Reuse of Marble Dust as Fine Aggregate in Ultra High Performance Concrete

By Amar Sharma, Gazala Habib, Vasant Matsagar

Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, India Monday, October 7th, 2013 ISWA World Congress, Vienna, Austria Paper No. 4

INTRODUCTION
India is among the top world exporters of marble stone. The Indian marble industry has been growing steadily at an annual rate of around 10% per year. Cutting of stones produces heat, slurry, rock fragments and dust. 20 to 30% of marble blocks are converted in to powder. 3,172 thousand tons of marble dust was produced in year 2009-10.

Introduction

Materials and Methods

Results and Discussion

Conclusion

Marble Production in India

14000 12000

Production (Tons/year)

10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10

Year

Introduction

Materials and Methods

Results and Discussion

Conclusion

Marble Product and Waste ( % of mined out)

15%

5% 30%
Net Marble gained Quarrying Waste Processing Waste

50%

Polishing Waste

Introduction

Materials and Methods

Results and Discussion

Conclusion

Environmental Impact of Waste

Topographic alteration (Bhadra et al., 2007) Land occupation (Bdour, 2011) Surface and ground water contamination Air pollution (Hwang et al., 2003) and Visual pollution (Montano et al., 2003).

Human Health Impact of Waste

Marble

dust causes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - silicosis to the surrounding community (Aukour 2008; Bapna 2010; Shah 2011).
Introduction Materials and Methods Results and Discussion Conclusion

METHODOLOGY
Marble waste characterization:
Tests for Physical Properties Specific Gravity and Water Absorption (ASTM C - 128) Grain Size Analysis (ASTM C - 117) Fineness (ASTM C - 204) B. Test for Chemical Analysis (ASTM C - 1271) C. Test for Thermal Analysis (ASTM D - 7348) A.

Properties of control concrete and concrete with marble dust:

A. B. C. D. Workability- Slump test (ASTM C - 1437) Compressive Strength Test (ASTM C - 109) Flexural-Strength Test (ASTM C - 78) Splitting Tensile Strength Test (ASTM C - 496)

Introduction

Materials and Methods

Results and Discussion

Conclusion

Experimental Matrix Design

Tests for Fresh Required % of Marble No. of and Hardened Strength Dust Experiments UHPC Workability Compressive 3 for each grade 100 MPa 5%, 10% and Strength of concrete and 15% Flexural Strength % of marble dust Splitting Tensile Strength
All specimen have been tested for 28 days strength. Marble dust samples were collected from major production centers of Rajasthan (Western India).

Introduction

Materials and Methods

Results and Discussion

Conclusion

Concrete Mix Proportions for Control Concrete and Concrete with Marble Dust
Marble Dust (% by mass) 0 5 10 15 Cement (kg/m3) 1087 1087 1087 1087 Sand (kg/m3) 652.0 619.4 586.8 554.2 Silica Fume (kg/m3) 163 163 163 163 Superplasticizer (kg/m3) 46.0 46.0 46.0 46.0 Water (kg/m3) 250 250 250 250 Marble Dust (kg/m3) 32.6 65.2 97.8

Workability of Fresh Concrete

(Mortar flow table test) Marble Dust (%) % of original base diameter
Introduction

0 130
Materials and Methods

5 122
Results and Discussion

10 118
Conclusion

15 115

RESULTS & DISCUSSION

Physical and chemical properties of marble dust samples
Properties Specific gravity Water absorption (% by mass) Grain size (% passing) 150 micron 75 micron 38 micron Fineness modulus Surface area (m2 /kg) blaine Loss on ignition Chlorine (% by mass) Oxide composition (% by mass) CaO MgO SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 TiO2 Na2O K2O SO3 Avg. Values of Samples 2.80.069 14.282.369 Values in Literature for Marble Dust 2.7 0.07a-h 27.2 11.0a,b,d,g,i-k Values in Literature for Sand 2.70.1s,t,u 4.04.0 s,t,u

100.00.0 56.014.992 30.4210.85 1.570.409 260.878.38 44.181.77 0.0050.001 39.166.136 14.211.49 2.772.27 0.370.185 0.720.554 0.070.011 0.0970.011 0.0940.012 0.1140.057

86.7 11.55a,f,k 75.0 30.0a,f,g,k 53.3 32.15a,f,g 1.86 0.3i,h 445.6 21.4c,d,g 40.3 3.75a,e,f,g,l-p 0.01 0.0g,l 39.7 20.5a-c,e-g,i,j,l, o-q 6.0 7.0 a-c,e-g,i,j,l-o,p,q 12.6 21.8 a-c,e-g,i,j,l-o-q 2.9 5.7 a-c,e-g,i,j,l-o,p,q 4.9 9.7 a-c,e-g,i,j,l-o,p,q 1.9 3.4c,g,i,m-o,q 0.8 1.2c,i,m-p 0.3 0.5g,l-n,p,q

2010.0 s,t,u 2.70.4 s,t,u 18.010.0 s,t,u 3.970.86 s,t,u 1.70.85 s,t,u 72.469.98 s,t,u 14.983.73 s,t,u 4.142.34 s,t,u 1.210.26 s,t,u 1.170.15 s,t,u 2.161.01 s,t,u -

120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0

RESULTS & DISCUSSION

Compressive Strength (MPa)

10

15

Marble Dust Replacement (% by mass) Compressive strength of UHPC with marble dust at 28 days
Introduction Materials and Methods Results and Discussion Conclusion

30

RESULTS & DISCUSSION

Flexural Strength (MPa)

25 20 15 10 5 0 0 5 10 15

Marble Dust Replacement (% by mass) Flexural strength of UHPC with marble dust at 28 days
Introduction Materials and Methods Results and Discussion Conclusion

16

RESULTS & DISCUSSION

Splitting Tensile Strength (MPa)

14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 5 10 15

Marble Dust Replacement (% by mass)

Splitting tensile strength of UHPC with marble dust at 28 days

Introduction Materials and Methods Results and Discussion Conclusion

Increase in Compressive, Flexural and Splitting Tensile Strength of Concrete Investigated

Researchers Optimum Maximum % Increase Grade of Replacement of Compressive Flexural Splitting Concrete Sand with Marble Strength Strength Tensile Dust (%) Strength UHPC M-20* M-20 M-30 M-30 M-30 M-35 M-40 5 20 50 15 15 15 10 10 2.78 14.6 9.5 24 6.6 7.5 28.5 10.3 2.63 3.5 2.85 3.2 8.7 -

Present work Alshahwany (2011) Hameed and Sekar, (2012) Binici et al., (2007) Patel et al., (2013) Rai et al., (2011) Colangelo et al., (2009) Hamza et al., (2011)

M-20 signifies 28-days strength of concrete is 20 MPa

Introduction Materials and Methods Results and Discussion Conclusion

CONCLUSIONS
The physical and chemical properties of marble dust were found suitable for its proposed use. None of the mineral constituents in waste is in undesirable concentration. The compressive strength of cubes, flexural strength of beams and splitting tensile strength of cylinders were increased with addition of waste marble dust up to 5% replacement by weight of sand and further any addition decreased the strength.

Introduction

Materials and Methods

Results and Discussion

Conclusion

CONCLUSIONS
Due to the high fineness of marble dust, it proves to be effective in assuring good cohesiveness of concrete in the presence of a superplasticizing admixture, provided that water to cement ratio was just adequate. The use of marble dust in construction might be cost effective because this waste is available free of cost. It will help in improving environmental problem due to indiscriminate disposal of huge waste generated from marble industries.
Introduction Materials and Methods Results and Discussion Conclusion

Thank You

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