . . . .

The world we are li)in" in face acute shorta"e of ener"y. 2t is )ery important that a de)ice ma1es

;ays o increasing t!e e iciency o devices 1. 2. -eat en"ines .. $lectrical de)ices. ......

!!

Chapter 2 :

Physics Module Form 4 Force and Motion

Operation o electrical devices 1. 2. !. 2.%2 1. 2. !. The electrical de)ices increase the efficiency. Aroper mana"ement ..... .. -NDERSTANDIN( E&ASTICIT' $lasticity is ... 9orces between atoms .. 9orces between atoms in equilibrium condition
Force o" &''r&c'io! Force o" re#$%sio! Force o" re#$%sio!

,arry out -ands.on acti)ity 2.12 pa"e #0 of the practical boo1.

$%planation : #. 9orces between atoms in compression compressi)e force 9orce of repulsion compressi)e force 9orce of repulsion

!#

Chapter 2 :

Physics Module Form 4 Force and Motion

$%planation 6 4. 9orces between atoms in tension force of attraction

stretchin" force $%planation 6

stretchin" force

,arry out $%periment 2.# on pa"e #1 of the practical boo1 To in)esti"ate the relationship between force and e%tension of a sprin" *ooAeCs &a2 1. 2. !. -oo1eJs :aw states $lastic limit of a sprin" is defined. The sprin" is said to ha)e a permanent e%tension+... #. The elastic limit is not e%ceeded+.

4.

?raf 9 a"ainst % 9< F

+ Q P

!4
0 R ( )cm*

Chapter 2 :

Physics Module Form 4 Force and Motion

3.

Sprin" ,onstant+ 1 9<F 0.=

0 $%ample 16

%<cm

/ sprin" has an ori"inal len"th of 14 cm. Gith a load of mass 200 " attached+ the len"th of the sprin" is e%tend to 20 cm. a. ,alculate the sprin" constant. b. Ghat is the len"th of the sprin" when the load is in increased by 140 "E Kassume that g 8 10 F 1".1L

$%ample 26
F )N* , 7 . 4 / 2 1 0 0.1 0.2 0.! 0.# 0.4 Q

?raph 9 a"ainst % of sprin" A and sprin" B

P

The "raph shows the relationship between the stretchin" force+ 9 and the sprin" e%tension+ %. (a) ,alculate the sprin" constant of A and B. (b) 5sin" the "raph+ determine the stretchin" force acts to sprin" A and sprin" B+ when their e%tension are 0.4 cm

% (cm) !3

Chapter 2 :

Physics Module Form 4 Force and Motion

Elastic potential energy 1. $lastic potential ener"y .. sprin" with the ori"inal len"th 9 compression % % sprin" compressed 9 % 8 compression 9 sprin" e%tended % 8 e%tension 9+ e%tension % %

7ther situation where the sprin" e%tended and compressed Relations!ip 1et2een 2orA and elastic potential energy
F/N F (

?raph 9 a"ainst %

( / cm

$%ample 6

. 0g

1. cm

, cm

Factors t!at e ect elasticity -ands.on acti)ity 2.1! on pa"e #2 the practical boo1 to in)esti"ate the factors that affect elasticity.

Type of material iameter of sprin" wire iameter of sprin"

different same same

same different same

same same different

same same same

!>

Chapter 2 :

Physics Module Form 4 Force and Motion

:en"th of sprin" same Summarise the four factors that affect elasticity 9actor :en"th iameter of sprin" iameter of sprin" wire Type of material E$ercise 2.%2 1.

Same

same

different

,han"e in factor $ffect on elasticity Shorter sprin" :ess elastic :on"er sprin" Dore elastic Smaller diameter :ess elastic :ar"er diameter Dore elastic Smaller diameter Dore elastic :ar"er diameter :ess elastic the elasticity chan"es with the type of materials

/ 3 F force on a sprin" produces an e%tension of 2 cm. Ghat is the e%tension when the force is increased to 1= FE State any assumption you made in calculatin" your answer.

2.

2f a 20 F force e%tends a sprin" from 4 cm to C cm+ (a) what is the force constant of the sprin"E

(b)

,alculate the elastic potential ener"y stored in the sprin".

Rein orcement C!apter 2 )art A / O1Dective >#estions 1. Ghen a coconut is fallin" to the "round+ which of the followin" quantities is constantE /. Velocity '. ,. . Domentum /cceleration *inetic ener"y

!=

Chapter 2 :

Physics Module Form 4 Force and Motion

2.

2n an inelastic collision+ which of the followin" quantities remains constant before and after the collisionE /. Total acceleration '. Total )elocity ,. Total momentum . Total 1inetic ener"y ,alculate the wei"ht of a stone with mass 30 " on the surface of the moon. (The "ra)itational acceleration of the moon is 1<3 that of the $arth.) /. '. ,. . $. 0.1 F 0.2 F 0.# F 0.3 F 0.= F

0 2 # 3 Time < s ,alculate the momentum of the trolley from t 8 2s to t 8 #s. /. '. ,. . $. >. 1.4 1" m s.1 !.0 1" m s.1 #.0 1" m s.1 3.0 1" m s.1 >.4 1" m s.1

!.

This fi"ure shows an aircraft flyin" :ift in the air. Thrust /ir friction

#.

The momentum of a particle is dependent on /. mass and acceleration '. wei"ht and force ,. mass and )elocity Ghich of the followin" dia"rams shows a body mo)in" at constant )elocityE /. '. ,. . 2F 12 F 12 F 20 F 2F >F 1# F 1> F

Gei"ht The aircraft abo)e accelerates if /. '. ,. . =. :ift > Gei"ht Thrust > :ift :ift > /ir friction Thrust > /ir friction m 8 0.! 1" 4m Ghat is the momentum of the stone Hust before it hits the "roundE /. '. ,. . $. 0.14 1" m s.1 0.! 1" m s.1 1.4 1" m s.1 !.0 1" m s.1 14.0 1" m s.1

.1

3.

The "raph below shows the motion of a trolley with mass 1.4 1". Velocity < ms.1 #

Solution :

!C

Chapter 2 :

Physics Module Form 4 Force and Motion

C.

/ bi" ship will 1eep mo)in" for some distance when its en"ine is turned off. This situation happens because the ship has /. '. ,. . "reat inertia "reat acceleration "reat momentum "reat 1inetic ener"y

,alculate the time needed for the iron ball to land. (?ra)itational acceleration of the moon is 1<3 that of the $arth and " 8 C.= F 1".2) / ' , $ 0.3 s 1.# s 1.> s !.4 s 12.0 s

10.

/n iron ball is dropped at a hei"ht of 10 m from the surface of the moon. )art : / Str#ct#re >#estions 1.

(i) ,ar / ia"ram 1.1

(ii) ,ar '

ia"ram 1.1(i) and (ii) show two methods used by the mechanic to mo)e a brea1down car. / constant force+ 9 8 400 F is used to push and pull the car in method / and '. (a) (i) Ghich method is easier to mo)e the carE (ii) State a reason for your answer in (a)(i). (b) The frictional force actin" between the car and trac1 surface in both methods is 200 F. ,alculate+ the (i) hori@ontal resultant force in method /.

(ii)

hori@ontal resultant force in method '.

#0

Chapter 2 :

Physics Module Form 4 Force and Motion

(iii)

acceleration of the car in method '.

(c)

Su""est a method to mo)e ,ar ' so that the acceleration produced is equal to that of method /. ..

..

2.

ceilin"

Tin A (i) a) B

water ia"ram 2.1

F (ii)

hand

ia"ram 2.1(i) shows tin A that is empty and tin B that is filled with water. / student find difficult to pushed tin B. Grite the inference about the obser)ation. ia"ram 2.1(ii) shows a tin bein" released from the different positions D and F. The hand of a student at position ; needs "reater force to stop the motion of the tin fallin" from position D. $%plain this obser)ation.

b)

c)

'ased on the obser)ation (i) and (ii)+ state two factors that affect the ma"nitude of the momentum of the obHect. 2f water flows out from a hole at the bottom of the tin B+ how would the inertia of Tin B depends on time E

d)

!. A

2 ms.1 iron ball ( 2 1" ) #1

Chapter 2 :

Physics Module Form 4 Force and Motion

S !.0 m smooth surface 1.0 m B ia"ram ! ; ;ou"h surface

T 2.0 m

The fi"ure shows a iron ball that is rolled throu"h AB;ST. The rou"h surface of B; has frictional force of # F. a) ,alculate (i) the 1inetic ener"y of the iron ball at A.

(ii)

the potential ener"y of the iron ball at A.

(iii)

the total of ener"y of the iron ball at A.

b) c)

(i) (ii)

,alculate the total of ener"y of the iron ball when it reaches at B E ,alculate the wor1 done a"ainst friction alon" B;.

d)

,alculate the total 1inetic ener"y of the iron ball at S.

e)

,alculate the speed of the ball at position T.

)art C / Essay >#estions 1.

#2

Chapter 2 :

Physics Module Form 4 Force and Motion

(i)

(ii)

ia"ram 1.1 ia"ram 1.1(i) shows the condition of a car mo)in" at hi"h )elocity when it suddenly crashes into a wall. ia"ram 1.1(ii) shows a tennis ball hit with racquet by a player. a) (i) Ghat is the meanin" of momentumE (ii) 'ased on the obser)ations of ia"ram (i) and (ii)+ compare the characteristics of car when it crashes into the wall and the tennis ball when it is hit with a racquet. -ence+ relate these characteristics to clarify a physics concept+ and name this concept. $%plain why a tennis player uses a taut racquet when playin". 2n launchin" a roc1et+ a few technical problems ha)e to be o)ercome before the roc1et can mo)e upri"ht to the s1y. 'y usin" appropriate physics concepts+ describe the desi"n of a roc1et and the launch techniques that can launch the roc1et upri"ht. .i.iimomentum is product o' mass and velocity , The shape o' car changed but the shape o' wall remained , The shape o' ball remained but the shape o' the rac/uet string was changed .The rac/uet string is elastic but the wall is harder, The time ta+en o' collision between the ball and rac/uet string more than the time ta+en when the car hit the wall , The impulsive 'orce will decrease when the time o' collision increased , The concept is the impulsive 'orce

b) c)

Answer a-

b-

, To decrease the time o' collision between the ball and the rac/uet string , &mpulsive 'orce will be increased , The 'orce act to the ball will be increased , The velocity o' ball will be increased , Ma+e a gradually narrower at the 'ront shape .tapering: To decrease air 'riction , Made by the high strength and high rigidity o' materials : To decrease the probability to become dented .+emi+, Made by the low density o' material : To reduce the mass0weight , The structure is 'ractional engine

c-

#!

Chapter 2 :

Physics Module Form 4 Force and Motion

: The mass will be decreased and the velocity will increase , Made by the high o' heat capacity o' materials : &t will be high heat resistance

2.

Aroperties 'rand

;eaction time < s 0.! 0.4 0.2 0.3

Dass < 1" 1.4 1.= 0.C 2.4

/ ' ,

$n"ine thrust force < F 10.0 12.4 3.4 13.0

;esistance force < F #.0 2.# 2.2 3.4

2n a radio.controlled car racin" competition+ # mini.cars branded /+ '+ , and too1 part. The information of the # cars is "i)en in the table abo)e. etails of the abo)e information are "i)en as below6 ;eaction time . uration between the moment the radio.controlled is switched on and the moment the car starts mo)in". ;esistance . /)era"e )alue of opposin" forces includes the friction between wheels and trac1+ and air resistance. (a) Ghat is the meanin" of accelerationE (b) raw a "raph of )elocity a"ainst time that shows a car mo)in" initially with constant acceleration+ then mo)in" with constant )elocity and followed by constant deceleration until it stops. (c) $%plain the suitability of the properties in the abo)e table in constructin" a radio. controlled car racin" purpose. -ence+ determine which brand of car will win the 40.metre race. (c) 2f ,ar ' in the abo)e table is mo)ed up the plane at the an"le of !0o to the hori@on+ (i) Show that the car is able to mo)e up the plane. (ii) etermine the acceleration of the car.

##