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August 2009
BIG PICTURE
( )
Tough times don’t last.
But tough lift trucks do.
Strong, efficient and built for the job—ants and Toyota lift trucks both symbolize productivity.
In challenging times, or in the best of times, they just keep working. Toyota. The world’s #1 lift truck. 800-226-0009 • EarthsNumberOne.com
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Michael Levans
Group Editorial Director
michael.levans@reedbusiness.com
Bob Trebilcock
Executive Editor
robert.trebilcock@myfairpoint.net
Noël P. Bodenburg
Executive Managing Editor
noel.bodenburg@reedbusiness.com
Fueling the pioneer spirit
Lorie King Rogers
Associate Editor
lorie.rogers@reedbusiness.com
THERE’S A VERY succinct reason we feature their belts.
Sara Pearson Specter
Editor at Large progressive, innovative materials handling “The ‘Catch 22’ is that end users who
sara@moxiemarketingllc.com
practitioners on the cover of Modern month want to take a leadership position in their
Roberto Michel
Editor at Large after month: We want to showcase the best industry have to innovate to stay ahead
robertomichel@new.rr.com
of the best, but we also want to help push of the game; but in this kind of economy,
Tom Andel
Columnist the slow adapters over the fence. innovation may no longer be a line item
Jeff Berman There are a couple of common charac- on the budget,” says Trebilcock. “I wanted
Group News Editor
teristics that we find in these leaders. First, to find out what our industry is doing to
Robert Eckhardt
Senior Art Director they very rarely make snap decisions to keep materials and information handling
Daniel Guidera apply a new technology or to automate solutions within the reach of our custom-
Senior Art Director/
Illustration without weighing the ROI and measuring ers…and what I found is that there’s a lot of
Norman Graf the ultimate benefit to the company. affordable innovation going on.”
Director of
Creative Services In fact, these true visionaries have made We hope this new feature fuels your
advanced materials handling and distribu- pioneer spirit.
Brian Ceraolo
Group Publisher tion a core component of the company’s Editor’s Note: Like innovation, continuing
greater supply chain mission—or if they’re education is another critical element that
EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD like Kroger, who graced our cover back in can’t take a back seat during these tough
Ron Giuntini May, they’ve set out to flip their vertical times. To help meet this need, Modern
OEM Product-Services Institute
market on its head starting with the process continues its series of educational events
John Hill
eSync inside their four walls. with the launch of our live webcast devoted
Susan Rider Second, true innovators never stop inno- to the results of the 2009 Lift Truck Usage
Rider & Assoc.
vating, not even during the worst economic Study on Thursday, August 27, at 2:00 p.m.
Ken Ruehrdanz
Dematic climate of their lifetimes. They’ve come to Eastern. You can register now at mmh.
Dr. John Usher realize that innovation doesn’t necessar- com/lifttruck09.
University of Louisville
ily come with a huge price tag; in fact, it’s Our lift truck blogger/columnist Tom
Col. Alan B. Will
2d Marine Logistics Group often done best on a shoe string or through Andel will lead a panel discussion on the
Brett Wood precisely targeted investment designed to results of the study and identify the char-
Toyota Material Handling USA
solve the most pressing problems first. acteristics of the fleet managers who have
BOSTON DIVISION Well, this month we’ve set out to keep optimized this vital piece of equipment and
Mark Finkelstein
President - Electronics &
that ambitious set on the fast track, but mastered the art of balancing productivity
Manufacturing Division we’re also looking to give a little push to and safety. The panel will also go behind
REED BUSINESS INFORMATION
those managers who are still on the fence. the numbers to analyze the most common
Tad Smith On page 18, we’re offering the first in mistakes operators are making today.
Chief Executive Officer
our series of “Big Picture” features simply So, do you think your lift truck fleet is
John Poulin
Chief Financial Officer & titled “Affordable innovation.” Executive advanced? Attend this session and mea-
Executive Vice President
Editor Bob Trebilcock takes a look at how sure just how well you’re doing compared
MAGAZINE SUBSCRIPTIONS
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available at:
www.getFREEmag.com/MMH systems, software, and the lift truck indus- business.
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Company Briefings | Bob Trebilcock
Cash for clunkers in materials
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www.mmh.com/blog/clunkers
Takeaways | Tom Andel
Lift trucks and energy consumption
www.mmh.com/blog/energy
DATA CAPTURE
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plant for Toyota lift trucks. In
addition, he is now president of
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how sometimes all you have on the go is ica, a holding company, and a
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with you. Check our daily news and prod-
Handling U.S.A. (TMHU) board
ucts any time, any where. Bookmark our
new mobile site at: mobile.mmh.com. of directors.
As president, Sasaki is re-
sponsible for all aspects of the
Webcast
Tune in for the live results of Modern’s
Toyota lift trucks sold in the
United States.
Outgoing president Susumu
Kazue Sasaki
2009 Lift Truck Usage Study. In this Web- (Sonny) Toyoda will remain active in Toyota Industries
cast entitled “So, you think your lift truck Corporation (TICO). Toyoda, who served a five-year
fleet is advanced?” Modern’s lift truck
blogger/columnist Tom Andel leads a tenure at TIEM, was influential in leading the plant to
discussion around the complete results of achieve numerous environmental and manufacturing ac-
this exclusive study. colades including a zero-landfill status and the production
Thursday, August 27 at 2:00 p.m. EST of the 300,000th lift truck.
Register: mmh.com/lifttruck09 Sasaki brings more than 20 years of management
and engineering experience to the plant, most recently
serving as a senior managing officer of TICO. Prior to
Follow us on this role, Sasaki was a managing officer, director and led
TICO’s Engine Division, and was responsible for col-
Twitter
Stay connected: Get breaking news,
laborations with Toyota Motor Corp. to produce environ-
mentally friendly diesel engine concepts, along with new
business development activities.
updates to our site, as well as special “Sasaki’s passion for quality and excellence showcases
industry announcements. Follow Modern
on Twitter at: @ModernMHMag. In addi- his leadership abilities,” said Shankar Basu, chairman and
tion, you can follow our sister publication chief executive of TMHU and a director of Toyota Indus-
Material Handling Product News at: trial Equipment Mfg. “It is an honor to welcome him as a
@mhpn. You can also find Modern’s page member of the team.”
on Facebook and become a fan. Sasaki has a bachelor’s degree in mechanical engineer-
ing from Kyoto University.
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A
S I WRITE this column, the lift truck leasing market
is like the restaurant once described by the great
Yogi Berra: “Nobody goes there anymore. It’s too
crowded.”
Well, the market IS crowded—with inventory. The drop
in sales volume across ALL markets has led to more lift
trucks being parked—in end user facilities as well as at
dealer sites.
Dave Anderson, remarketing manager for Toyota
Financial Services (www.toyotafinancial.com), the captive
financing arm of Toyota Material Handling, says these Typical lift truck leases are based on fair market value. The
conditions have prompted his company to do things it customer has the option of returning the equipment at the end of
has never done before—like sell to wholesalers. the lease or buying it at its fair market value.
“When we go to remarket lift trucks in an auction
atmosphere we don’t get a lot of activity today,” Ander- the equipment’s destiny at the end of the transaction.
son told me. “Eighteen months ago on our typical bid list However…
we’d have multiple units and most sold. Now we go out “Our leases are unique because we guarantee what
with hundreds with marginal sales results. They’re good the residual will be,” Anderson says. “If our residual is
prices, residual or lower, but the dealers are so loaded $5,000 we guarantee that residual will be $5,000 regard-
up on inventory and so cash starved they can’t buy at this less of the fluctuation in the value of that truck.”
point. That’s why we’ve had to get more creative in selling Bob Sattler, vice president of Hyster Capital (www.
our merchandise.” hyster.com), the captive finance company for Hyster Co.,
says he’s seeing more refinancing
As inventory ages, it devalues. Providers are more activity than new-truck transactions.
“You want to keep that asset
willing to customize the terms to get customers to deployed as long as possible,” Sattler
sign on the dotted line. says, “so the lenders are willing to ex-
tend leases and even discount leases
Lift truck providers face the same reality customers at the end of the term to make sure those assets stay out
do: As inventory ages, it devalues. They HAVE to turn it there in the field as long as possible. At the back end of
over. That’s why leasing terms are more creative than ever. leases it’s a buyer’s market.”
Providers are more willing to customize the terms to get Let’s put it this way: it’s a qualified buyer’s market. The
customers to sign on the dotted line. size of a customer is no longer the determining factor in
how far a lift truck provider will go to please him or her.
It’s how credit-worthy they are. Yes, you’re in a better
Fair market value
position to get deals these days, but the price may be a
Typical lift truck leases are based on fair market value. The deeper dive into your financials.
customer has the option of returning the equipment at
the end of the lease or buying it at its fair market value.
Anderson explains that most of Toyota’s leases are
without option because the dealers want to control Contact Tom Andel at tandel4315@aol.com.
innovation
A ll talk and no action!
That best sums up the market for materials handling and sup-
ply chain software solutions in 2009. The industry’s customers
– that’s you, our readers – know they need to invest in innovation
if they’re going to continue to beat the competition and meet the expecta-
tions of customers. But given the only thing that most users know about the
near future is that they don’t know anything, few companies are willing to
pull the trigger on a new system, solution or piece of equipment.
“We’re getting more requests for quotations than get approved are those that deliver a return on invest-
last year,” says Scot Aitcheson, director of fleet man- ment this year.
agement for Yale Materials Handling Corp. (800- But let’s not forget that innovation is one of the
233-9253, northamerica.yale.com) “But even if we hallmarks of this industry. The best and the brightest
can prove the return on investment, there is a hesi- are turning on their creative juices to put affordable
tancy to take on any level of risk.” innovation in reach of even the tightest fisted CFO.
It’s not just lift truck customers who are holding In the following pages, we look at how 15 companies
tight to their purse strings. Talk to systems suppli- representing automated systems, software and the
ers or the technology industry and the story is the lift truck industry are approaching the market with
same: Lots of talk, no action. The projects that do their customers’ leaner wallets in mind.
Automated systems:
Taking the cost out of
automation
Time for a tune-up the system with new controls and software; it may
“If you already have a system in place, you’ve probably involve energy-saving measures that put the system
invested a lot in that solution,” says Ken Ruehrdanz, in sleep mode when there’s no activity; or the addi-
business development manager for Dematic (877- tion of variable frequency drives that allow you to
725-7500, www.dematic.us). “But when is the last speed up or slow down the system according to the
time you had someone come in and tune up the sys- level of activity. If the audit calls for a more expan-
tem?” A Dematic team will perform an audit of your sive solution, Dematic can create a modular design
existing system, often at a very low cost, and then to the system. That may involve installing one-
recommend affordable steps to get more productiv- aisle of an automated storage and retrieval system
ity from the investment you’ve already made. Those to begin automating a slow-moving pick area, with
recommendations may be as simple as modernizing more aisles added later.
Supply chain
software:
Automating
across the
supply chain
WMS for the rest of us
“The traditional software model is fundamentally
broken,” says Jim Burleigh, chief executive officer
of SmartTurn (888-667-4758, www.smartturn.com).
“There are so many costs associated with imple-
menting, operating and maintaining the system.” approaches to this market. One is to take a compo-
SmartTurn provides a warehouse management sys- nent of the company’s package, like labor manage-
tem (WMS) in a software-as-a-service model (SaaS). ment, that can be delivered as a standalone applica-
The company’s solution is loaded on its own servers tion. A second is for RedPrairie to implement and
and is accessed over the Internet by users who pay manage the system on a dedicated server at its host-
a monthly subscription fee as low as $500 a month ing center, much like a 3PL managing order fulfill-
for basic inventory management, $800 a month for ment services for a company. The customer gets the
what SmartTurn defines as a full-blown WMS. The benefit and security of having its own system, while
company, in turn, is responsible for maintenance paying a subscription fee.
and upgrades. SmartTurn isn’t right for everyone.
For instance, the company doesn’t offer labor man- Slotting software as a service
agement, companies with sophisticated picking Slotting software helps customers save money by
strategies will find it lacking, and it isn’t designed relocating products in the DC to reduce the travel
to work with automated materials handling systems. time for picking. Rather than purchase the soft-
“Our sweet spot is warehouses of less than 150,000 ware, SI Systems (800-523-9464, www.siingenuity.
square feet, which is the majority of the facilities com) offers it as a service that users can access over
out there,” says Burleigh. “For the most part, they the Internet. A customer provides SI Systems with
don’t need that functionality.” a layout of its facility, the type of conventional and
automated picking systems it uses, the location of
WMS as a 3PL products within that layout and the orders that are
In warehousing, third party logistics providers, processed at any given period of time. With that
or 3PLs, make their money by turning the capital information, the system creates a baseline, deter-
investment of creating and operating a transporta- mining for instance how much travel it takes to
tion department or distribution center into a man- fill those orders and replenish locations. Once the
aged service provided by the 3PL. RedPrairie (877- baseline is created, the system can create alternative
733-7724, www.redprairie.com) is doing something plans for slotting and picking, and compare them to
similar for the WMS and transportation manage- see if the savings associated with the new strategy
ment system (TMS) user with the kind of sophisti- is enough to off-set the cost associated with reslot-
cated warehousing and transportation requirements ting. “Typically, we can show a customer a payback
that can’t be handled by an entry-level WMS, says of less than a year, including the cost of using the
RedPrairie’s Chris Hickey, executive vice presi- service,” says chief operating officer William Casey.
dent of sales. RedPrairie is taking several different
Lift trucks:
Flexible supply chain
collaboration
Supply chain collaboration platforms allow compa-
Affordable
nies pursuing an outsourced manufacturing or dis-
tribution strategy to collaborate with all of its trading materials
handling
partners. While other collaboration providers offer
their software over the Internet as a service, Amitive
(650-212-1415, www.amitive.com) is taking it one
step further, by offering a solution that automatically
scales to a company’s computing needs, says chief Lowering the cost of ownership for
executive officer Amar Singh. “Traditionally, a com- pre-owned lift trucks
pany plans its hardware structure for peak capacity,” Crown (419-629-2311, www.crown.com) is work-
says Singh. “But that means that most of your serv- ing closely with dealers to help customers under-
ers are idle 80% of the time.” Instead, Amitive has stand that Crown pre-owned lift trucks offer more
developed a load-balancing technology that moni- than simply a new set of tires and paint job. Crown’s
tors the load on a customer’s database servers. If the Encore series assures each pre-owned lift truck
system senses that a customer is using a lot of com- undergoes an extensive rebuild process including
puting resources and maxing out a server, it will add original parts. A comprehensive warranty includes 90
another one to pick up the slack. If the usage goes days on all wearable items and 180 days on all major
down, it will remove a server. “If you have a business components. On average, 85% of the components
that runs on 10 servers all day long, you won’t see on Crown lift trucks are engineered and manufac-
much of a savings,” says Singh. “But if you have a tured by Crown. This enables the company to take
business with seasonal demand and peaks, we think a number of steps during the manufacturing process
you’ll see significant savings because you’re only to ensure the trucks can provide the same level of
paying for capacity as you use it.” performance in a second life. The Crown Encore
series features exclusive use of Crown Integrity Parts,
Get your programming which have been designed selected, built and tested
software for (almost) free to meet specific performance goals. Crown says its
Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) are the Integrity Parts typically last two to three times longer
brains behind an automated materials handling sys- than aftermarket alternatives.
tem. These processors receive orders from a ware-
house management or warehouse control system and Right-sizing your fleet
make sure that the wheels, gears and motors on the One of the first places to save money on lift trucks is
equipment do what they’re supposed to do, when to analyze your fleet to ensure that you have the right
they’re supposed to do it. Rockwell Automation number of trucks in the first place. “The majority of
is taking steps to reduce the cost of the software customers I talk to with fleets of 100 or more trucks
used to program its MicroLogix line of micro- and have about 15% more equipment than they need,”
mid-sized PLCs, says Rick Sykora, product market- says Scot Aitcheson, director of fleet management
ing manager for component software for Rockwell for Yale Materials Handling Corp. (800-233-9253,
Automation (414-382-2000, www.ra.rockwell.com). northamerica.yale.com). “As a fleet management
“We’ve designed the program to ease the cost of service, we will spend time with those customers to
acquisition for these processors, which are used analyze how they’re using their equipment by model
in applications like a conveyor system or a pallet- and location to make sure they have the right num-
izer,” Sykora says. “If you want to experiment with ber of trucks at each location.” The result: Instead of
a processor and see what it’s like, you can down- replacing 20 trucks, a customer may find that they
load the software for free. If you decide you need only need to replace five and that they can reassign
a larger PLC, we’ve created two packages at $129 the other 15 from one location to another. That not
and $500.” A similar package used to list for $1,200, only frees up money in the budget for other purposes,
Sykora says. the customer also saves on labor, parts and mainte-
facilities
with spans in excess of 500 feet
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Lift Truck Usage Study Webcast
LIVE Thursday, August 27 at 2:00 PM EST • REGISTER: www.mmh.com/lifttruck09 modern SPECIAL REPORT
TOP 20
LIFT TRUCK
SUPPLIERS
For the first three
fiscal quarters of 2008,
worldwide lift truck
sales rolled right along.
In the fourth quarter, it
was a different story.
By Lorie King Rogers, Associate Editor
2007’s $7.80 billion, it was enough to revenue from all 20 companies on MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS
give the company a strong grasp on the Modern’s ranking list reached $28.99 In the merger and acquisition area,
top slot. billion. That’s a 8.46% decline over the there weren’t too many major breaking
The Kion Group (North American fiscal year 2007 total of $31.67 billion. news flashes. However, at the end of
brand: Linde) held on firmly to the No. 2008 Mitsubishi Caterpillar Forklift
2 position with $6 billion in revenue. MAKING THE LIST Europe (MCFE) took a controlling
That number was down from last year’s To be eligible for Modern’s annual top interest in the Finnish lift truck pro-
$6.3 billion, but more than double 20 ranking, companies must manufac- vider Rocla. As a result, Rocla has
the revenue from No. 3 Jungheinrich, ture and sell lift trucks in at least one of become a subsidiary of MCFE. Since
which reported $2.98 billion. the Industrial Truck Association’s seven the deal was completed toward the
NACCO Industries (North American truck classes: electric motor rider; elec- end of the year, the companies are
brands: Hyster, Yale) climbed from $2.7 tric motor narrow aisle; electric motor reporting separately this year, but are
billion to $2.8 billion, but not enough to hand trucks; internal combustion expected to report a combined 2009
move them out of the No. 4 position. engine, cushion tire; internal combus- figure next year.
Rounding out the top five is Crown, tion engine, pneumatic tire; electric
with $1.82 billion. Its 2008 revenue and internal combustion engine tow MOVING FORWARD
was enough to bring the company up tractors; rough terrain for lift trucks. Simpson predicts that the big players
from last year’s No. 6 ranking. As a Rankings are based on worldwide will get bigger and the small ones will
result, Mitsubishi Caterpillar moved to revenue from powered industrial trucks find it difficult to compete. “It’s my
the No. 6 slot with $1.67 billion. during each company’s most recent fis- belief that the large, full-service compa-
The combined industrial lift truck cal year. nies will continue to grow. It’s the Wal-
Mart scenario, and it’s alive and around very soon. When you talk
well in the lift truck industry.”
Worldwide lift truck orders 2008 to people in the business, the
Is that a good thing? Region Number of orders Percent change major players and ITA members,
“If you’re a small entrepre- Europe 367,000 -9% they’re not just sitting around
neur in a small town, you might Americas 200,000 -13 % saying ‘woe is me.’ Everyone fully
not think so,” says Simpson. Asia 267,000 -5 % accepts the fact that volumes
“But for the end users it’s more are lower and we have to make
Africa 16,000 no change
and more important as it relates tough decisions. Leaders all look
to the life cycle of a lift truck.” Oceania
22,000 -9%
at this as an opportunity to look
He explains that people who Total 872,000 -8% at what they do and do it better.
are making capital investments Source: World Industrial Truck Statistics We think the industry will come
in lift trucks or any mission- back as a better one than before
critical equipment are looking this happened.”
to buy from a stable company that can INDUSTRY GETS A LIFT
offer full service during the life of a lift During the first five months of 2009, ON THE HORIZON
truck. They can’t afford to buy some- industry numbers have not deteriorat- Last year Modern recommended
thing that isn’t fully supported and doc- ed; things haven’t gotten worse. That keeping an eye on emerging Chinese
umented when something goes wrong. means we’re closer to the end than the and Indian lift truck suppliers. It’s
“Buying a major brand may cost a lit- beginning of the economic downturn. still good advice. The worldwide
tle more up front, but if there’s a prob- “No doubt that 2009 started out economic situation affected every-
lem, you can make a call and it’s fixed. poorly,” says Simpson, “but I predict one. So once we’re back on track, we
The after sales support and service of our next report will show an increase. repeat, Modern will be keeping tabs
a product is more important than ever,” And many of us in the industry on emerging Chinese and Indian lift
says Simpson. believe we’ll be seeing a positive turn- truck suppliers.
At the
end of the line
Here are three examples of best practices in end-of-the-line packaging
that might make a difference in your facility.
Page 30
Rental giant Blockbuster installed
an integrated packaging line that
delivers the perfect order, but also
reduces product damage and rejec-
tion rates.
Page 32
Since the installation of a new auto-
mated palletizing line, Ventura Foods
has seen a reduction in labor and
eliminated workers compensation
claims due to heavy lifting.
Page 33
With a new stretch film system, auto
accessory manufacturer Ranch Hand
Truck Accessories increases produc-
tivity and yields savings in labor and
materials costs.
Print/apply labeling
enhances efficiency
Blockbuster installed an integrated packaging line that delivers
perfect order fulfillment and also reduces product damage and
rejection rates.
By Sara Pearson Specter, Editor at Large
Thanks to its customers, CHEP saved 2.5 billion pounds of solid waste from ending up in landfills
in one year alone*. To see just how, and to calculate how CHEP can help grow your company's profits
and environmental profile, visit CHEP.com /onepallet.
© 2008. CHEPUSA. All Rights Reserved.
* Study by Franklin Associates. Based on 2007 total CHEP network volume versus one-way whitewood.
PA C K A G I N G
Automated palletizing
improves bottom line
Since the installation of a new automated palletizing line,
Ventura Foods has seen a reduction in labor and eliminated back
injury insurance claims.
By Sara Pearson Specter, Editor at Large
Stretch packaging
protects truck parts
With a new stretch film system, an auto accessory manufacturer
increases productivity and yields savings in labor and materials costs.
By Sara Pearson Specter, Editor at Large
mmh.com
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Getting more from less with
inventory optimization
Early adopters of inventory optimization management systems are improving
service levels while reducing the amount of inventory in the supply chain.
By Bob Trebilcock, Executive Editor
Inventory optimization
Supplier Factory Warehouse Store
Software
The challenge for the supplier left location, or echelon, at a time, a multi- 7900, www.manufacturing-insights.
tossing the hot potato from hand to echelon optimization solution uses com) and the co-author of “The Modern
hand is: Figure out just how much sophisticated algorithms that can assess Supply Chain: Inventory Optimization
stock to keep and where to warehouse demand and inventory positions across Competitive Assessment,” adding that
it to minimize a company’s investment a network, and then set inventory lev- inventory optimization fits that bill.
in inventory, and still meet the service els at multiple locations, or echelons, “These tools are driving some pretty
levels demanded by customers. No one simultaneously. Better visibility allows a significant savings, and in the current
benefits from stock outs, manufactur- company to improve service levels while environment, more companies should
ing lines that grind to a halt, or an air- reducing the total amount of inventory be taking a closer look,” Ellis says.
plane sitting on the ground because a in the supply chain. While this is still
critical part isn’t on the shelf. an emerging supply chain software New approach
The old fashioned way to avoid those area, these applications are delivering The catalyst for the adoption of these
outcomes was to load up on safety measurable value to early adopters, new systems is simple: With traditional
stock at each storage location in the including paybacks of less than a year inventory planning systems, users often
network. The smarter way is to use a set in some instances. ended up with too much inventory at
of software tools known as multi-ech- “Any company that’s going to invest one location, and too little at another,
elon inventory optimization to set and in technology in 2009 wants that says Ellis. A company with multiple
monitor inventory levels. investment to be cash flow positive warehouses, for instance, might place
These applications take a holistic in 2009,” says Simon Ellis, practice a replenishment order when it runs
approach to inventory management. director for supply chain strategies at low on a specific item at one facil-
Instead of setting inventory levels one Manufacturing Insights (508-988- ity, even though another facility might
have more than it needs of that same tions like: What’s the impact of holding the day, the replenishment system can
item. “When you factor in the little bit inventory in a semi-finished state versus compare the inventory position in a
of excess inventory that ends up on the a completely finished state?” says Lizza. facility against the policy created by the
shelf because of a reorder or as safety “I can model the impact of pre-building optimization system.”
stock, it really adds up,” says Fred Lizza, some of inventory I might need to meet When it’s time to reorder, the sys-
CEO of Optiant (781-238-8855, www. seasonal demand.” tem can look first to see if stock can
optiant.com). “That’s the inventory we And, like an event management and be transferred between facilities. If
want to eliminate.” visibility tool, an optimization applica- so, an order can be sent to the WMS
Multi-echelon inventory optimiza- tion can be used to highlight excep- and transportation management system
tion, on the other hand, looks at the tions to inventory levels or demand. “If (TMS) in the facility with extra stock,
supply chain in three dimensions—it’s everything is flowing according to the just like any other order. It’s all auto-
a little like playing three-dimensional plan, and this week’s safety stock target mated, so it can happen without some-
chess compared to the traditional board for an SKU is the same as last week’s one intervening.
game. Instead of optimizing each loca- target, nothing hits the radar screen,”
tion separately, these applications can says Lizza. “But if there is a spike in Managing spare parts
see the whole supply chain at once. demand or something changes in pro- One of the first adopters of multi-ech-
“Instead of looking at your inventory duction and a part is being consumed elon inventory optimization was the
in a silo, a multi-echelon system can faster than was planned, the system repair parts industry. It faces a unique
look at all of the inventory drivers for will alert an inventory planner that the set of issues: A machine or piece of
the network: from the forecast, the stock level needs to change.” equipment may have to be supported
amount of safety stock you might need At that point, the system can run a for decades, the demand for specific
to meet a customer’s service level, your new plan and set new stock levels for parts is unpredictable, and contracts
inventory positions, and everything you a part. may require delivery of some parts to
have on hand,” says Rod Daugherty, Most importantly, because the sys- a maintenance organization in as lit-
senior director of product strategy for tem is tracking inventory across the tle as two hours. “Typically, what you
Manhattan Associates (770-955-7070, supply chain, it can work with supply find is that 80% of your parts will be
www.manh.com). “It sees those up and chain execution systems, like ware- used less than one time a year,” says
down the network.” house and transportation management Tim Andreae, senior vice president of
What’s more, like a supply chain systems, to transfer stock between marketing for MCA Solutions (215-
network design tool, an optimization facilities rather than order additional 717-2180, www.mcasolutions.com).
tool allows a user to perform what-if stock. “As you’re picking in a distribu- “Deciding whether you even need to
scenarios that incorporate variability tion center, a warehouse management stock one or two of those parts to meet
and uncertainty into the planning pro- system (WMS) is keeping track of the a service level is an important deci-
cess to come up with an optimal plan. inventory on hand,” says Manhattan sion—both from a service and a finan-
“The system allows me to answer ques- Associates’ Daugherty. “At the end of cial point of view.”
A multi-echelon optimization tool
allows maintenance organizations
to balance financial considerations
Inventory optimization in action and service-level requirements, says
COMPANIES ARE USING inventory optimization to solve a variety of inventory Andreae, by factoring in the variability
problems. Some examples include:
• A CPG company in the cosmetics business uses inventory optimization to and unpredictability associated with
determine the right mix to stock of the season’s hottest shades while still service parts into the inventory plan-
meeting demand for the basics. ning equation. They do this by look-
• A manufacturer with off-shore manufacturing operations uses the tool to set ing at everything from the design of
inventory levels that will meet service levels without holding so much inven- the network to the parts required for
tory that the carrying costs off-set the savings from moving manufacturing
to a low-cost country. scheduled maintenance programs to
• A candy manufacturer with its own brand and private label customers uses a multi-year history of unscheduled
the tool to decide how much product can be manufactured in advance, how maintenance for every part. In addition,
much of that can be wrapped in advance, and how much can be kept in a the system can be tied into a product
semi-finished state to meet demand. lifecycle management system (PLM) to
• A maker of electronic games uses the tool to determine how to phase out
the inventory of a discontinued model while ramping up the production and factor in any changes to the product or
introduction of a new model. to be notified when a new part can be
used to replace a prior part. “The sys-
tem takes all of that information in to Having optimized inventory levels, going to use to meet demand,” Najmi
set stock levels for every part, and to says Najmi, companies are now using says. “In the last two years, we have
determine where in the supply chain to the tools to answer questions like how seen companies review their network
locate those parts,” says Andreae. to optimize the total net landed cost designs and their optimization plans on
The payoff: By bringing both intel- associated with a product. “Given the a fairly regular basis.”
ligence and discipline to the inventory volatility in fuel costs and the globaliza- Najmi calls this optimized perfor-
planning process, service parts cus- tion of the supply chain, the problems mance. One company he works with
tomers “have been able to reduce their today are much more complex,” he has a network of small DCs close to its
inventory by anywhere from 15% to says. “The visionaries are determining markets that are used to distribute pro-
40% while still providing the same level whether they are better off using fast motional items. “They’re changing how
of service,” says Andreae. What’s more, modes of transportation, like air cargo, they utilize those facilities and what
by automating the process, supply chain to get frequent deliveries and carry less stock flows through them every week,”
planners are much more productive. inventory, or using cheaper but slower Najmi says. “They’re using these tools
transportation methods and carrying to get much more agile about their sup-
The next echelon more inventory.” ply chain.”
Now that some early adopters have Increasingly, inventory optimiza- While most companies are still trying
mastered the basics of multi-echelon tion is working hand in hand with sup- to go from a single- to multi-echelon view
optimization, they are taking the sys- ply chain network design applications, of their inventory, performance optimi-
tems to a new level of planning, accord- and doing so on a more regular basis. zation is where the industry is heading.
ing to Adeel Najmi, vice president of “It used to be that a company would do “Today, it’s the visionaries that are going
product strategy and planning for i2 a one-time design to optimize where to the next level, but other companies
Technologies (800-800-3288, www. the factories and DCs were going to be will have to get there sooner or later in
i2.com). located and what strategies they were order to compete,” Najmi says.
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