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g
gas/vapour dynamic viscosity (Ns/m
2
)
f
liquid dynamic viscosity (Ns/m
2
)
liquid surface tension (N/m)
superficial vapour velocity (dimensionless)
correlating parameter
H
heat of formation in consistent units
P
S
relief device set pressure minus back pressure (N/m
2
abs)
P
I
inlet pipe pressure drop (N/m
2
abs)
P
O
outlet pipe pressure drop (N/m
2
abs)
(dT/dt) adiabatic temperature rise (K/s)
(dP/dt)
e
peak rate of pressure rise in experimental calorimeter (N/m
2
s)
(dT/dt)
s
temperature rise at set pressure (K/s)
(dT/dt)
m
temperature rise at maximum design overpressure (K/s)
Subscripts
This is not a comprehensive list but is included for clarification only
0 condition at initial or stagnation
1 condition at inlet
2 two phase condition
21 two phase condition at inlet
R relief condition
f liquid
g gas or vapour
Emergency Relief System (ERS)
Sizing Software Methods and Practice
P & I Design Ltd MNL043A 04/04
2 Reed Street, Thornaby, UK, TS17 7AF PAGE 28 OF 28
Tel: + 44 (0)1642 617444
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FIGURE 1
ERS SIZING STRATEGY
H
VOLATILE
(4)
TYPE
OF
PROCESS
LEUNGS
METHOD
DIERS VI-A7
HSE 6.3.2
PEAK GAS
EVOLUTION
HSE 7.3
HSE A5.10
LEUNGS
METHOD
DIERS VI-A7
HSE 8.3
CRITICAL SUBCRITICAL
P
Pout Pc
FLOW TEST
API 520
3.6.1
AREA from
API 520
3.6.2
4.25
AREA from
API 520
3.6.3
4.29
NON FLASHING LIQUID
GAS or VAPOUR
AREA from
API 520
3.7
4.31
PHASE
TYPE
STEAM
TWO PHASE
GAS LIQUID
SINGLE PHASE
2PH
CONDITION
TEST
I-B7
VESSEL
MODEL
I-A2
CHURN TURBULENT
H
BUBBLY
EQUILIBRIUM
-RATE
ERM
DIERS 3.2.1.2
HENRY-FAUSKES HNE
HOMOGENEOUS
NON-EQUILIBRIUM
3.2.1.1 & HSE A5.3
PROCESS
EXTERNAL
HEAT
W
RELIEF
FLOW
II-3
H
ASME VIII
CAPACITY
CERTIFY
AREA from
API 520
3.8.2
4.23
AREA from
API 520
3.8.1
4.22
VOLATILE
(4)
G
FLOW
MODEL
I-A3
OMEGA
METHOD
LEUNGS
METHOD
HEM
HSE 6.3.2
OMEGA
METHOD
HEM
HSE A8.4
OMEGA
METHOD
HEM
TEMPERED
HYBRID
(2)
LEUNGS
METHOD
HEM
CALCULATE
FLOWING
QUALITY X
DIERS I-C2
AREA from
FLOW W
MASS FLUX G
A=W/G
CONDITION
STORAGE
TANKS
VAC to 15PSI
API 2000
PROCESS
TANKS
>15 PSI
API 520
OSHA 1910.106
NFPA 30
MODIFIED
LEUNGS
METHOD
HSE A5.7
PROCESS WITH
EXTERNAL HEAT
TEMPERED
TEMPERED
ERS
SIZING
STRATEGY
FIGURE 1
PID/JEE/02
NOTES
(1) HEM vessel
model 2PH flow same
vessel void fraction
(X=m/V)
(2) Untempered hybrid
refer HSE A6.2.2
(3) All gassy reactions
are untempered. Single
phase refer HSE
A6.2.2
(4) Tempered single
phase systems refer
HSE A6.2.1
(5) See Technical
Paper references 1&2
TEMPERED
HYBRID
(2)
N
o
GASSY
(3)
HEM
(1)
Note
(5)
NONE
Pout > Pc
GASSY