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!s February 2013 INSTRU"TIONS 1. This assignment accounts for 30 of the mo!ule assessment. 2. Ans"er A## #uestions. 3. $f you ha%e any !oubt as to the interpretation of the "or!ing of a #uestion& ma'e your o"n !ecision& but clearly state it on the script. (ame $n!e- (o 1atch ) *aya"eera +.,.(. ) 11.10/0 )$n!ustrial Automation 22011320134
5age 1 of 6
EE6071 $%es io& 1 a4 Discuss the benefits of using a multiple8bus architecture compare! to single8bus architecture. 9sing a multi8bus architecture "ill really impro%e the spee! an! also increase the performance of processor in e-ecution of !ifferent instructions& because using a multi8 bus architecture "ill help in such a "ay that one !e%ice "oul! be connecte! to one bus or less !e%ices "oul! be connecte! to one bus rather than in single bus architecture more !e%ices "oul! be attache! to single bus. :ence& the !elay in e-ecution of instructions of the !e%ices "oul! be really less& because in case of single bus architecture the !elay is greater. Actually& "hen an instruction is transferre! by the bus to the processor from a specific !e%ice& the other !e%ices "ait for the bus to be free an! transfer their instructions "hen the bus becomes free. :ence each !e%ice has to "ait for the bus to be free an! hence a !elay comes in the e-ecution of the instructions. (o"& in multi bus architecture less !e%ices are connecte! to a single bus hence the !elay in the e-ecution of instructions is less& Therefore& impro%ing the spee! of the e-ecution of the program. b4 1riefly !escribe follo"ing interfaces. 2i4 5;$ E-press 5;$ E-press 25eripheral ;omponent $nterconnect E-press4& officially abbre%iate! as 5;$e& is a high8spee! serial computer e-pansion bus stan!ar! !esigne! to replace the ol!er 5;$& 5;$8<& an! A,5 bus stan!ar!s. 5;$e has numerous impro%ements o%er the aforementione! bus stan!ar!s& inclu!ing higher ma-imum system bus throughput& lo"er $3= pin count an! smaller physical footprint& better performance8scaling for bus !e%ices& a more !etaile! error !etection an! reporting mechanism 2A!%ance! Error >eporting 2AE>4& an! nati%e hot8plug functionality. More recent re%isions of the 5;$e stan!ar! support har!"are $3= %irtuali?ation. 2ii4 SATA SATA host a!apters an! !e%ices communicate %ia a high8spee! serial cable o%er t"o pairs of con!uctors. $n contrast& parallel ATA 2the !esignation for the legacy ATA specifications4 use! a 1/8bit "i!e !ata bus "ith many a!!itional support an! control signals& all operating at much lo"er fre#uency. To ensure bac'"ar! compatibility "ith legacy ATA soft"are an! applications& SATA uses the same basic ATA an! ATA5$ comman!8set as legacy ATA !e%ices. 2iii4 9S1 9S1 %ersion 1.1 supporte! t"o spee!s& a full spee! mo!e of 12Mbits3s an! a lo" spee! mo!e of 1.6Mbits3s. The 1.6Mbits3s mo!e is slo"er an! less susceptible to EM$& thus re!ucing the cost of ferrite bea!s an! #uality components. For e-ample& crystals can be replace! by cheaper resonators. 9S1 2.0 "hich is still yet to see !ay light on mainstream !es'top computers has uppe! the sta'es to @A0Mbits3s. The @A0Mbits3s is 'no"n as :igh Spee! mo!e an! "as a tac' on to compete "ith the Fire"ire Serial 1us.
5age 2 of 6
EE6071
USB Speeds High Speed - 480Mbits/s Full Speed - 12Mbits/s Low Speed - 1.5Mbits/s
2i%4
$EEE 13.@ 2Fire+ire4 De%ices attache! to the $EEE 13.@ serial bus support to the automatic configuration. 9nli'e 9S1 !e%ices& each 13.@ no!e that attache! to the bus automatically participates in the configuration process "ithout inter%ention from the host system. 0i'e any bus that supports bus mastering the 13.@ bus has the ability to increase o%erall system performance. $n the 5; en%ironment the 13.@ bus can re!uce traffic across 5;$ an! re!uce access to the memory sub systems. Many peripheral !e%ices such as har! !ri%es an! %i!eo cameras re#uire high throughput. The 13.@ bus accommo!ates these types of !e%ices "ith the @00 Mb3s transfer rate.
2%4
>S8232 2serial port4 >S8232 2>ecommen!e! Stan!ar! 8 2324 is a telecommunications stan!ar! for binary serial communications bet"een !e%ices. $t supplies the roa!map for the "ay !e%ices spea' to each other using serial ports. The !e%ices are commonly referre! to as a DTE 2!ata terminal e#uipment4 an! D;E 2!ata communications e#uipment4& an! coul! inclu!e items li'e a computer an! mo!em& respecti%ely. 9p!ate! !esignations for this protocol ha%e inclu!e! E$A8232 2Electronic $n!ustries Alliance4 an! the more current E$A3T$A8232 2Telecommunications $n!ustry Association4. These organi?ations ha%e %oluntarily ta'en on the protocol an! the tas' of impro%ing it. Though it is sponsore! by organi?ations in the 9nite! States& the most current %ariety is compatible "ith a stan!ar! 'no"n as $T9 %.2@ 2$nternational Telecommunication 9nion4. ;ompliance "ith the international stan!ar! helps manufacturers turn out pro!ucts that "ill "or' in a global mar'etplace.
5age 3 of 6
EE6071 $%es io& ' a4 ;alculate 783 using four bit numbers an! 1oothBs Algorithm. M 0111 0111 0111 0111 0111 0111 0111 0111 A 0000 1001 1100 0011 0001 1010 1101 1110 C 1101 1101 1110 1110 1111 1111 0111 1011 C81 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 start& n D @ A D A8M AS>& n D 3 A D AEM AS>& nD2 A D A8M AS>& nD1 AS>& nD0
The har!"are comprises of n8bit Multiplican! 214& n8bit Multiplier 2C4& an! controller mo!ule& Arithmetic 0ogic 9nit 2A094 an! pro!uct 2A4 unit. As the inputs to the System multiplican! an! multiplier are gi%en an! accor!ing to the booth algorithm ;ontroller mo!ule gi%es the instruction to a!!ition& shifting right an! "rite. The =peration is iterate! up to nD0.
5age @ of 6
EE6071
$%es io& ( a4 0ist an! briefly !escribe the 'ey ser%ices pro%i!e! by an operating system. 1. ;onte-t S"itching F Sche!uling& "hich allocate a process ;59 time to e-ecute its instructions. 2. Memory Management& "hich !eals "ith allocating memory to processes. 3. $nter process ;ommunication& "hich !eals "ith facilities to allo" concurrently running processes to communicate "ith each other. @. File Systems& "hich pro%i!e higher le%el files out of lo" le%el unstructure! !ata on a !is'. 6. :igh le%el $3= facilities& "hich free a process from the lo"8le%el !etails of interrupt han!ling. b4 Discus importance of %irtual memory. The term G%irtual memoryG refers to space allocate! on a har! !ri%e "here !ata can be store! for rapi! access. Hirtual memory is slo"er than soli!8state memory chips so it is typically use! as bac'up memory in certain situations. Multitas'ing =ne important use of %irtual memory is multitas'ing. +hen a computer user opens multiple programs at once& the !ata for these programs must be store! in memory for #uic' access. The more programs are open& the more memory is nee!e!. +hen the computerIs physical memory is full& the e-cess !ata is store! in %irtual memory. 0arge 5rograms $n a!!ition to multitas'ing& %irtual memory allo"s programmers to create larger an! more comple- applications. +hen these programs are running& they occupy physical memory as "ell as %irtual memory
En! of assignment
5age 6 of 6