Janjaweed

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/wiki/Image:"arfur#report#-# age#$#Image#%.&pg /wiki/Image:"arfur#report#-# age#$#Image#%.&pg ' Jan&aweed miltiaman mounted The Janjaweed ('rabic: )*+,-./ variousl0 transliterated Janjawid, Janjawed, Jingaweit, Jinjaweed, Janjawiid, Janjiwid, Janjaweit, etc.1 thought to mean 2a man with a gun on a horse2, 2devil on horseback2, or 2a man on a horse23 is a blanket term used to describe mostl0 armed gunmen in "arfur, western 4udan, and now eastern 5had.6%7 8sing the 8nited 9ations definition, the Jan&aweed comprised nomadic 'rabic-speaking 'frican tribes (i.e. :lack 'rabs, or 'fro-'rabs3, the core of whom are from 'bbala (camel herder3 background with significant ;ambo

recruitment from the :aggara (cattle herder3 people. The0 have been at odds with "arfur<s sedentar0 population in the past. The0 are currentl0 in conflict with "arfur rebel groups = the 4udan ;iberation >ovement and the Justice and E?ualit0 >ovement. 4ince @AAB the0 have been one of the main pla0ers in the "arfur conflict, which has pitted the largel0 nomadic 4udanese against the sedentar0 4udanese population of the region in a battle over resource and land allocation.6@7 4ome interviews suggest that the0 are acting as paid mercenaries on behalf of the government of 4udan.

Contents
6hide7 % Et0molog0 @ Cistor0 B Jan&aweed<s commanders $ Deferences E E!ternal links

[edit] tymology
The name Janjaweed is often believed to mean something in a dialect of Festern 4udan.6B7 Genericall0 meaning HhordesI in collo?uial 'rab, there is no evidence for et0mological connection between Janjaweed and H&innI (spirit3, H&imI (HGI as in GB rifle3, H&awadI (horse3 or <gan&a,< a 4anskrit vernacular for mari&uana. The Jan&aweed are the successor to an earlier 'rab tribal militia, the Murahilin (literall0 JnomadsK3, which had e!isted for man0 0ears beforehand.6$7 The term is instead a derivative of the ersian word, jang, 2war2, and jangawee, 2warrior.26citation needed7 The term was adopted b0 the >ahdists in 4udan along with the idea of the >ahdi = a lingering tradition of the old Dustamid Ibadi d0nast0 of Tunisia who hailed from a ersian background6citation needed7. The Ismaili 4hia Latimids d0nast0, who con?uered the Dustamids, inherited the term and carried it to Eg0pt, thence 4udan6citation needed7. The >ahdists showed a strong 4hia ideological imprint6citation needed7, although the0 were 4unnis in their belief. The term 2&an&aweed2 is an 'rabiciMed version of Jangawee, which stood for 2faith warriors2 among the old 4hia communities of 9orth 'frica in the medieval times6citation needed7.

[edit] !istory
War in "arfur

/wiki/Image:"arfur#map.png /wiki/Image:"arfur#map.png Timeline International response '>I4

Combatants 4;> JE> Jan&aweed #ther articles Cistor0 of "arfur :ibliograph0 This bo!: view N talk N edit The Jan&aweed are armed partisans drawn from "arfurian and 'rabic-speaking tribes that became notorious for massacre, rape and forced displacement in %OOA and @AA%-@AAE. The Jan&aweed first emerged in %OPP after 5hadian resident CissQne CabrR, backed b0 Lrance and the 8nited 4tates, defeated the ;ib0an arm0, thereb0 ending 5ol. >uammar al-GaddafiIs territorial designs on 5had. ;ib0aIs 5hadian protRgR, 'cheickh Ibn Smer 4aeed, retreated with his partisan forces to "arfur, where the0 were hosted b0 4heikh >usa Cilal, the newl0-elevated chief of the >ahamid DiMeigat 'rabic speaking 'frican tribes of north "arfur. CilalIs tribesmen had earlier smuggled ;ib0an weapons to Ibn SmerIs forces. ' Lrench-5hadian incursion destro0ed Ibn SmerIs camp, but his weapons remained with his >ahamid hosts. Throughout the %OOAs, the Jan&aweed were a combination of 5hadian and "arfurian 2'rab2 partisans, tolerated b0 the 4udan Government, pursuing local agendas of controlling land. The ma&orit0 of "arfurIs 'rabs, the :aggara confederation, were and remain uninvolved in the war. In %OOO-@AAA, faced with threats of insurgencies in Festern and 9orthern "arfur, ThartoumIs securit0 armed the Jan&aweed forces. Fhen the insurgenc0 escalated in Lebruar0 @AAB, spearheaded b0 the 4udan ;iberation >ovement, and the Justice and E?ualit0 >ovement, the 4udanese Government responded b0 using the Jan&aweed as its main counter-insurgenc0 force. rotracting the forces to attack and recover the rebel held areas of "arfur, the Jan&aweed conducted a scorched earth campaign of mass atrocit0 targeting civilians in the region of "arfur. 's of Sctober, @AAU, onl0 the 8nited 4tates< government has declared the Jan&aweed killings in "arfur to be genocide, since the0 have killed an estimated @AA,AAA-$AA,AAA civilians in the last three 0ears.6E76V7 The 8.4. 4tate "epartment and others in @AA$ named leading Jan&aweed commanders including >usa Cilal as suspected genocide criminals. The 89 4ecurit0 5ouncil called for the Jan&aweed to be disarmed. :0 earl0 @AAV, man0 Jan&aweed had been absorbed into the 4udan 'rmed Lorces including the opular "efence Lorces and :order Guards. >eanwhile, the Jan&aweed e!panded to include some 'rab-speaking tribes in eastern "arfur, not historicall0 associated with the original Jan&aweed. 5hadian 2'rabs2 were also increasingl0 active in seeking to reestablish a political base in 5had, as part of the 8nified Lorces for a "emocratic 5hange (L853 coalition. >usa Cilal, who heads a small but powerful "arfurian 2'rab2 tribe,6U7 is suspected b0 the 84 4tate "epartment of being a leader of the Jan&aweed.6P7 The 9ew Worker ?uotes him: 2 I am a tribal leader. ... The government call to arms is carried out through the tribal leaders.26O7 Ce admits recruiting, but denies being in the militar0 chain of command, according to Cuman Dights Fatch.6%A7

[edit] Janjaweed$s commanders

The following is a 8nited 4tates 4tate "epartment list of Jan&aweed 5ommanders and 5oordinators: 4heikh >usa Cilal: Jan&aweed coordinator and :uffalo :rigade (;iwa el Jamous3 commander Camid "awai: Jan&aweed :rigader, Terbeba-'rara-:eida area leader. Emir of the :eni Calba tribe and Jan&aweed leader, he was responsible for Jan&aweed activities in the Terbeba-'rara-:a0da triangle where $VA civilians were killed between 'ugust @AAB and 'pril @AA$. Ce has residences in Geneina and :a0da, 4udan. 'bdullah >ustafa 'bu 4hineibat: Cabila and Loro :urunga area. Emir of the :eni Calba tribe and Jan&aweed leader in the Cabila->urnei area. Smada 4aef: Geneina and >isterei area. Smda of the 'wlad Xeid tribe and leader of the Jan&aweed from Geneina to >isterei. Ce has a residence in Geneina. Smar :abbush: Cabila and Loro :urunga area. Smda of the >isseri0a tribe and leader of the Jan&aweed from Cabila to Loro :urunga. Ce has a residence in Loro :urunga. 'hmed "ekheir: >urnei area. Ce is the omda of the >aIalia tribe and leader of the Jan&aweed in >urnei. 'hmed 'bu Tamasha: Tailek area The following is a 8nited 4tates 5ongress list of Jan&aweed<s 5oordination and 5ommand 5ouncil:6%%7 4ukeirtalah: ;ieutenant 5olonel, ;eader of Jan&aweed==Geneina 'hmed >ohammed Caroun: 5oordinator==4tate >inister of Interior Ssman Wusif Tibir: 4tate Governor "arfur El Tahir Cassan 'bboud: 95 >ohammed 4alih 'l 4unusi :araka: >ember of the 9ational 'ssembl0

 >ohammed Wusif El Tileit: Festern "arfur 4tate >inister Cussein 'bdalla Jibril: >a&or General, >ember of the 9ational 'ssembl0 The following is a 8nited 4tates 5ongress list of Jan&aweed Lield 5ommand: 4heikh >usa Cilal: Jan&aweed coordinator and :uffalo :rigade (;iwa el Jamous3 commander Camid "awai: Jan&aweed :rigadier, Terbeba-'rara-:eida area leader. Emir of the :eni Calba tribe and Jan&aweed leader, he was responsible for Jan&aweed activities in the Terbeba-'rara-:a0da triangle where $VA civilians were killed between 'ugust @AAB and 'pril @AA$. Ce has residences in Geneina and :a0da, 4udan. 'bdel Fahid: Jan&aweed :rigadier, Tebkabi0a area >ohammed Ibrahim Ginesto: Jan&aweed :rigadier Cussein Tangos: Jan&aweed >a&or Smer :aabas: Jan&aweed >a&or6%@7