Committee on Energy

An Insight to Energy Crisis Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf Insaf Research Wing Central Secretariat Street No. 84, Sector G-6/4, Islamabad, Pakistan Tel: 92-51-2270744 Fax: 92-51-2873893 irw@insaf.pk

An Insight to Energy Crisis

A critical review of energy sector problems and its solutions

21 February, 2012 Author: Zaid Khan Committee: Energy Dossier # 001 Version # 001 Nature of Document: Policy

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Committee on Energy

An Insight to Energy Crisis

Table of Contents
Executive Summary Acknowledgements 1.0 Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Background 1.2 Aim and Objectives 2.0 Chapter 2: Sources of Electricity 2.1 World Electricity Generation 2.2 Sources of Electricity in Pakistan 2.3 Distribution losses in Electricity 2.4 Efficiency Losses 2.5 Circular Debt 3.0 Chapter 3: Gas & LNG 3.1 Gas Exploration and Imports 3.2 Gas Theft & Leakage 3 4

6 7

7 8 8 8 9

9 9

4.0 Chapter 4: Other Projects, Regulatory Bodies & Investment Options 4.1 Thar Coal Project 10 4.2 Alternative Energy Resources 10 4.3 Role of Regulatory Bodies (Ogra & Nepra) 10 4.4 Investment Options 5.0 Chapter 5: Recommendations 5.1 Short Term Recommendations 5.2 Medium Term Recommendations 5.3 Long Term Recommendations References

11 11-12 12 13

Annexure A & B

14-15

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Committee on Energy

An Insight to Energy Crisis

Executive Summary This paper gives a brief knowledge about Pakistan potential in hydro, coal, gas, oil and alternative energy sources. During the current meltdown of Pakistans economy, it is vital to meet energy requirement. This could only be achieved if cheap and sustainable energy is provided to match our neighbouring countries economies and other emerging economies. Incompetency, mismanagement, cronyism, vested interest of elite has bankrupted economy and it is vital to make tough and crucial decision to save future generations. The problem mainly consists of four major parts; firstly dishonest & incompetent management, secondly theft and inefficiencies, thirdly delaying or non-implementation of major projects like gas & oil exploration especially large dams, fourthly and finally reliance on oil & misuse of gas resources through CNG. Pakistan has to deal with its energy mix which currently and needs to shift the balance from Oil (35% to 20%) to Coal (6% to 20%) and hydel share needs to go up from 12.5% to 20% in next five years. Gas demand & supply also needs to be met through local increase in production along with effective planning of LNG imports.

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Committee on Energy Acknowledgements

An Insight to Energy Crisis

Parents are always a great source of inspiration and I am always thankful to them to educate and groom me in way that we think on bigger level to contribute for welfare of humanity. A very special thanks to Mr Munawar Baseer Ahmed, former MD PEPCO & SSGC who provide great help in electricity and gas insight to energy crisis. He has a major contribution for recommendation section as it would not have been possible for me to give these recommendations without his help. Mr Arshad Hussain Abbasi who is advisor in Water & Renewable Energy at SDPI also provided very authentic knowledge about different dams and Pakistan potential. I would also like to express my gratitude to Mr Asim Khan President London who introduced me to this platform, Mr Taimoor Zaman who is coordinator of our energy team and very special thanks to Mr Asad Mehmood who is always helpful to facilitate and encourage members in our Insaf Research Wing (IRW).

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Committee on Energy

An Insight to Energy Crisis

PTI has an overall/central Think Tank, this has a convener, Mr Feroz Khan. There are four other Think Tank so far, namely in Islamabad, Karachi, Lahore and Insaf/International Research Wing (IRW). IRW has an active Primary Research Unit (PRU) operating in Pakistan. We have identified various areas of focus for example, how do we protect our sovereignty from External Threats or how do we strengthen our Federation, Economic Development, Social Development, Improved Governance and Electoral reforms etc. The IRW structure is divided, so far, into 23 different programs which include Eco & Finance health, education, foreign affairs, energy, and other vital areas. IRW was created in 2009 to carry out research in order to find solutions for problems in Pakistan. The foremost goal of IRW is to keep people of Pakistan and PTI informed and prepared. The research reports/papers are either commissioned by the central executive committee of PTI or committee members of IRW. PTI members can also suggest IRW to consider researching on a matter they find important. IRW welcomes any contributions in the form of scholarly work addressing important issues. Nevertheless, after the author(s) sends the document it is peer reviewed before getting published. In the process of peer review the document is technically analyzed and scrutinized. The procedure is necessary to maintain quality control. However, varying opinions & ideas are not penalized. Apart from working on research reports/papers which shed light on problems and provide basic solutions, IRW aims to act as a conduit to the shadow cabinet and/or spokespersons aiding them with the task of preparing extensive policies for PTI. These inputs are from several professionals who are well versed in the subject. IRW also serves as a check on the reigning governments policies. The Wing does not follow a preset ideology while carrying out research. IRW does not endorse any opinion presented in a published report/paper as an official position. Likewise, several research reports/paper on a similar subject published by IRW can have contradictory recommendations though it should be noted that these point of views are sole responsibility of the author(s). Very rarely when there is a complete consensus on a certain research report/paper within IRW only then it is recommended to PTI for official perusal. Any published document by the wing does not constitute it as an official position of PTI unless otherwise stated. Insaf Research Wing works at a national level but its members are located throughout the world bringing in the much needed international experience. IRW practices an open membership policy valid for all Pakistanis regardless of religion or race. Nevertheless, members of other nationalities from international organizations interested in helping Pakistan are always welcome to join IRW. Published reports of IRW can be accessed on the website. The headquarter of IRW is located at PTIs Central Secretariat, Street No. 84, Sector G-6/4, Islamabad, Pakistan. Copyright 2012 by Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf All rights reserved. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5 Insaf Research Wing

Committee on Energy Chapter One 1.1 Background

An Insight to Energy Crisis has not been tackled the flight of capital and collapse of economy inescapable. Pakistan has been blessed with ample water resources but could store only 13% of the annual flow of its rivers. The storage is fast depleting due to sedimentation. In contrast US have developed 497% storage capacity of annual flow of River Colorado; Egypt possesses 281% of River Nile and India 35% on Sutlej-Bias Basin. All these statistics warrant construction of number of reservoirs to enhance availability of water which stands at 1070 cubic meter per capita. Anything below 1000 cubic meter will lead to a crisis situation. Interestingly, there is some controversy among proven reserves of coal in Pakistan. Some experts say that we have 2nd largest reserves while other claim to be the 5th largest. However, Pakistan stand on 19th position on world coal proven reserves with 0.3 of total share1. Similarly, 28th largest gas reserves according to World Fact Book2. Ironically the country with so much potential is running short of its energy demands. In the overall energy mix, the share of coal power is only 7% as compared to world average of 40%. Coal is the main source for producing cheaper electricity and the Government needs to enhance the share of coal in the overall energy mix of up to 18% in 2025. In this paper we would discuss the whole energy mix which consists of oil, gas, electricity, coal and alternative resources available to Pakistan. The paper would also discuss current shortages in energy sector including electricity & gas and available solutions for short, medium and long term solutions to put Pakistan economy on track.

Pakistan has been suffering from acute shortage of energy due to inability of political governments, incompetent institutions, deteriorated law & order in the country and absence of level playing field for foreign & local investors, and improper decision making. Since independence, Pakistan has only built 13 dams while India has built more than 1500 dams. Similarly China has built 80,000 dams out of which 20,000 dams are relatively large dams including world biggest hydro dam known as Three Gorgeous Dam (capacity of 22,500 MW). Pakistan has a potential of above 100,000 MW 100,000 MW with identified sites of 59000 MW including 44334 MW on Indus River alone but due to infighting among various political parties, corruption, and manipulation of bureaucracy nothing has been done in this regard. As a result, the whole economy is suffering either its domestic life, industry, commercial, exports and local businesses. Since, the problem has not been addressed at right stage it is becoming very challenging for any government to meet the energy demands in near future. From last decade we were suffering from electricity shortfall but due to wrong policies we are now struggling for gas shortages as well. It is mockery of our policy makers that install capacity of electricity is around 21,036 MW but due to circular debt, line losses and theft we are unable to generate electricity. As a result continuous load shedding, and unscheduled power outages are everyday story for all segments of Pakistan. At one end it is very irritating for a common man as it totally disrupts life cycle and at the other end our economy is suffering a huge loss. Many economic experts believe we are losing around 2-3% of GDP every year due to this energy crisis and if the problem

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Committee on Energy 1.2 Aims & Objectives This paper has been created to identify the problem areas in the energy crisis, Pakistan potential in different areas, providing doable solutions for short, medium and long term roadmap to meet Pakistan Future energy requirements. Chapter Two Sources of Electricity Main sources of electricity are: Coal, Gas, Hydro Oil Nuclear Others (Alternative energy) 2.1 World Electricity Generation

An Insight to Energy Crisis Coal & Electricity

Total World Electricity Generation by Fuel (2006)

Source: IEA 2008 *Other includes solar, wind, combustible renewables, geothermal & waste

There are many sources of electricity generation in the modern age where coal provides 41% of world electricity. Others sources include gas 20%, hydro 16%, nuclear 15%, Oil 6%, and others 2% which includes solar, wind, combustible renewable, geothermal & waste3.

Coal in Electricity Generation

South Africa 93% Australia 77% Israel 63% Greece 52% Poland 92% Kazakhstan 70% Czech Rep 60% USA 49% PR China 79% India 69% Morocco 55% Germany 46%

Modern life is out of oxygen without electricity. It lights houses, buildings, streets, provides domestic and industrial heat, and powers most equipment used in homes, offices and machinery in factories. Improving access to electricity worldwide is vital to alleviating poverty. Coal plays a vital role in electricity generation worldwide. Coal-fired power plants currently fuel 41% of global electricity. In some countries, coal fuels a higher percentage of electricity.

Ironically Pakistans energy supply currently comes primarily from indigenous natural gas which is 45% of the energy mix and oil imports at 35% of the energy mix, with the balance from hydel at 12%, coal at 6% and nuclear at 2% of the mix respectively while having such massive deposit of coal. Even the advanced economies which have been mentioned above like US, China, Germany etc are heavily relying on Coal.

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Committee on Energy

An Insight to Energy Crisis

WAPDA is producing this Hydropower @ Rs.1.06 per unit as compared to Rs.9.07 per unit of Thermal Power being produced by IPPs and Rs.14.74 of thermal power produced by Rental Power. The demand of power is currently about 20,000 MW which will rise to 36,000 MW in the year 2015. WAPDA has added 72 MW to the system in 2010 whereas it will add 1556.76 MW when Duber Khwar HPP (130 MW), Allai Khwar (121 MW), Jinnah HPP (96 MW), Gomal Zam Dam (17.4 MW), Satpara Dam (17.36 MW), Rehabilitation of Tarbela (100 MW) will produce power within 2012. 2.3 2.2 Sources of Electricity in Pakistan Distribution losses in Electricity

Pakistan has 13 hydro power plants which are vital for countrys energy requirement and as well as water reservoirs for our agriculture. The electricity produced from these dams varies different part of years which varies from 6500 to 2300 in summer and winter respectively. Hydro electricity is still the cheapest source of electricity in Pakistan with a total capacity of 21,036. Out of that 6,516 MW is produced through Hydropower, 3,580 MW by Government (GENCOs), 8,295 MW by Independent Private Power Producers (IPPs) and 594 MW through Private Rental.
16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Hydropower IPPs RPPs 1.06 9.07 14.74

PEPCO has line losses of 26% while, National Electric Power Regulatory Authority (NEPRA) allowed the line losses upto 16%. Some Distribution Companies like Hyderabad Electric Supply Company, Peshawar Electric Supply Company, Quetta Electric Supply Company and Multan Electric Supply Company collectively losing worth of Rs 90 Billion in distribution system. The most efficient of all is Islamabad Electric Supply Company with 8% distribution losses. The loss due to poor maintenance of Wapda power generation is around 6 Billion due to inefficiencies. Similarly, National Transmission and Despatch Company (NTDC) is losing power worth Rs 6 Billion annually in transmission, more than the normal standards4. 2.4 Efficiency Losses

Three major thermal companies in Muzaffargarh, Guddu and Jamshoro, with a combined installed capacity of 2800 MW can hardly produce 1700MW and that too at an output efficiency of only 25%5.

Unit Cost of Different Sources of Energy ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8 Insaf Research Wing

Committee on Energy 2.5 Circular Debt

An Insight to Energy Crisis textile which alone in last FY 2010-11 produced 60% of exports. 3.1 Gas Exploration and Imports (LNG)

Wapda has install capacity of above 22500 MW, but due to gap in pricing it is unable to produce the electricity. Few years ago, the Wapda was producing electricity from hydel and gas plants and some from furnace oil. But due to mushroom growth of CNG demand of gas has soared while new reserves have not been discovered. As a result it has become impossible to provide gas to power sector which in turn provide either expensive electricity or forced to stay idle rather adding in circular debt. In fact gas reserves are not enough to meet industry requirement either. There is huge gap of 1000 1500 mcf per day which needs to be bridged as soon as possible; otherwise this will lead to economic meltdown. Already, major industries have been closed due to this energy crisis. The government and policy maker has to take tough decision and they have to prioritize between industry or CNG which many believe mostly owned by politicians. The current circular debt is around 600-700 Bn which is mostly consist of loan from local banks. Government is paying around Rs 40-50 Bn interest to banks. Chapter Three Gas & LNG Gas is one of the important energy sources in Pakistan. Pakistan is the world largest user of Gas in private and public transport with over 2.5 Million vehicles using the CNG as fuel. The gas was half of the price as compared to other sources of fuel like oil, so over few years, we have seen mushroom growth of CNG Stations throughout the country specially Punjab. Realizing the impact on our resources now government is trying to reduce the gap between gas and oil, but already government is unable to meet gas requirement of the industry. Many industries are being shut due to gas shortage specially

Pakistan has lot of potential in further gas & oil exploration. The world success of oil fields is 1 to 10 where as Pakistan has success to 3 to 10. The major hurdles are lack of vision, incompetence, low rate of drillings, demand of heavy commissions from bureaucracy, and absence of level playing field for investor and international companies. Pakistan was suffering from electricity shortages from a decade but now we are also confronted with gas shortages due to mushroom growth of CNG, depletion of our current gas reserves and poor planning of LNG imports. Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan and India (TAPI) gas pipeline and Iran, Pakistan and India Pipeline has been debated and written by many experts in print and electronic media and it will remain a dream. However, LNG can be materialized if we do it proper planning, fair tendering and make the right decision. Both Sui Southern Gas Company (SSGC) and Sui Northern Gas Pipeline Limited (SNGPL) were supposed to invest around $1.2 billion to $1.4 billion to create an additional capacity in their pipeline networks to transport imported LNG to the consumer, which to date they are unable to develop6. 3.2 Gas Theft & Leakage

Gas theft & leakage was under good control until 2003-2004 though it never has been to international standards. The international standard for theft known as unaccounted-forgas (UFG) is 1-3 percent whereas the benchmark in Pakistan has been set up at 7%. The two gas utilities, Sui Southern Gas Company (SSGC) had UFG level at 9.43 percent in 2010-11 compared to 7.09 percent in 2003-04 while Sui Northern Gas Pipeline

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Committee on Energy Limited (SNGPL) had UFG level at 11.21 percent in 2010-2011 compared to 6.75 percent seven years ago7. Some expert says that 500 million cubic feet of gas per day is stolen, leaked or illegally sold to enrich private pockets at public expense8. Chapter Four Other Projects, Regulatory Bodies & Investment Options 4.1 Thar Coal Project

An Insight to Energy Crisis government provides incentives to investors and manufacturers. Solar can replace our current UPS if government provides instalment facility to consumer. It will definitely reduce burden on grid. In spite of all the benefits, alternative energy cannot replace our base load which needs to come from hydel, gas, & coal plants in the long run.

4.3 Role of Regulatory Bodies (Ogra & Nepra) The role of Oil & Gas Regulatory Authority and National Electric Power Regulatory Authority has been inclined to business protection rather than consumer. Both authorities have failed to meet demand & supply of market and Pakistans economy is suffering badly due to demand & supply gap. There were many instances where public interests were not protected for instance Rental Power Projects (RPPs). They have also failed to create an unbiased image to attract local and foreign investment. Therefore, their role need to be revised linked with good rewards for achievers and punishments for failures. 4.4 Investment Options Donors like ADB, IMF, World Bank Private (local & foreign) Investment on small dams, wind, and energy projects Government Bonds and Wapda Bonds Advance bill option Agriculture tax on land using dam water Quantitative easing (Currency Printing)

The debate for Thar Coal for Pakistan energy requirement has been talk of town among different energy experts but we are yet to see its miracles. The Thar Coal can only meet Pakistan energy requirement if mining levels above 500 mty are achieved according to Munawar Baseer and Dr Farid Malik, one of leading energy experts. Once, it is achieved, Pakistan can fully meet its own energy requirements and also produce surplus energy but no detailed mining study or applications analysis on economic basis, or test pit pilot project has been undertaken, an acceptable bankable study has not been prepared to-date9. 4.2 Alternative Energy Resources

Wind and Solar energy has been much debated among different advocates. Alternative Energy Development Board ran a pilot project near Kalar Kahar but due to unknown reason the project did not go ahead. There are also numerous articles and reports about wind projects in Costal Areas of Pakistan like Gharo, Kati Bandar, Karachi, Hawksbay, and some areas in FATA as well. The energy tariffs awarded to 5 different IPPs in wind by NEPRA ranges from 10 cents to 16 cents which will further add up in over circular debt10. Pakistan gets a plenty of sunshine throughout the year but it is still not economical unless

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Committee on Energy Chapter Five Recommendations 5.1 Short Term (3-18 Months) Enable full fuel supplies to power plants to reduce power outages by about 25 to 30 percent (1500 MW 2000 MW) within 3 months. Fast Track Action to bring on-line stalled power projects to add 400 MW (Nandi Pur) in 6 months. Fast Track local gas production of 350 mmcfd in 6-9 months Facilitate local LPG production by 200 tons/day in three months from available capacity of processing rich gas, plus additional 300 tons in six to nine months from a new plant to reduce LPG shortage and lower prices. Discovered gas of 500 mmcfd needed to bring in supply pool ASAP which is held back for unknown reasons. Forceful and coercive actions to control theft and corruption in power and gas companies to save Rs. 15 to 20 billion per month and control circular debt. Recover lost capacity of 1000 MW of generation companies through emergency repairs, parts and rehab and reduce load shedding by 15 percent. The total customers for domestic, commercial, trade & industry, and agricultural are 23 million. Among them, 15.5 million are domestic users. Out of these 15.5 million domestic users, 5.7 million users are on 50 units usage tariff, and 4.6 are on 100 units usage tariff, causing a lot of theft. It needs to

An Insight to Energy Crisis be revised according to load management. Scrap of Rental Power Projects (RPPs) immediately and recovered the monies which has been given in advance to supply electricity. Phase out ACs which consumes more electricity and regulate manufacturer to only produce ACs with high efficiency & thermostat setting with range of (22-30). Use of Bicycle in government and private sector through media and public partnership awareness campaigns. Gas boiler needs to be replaced with efficient & standby operative facility as currently geyser or boiler who either run 24/7 or manually controlled to save energy.

5.2

Medium Term (2-5 Years) War footing completion of projects under development at Annexure A. 500 MW (Chicho Ki Malian) in 18 months and 400 MW (Guddu) addition in two years Facilitate LNG imports of 1000 mmcfd in 12-18 months with implementation of private sector LNG projects, as well as LNG to reduce gas load shedding by 70 percent. Smart prepaid/post-paid meters needs to be installed in higher theft areas in stages to reduce losses in PEPCO. Circular debt reduction by Rs. 250 billion by recovery/deduction at source of Rs. 100 billion from provincial governments, and

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Committee on Energy federal agencies and Rs. 150 billion from private sector. Energy mix needs to be shifted from POL to Hydel, Bio-Diesel, and Coal thus reducing burden on imports of oil which are around 12 Bn US$ every year. GENCOs efficiency enhancement through necessary repairs and rehabilitation. Theft control Independent firm hired and given share from theft recovery for gas & electricity.

An Insight to Energy Crisis oil exploration to in line with demand & supply requirement of market. Oil base loads needs to be reduced from 35% to single digit by 2025. Industry, Domestic, and commercial users needs to be educated towards energy efficient buildings, maximum utilization of sunlight during the day, and energy efficient home appliances by electronic and print media campaign. Energy Saving Targets needs to be set by public engagement through electronic & print media, school & university campaigns. Transport policy to save fuel and control of transport through taxation. Public transport needs to be improved and subsidized to discourage private transportation. Mass transit in big cities like Karachi, Lahore, Islamabad, Faisalabad, Peshawar, etc.

5.3 Long Term (5-10 Years) The launch of new power projects on fast track for 3,000 MW - 5000 MW. There is a discovery of 27 Billion Barrel in Pakistan, but only 3% has been utilized. More local oil needs to be refined and influence of cartels needs to be reduced. Thar Coal project needs to be expedited to add 3000-4000 MW in 4-5 years time. Meeting energy requirements by building dams (Annexure B), awarding new contracts to gas &

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Committee on Energy References 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

An Insight to Energy Crisis

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal Accessed January 2012 https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-worldfactbook/rankorder/2179rank.html accessed January 2012 http://www.worldcoal.org/coal/uses-of-coal/coal-electricity/ accessed January 2012 http://tribune.com.pk/story/326078/transmission-issues-power-companiesblamed-for-rs90b-electricity-losses/ accessed January 2012 http://www.dawn.com/2011/10/17/slow-progress-on-1bn-genco-plan-worriesadb.html accessed January 2012 http://tribune.com.pk/story/285815/fate-of-mashal-lng-project-unclear/ Accessed January 2012 http://tribune.com.pk/story/324213/ogra-likely-to-reject-high-ceiling-for-gastheft-leakage/ accessed January 2012 http://www.thenews.com.pk/TodaysPrintDetail.aspx?ID=85705&Cat=2 accessed January 2012 http://jang.com.pk/thenews/jan2012-weekly/moneymatters-16-012012/mm_p3.htm Accessed January 2012 http://jang.com.pk/thenews/nov2011-weekly/moneymatters -07-112011/mm_p8.htm

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Committee on Energy

An Insight to Energy Crisis Annexure A Hydropower Projects Under Implementation

Sr 1 2 3

Name of Project Mangla Dam Raising Gomal Zam Dam Satpara Dam

Location Mirpur, AJK FATA Gilgit Batistan

PC-I Cost (Rs Billion) 62.558 12.829 4.397

Gen Capty (MW) 644 17.4 15.8

Khan Khwar

Besham, KPK

5.363

72

Duber Khwar

Kohistan, KPK Battagram, KPK

9.754

130

Allai Khwar

8.578

121

7 8

Jinnah Jabban Rehabilitation

Jinnah Barrage Malakand, KPK

7.68 3.734

96 22

Donors/Lenders GOP Funding/ Wada Bonds GOP Funding/ Tariff Financing GOP funding IDB/Wapda Bond, Tariff financing IDB/Wapda Bond, Tariff financing IDB/Wapda Bond, Tariff financing Chinese Supplier's Credit/Tariff Fin afd France/Tariff Fin Surcharge/Middle East donors/CEXIM

Progress/ Completion Substantially completed 59% (Jan 2011) 87% (Oct 2010)

94% (Oct 2010)

74% (Jan 2011)

51% (Oct 2011)

94% (Jun 2011) 5% (June 2013)

Neelam Jhelum

AJK Total

130

969 2087.2

13% (Oct 2016)

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Committee on Energy

An Insight to Energy Crisis Annexure B

Hydropower Projects For Future Implementation up-till 2014

S# Project River Capacity (MW) 3600 4500 84 1410 740 Storage (MAF) 6.1 8.1 1.2 1.3 Estimated Cost (US$ Mn) 11178 700 826 1401 Earliest Project Initiation 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 Status

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Kalabagh Diamer Basha Gilgit Baltistan Kurram Tangi FATA/KPK Tarbela 4th Ext KPK Munda FATA/KPK Kohala AJK

Indus Indus Kurram Indus Swat

Ready for Construction Ready for Construction Ready for Construction Detailed engineering and design is under process Feasibility completed. RFP under issue for detailed engineering & design. Feasibility study, detailed engineering & design completed. LOI issued by PPIB. Feasibility study completed. Detailed engineering & design completed and under review by WAPDA experts Feasibility study completed. Selection of consultants for detailed engineering & design is under process. Projects for Public Private Partnership

6.

Jhelum

1100

RoR

2212

2012

7.

Bunji Gilgit Baltistan

Indus

7100

RoR

6800

2012

8.

Dasu KPK

Indus

4320

1.15

6000

2014

9.

Lower Spat Gah(496), Lower Palas Valley(665), Mahl(600) Total

1761

RoR

2011

24615

17.85

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