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Compiled by Imrana Jalal, Senior Social Development Specialist (Gender), ADB The World Bank. 2011. World Development Report 2012 Gender Equality and Development. Washington, D.C.
Women were found to be employed mostly in agriculture and animal husbandry (36%), followed by beauty therapy/hand embroidery (29%), hotel management and tourism (13%), and the engineering sector (22%). Mens employment was the highest in the engineering sector (62%). Of the female graduates who were employed, 63% had an income of more than US$60 (Rs. 6,000) per month. The project had difficulty in attracting women to training areas that have traditionally been dominated by men, such as that of masonry, carpentry, and the electrical and plumbing trades. As well as encouraging women to enter these trades, the enabling environment has to be created by changing the values and attitudes of the society through awareness and sensitization activities Notwithstanding the difficulties of gender segregated employment in Nepal, of particular interest is that the project enabled one woman to become the first female plumber in Nepal, and over 22% of female graduates found employment in the engineering sector, a labor market industrial sector historically closed to women. This was achieved through better industry and school linkages in which concerted efforts were made to give all graduates industry placements and internships as part of the TVET training course. The projects post-training support program ensured linkages to the job market and ensured that the trainees gained employment. Performance based contracts were focused on an increased employment rate during the first 3 to 6 months after the completion of the training, under which technical training providers (TTPs) were given a bonus (a certain % of the contract) if they were able to make placements for the trainees. This triggered increased employment for both women and men. The placements increased the possibility of future permanent employment in the organizations that participated in the placement arrangements. The strategy included using district officers and staff of selected NGOs/CBOs and training providers who were trained on the GCE-sensitization module. This assisted in the identification of industry placement and employment opportunities suitable for members of the groups. This project will open new doors for Nepali women and enable some to gain work that pays better wages.
See feature article and read Sumitra Shresthas story. Sumitra is the only female plumber in Nepal. View project documents including the Project Completion Report and Gender Caste and Ethnic Strategy (p.33).
The views expressed in this paper are the views of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), or its Board of Governors, or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this paper and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. The countries listed in this paper do not imply any view on ADB's part as to sovereignty or independent status or necessarily conform to ADB's terminology.