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HW II Power Control
(Algorithm & Parameters)
4/17/2009
Contents
1 Basic Principles of Huawei II Power Control Algorithm ...........................3
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5.1 1.5.2 1.6 Overview ................................................................................................3 MR Processing .......................................................................................3 Selection of Measurement Data .............................................................4 MR Interpolation ....................................................................................5 MR Compensation .................................................................................5 MR Discarding at the Initial Stage ......................................................... 7 MR Prediction and Filtering...................................................................7 Power Control Decision .........................................................................8
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Preprocess MR?
MR Preprocessing Transfer Original MR Transfer BS/MS Power Class Sent Freq of Preprocessed MR
NO
MR processing procedure
YES
NO
NO
End
YES
YES
MS power control
1.2 MR Processing
The MR processing is categorized into the following four parts: MR Compensation interpolation MR Compensation MR discarding at the initial stage Prediction MR filtering
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The processing of the MRs involves interpolation processing and filtering processing. The processing can be performed either on the BSC side or on the BTS side. In the BSC6000 LMT, set MR Preprocessing to Yes, then you can set the parameters Transfer Original MR, Transfer BS/MS Power Class, and Sent Freq of Preprocessed MR. These parameters specify the contents of the MRs to be provided and the period during which the MRs are provided. In this way, the signaling throughput on the Abis interface and the CPU usage of the BSC can be decreased. If the BTS reports the measurement result information, then the information is processed according to the interpolation and filtering procedures. If the BTS reports the processed measurement result information, then the information is directly used for handover decision. On receiving normal MRs, the BSC triggers power control. On receiving preprocessed MRs, the BTS triggers power control. The procedure of power control performed by the BTS is the same as that performed by the BSC.
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The following describes the enhanced measurement report (EMR). The protocol 44.018 clarifies the system message MI/2QUATER can determine the way the MS reports the information of the serving cell and neighboring cells: MR or EMR. EMR is a new type of MR that contains more measurement information. Compared with MR, the EMR has the following advantages: Because the MS obtains more information of neighboring cells, that is, Base Station Identity Codes (BSIC), the EMR can report more BSICs than MR. The EMR uses a new signal CODEC mode. For example, the BEP, a channel quality indicator, is added to the EMR. The BEP evaluates bursts one by one, and comprehensively reflects the C/I, signal delay extension, and terminal speed. Moreover, the BEP uses 5BIT CODEC mode (RXQUAL: 3BIT CODEC mode). Thus, the BEP is more accurate than BER (RXQUAL), especially when the radio signal is poor. Therefore, the BEP can improve the performances that depend on the radio signal quality algorithm. Huawei recommends that the BEP replace the algorithms that evaluate radio signal quality through RXQUAL, including the power control algorithm. The correctly received speech frames are added to the EMR. The speech frames can be used to calculate the Frame Error Rate (FER).The FER is used to measure the speech signal CODEC performance, but the RXQUAL is used to measure the radio signal. Therefore, a more accurate measurement result of the speech quality can be obtained through the FER instead of through the RXQUAL.
1.4 MR Interpolation
If the received MRs and those in the buffered queue are discontinuous, and the number of lost MRs does not exceed Allowed MR Number Lost, then the interpolation processing of the MRs should be introduced. The interpolation scheme applies to the following objects: Uplink TCHs of the serving cell, RXLEV, and RXQUAL Downlink TCHs of the serving cell, RXLEV, and RXQUAL Downlink transmit power of the serving cell: BSPw The Huawei II power control algorithm does not interpolate the uplink transmit power if the MSPwr measurement is lost and the MS power control command remains. The filtering of the MR, however, is still under processing.
1.5 MR Compensation
MR compensation refers to compensating the level carried in the MR to make the level equal the current transmit power. Every time the BSC receives an MR, the BSC puts the MR into the MR queue for future power control and handover. When the BSC starts a decision, the BSC evaluates the
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latest MRs. The latest MRs, however, are obtained with different transmit power. As a consequence, if you evaluate the receive level under the current transmit power through the MRs before power adjustment, errors definitely occur. To minimize the errors, you must compensate for the MRs before power adjustment. When the transmit power changes, compensate the receive level for history MRs (Taking into the delay of power adjustment into consideration, you can determine whether the transmit power is changed according to the real-time MRs), and set the parameter MR Compensation Allowed (the default value of this parameter is Yes). Because the MR compensation is good for correcting the MR errors, you are advised to set MR Compensation Allowed to Yes. MR compensation after power adjustment is a necessary preparation for predicting the MR accurately using the Huawei II power control algorithm.
The MR starts to report.
Preprocess MR or not?
YES
End
NO
NO
Is MR compensation allowed?
MR Compensation Allowed
YES
YES
MR interpolation processing
MR level compensation
MR prediction filtering
End
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No
Yes
Predict the MR queue that is interpolated and compensated Predict the MR queue that is interpolated but not compensated
No
UL MR. Number Predicted DL MR. Number Predicted AMR UL MR. Number Predicted AMR DL MR. Number Predicted
Yes
Level prediction filtering Average level filtering
MR processing End
The relevant parameters are UL MR. Number Predicted, DL MR. Number Predicted, AMR UL MR. Number Predicted, and AMR DL MR. Number Predicted. If these parameters are set to 0, you can infer that the function of MR filtering prediction is disabled.
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power control algorithm adopts specific power control strategies. In this way, the power control algorithm becomes effective and stable. When you calculate the adjusted power in a power adjustment period, perform the following steps: Adjust the power step based on the receive level Adjust the power step based on the receive quality Adjust the power step based on both the receive level and the receive quality The MR triggers the power control decision every 480 ms. Because of the delay of power control, the MR stops power control decision in the PC Interval after the power control command is issued. The UL PC Interval and DL PC Interval are set to the same value. The methods for calculating the UL power step and DL power step are the same. The following figure shows the flow chart of power control decision.
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Start
Processed MR UL RX_LEV Upper Threshold DL RX_LEV Upper Threshold UL RX_LEV Lower Threshold DL RX_LEV Lower Threshold MAX Down Adj. Value Qual. Zone 0 MAX Down Adj. Value Qual. Zone 1 MAX Down Adj. Value Qual. Zone 2 MAX Up Adj. PC Value by RX_LEV
Calculate power adjustment step based on both receive level and receive quality
UL Qual. Lower Threshold DL Qual. Lower Threshold MAX Up Adj. PC Value by Qual UL Qual. Bad Trig Threshold DL Qual. Bad Trig Threshold UL Qual. Bad UpLEVDiff DL Qual. Bad UpLEVDiff UL Qual. Upper Threshold DL Qual. Upper Threshold MAX Down Adj. PC Value by RX_LEV UL RX_LEV Upper Threshold DL RX_LEV Upper Threshold UL RX_LEV Lower Threshold DL RX_LEV Lower Threshold
Configuring PC Interval
The function of PC Interval is as follows: In a call procedure, the power control decision is prohibited within the PC Interval after the power control command is issued.
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adjust power control step. This aims to make the power adjustment more effective. The requirement for the target level specified by the Huawei II power control algorithm is as follows: Target value of level = UL/DL RX_LEV Upper Threshold + UL/DL RX_LEV Lower Threshold/2 1. When the RxLev after the prediction filtering processing is greater than the value of UL/DL RX_LEV Upper Threshold, the power is reduced; when the RxLev is smaller than the value of UL/DL RX_LEV Lower Threshold, the power is increased. Huawei recommends that the difference between the UL/DL RX_LEV Upper Threshold and the UL/DL RX_LEV Lower Threshold range from 6 dB to 10 dB. 2. Power adjustment step based on receive level = target value of level RxLev When the power adjustment step based on receive level is positive, the power is increased; when the power adjustment step based on receive level is negative, the power is decreased. When the power is increased, the power adjustment step based on receive level cannot exceed the value of MAX Up Adj. PC Value by RX_LEV (0 dB-32 dB).
1. If the power adjustment step based on receive level calculated through the Huawei II power control algorithm exceeds the value of MAX Up Adj. PC Value by RX_LEV, then set the power adjustment step based on receive level to the value of the MAX Up Adj. PC Value by RX_LEV. 2. The GSM protocol clarifies that the maximum power control step of the MS in an MR period is 16 dB. If the power adjustment step based on receive level exceeds 16 dB, it takes more than one MR period for the MS to perform power control. 3. When the RxLev ranges from UL/DL RX_LEV Lower Threshold to UL/DL RX_LEV Upper Threshold, the transmit power is not adjusted. 4. If the receive quality is poor, the level decrease adjustment becomes more sensitive. The Huawei II power control algorithm classifies three quality zones 1-2, and >=3 according to the receive quality (RQ after filtering). Each quality zone is configured with different values of MAX Down Adj. PC Value by RX_LEV. If the receive quality is good, the step is long; if the receive
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HW II Power control Algorithm and Parameters quality is poor, the step is short. Only when you decrease the power based on the level, the MAX Down Adj. PC Value of RQ Quality Zone takes effect. You are advised to set the MAX Down Adj. Value Qual.Zone 0 to 6 dB to 16 dB , MAX Down Adj.Value Qual.Zone 1 to 4 dB to 8 dB, and MAX Down Adj.Value Qual.Zone 2 to 2 dB to 4 dB. The power adjustment step based on receive level is calculated as follows: (1) When the power is increased, the power adjustment step based on receive level = min (|target value of levelRxLev |, MAX Up Adj. PC Value by RX_LEV) (2) When the power is decreased, the power adjustment step based on receive level = min (|target value of levelRxLev |, MAX Down Adj. PC Value of RQ Quality Zone)
1. Because uplink power control and downlink power control use the same algorithm, Huawei uses words Up and Down to indicate uplink and downlink in parameters. 2. The UL/DL RX_LEV Upper Threshold and the UL/DL RX_LEV Lower Threshold must be set correctly. If they are set to a very great values, the power control decision is not sensitive to the changes of receive level and the power adjustment step is very long; if they are set to very small values, the power control decision is over-sensitive to the changes of receive level. Thus, ping-pong power control may occur. This is not good for increasing transmit power when the receive quality is poor. The maximum power adjustment step of the quality zone must be set correctly. If the step is set to a very small value, the rapid power control is unavailable. If the step is set to a very great value, the step cannot be a reference for quality, and the effectiveness of power control is reduced. 3. In the Huawei II power control algorithm, the parameters related to AMR call are separated from the parameters related to common call. For details, refer to parameter descriptions and product manuals. 4. For details of parameters, refer to the GSM BSC6000 V900R008 Parameter Baseline.
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needs to be adjusted if the receive quality is beyond the dual-threshold. The impact of changing transmit level on receive quality cannot be predicted. Therefore, to ensure the stability of the Huawei II power control algorithm, avoid long steps when you adjust power. When you adjust power based on receive quality, use a fixed step. The parameter related to the step can be set. Increasing transmit power when the receive quality is bad When the RxQual after filtering processing is equal to or greater than the value of UL/DL Qual Lower Threshold, increase the transmit power by the step MAX Up Adj. PC Value by RX_LEV. The value of RxLev + MAX Up Adj. PC Value by RX_LEV cannot exceed that of UL/DL RX_LEV Upper Threshold. Otherwise, ping-pong power control may occur. To avoid the situation in which the power cannot be increased because of bad quality, UL/DL Qual. Bad Trig Threshold and UL/DL Qual. Bad UpLEVDiff are added to the Huawei II power control algorithm. When the RxQual is equal to or greater than the value of UL/DL Qual. Bad Trig Threshold , the UL/DL RX_LEV Upper Threshold must be offset upward by UL/DL Qual. Bad UpLEVDiff. Decreasing the transmit power when the receive quality is good When the RxQual after filtering processing is smaller than the value of UL/DL Qual Lower Threshold, decrease the transmit power by the step Max Up Adj. PC Value by RX_LEV. The value of RxLevMAX Down Adj. PC Value by RX_LEV cannot be smaller than that of UL/DL RX_LEV Lower Threshold . Otherwise, ping-pong power control may occur. According to the Huawei power control algorithm RxLevMAX Down Adj. PC Value by RX_LEV is smaller than that of the UL/DL RX_LEV Lower Threshold, the transmit power is not decreased.
Adjusting the Power Step Based on both the Receive Level and the Receive Quality The Huawei power control algorithm AdjStep_Lev based on both the receive level and the receive quality. In this way, the adjustment requirement is met and the stability of the power control algorithm is ensured. Over-adjustment is avoided and ping-pong
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adjustment is prohibited. The following table describes the power adjustment step AdjStep and the power adjustment direction (positive or negative). Power adjustment
Receive Quality
Receive Quality
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DL PC Allowed
Description: This parameter specifies whether the power adjustment on the BTS is allowed. Value range: Yes, No Unit: None Default value: Yes Recommended value: Yes Configuration policy: None Relevant algorithm: Huawei II power control algorithm
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Default value: Huawei II Power Control Recommended value: None Configuration policy: None Relevant algorithm: Huawei II power control algorithm
PC Interval
Description: This parameter specifies the minimum time interval between two continuous power control commands. Value range: 015 Unit: measurement report period Default value: 3 Recommended value: None Configuration policy: If the value of this parameter is very great, the power control may be delayed. If the value of this parameter is very small, the power control may be performed frequently, thus wasting the resources. Relevant algorithm: Huawei II power control algorithm
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the average of the downlink signal quality is taken before BTS power adjustment. Value range: 020 Unit: None Default value: 6 Recommended value: None Configuration policy: On receiving some consecutive measurement reports, the network calculates the average value of the downlink signal quality. This average value indicates the radio environment of the MS. When you configure this parameter, you must consider the delay and accuracy of the average value caused by the number of measurement reports. Relevant algorithm: Huawei II power control algorithm
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Value range: 03 Unit: None Default value: 0 Recommended value : None Configuration policy: In the Huawei II power control algorithm, the average filter value in the history measurement report is not used for power control decision. Instead, the prediction function is applied in the filter to compensate the delay of power adjustment. Relevant algorithm: Huawei II power control algorithm
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the signal level is below this threshold, calculate an increased value (= (AMR UL RX_LEV Upper Threshold + AMR UL RX_LEV Lower Threshold)/2 Received Level). Compare the increased value, MAX Up Adj . PC Value by RX_LEV, and MAX Up Adj.C Value by Qual. Set the power adjustment step of the MS to the minimum value of the three parameters. Value range: 063 (corresponding to 110 dBm to 47 dBm) Unit: None Default value: 30 Recommended value: None Configuration policy: If the value of this parameter is very high, the uplink level becomes high without power control. Therefore, the battery life is reduced and network interference is caused. If the value of this parameter is medium, the uplink level becomes low, and call drops may easily occur. Relevant algorithm: Huawei II power control algorithm
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Unit: None Default value: 20 Recommended value : Configuration policy: None Relevant algorithm: Huawei II power control algorithm
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performed if the signal level is between the upper threshold and the lower threshold. Power control is performed only when the signal level exceeds the upper threshold or is below the lower threshold. This parameter specifies the upper threshold of the downlink signal for power control. If the signal level exceeds this threshold, calculate a decreased value (= receive level - (AMR UL RX_LEV Upper Threshold + AMR UL RX_LEV Lower Threshold)/2). Along with MAX Down Adj. Value Qual. Zone 0 , MAX Down Adj. Value Qual. Zone 1, MAX Down Adj. Value Qual. Zone 2, and MAX Down Adj. PC Value by Qual, This parameter specifies the step adjusted by power control (minimum value). Value range: 063 (corresponding to 110 dBm to 47 dBm) Unit: None Default value: 35 Recommended value: None Configuration policy: If the value of this parameter is very great, the downlink level becomes high without power control. If the value of this parameter is very small, the downlink level becomes low, and call drops may easily occur. Relevant algorithm: Huawei II power control algorithm
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of the three parameters. Value range: 063 (corresponding to 110 dBm to 47 dBm) Unit: None Default value: 25 Recommended value: Configuration policy: None Relevant algorithm: Huawei II power control algorithm
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When downward power adjustment is performed based on the level, the maximum permissible down adjustment step differs based on the receive quality. If the value of this parameter is set to a smaller value, the algorithm cannot realize fast power control. If the value of this parameter is set to a greater value, the effectiveness of power control cannot be guaranteed. This parameter determines the maximum permissible down adjustment step when RQ is 0. Value range: 030 Unit: dB Default value: 4 Recommended value: None Configuration policy: None Relevant algorithm: Huawei II power control algorithm
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Level 5: BER ranges from 3.2% to 6.4% Level 6: BER ranges from 6.4% to 12.8% Level 7: BER greater than 12.8% Value range: 07 Unit: None Default value: 5 Recommended value: None Configuration policy: None Relevant algorithm: Huawei II power control algorithm
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Level 4: BER ranges from 1.6% to 3.2% Level 5: BER ranges from 3.2% to 6.4% Level 6: BER ranges from 6.4% to 12.8% Level 7: BER greater than 12.8% Value range: 07 Unit: None Default value: 5 Recommended value: None Configuration policy: None Relevant algorithm: Huawei II power control algorithm
BTS PC Class
Description: This parameter determines the maximum range of dynamic power adjustment for the BTS. Value range: 116 (corresponding to 0 dB to 30 dB) Unit: level (each level correspond to 2 dB) Default value: 16 Recommended value: None Configuration policy: If the value of this parameter is medium, the dynamic power
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adjustment capability of the BTS is lowered. Relevant algorithm: Huawei II power control algorithm
AMR PC Interval
Description: This parameter determines the minimum time interval between two continuous AMR power control commands. Value range: 015 Unit: measurement report period Default value: 3 Recommended value: None Configuration policy: If the value of this parameter is very great, the power control may be delayed. If the value of this parameter is very small, the power control may be performed frequently, thus wasting the resources. Relevant algorithm: Huawei II power control algorithm
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Power control is performed only when the signal level exceeds the upper threshold or is below the lower threshold. This parameter determines the lower threshold of the uplink signal for power control. If the signal level is below this threshold, calculate an increased value (= (AMR UL RX_LEV Upper Threshold + AMR UL RX_LEV Lower Threshold)/2 Received Level). Compare the increased value, MAX Up Adj . PC Value by RX_LEV , and MAX Up Adj.C Value by Qual. Set the power adjustment step of the MS to the minimum value of the three parameters. Value range : 063 (corresponding to 110 dBm to 47 dBm) Unit: None Default value: 30 Recommended value: None Configuration policy: If the value of this parameter is very high, the uplink level becomes high without power control. Therefore, the battery life is reduced and network interference is caused. If the value of this parameter is medium, the uplink level becomes low, and call drops may easily occur. Relevant algorithm: Huawei II power control algorithm
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Qual. Zone 1, AMR MAX Down Adj. Value Qual. Zone 2, and AMR MAX Down Adj. PC Value by Qual, this parameter determines the step adjusted by power control (minimum value). Value range: 063 (corresponding to 110 dBm to 47 dBm) Unit: None Default value: 20 Recommended value: None Configuration policy: None Relevant algorithm: Huawei II power control algorithm
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Configuration policy: If the value of this parameter is medium, the quality is good without power control. Therefore, the battery life is reduced and network interference is caused. If the value of this parameter is very high, the quality is poor without power control. Therefore, the conversation quality is degraded. Relevant algorithm: Huawei II power control algorithm
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is below the lower threshold. This parameter determines the lower threshold of the downlink signal for AMR power control. If the signal level exceeds this threshold, calculate an increased value (= (MR UL RX_LEV Upper Threshold + AMR UL RX_LEV Lower Threshold)/2 receive level). Compare the increased value, MAX Up Adj . PC Value by RX_LEV , and MAX Up Adj.C Value by Qual. Set the power adjustment step of the MS to the minimum value of the three parameters. Value range: 063 (corresponding to 110 dBm to 47 dBm) Unit: None Default value: 25 Recommended value: None Configuration policy: None Relevant algorithm: Huawei II power control algorithm
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Level 7: BER greater than 12.8% Value range: 07 Unit: None Default value: 1 Recommended value: None Configuration policy: None Relevant algorithm: Huawei II power control algorithm
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this parameter is medium, the quality is good without power control. Therefore, the battery life is reduced. Relevant algorithm: Huawei II power control algorithm
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power control cannot be guaranteed. This parameter determines the maximum permissible down adjustment step when RQ is 1. Value range: 030 Unit: dB Default value: 4 Recommended value: None Configuration policy: None Relevant algorithm: Huawei II power control algorithm
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step based on the receive quality. Value range: 04 Unit: dB Default value: 4 Recommended value: None Configuration policy: None Relevant algorithm: Huawei II power control algorithm
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or equal to the value of this parameter, the value of AMR UL RX_LEV Upper Threshold contains the value of AMR UL Qual Bad Up LEVDiff in the data configuration. This parameter further improves the expected level value of uplink power control. Level 0: BER smaller than 0.2% Level 1: BER ranges from 0.2% to 0.4% Level 2: BER ranges from 0.4% to 0.8% Level 3: BER ranges from 0.8% to 1.6% Level 4: BER ranges from 1.6% to 3.2% Level 5: BER ranges from 3.2% to 6.4% Level 6: BER ranges from 6.4% to 12.8% Level 7: BER greater than 12.8% Value range: 07 Unit: None Default value: 5 Recommended value: None Configuration policy: None Relevant algorithm: Huawei II power control algorithm
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