Land Use: Grasslands and Rangelands National Parks and Reserves

1: What is the term for: * Natural Grasslands: A vegetation community that is likely to contain a number of different grassland associations or communities which, while floristcally distinct, share many common attributes. * Managed Grasslands: Creating national parks out of areas, protecting them from harm so they can florish and grow. 2: Ho do e sustain rangeland !rodu"tivit#$ By controlling the number and distribution of livestock and by restoring degraded rangeland. %: When does overgra&ing o""ur$ When too many animals graze for too long and exceed carrying capacity of a grassland area. ': What are a#s that !eo!le are tr#ing to !reserve the grasslands on "attle ran"hes$ By paying ranchers conservation easements barring future owners from development! and pressuring government to zone the land to prevent development of ecologically sensitive areas. (: What ere some of the "auses of the )meri"an *ust +o l of the 1,%-.s$ "ver exploitation of resources caused great damage to the American West #oor farming practices, overgrazing, farming arid lands /: What are some of the reasons to esta0lish National Parks and Reserves$ $onumentalism % preserving areas with enormous, beautiful or unusual features "ffer recreational value to tourists, hikers, fishers, hunters and others #rotect areas with utilitarian benfits,such as clean drinking water &se sites that are otherwise economically not valuable and are therefore easy to prtect

#rotection of biodiversity

1: What is the )nti2uities )"t of 1,-/$ Where the president can declare selected public lands as national monuments. 3: Who esta0lished the National Wildlife Refuges$ When$ 't began in ()*+ by #resident ,heodore -oosevelt ,: What are ilderness areas$ Areas that are off limits to development of any kind % open to the public for hiking, nature study ect. 1-: What is the ise4use movement$ A coalition of individuals and industries that oppose environmental protection. 11: Whi"h !resident has eakened ilderness !rote"tion$ Ho $ .eorge W. Bush by having federal agencies shift policies and enforcement % away from preservation and conservation but towards recreation and resource extraction. 12: What is a land trust$ /ocal or regional organizations that purchase land to protect it. 1%: *efine the follo ing: 5rans0oundar# Park 6 An area of protected land overlapping national borders Pea"e Park 6 ,ransboundary reserves that help ease tensions by acting as buffers between nations +ios!here Reserves 6 /and with exceptional biodiversity % couple preservations with sustainable development

1': What is ha0itat fragmentation$ 0escribes the emergence of discontinuities in an organism1s preferred environment causing population fragmentation. 1(: What is a "orridor$ Areas connecting two or more regions.

1/: What are some of the a#s that National Parks are threatened$ "verused due to popularity, inholding private ownership! within parks threatening natural resources, and air pollution. 11: What are some solutions to !rote"ting our National Parks$ 'ntegrate plants for managing parks and nearby federal lands add new parkland near threatened parks Buy private land inside parks

/ocate visitor parking outside parks and use shuttle buses for entering and touring heavily used parks 'ncrease funds for park maintenance and repairs 2urvey wildlife in parks -aise entry fees for visitors and use funds for park management and maintenance /imit the number of visitors to crowded parks areas 'ncrease the number and pay of park rangers 3ncourage volunteers to give visitors lectures and tours 2eek private donations for park maintenance and repairs

13: Ho mu"h of the 7arth.s land is "urrentl# !rote"ted nature reserves$ Currently (45 of earth1s land area is protected, only 65 is strictly protected from harmful human activities. Conservation biologists call for full protection of at least 4*5 of earth1s land area representing multiple examples of all biomes.