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Gasoline

Team 1 KSTN HD K54

Nguyn Duy Trung Phm Vn Cnh Trn Hu Minh

Gi xng VN 28/11/2013
Sn phm Vng 1 Vng 2

RON 95 RON 92

24.130 23.630

24.610 24100

Nh my ch bin Condensate Nam Vit (Sinpetrol)

A90-92-A95 2,5 triu tn (2010)

Nh my ch bin condensate Th Vi 340.000 tn/nm

NM Ch Bin Condensate Ct Li

4 triu tn (2013)

Nhu cu: 17 triu tn/nm (10/2013)

Nhp khu
Cng ty

Nhu cu: 17 triu tn/nm (10/2013) 9 triu m3 Nm 2013

Xng (nghn m3)

Petrolimex Saigon Petro

2540 255

PV Oil
Cng ty Thanh L Petimex

230
220 90
Ngun: VnEconomy

Contents
1

Gasoline Composition

Refining

Gasoline Blending and additives

Oxygenated Gasoline

Gasoline Specifications

Gasoline and Air Quality

5

LOGO

Gasoline Refining and Testing Oxygenated Gasoline

Nguyn Duy Trung
KSTN Ha Du K54
trungnd.pce@gmail.com

Composition
Gasoline : complex mixture of hundreds of hydrocarbons

Paraffins

Olefins

Aromatics

Naphthenes
7

Composition
Most Pravelent Size

C8 C5, C6
Average Size

C7.1 C6,9
8

Composition
End Point

210oC

IBP 40oC

Composition- Properties

10

Refining

Refining
Physical process Chemical Process

LPG
Gasoline Jet Diesel

Lubricant
Bitum, FO
11

12

Refining

Techology- Economic Required:

Upgrade light fraction : isomerization, alkylation, reforming Residue conversion: catalytic cracking, hydrocracking

13

Refining
Enviroment Required (gasoline):
Unleaded gasoline Higher ON Comp. CCR, FCC, alkylation Oxygenate

Restriction olefin, aromatic, sulfur

Hydrotreating HDS
14

Blending
FCC gasoline

Alkylate

Gasoline Product

Reformate

Isomate

15

Blending
Tnh cht; FCC naphta; API Aromatic%V 52.1 35.2 L.alkylate; H.alkylate; Reformate; Isomerate 72.3 0.5 55.8 1.0 44.2 61.2 83.8 1.6

Olefins
Saturates Benzene

32.6
32.2 1.06

0.2
99.3 0.00

0.9
95.1 0.01

1.0
37.9 1.17

0.1
98.3 0.00

RVP pal
RON MON Sulfur, ppm

4.3
93.2 81 321

4.6
93.2 91.2 1.5

0.3
65.9 74.5 1.5

3.2
98 86.7 0.9

8.0
80.6 78.0 1.0

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Blending
Gasoline Specs: ASTM D4814 Different Maketing localtion: # performance, specs.

Satisfy technology and economic requirement

17

Gasoline Additives
ppm
Additives

Additives

gasoline

gasoline

Gasoline

Gasoline

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Gasoline Additives
Demulsifier

Anti-icing

Metal Deactivator

Gasoline Additive

Corrosion Inhibitors

Antiknock

Antioxidants

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Gasoline Additives
AntiOxidants
Aromatic amines Phenol

Peroxide
Degrade Antiknock Pump wear Attack plastic fuel system

-C-C-C=CGasoline components

+ O2
Air

-C-O-O-C-

Gums
Peroxide

Soluble gums: engine deposits. Insoluble gums: plug fuel filters

18

Gasoline Additives
AntiOxidants
Phenol Aromatic amines

Naugalube FAO 30 98.5% 2,4-dimethyl-6-t-butylphenol

Naugalube 403 N,N-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylene diamine 19

Gasoline Additives
Corrosion Inhibitor
Carboxylates Phosphates Sufonates

CalcinateC-300R

DCI -6A, DCI-11

Zinc dithiophosphate

20

Gasoline Additives
Corrosion Inhibitor
Silver corrosion Inhibitor
Thiadiazole
1,3,4-thiadiazole

Corrosive
Trace of sulfur H2S Mercaptan

Silver in vehicle gauge sender

21

Gasoline Additives
Demulsifier
Polyglycol derivatives
Stable Mixture

Emulsion of Gasoline-water Gasoline/water

Centrifugal pump

22

Gasoline Additives
Demulsifier
Demulsifier NR-240

Oxirane

Polymer with Methyloxirane

2-Butenedioic acid (E)-

1,2,3-Propanetriol

23

Gasoline Additives
Anti-icing
Alcohols Glycols

Ice formation in Carburetor and fuel system

26

Gasoline Additives
Antiknock
Refining process
Increase the antiknock quality

Additives

27

Gasoline Additives
Antiknock
Additives

Lead alkyls: TEL, TML Manganese: MethyCyclopentadienyl Manganese Tricarbonyl (MMT) Iron (ferrocene) Oxygenated additives
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Oxygenated Gasoline
History
Gasohol: Widespread use of EtOH in U.S- 10%V
7%V MTBE and 15%V in 1988 Required gasoline in US to be oxygenated to reduce [CO]

1978 1979

1990s

2001

2004

MTBE

In US 58% blends : E10

29

Oxygenated Gasoline
Chemistry Oxygenated gasoline
Hydrocarbon-based gasoline

Oxygenates

Alcolhols

Ethers

30

Oxygenated Gasoline
Chemistry

31

Oxygenated Gasoline
Methanol and Ethanol

?
32

Europe (EN 228)

Brazil (ANP No.309)

Max = 25%V of Ethanol
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Specification
Gasoline
ASTM D4814

ASTM D4806:

Oxygenated Gasoline

Standard Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel

ASTM D5983:

Standard Specification for Methyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether (MTBE) for Downstream Blending for Use in Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel 34

Oxygenated Specification
Properties
Ethanol + Higher alcolhols %V (Min) Hydrocarbon/aliphatic ether, %V Vapor Pressure, kPa Lead content, mg/l (Max) Sulfur, mg/kg (Max)

Class 1A
79
17-21 38-59 2.6 210

Class 2
74
17-26 48-65 2.6 260

Class 3
70
17-30 66-83 3.9 300
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ASTM- D5798: 2009

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Gasoline Specification

38

Gasoline Specification
ASTM D4814

CGSB 3.5-2004 Canada

DS/EN 228 Denmark

JIS K 2202 Japan

BS EN 228 UK

CEN
DIN EN 228 Germany

NF EN 228 France

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Gasoline Specification
ASTM D4814
10 gasoline properties

30 ASTM

40

Gasoline Specification
ASTM D4814

Do not include antiknock index *

* Set by gasoline refiners and

marketer: based on their perception of the technical and competitive needs in the market. 41

Gasoline Specification
Property Standard test method

Vapor Pressure
Octane Number Distillation Profile API Gravity Oxidation Stability Sulfur Content

ASTM D323, ASTM D5190, ASTM D5191, ASTM D4953, ASTM D5482, ASTM D6378
ASTM D2699, ASTM D2700 ASTM D86 ASTM D1298, ASTM D4052 ASTM D525 ASTM D2166, ASTM D2622, ASTM D3120, ASTM D4045, ASTM D4294, ASTM D5453.
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Gasoline Specification
Property Standard test method

Lead Content Oxygenates Content

ASTM D3237, ASTM D5059, ASTM D ASTM D4815, ASTM D5599, ASTM D5845 ASTM D130 ASTM D4814
ASTM D4176- free water content.

Copper Strip Corrosion

Silver Strip Corrosion
Appearance

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Volatility
1. Vapor Pressure: The pressure exerted by the vapor when the vapor is in equilibrium with the liquid or solid. 2. Distillation Profile

Typical Distillation Profiles of Summer a

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3. Vapor Liquid ratio Temperature at which a gasoline forms a vapor-liquid ratio of 20 (V/L = 20): 35 600C 4. Vapor Lock Index VLI = 10(VP) + 7(E70) 5. Driveability Index DIC = 1.5(T10) + 3.0(T50) + (T90) + 1.33 (ethanol volume percent)

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Gasoline Specification

Unleaded gasoline TCVN 6776:2005

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Gasoline Specification

Unleaded gasoline TCVN 6776:2005

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Bng 1- Ch tiu cht lng ca xng E5 RON 92 Tn ch tiu Mc 1 Phng php th

STT

Tr s ctan theo phng php nghin cu (RON), min

Hm lng ch, g/L, max Thnh phn ct phn on: - im si u, oC, max - 10% th tch, oC, max - 50% th tch, oC, max - 90% th tch, oC, max - im si cui, oC, max - Cn cui, %th tch, max n mn mnh ng 50oC/3 gi, max Hm lng nha thc t ( ra dung mi), mg/100ml, max n nh oxy ha, pht, min

92

0,013

TCVN 2703 (ASTM D 2699) TCVN 7143 (ASTM D 3237) TCVN 6704 (ASTM D 5059)

Bo co 70 120 190 215 2,0 Loi 1 5 480

TCVN 2698 (ASTM D 86)

4 5 6

Hm lng lu hunh, mg/kg, max

500

TCVN 2694 (ASTM D 130) TCVN 6593 (ASTM D 381) TCVN 6778 : 2000 (ASTM D 525) TCVN 6701 (ASTM D 2622 - 05) TCVN 7760 (ASTM D 5453) TCVN 3172 49 (ASTM D 4294)

p sut hi (Reid) 37,8oC, KPa

43 - 75

Hm lng benzen, % th tch, max

2,5

10

Hydrocacbon thm, % th tch, max

40

TCVN 7023 (ASTM D 4953/ ASTM D 5191) TCVN 6703 (ASTM D 3606/ ASTM D 4420) TCVN 7330 (ASTM D1319) TCVN 3166 (ASTM D 5580) TCVN 7330 (ASTM D 1319/ASTM D 6296) TCVN 7332 (ASTM D 4815) TCVN 7332 (ASTM D 4815) TCVN 6594 (ASTM D 1298) /ASTM D 4052 TCVN 7331 (ASTM D 3831) TCVN 7759 (ASTM D 4176) TCVN 7332 (ASTM D 4185) TCVN 7332 (ASTM D 4185) TCVN 7759 (ASTM D 50 4176)

11

Olefin, % th tch, max

38

12 Hm lng oxy, % khi lng, max 13 Hm lng etanol, % th tch, max

2,7 4-5 Bo co

14 Khi lng ring ( 15oC), kg/m3 Hm lng kim loi (Fe, Mn), mg/L, max

15

5 Trong, khng c tp cht l lng Khng pht hin (<0,2) Khng pht hin (<0,2) t (khng c)

16

Ngoi quan

17 Hm lng hp cht Keton % th tch 18 Hm lng Metanol % th tch 19 Hm lng nc % th tch

Tiu chun xng cha etanol ca M

51

6. Volatility Specifications: ASTM D4814

ASTM D4814 Vapor Pressure and Distillation Class Requirements

52

EN 228 Volatility Class Requirements

53

Clip four stroke engine

54

ANTIKNOCK PERFORMANCE
Octane number Research octane number (RON) Motor octane number (MON)

Average Effect of Some Variables on Engine Octane Number Requirement

55

Factors Affecting Fuel Economy

Fuel Economy Reduction Estimates by Factor

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57

Q&A
58

ASTM ? Gii thch nt hi? Ma ng ? Why? Icing Cung cu 17 triu? Ph gia MTBE? Ti sao cm . Nhng thay i tnh cht. Ngoi MTBE? 2 dng xe? Yamaha- Honda? Kh khi ng. Gii php. Specs gasoline: cm quan EtOH- max VN 10%, pha thm? Ti sao xng VN-Nc ngoi chnh lch? Ko xut khu? (Cnh) : Nhn mnh chng kch n ? So snh vs khu vc. Gi c, cht lng nh gi xng pha: ph gia g axeton? EtOH? => Nhn dng ph gia.

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Answers
1. ASTM: American Society for Testing and Material 2. Nt hi: 3. S ng bng ma ng: + Khng kh: + Trong xng: + Bn thn xng: 4. Cm ph gia MTBE 5. nh gi xng pha: ph gia g axeton? => Nhn dng ph gia.

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