CHAPTER-10

CIRCLES
Things to remember: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. A Tangent to a circle is a line that intersects the circle at only one point. A Secant to a circle is a line that intersects the circle at two points. There can be only one tangent at a point of circle. The common point of contact and the circle is called point of contact. The Tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the point of contact. 6. There is no tangent to a circle passing through a point lying inside circle. . There is only one tangent to a circle passing through a point lying on circle. !. There are two tangents to a circle through a point lying outside circle. ". The lengths of tangents drawn from an e#ternal point to a circle are e$ual. 1%.A circle can ha&e infinite number of tangents.

EXCRCISE-10.1
1. How many tangents can a circle ha e! A circle can have infinite number of tangents.

". #ill in the $lan%s& (i) A tangent to a circle intersects it in one point(s).

(ii) A line intersecting a circle in two points is called a Secant.

(iii) A circle can have 2 parallel tangents at the most.

(iv) The common point of a tangent to a circle and the circle is called Point of Contact.

3. A tangent P at a point P of a circle of radius ! cm meets a line through the center " at a point so that " # $2 cm. %ength P is& (A) $2cm (') $3cm (C) (.! cm ()) $$* PA # ("
2

+ "P2) # ($22 + !2) # $$*

, )

.. )raw a circle and two lines parallel to a given line such that one is a tangent and the other/ a secant to the circle.

EXERCISE 10." In '.1 to () choose the correct o*tion an+ gi e ,-sti.ication. $. 0rom a point / the length of the tangent to a circle is 2. cm and the distance of from the centre is 2! cm. The radius of the circle is& (A) 1 cm (') $2 cm (C)$! cm ()) 2..!cm

2adius of circle # (2!2 + 2.2) # 1 2. 3n the 0ig. $4.$$/ if TP and T are the two tangents to a circle with center " so that P" #$$44/ then PT is e5ual to (A) 644 PT" # (') 144 (C)(44 ())*44

# ,$(4 7 TP" 7 P"T- 8 2 $(4 + *4 + !! # 3! 8 2 # 14.

3. 3f tangents PA and P' from a point P to a circle with center " are inclined to each other at angle of (44/ then P"A is e5ual to& (A) !44 (') 644 (C)144 ())(44 P"A # $(4 7 "AP 7 "PA # $(4 + *4 7 .4 # !4 .. Prove that the tangents drawn at the ends of a diameter of a circle are parallel. The Tangent at an9 point on a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the point of contact. As such "' is to P Similarl9 "A is to P: : Since points A/ " and ' are collinear P:A" # P'" # *4 ;ence/ P: is parallel to P'. !. Prove that the perpendicular at the point of contact to the tangent to a circle passes through the center. %et be a point on tangent drawn from point of contact. <iven "P # *4 ;ence " P # *4 7 P" " P be ====. *4 onl9 when P" # 4 6. The length of a tangent from a point A at distance ! cm from the centeere of the circle is .cm. 0ind the radius of the circle. 2adius ( r) # (!2 7 .2) # (2! 7 $6) # * # 3cm

1. Two concentric circles circles are of radii ! cm and 3cm. 0ind the length of the chord of the larger circle which touches the smaller circle. 2 # (!2 7 32) # (2! + *) # $6 P #28 . #( # .

(. A 5uadrilateral A'C) is drawn to circumscribe a circle (see 0ig. $4.$2). Prove that
2 ) " S A P 0ig&$4. $2 ' C : 0ig&$4.$ 3 C D: ' C C P D

AP2 > P'2 # "A2 + "P2 > "'2 7 "P2 # "A2 > "'2 + 2"P2 ) 2 > 2C2 # ")2 + "22 > "C2 7 "P2 # ")2 > "C2 + 2"22 ??????????? A'2 > )C2 # "A2 > "'2 > ")2 > "C2 + .4P2 @ AAT3"B 7$ 2 2 2 2 2 2 )S > SA # ") 7 "S > "A 7 "S # ") > "A + 24 S2 C > "' # "C2 + " 2 > "'2 7 " 2 # "C2 > "'2 7 24 2 2 2 )A > C' # ")2 > "A2 > "C2 > "'2 + 24S2 7 24 2 # ")2 > "A2 > "C2 > "'2 7 .4 S2 ???????? @ AAT3"B 72 Since "S & "P e5uation7$ and 2 are same/ hence A' > )C # )A > C'. *. 3n the 0ig. $4.$3/ CD and C:D: are two parallel tangents to a circle with center " and another tangent A' with point of contact C intersecting CD at A and C:D: at '. Prove that A"' #*44. ================.

$4.Prove that the angle between the two tangents drawn from an e8ternal point to a circle is supplementar9 to the angle subtended b9 the line+segment Eoining the points of contact at the center. P is tangent. " is line Eoining point of contact with centre. ;ence " P # *4 Similarl9 "2P # *4 P 2 # "P2 7 " 2 and P22 # "P2 7 "22 Since " # 2 P 2 # P22 and P # P2 3n " P and "P2/ " # "2F P # P2 F "P is common side. ;ence both are e5ual triangles. And as such P" # 2P" 3n P S / PS # *4. 3n P " P " # *4/ "P is common side to both the triangles. ;ence # . ;ence PS # " S P S # P " 7 " S # *4 7 " S # *4 7 PS # *4 7 .

$$.Prove that the parallelogram circumscribing a circle is a rhombus. )raw P2 and S in such a wa9 that both are to each other. Therefore/ S"2 # S"P # P" # "2 # *4 )raw tangents to circle from P and 2. )raw tangent to circle from S and . A) is parallel to 'C and A' is parallel to )C. 3n S'"2 'S" # S"2 # 2' # *4 ;ence S'2 # *4 Similarl9 AS" # S"P # AP" # *4 ;ence SAP # *4 )P" # P" # " ) # *4 ;ence P) # *4 "2 # "2C # " C # *4 ;ence C2 # *4 ;ence A'C) is a 2hombus. $2.A triangle A'C is drawn to circumscribe a circle of radius . cms such that the segments ') and )C into which 'C is divided b9 the point of contact ) are of length ( cm and 6 cm respectivel9(see 0ig. $4.$.). 0ind the sides A' and AC.
A

"

6c m

0ig&$4.$.

) )

(c m

'

$3.Prove that opposite sides of a 5uadrilateral circumscribing a circle subtend supplementar9 angles at the center of the circle. ==================.