1.

0 TERMS OF REFERENCE On 20 September 2012, Adam Zhadiff, Mohd Shahrizi, Muhamad Amirul, Muhammad Shafiq, Muhammad Taufiq and Muhammad Zhafiran from the Faculty of Chemical Engineering, UiTM Shah Alam, were instructed by Associate Professor Thevy, the Report Writing lecturer (BEL422) to write a country report on Turkmenistan. The report which includes the background information, findings and conclusion has to be submitted on 22 November 2012.

2.0 INTRODUCTION This section will discuss the background of the study, the statement of the problem, the objectives of the study, methods and the limitations of the study.

2.1 Background of the Study Turkmenistan is a nation that as exquisite as the carpets that they are weaving. Sand deserts cover mostly of its land.

2.2 Statement of the Problem Generally the students in EH2223B from the Faculty of Chemical Engineering, UiTM Shah Alam, lack the knowledge of many countries in the world. Based on a quick verbal survey, it was found that none of them have heard of Turkmenistan. Therefore, the purpose of this report is to enlighten these undergraduates about Turkmenistan specifically regarding its population growth, per capita income growth and its major exports.

2.3 Objectives of the Study The following are the objectives of the report; 2.3.1 to analyze the population growth of Turkmenistan from 2006 to 2011 2.3.2 to analyze the per capita income growth of Turkmenistan from 2006 to 2011 2.3.3 to identify the major exports of Turkmenistan

2.4 Method and Limitations of the Study In carrying out this study, various printed resources and published reports on country were looked into before data were analyzed. Besides that, other relevant text references were also used to justify the scope and focus of the report. This study has several limitations. Firstly, the time given to complete the report is 10 weeks. As the result the study may not be as thorough as it should be. Moreover, due to the time constraints the scope of the report is limited.

3.0 FINDINGS This section will present the findings from the various resources that were used. The findings are divided into three sections, which are the population growth of Turkmenistan from 2006 to 2011, the per capita income growth of Turkmenistan from 2006 to 2011 and its major exports.

3.1 Population Growth of Turkmenistan from 2006 to 2011

Population Growth
5150000 5100000 5050000 5000000 4950000 4900000 4850000 4800000 4750000 4700000 4650000 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Years

Population

Population Growth

FIGURE 3.1 Population growth of Turkmenistan from 2006 to 2011

Adapted from the World Bank (2012)

Figure 3.1 shows the population growth of Turkmenistan from 2006 to 2011. The Turkmenistans population increased progressively over the few years. According to the World Bank (2012), Turkmenistan recorded its population to be 4,801,847 in 2006. For the following year, its population grew slightly by 1.17 percent which was equivalent to 56,996 people. From 2008 to 2009 the population rose marginally by 1.23 percent from 4,918,396 to 4,979,672. In 2010, its population was 5,041,995, projecting an increase by 1.24 percent. Consequently, in 2011 Turkmenistans population also increased by 1.24 percent to reach 5105301. Therefore, the population of Turkmenistan indeed, did enlarge grew from 2006 to 2011.

3.2 Per Capita Income Growth of Turkmenistan from 2006 to 2011

GNI
4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Years

GNI

GNI

FIGURE 3.2 GNI of Turkmenistan from 2006 to 2011

Adapted from the World Bank (2012)

Figure 3.2 shows the GNI of Turkmenistan from 2006 to 2011. Turkmenistans Gross National Income (GNI) per capita, also gradually increased over the few years. Based on data obtained from the World Bank (2012), the GNI per capita of Turkmenistan grew by 16.3 percent from US$1,900 to US$2,270 from 2006 to 2007. In 2008, Turkmenistan achieved GNI per capita of US$3,030 which indicated that the figures went up by 25.08 percent. Subsequently, in the following year, its GNI per capita rose by 12.43 percent. From 2010 to 2011, the GNI per capita escalated from US$3,790 to US$4,110 which it grew significantly by 7.8 percent. In a nutshell, the GNI per capita of Turkmenistan certainly increased between 2006 and 2011.

3.3 Turkmenistan Major Exports

Oil and Gas

Energy

Major Exports of Turkmenistan

Textiles

FIGURE 3.3 The Major Exports of Turkmenistan

Adapted from Embassy of Turkmenistan (2012)

Figure 3.3 shows the major exports of Turkmenistan. Turkmenistan exports three major products. Firstly, it exports oil and gas such as natural gas, petrochemicals, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), poplypropylene and crude oil. According to the United States Energy Information Administration (2012), Turkmen crude oils are of the low grade. Secondly, Turkmenistan also exports energy in terms of electricity. Generation of electricity in Turkmenistan is by natural gas through gas turbines (International Energy Agency, 2011). At the same time, Turkmenistan exports textiles too. These include cotton fibers, silks, carpets and rugs (National Centre for Marketing and Price Study, 2012). All in all, Turkmenistan exports three major categories of goods which are oil and gas, energy and textiles.

4.0 CONCLUSION This research investigated on the country of Turkmenistan. Secondary data were collected from various printed resources and published reports on the study. As mentioned earlier per capita the introduction, the purposes of this study were to investigate the population growth of Turkmenistan from 2006 to 2011, to analyze the per capita income growth of Turkmenistan from 2006 to 2011 and to identify the major exports of Turkmenistan. The following conclusions can be drawn based on the findings at the study.

4.1 This study has shown that the population of Turkmenistan indeed, did grow from 2006 to 2011 4.2 The report also has indicated that the GNI per capita of Turkmenistan certainly increased between 2006 and 2011 4.3 Lastly, the report has proven that Turkmenistan exports three major categories of good which are oil and gas, energy and textiles.

The results of this study indicate that population and GNI per capita of Turkmenistan grew significantly from 2006 to 2011 and it exports three major goods. However, these findings are not through as it should be due to time constrained. Besides that, all data was taken from printed and published reports from the internet.