Index

Absorbers 238245 Adaptive crossed dipoles 160165 Adaptive genetic algorithm 6974 Adaptive reector antenna 148160 Adaptive supervisory algorithm 7677 Almost uniformly excited arrays 65 Amplitude and phase adaptive nulling 136144 Amplitude tapering 6465 Antenna array 325, 4561, 63126, 134148, 253256, 261267 Antenna under test (AUT) 7885 Aperiodic arrays 85, 94105 Array element perturbation 9298 Array element spacing 85105 Arrays of strips 218223 Articial magnetic conductor (AMC) 225, 236238 Autocovariance matrix 134135 Average performance 5961 Axial ratio 163, 206 Backscattering 219 Bifolded monopole 176179

Binary chromosome 32 Binary encoding 46 Blending crossover 39 Broadband 207 Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (BFGS) algorithm 16, 2124, 219223 Chromosome denition 29 Cognitive parameter 255 Complex weighting 7585 Conformal arrays 105112 Conical absorber 238241 Conjugate gradient 17 Conjugate vectors 17 Continuous single point crossover 3841, 47 Convergence 42 Cooling schedule 24 Coordinate search 14 Cost denition 29 Crooked-wire antennas 179184 Crossed dipoles 161164 Cylindrical array 141144

Genetic Algorithms in Electromagnetics, by Randy L. Haupt and Douglas H. Werner Copyright 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

299

300

INDEX

Davidon-Fletcher-Powell (DFP) algorithm 16, 2124, 219223 Dielectric frequency selective surface (DFSS) 225 Difference sets method 88 Discrete Fourier transform (DFT) 99, 101, 103, 105, 267 Double point crossover 38 Driving-point impedance 9498 Dual-band 209 Electrically loaded wire antennas 169179 Electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) 224, 225, 236238 Element spacing 85105 Equivalence principle 106 Exhaustive search 5 Extrapolating crossover 39 Finite difference time domain (FDTD) 108, 112 Finite element boundary integral (FEBI) method 108, 229230 Finite element method (FEM) 108 Fitness 30, 3234 Flat lens 225 Fletcher-Reeves algorithm 17 Fractal arrays 98105, 264267 Fractal-random arrays 101105 Fractile arrays 98101 Frequency selective surface (FSS) 223224 Frequency selective surface (FSS) lters 225233 Friis transmission formula 161, 164 Gene denition 29 Genetic algorithm advantages 26 Genetic algorithm owchart 3031 Golden mean 7 Golden search 6 Gosper island fractile 99 Grating lobes 94105 Hessian matrix 16 Heuristic crossover 39, 41 Horn antenna 202204 Hybrid genetic algorithm 204, 219223

Initial population 31 Interleaved thinned arrays 8892 Iterated function systems (IFS) 184185 Least mean square (LMS) algorithm 135136 Line search 13, 19 Linear crossover 39, 41 Local search algorithm 9 Main beam constraint 137 Matching network 177178 Mate selection 3537 Mating pool 35 Meander-line antennas 184194 MEMS 113 Metamaterial 225 Method of moments (MoM) 108, 114, 123, 174, 179, 182, 184, 189 Micro-genetic algorithm (MGA) 109, 174175, 210 Microstrip antenna 205213 Multilayer dielectric absorber 241245 Multiple variable optimization 10 Multiple-objective optimization 3334, 257267 Mutation 42 Mutation rate 42, 4849, 57, 251255 Multiband antennas 170172 Natural selection 3435 Near eld plane wave synthesis 7885 Negative index metamaterial (NIM) 225 Nelder-Mead downhill simplex algorithm 18, 2124, 93, 111, 219223 Newtons method 7, 16 Nulling 4554, 222223 Nulling with least signicant bits 136147 One-dimensional optimization 3 Parallel genetic algorithm 210211, 230231 Pareto front 257 Pareto set clustering 259261

INDEX

301

Particle swarm optimization (PSO) 190, 255256 Peano-Gosper array 99101 Perfect electric conductor (PEC) 108, 170, 225 Phase center 203 Phase-only adaptive nulling 145148 Phase-only array synthesis 6974 Phase tapering 6674 Physical optics (PO) 218 Planar array 261267 Polak-Ribiere algorithm 18 Polarization loss factor 161 Polyfractal array 101105, 264267 Population denition 29 Population size 145, 251255 Powells method 17 Quadratic crossover 39 Quadratic interpolation 9 Quantized low-sidelobe phase tapers 6668 Radar cross section (RCS) 217 Random search 5, 11, 219223 Rank order selection 35 Reciprocity theorem 106 Recongurable aperture (RECAP) 112113 Recongurable apertures 112126 Recongurable frequency selective surface (RFSS) 233235 Recursive beamforming algorithm 103104 Reectarrays 105 Reection coefcient 206, 211, 228, 236 Reector antenna 148160, 199202 Restarting 23 Radiofrequency identication (RFID) 184, 188189 Roulette wheels selection 3537, 4648

Salisbury screen 242 Scattering 217245 Scattering from strips 150160, 218223 Seeding 23 Shaped-beam synthesis 7578 Sidelobe canceler 133134 Simplex 18 Simulated annealing (SA) 2425 Single point crossover 37, 38 Smart antenna 133 Social parameter 255 Spherical-circular array 110112 Spherical-planar array 110112 Stacked patch 206212 Steepest descent 15, 16, 2124, 219223 Stochastic antennas 185194 Strength formula 258 Strength Pareto evolutionary algorithm (SPEA) 258267 Stub-loaded monopole 170172 Sum-and-difference arrays 9091 Symmetric jammers 140142, 146147 Temperature 2425 Thinned array 5461, 8688, 261264 Thresholding 3435 Tournament selection 37, 56 Uniform crossover 3738 Uniform theory of diffraction (UTD) 109 Very high frequency (VHF) 109, 170 Voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) 9697, 118, 122, 171, 174178, 192, 207210 Volumetric recongurable antennas 115116, 119122 Wedge absorber 238241 Wiener-Hopf solution 135 Woodward synthesis method 75 Yagi-Uda antennas 169, 189194