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INTERNATIONAL BACCALAUREATE ORGANIZATION PHYSICS DATA BOOKLET November 2002

To be used in the teaching and examination of IB Diploma Programme physics

Valid for examination sessions from May 2003

http://www.xtremepapers.net

Physics Data Booklet First published August 2001 Reprinted November 2002

International Baccalaureate Organization 2001, 2002 Organisation du Baccalaurat International Route des Morillons 15 Grand-Saconnex / Genve CH-1218 SWITZERLAND

Fundamental Constants
Quantity
Acceleration due to gravity (Earths surface) Gravitational constant Avogadros constant Gas constant Boltzmanns constant

Symbol g

Approximate Value

9.81 m s 2
6.67 1011 N m 2 kg 2 6.02 1023 mol1 8.31 J K 1 mol1 1.38 1023 J K 1 5.67 108 W m 2 K 4 8.99 109 N m 2 C 2 8.85 1012 C 2 N 1 m 2 4 107 T m A 1 3.00 108 m s 1 6.63 1034 J s 1.60 1019 C 9.11 1031 kg = 0.000549 u = 0.511 MeV c 2 1.673 1027 kg = 1.007276 u = 938 MeV c 2 1.675 1027 kg = 1.008665 u = 940 MeV c 2 1.661 1027 kg = 931.5 MeV c 2

G NA R k

StefanBoltzmann constant Coulomb constant Permittivity of free space Permeability of free space Speed of light in vacuum Plancks constant Charge on electron Electron rest mass Proton rest mass Neutron rest mass Unified atomic mass unit

k
0 0

c h e me mp mn u

IB Diploma Programme: Physics Data Booklet, November 2002

Metric (SI) Multipliers

Prefix
tera giga mega kilo hecto deca deci centi milli micro nano pico femto

Abbreviation
T G M k h da d c m n p f

Value
1012 109 106 103 102 101 10-1 10-2 10-3 10-6 10-9 10-12 10-15

Unit Conversions
1 light year (ly) = 9.46 1015 m 1 parsec (pc) = 3.26 ly 1 astronomical unit (AU) = 1.50 1011 m 1 radian (rad) = 180/ 1 kilowatt-hour (kW h) = 3.60 106 J 1 atm = 1.01 105 N m-2 = 101 kPa = 760 mm Hg

IB Diploma Programme: Physics Data Booklet, November 2002

Electrical Circuit Symbols

cell

battery

lamp

ac supply

switch

ammeter

voltmeter

galvanometer

resistor

potentiometer

transformer

heating element

IB Diploma Programme: Physics Data Booklet, November 2002

Equations
Core
Topic 1 Physics and physical measurement

Additional Higher Level

AV

AH AH = A cos AV = A sin

Topic 7
If y = a b

Measurement and uncertainties

then y = a + b

If y = then

ab c

y a b c = + + y a b c

Topic 2
s t v t

Mechanics

Topic 8
F m m r2

Mechanics

vav = aav =

g=

g =G

IB Diploma Programme: Physics Data Booklet, November 2002

Core
Topic 2 Mechanics (continued)

Additional Higher Level

Topic 8 Mechanics (continued)

v = u + at

s=

u+v t 2
1 2

F =G

m1m2 r2 m1m2 r

s = ut +

Ep = G

at 2
V = G

v 2 = u 2 + 2as s : displacement t : time u : initial speed v : final speed a : acceleration

F = ma

m r

T2 = constant R3 Ffr s FN Ffr = k FN

= Fr sin

p = mv F = p t

Impulse = F t = mv
W = Fs cos Ek = Ek =
1 2

mv 2

p2 2m

Ep = mg h F = kx Eelas =
1 2

kx 2

power =
a=

work = Fv time

v 2 4 2 r = 2 r T

IB Diploma Programme: Physics Data Booklet, November 2002

Core
Topic 3
F A

Additional Higher Level

Thermal physics Topic 9
W = pV Q = U + W +Q = thermal energy transferred to the system +U = increase in internal energy of the system +W = work done by the system
efficiency =

Thermal physics

p=

Q = mcT Q = mL pV = nRT

Qh Qc Qh
(Carnot cycle)

Qh Qc = Th Tc
efficiency =

Th Tc Th

(Carnot cycle)

Topic 4
1 T

Waves

Topic 10
1 f = f vs 1 v

Waves
moving source

f =

v = f
sin 1 v = 1 sin 2 v2
n1 sin 1 = n2 sin 2

v f = f 1 o moving observer v
f beat = f1 f 2

c n= v

d sin = n s=

D
d

IB Diploma Programme: Physics Data Booklet, November 2002

Core
Topic 5
F =k
E=

Additional Higher Level

Electricity and magnetism Topic 11 Electromagnetism

q1q2 1 q1q2 = 2 r 4 0 r 2

V =k E=

q 1 q = r 4 0 r V x

F q

E=k V E= d I = R=

q r2

= BA cos

Vp Vs

= Bvl = N = Np Ns t

q t V I V2 R

I rms = Vrms =

P = VI = I 2 R =
R = R1 + R2

I0 2 V0 2

1 1 1 = + R R1 R2 F = qvB sin F = IlB sin B=

0 I
2 r NI = 0 nI l

B = 0

F 0 I1 I 2 = l 2 r

IB Diploma Programme: Physics Data Booklet, November 2002

Core
Topic 6 Atomic and nuclear physics

Additional Higher Level

Topic 12 Quantum physics and nuclear physics

E = mc 2

E = hf

hf = + Ek max hf = hf 0 + eVs p= h

N = N 0 e t T1 =
2

ln 2

IB Diploma Programme: Physics Data Booklet, November 2002

Options Standard Level

Option A
F m

Mechanics extension

g=

g =G F =G

m r2 m1m2 r2 m1m2 r

Ep = G V = G

m r

T2 = constant R3 Ffr s FN Ffr = k FN

= Fr sin

Option B
E = hf hf = + Ek max hf = hf 0 + eVs p= h

Quantum physics and nuclear physics

N = N 0 e t T1 =
2

ln 2

IB Diploma Programme: Physics Data Booklet, November 2002

Options Standard Level

Option C
W = pV

Energy extension

Q = U + W +Q = thermal energy transferred to the system +U = increase in internal energy of the system

+W = work done by the system

efficiency = Qh Qc = Th Tc efficiency = power =
1 2

Qh Qc Qh (Carnot cycle) Th Tc Th (Carnot cycle)

Av3

10

IB Diploma Programme: Physics Data Booklet, November 2002

Options Standard Level/Higher Level

Core (SL + HL)

Extension (HL only)

Option D

Biomedical physics

= 10 log
I = I 0e x x1 =
2

I where I 0 = 1012 W m 2 I0

Mechanical Advantage =

load effort

Velocity Ratio =

ln 2

distance moved by effort distance moved by load Absorbed Energy mass

Absorbed dose =

Exposure =

total charge mass

Dose equivalent = quality factor Absorbed dose 1 1 1 = + TE TB TR

Option E

The history and development of physics

Any formulas required will be found in the core topics.

1 1 = RH 2 2 m n 1 xp E t h 2 h 2

Any other formulas required will be found in the AHL topics.

IB Diploma Programme: Physics Data Booklet, November 2002

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Options Standard Level/Higher Level Core (SL + HL)

Extension (HL only)

Option F

Astrophysics

L = AT 4

v = Hd
2.90 103 T (kelvin) v c

max (metres) =
d ( parsec ) = b= L 4 d 2

1 p ( arc-second )

Option G

Relativity

1 1 v2 c2

p = m0u
2 4 E 2 = p 2 c 2 + m0 c

t = t0 L=
/ = ux

L0

f g h = 2 f c RSch = 2GM c2

ux v u v 1 x2 c

m = m0 E0 = m0 c 2 E = mc 2

12

IB Diploma Programme: Physics Data Booklet, November 2002

Options Standard Level/Higher Level Core (SL + HL)

Extension (HL only)

Option H

Optics

n1 sin 1 = n2 sin 2 1 n= sin c 1 1 1 = + f u v m= M = hi v = ho u

= 1.22

d sin = n

i o

IB Diploma Programme: Physics Data Booklet, November 2002

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