Mac OSX 10.

8+
Recovery Partition: 10.8 has a recovery Partition o Can be put on a USB or External Drive Cant put on a drive if its a RAID Array Internet Recovery (Globe with progress bar) Can be done over an open network o Wifi works with WPA2 and below ! Supports EULA networks Downloads the tools when you boot into it (~650mb) Power Nap (New to 10.8) Can do updates (app) while asleep o System updates if plugged in Enable in Energy Saver settings Might need an SMC Update

2013

Backwards Compatibility of Apps Used to have Rosetta which allows PowerPC apps to run in Intel Macs, pre-10.7 Now places apps in Incompatible Folder within Mac HD Solution: Dual Boot with older Mac OS

Startup Stages:
Stage 1 Hardware POST (Power On Self Test) o Checks Memory, CPU, Bootrom o Beeps or lights flash depending on the computer o 1-3 Beeps = RAM Problem ! 1 No RAM Installed ! 2 Incompatible RAM ! 3 Bad module o 4-5 Beeps = Logic Board Issue ! 4 Bootrom Failed (NEED to replace Logic board) ! 5 CPU Failed

NOTE: If there is no Startup Chime, try resetting NVRAM Firmware (Grey Screen) o This is the software contained on the hardware o Checks the NVRAM settings o Looks for boot.efi (Apple Logo) ! The drives file needed for boot NVRAM Settings o Reasons to Reset: ! No Video ! Grey Screen hangs ! Flashing Folder icon then boots normally o Bootchime (System Audio Volume) o Firmware Password ! If enabled, it prevents the user from doing anything before Stage 2 (other than holding the OPT key) o Boot Device (Your startup HD Macintosh HD) o Display Setting ! Stores resolution and hz for booting (1024x768, 60hz) ! If no video on boot, try resetting NVRAM o Safe sleep Yes/No ! Stores items in RAM when computer is sleeping so you dont lose them when you open Mac. ! If YES, then you cannot reset the NVRAM o Kernel Panic Dumps ! After a kernel panic, Mac stores the dump file here until it next boots, SO DO NOT RESET RIGHT AFTER ! #1 Cause: Memory changes Stage 2: Software Apple Logo showing = Hardware is done loading Kernel & Kernel Extensions are loading Stage 3: Login User Environment loads Startup Modifiers: Option Key Boot Picker (choose drive to boot into)

CMD + S Single User Mode o fsck fy Ensures files are in the right location ! File System ChecK same as chkdsk ! -f Forces the check to run ! -y Auto repair/fix any issues ! CAN MESS UP DRIVE, BACKUP BEFOREHAND CMD + V Verbose Mode o Displays what the system is doing during startup/shut down o USE IF STUCK ON SPINNING GEAR CMD + R OSX Recovery o Reinstall from Time Machine o Reinstall OSX ! Need Apple ID and Internet Connection o Online Help ! Surf Web/Get Web Help o Disk Utility Mouse/Trackpad Button Ejects all optical/removable media o Can use Nylon Cable to force CD to stop and do hardware eject ! Only if CD is in there and spinning C Key Looks for boot.efi on removable media D Key Looks for diag.efi o Used for Apple Hardware Test (AHT) T Key Target Disk Mode Turns device into external HD o Only works over Firewire/Thunderbolt Shift Key Safeboot* o Disables all unnecessary H/W drivers o Forces fsck fy o Deletes + Creates a new Kext cache file ! Kext = Kernel Extensions = S/W drivers for H/W o Only loads core system fonts o Disables Auto-login o Useful for problems after boot screen Startup Icons: Apple Logo OS has loaded Ban Symbol

o Found OS, but it is bad/wrong (i.e. Cloning can cause this) o Missing Key startup File Globe o Looking for Netboot Server o Spinning = Found netboot Flashing Folder with ? o No Valid OS found on any connected volume ! Problem: Bad HD, Missing OS, HD is not plugged in

Installation and Recovery:

Requirements 10.8: 2GB RAM 8GB+ Free HD Space CPU Varies Other: Apple ID, Internet Any Mac 2010+ definitely works AT LEAST 10.6.8 o Incremental updates if you have anything before that. **Dont install any OS older than the one that came with the computer OSX Recovery: CMD + R @ boot Recover from Time Machine Reinstall OSX (requires Apple ID, internet) Online Help (Can surf web in Safari) Disk Utility (imaging, etc) Secure Erase Files o Erase Free Space (multiple levels; DOE, DOD) o Security Options (most secure) ! Drive shredding (physically) Utilities Menu o Firmware Password Utility o Network Utility ! Lets you check network functionality (Good Known OS)

o Terminal Apple Menu on Recovery: o Startup Disk Highlighted blue is whatever is in NVRAM

RAID Drives: Can install OS if you have 2+ drives in RAID setup Does not support Recovery Partition o No Recovery Utilities, no Filevault2 Cant install the OS on Time Machine Drives Must Reformat first

Mac Migration:
Option 1: Restore from Time Machine Backup Option 2: post-Install Migration (first time booting into OS) Option 3: Migration Assistant o Mac to- Mac ! Target Disk Mode (T) ! Time Machine Ethernet/Wifi (Same wifi network, Ethernet cord) PC Migration: Download Windows Migration Assistant Supports Windows XP SP3 + Migrates documents, iTunes, email accts File Systems: Root Directory o Core System components, only admins can modify o /System/Library/ ! Core OS components o /Library/ ! Prefs for ALL Users " Network prefs, power settings, login window, etc Users Folder o ~/Library (Shortcut to get into current users Library) o Opt + Go will unhide it for selection

o User specific preferences Accounts: Types of Accounts Root can do anything o Used in Terminal, not for logging into ! sudo . Admin must be at least 1 o Can install apps/printers o Change system preferences ! Denoted by padlock in bottom left o Change permissions/ownership of files o Can modify /Library and /System/Library o Add/Del/Mod User accounts Standard o Cant do any of the above o Can launch Apps Managed Account o Standard but with Parental Controls Guest o User home folder deleted at logout o Can set parental controls o Can use for troubleshooting since it has a default profile o WILL NOT WORK WITH FILEVAULT2 Share Only/Net User o No home folder/local login o Network folder/printer sharing only Groups **CTRL + Click on account for advanced options **Fast User Switching Click on name, top right Apps stay open/eat resources Keychain: Linked with Login password

o If password is changed, youll need to unlock old keychain or delete and use a new one ! Only if you FORCE a pw change on user ! Works fine if user changes pw through Users and Groups (since it asks for old one) Deleting Accounts: Option 1 Save the Home Folder and create a disk img (Slowest) o Creates a .dmg of files, deletes login info and account Option 2 Dont change Home Folder (Fastest) o Deletes login info and account, leaves Home folder o Doesnt change Home folder permissions Option 3 Delete Home Folder o Complete deletion (Slow if secure Erase) Security: Gatekeeper: Restricts App use/install privileges o 1) App Store Only o 2) App Store + Identified Developers o 3) Anywhere FileVault2 o Only on 10.7+ w/ recovery partition o Whole Disk Encryption o Computer Generated Key ! Store Key with Apple/in safe place o Cannot use Guest Account/SafeBoot o NOT ON RAID ARRAY/NON STANDARD PARTITION Privacy o Enable Location Services o Contacts (Which apps have access to contacts) o Diagnostics & Usage (Send to Apple) Network Status: Green: Link and Protocol Yellow: Link and no Protocol (No IP Info) Red: No Link, No Protocol

Nothing: Inactive Can Add/Remove Network Services o Top: Physical (H/W ports/components on the computer) o Bottom: Virtual (VPN, PPPOE, 6 to 4) Network Locations o Use where a network port must be configured w/ conflicting Settings Assist Me: o Assistant- New Wifi Work Location o Diagnostics Test Current Configuration

Firewall: Can block all incoming connections Apps can be given special permissions Stealth mode: makes computer stop responding to outside ping requests Network Utility: Info (IP), Netstate, ping, lookup, whois, tracerouter, finger, port scan Connection Doctors: Built into Apple apps to help with connection problems (Mail, Messages, etc) o Access from within the programs top Menu Airdrop: Creates AdHoc network Works with Macs within 30ft of eachother Encrypted file transfer (128, not 256=slow) 10.7+

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12/18/13 12:02 PM