Transport Phenomena in Multiphase Systems by A. Faghri & Y.
Zhang 1 Chapter 6 Melting and Solidification Transport Phenomena in Multiphase Systems by A. Faghri & Y. Zhang 2 Chapter 6: Melting and Solidii!ation 6." #ntrodu!tion
Melting and solidification find application in the
geophysical sciences; industrial forming operations such as casting and laser drilling; and latent heat energy storage systems.
Melting and solidification processes can be
classified as one of the three types: one-region, two-region, and multiple-region. 6." #ntrodu!tion Transport Phenomena in Multiphase Systems by A. Faghri & Y. Zhang 3 Chapter 6: Melting and Solidii!ation
The classification depends on the properties of the
phase change material !CM" in#ol#ed and on the initial conditions.
$or a single-component !CM, melting or solidification
occurs at a single temperature.
!ure water, for e%ample, melts at a uniform temperature
of &C, while pure n-'ctadecane C()*+)" melts at ,) C.
$or the solid-li-uid phase change process of a !CM with
a single melting point, the solid-li-uid interface appears as a clearly-obser#able sharp border.
.nitial conditions for the solid-li-uid phase change
process of a single-component !CM determine whether the problem will be classified as a one- or two-region problem. 6." #ntrodu!tion Transport Phenomena in Multiphase Systems by A. Faghri & Y. Zhang 4 Chapter 6: Melting and Solidii!ation
$or the melting or solidification" process, if the
initial temperature of the !CM e-uals the melting point, the temperature in the solid li-uid" phase remains uniformly e-ual to the melting point throughout the process.
.n this case, only the temperature distribution in
the li-uid solid" phase needs to be determined.
Thus, the temperature of only one phase is
un/nown and the problem is called a one-region problem.
$ig. 6.( shows the temperature distribution of
one-dimensional, one-region melting and solidification problems. 6." #ntrodu!tion Transport Phenomena in Multiphase Systems by A. Faghri & Y. Zhang 5 Chapter 6: Melting and Solidii!ation 6." #ntrodu!tion Figure 6.1 One-region melting an solii!i"ation. Transport Phenomena in Multiphase Systems by A. Faghri & Y. Zhang 6 Chapter 6: Melting and Solidii!ation
$or the melting process, if the initial temperature of the
!CM is below the melting point of the !CM or abo#e, for solidification", the temperature distribution of both the li-uid and solid phases must be determined; this is called a two-region problem.
$ig. 6., shows the temperature distribution of one-
dimensional two-region melting and solidification problems.
$or a multi-component !CM, the solid-li-uid phase
change process occurs o#er a range of temperatures T ml , T m2 ", instead of at a single temperature.
The !CM is li-uid if its temperature is abo#e T
m2 and solid when its temperature is below T m1 . 0etween the solid and li-uid phases there is a mushy zone where the temperature falls within the phase change temperature range T ml , T m2 ". 6." #ntrodu!tion Transport Phenomena in Multiphase Systems by A. Faghri & Y. Zhang 7 Chapter 6: Melting and Solidii!ation 6." #ntrodu!tion Figure 6.# T$o-region melting an solii!i"ation. Transport Phenomena in Multiphase Systems by A. Faghri & Y. Zhang 8 Chapter 6: Melting and Solidii!ation
Successful solution of phase change problems in#ol#ing
these substances re-uires determination of the temperature distribution in the li-uid, solid, and mushy 1ones; therefore, these are referred to as multi-region problems.
The temperature distribution of one-dimensional
solidification in a multi-component !CM is shown in $ig. 6.+, where it can be seen that the solution re-uires trac/ing two interfaces.
.n solid-li-uid phase change problems, the location of the
solid-li-uid interface is un/nown before the final solution is obtained and this presents a special difficulty.
Since the interface mo#es during melting or solidification,
such problems are referred to as moving boundary problems and always ha#e time as an independent #ariable. 6." #ntrodu!tion Transport Phenomena in Multiphase Systems by A. Faghri & Y. Zhang 9 Chapter 6: Melting and Solidii!ation 6." #ntrodu!tion Figure 6.% Solii!i"ation o! a multi"omponent P&M Transport Phenomena in Multiphase Systems by A. Faghri & Y. Zhang 10 Chapter 6: Melting and Solidii!ation 6." #ntrodu!tion Figure 6.' &onu"tion- an "on(e"tion- "ontrolle melting