CMU Academic Year: 2009-2010

HU 127HUMAN COMMUNICATION Lecturer: NORNG SOKHA

WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 4
I. KEY TERMS Match each word or phrase on the left with its definition on the right. 1. Chronemics 2. Leakage 3. Oculesics 4. Haptics 5. Touch avoidance 6. Paralinguistics 7. Pitch 8. Personal space 9. Kinesic slips 10. Vocalizations A. A negative attitude toward touch that also affects proxemic behavior and other types of nonverbal communication. B. Something beyond or in addition to language itself. C. Signals of deception D. The frequency level (high or low) of the voice. E. A persons portable territory, which each individual carries along whenever he or she may go. F. The study how human beings communicate through their use of time G. Noises without linguistic structure, such as crying, laughing, and grunting H. The study of how we use touch to communicate. I. Contradictory verbal and nonverbal messages. J. The study of how the role of eye behaviors, including eye contact, eye moments, and pupil dilation in communicating.

B. Use each of the following words or phrases in the box to fill in the gap. A. reinforce D. deception G. visual cues B. cues C. nonverbal communication E. vocal cues F. physical appearance H. body movements

(1) . is going on all the time. In discussing the interpretation of nonverbal messages, we saw that a significant percentage of all social meaning is conveyed through nonverbal stimuli. We also saw that nonverbal channels convey primarily relational messages, messages about the emotional level of our communication, and that a nonverbal message can replace, (2) ., or contradict a verbal message. Yet verbal and nonverbal responses qualify each other in so many ways that they are not totally separable. Three broad categories of nonverbal cues were examined. First we discussed space and time, (3) . that have a subtle but pervasive influence on communication style and are, to a great degree, determined by one's culture. We saw that assumptions about nonverbal cues may create misunderstandings in intercultural communication. (4) . from facial expressions, eye contact, (5) (particularly hand gestures), touching, and (6) and the use of objects were analyzed. We found that these cues give us information about human emotions and intentions; they are also the basis for some of our judgments about personality and social status. (7) . are another source of information, and we spoke about volume, rate and fluency, pitch, and quality. In closing, we looked at an area of nonverbal behavior that cuts across all the individual nonverbal cues, the study of deception. We examined some conditions under which signals of (8) are most likely to occur as well as new research findings about accuracy in decoding deception cues and the mutual influence of deceivers and detectors. 1

CMU Academic Year: 2009-2010

HU 127HUMAN COMMUNICATION Lecturer: NORNG SOKHA

C. Use each of the following words or phrases in the box to fill in the gap. A. emphasis B. repetition D. complementation E. substitute C. contradiction F. regulation

Nonverbal communication works in conjunction with the words that we utter in six ways. Let us consider each of these briefly. (1) .. occurs when the same message is sent verbally and nonverbally. For example, you frown at the PowerPoint presentation while you ask the speaker what he means. You direct a passing motorist by pointing at the next street corner and explaining where she should turn. (2) is the use of nonverbal cues to strengthen your message. Hugging a friend and telling him that you really care about him is a stronger statement that using either words or bodily movement alone. (3) .. is different from repetition in that it goes beyond duplication of the message in two channels. It is also not a substitution of one channel for the other. The verbal and nonverbal codes add meaning to each other and expand on either message alone. Your tone of voice, your gestures, and your bodily movement can all indicate your feeling, which goes beyond your verbal message. (4) .. occurs when your verbal and nonverbal message conflict. Often this occurs accidentally. If you have ever been angry at a teacher or parent, you may have stated verbally that you were fine-but your bodily movements, facial expression, and use of space may have leaked your actual feelings. Contradiction occurs intentionally in humor and sarcasm. Your words provide one message, but your nonverbal delivery tells how you really feel. (5) .. occurs when you use no verbal language at all. You roll your eyes, you stick out your tongue, you gesture thumbs down, or you shrug. In most cases, your intended message is fairly clear. (6) .. is used to monitor and control interactions with others. You look away when someone else is trying to talk and you are not finished with your brought. You walk away from someone who has hurt your feelings or made you angry. You shake your head and encourage another person to continue talking. While verbal and nonverbal codes often work in concert, they also exhibit differences that we will consider next. II. MULTIPLE CHOICES 1. How would the father's message in the following example be classified? A son asks to borrow the family car for a date, and the father groans. A) Verbal/vocal. B) Verbal/nonvocal. C) Nonverbal/vocal D) Nonverbal/nonvocal. 2. Nonverbal messages are extremely important because A) they comprise well over half of our communication in face-to-face settings. B) they are often more reliable because they are hard to fake. C) in a number of situations, we rely on them more than on verbal cues. D) of all of the above reasons. 3. Which statement about non-verbal messages is incorrect? A) Those that are easiest to interpret are the ones that are substituted for verbal messages. B) Some people are more skilled at interpreting them than others. C) They are less likely to be believed when they contradict a verbal message. D) They convey information about our emotions and intentions. 2

CMU Academic Year: 2009-2010

HU 127HUMAN COMMUNICATION Lecturer: NORNG SOKHA

4. Which statement best describes the relationship between culture and non-verbal communication? A) Culture impacts non-verbal messages more strongly than verbal messages. B) Spatial cues are the least influenced by cultural variations. C) Members of high-contact cultures have less eye contact although they touch more often. D) People from low-contact cultures are more direct in their communications and use a louder tone. 5. The term proxemics refers to A) a contradiction between verbal and non-verbal messages. B) the study of how people communicate through the use of space. C) the variations in message content and vocal characteristics that occur with various distances in Hall's scheme. D) variations between high- and low-context cultures. 6. With which statement would Edward Hall, who uses space to describe human relations, agree? A) Both message content and vocal characteristics vary from one category to another. B) A closer relationship is indicated by social distance than personal distance. C) Cultural differences are greatest in intimate distance. D) Public distance is the most appropriate for interviews and business discussions. 7. Which statement concerning facial expression is FALSE? A) Facial cues are the single most important source of non-verbal communication. B) Most of our expressive actions are instinctive, not learned. C) Scholars agree that expressive facial behavior is almost constant across cultures. D) The smile seems to be a universally recognized message. 8. Frequent eye contact is a sign of A) nervousness and anxiety B) affection or interest. C) rejection in settings where social distance is maintained. D) boredom in the listener where intimate distance is maintained. 9. Which description of hand gestures is INACCURATE? A) There are a number of gestures which have an agreed-upon universal meaning. B) They are second in importance to facial cues. C) They may substitute for verbal communications. D) Everyone, even less animated people, uses hand gestures. 10. Which of these are NOT usually communicated by touch? A) nurturing and caring. B) persuasion and influence. C) fatigue and disinterest. D) a professional relationship. 11. Clothes we wear and objects we display may communicate A) conformity or nonconformity. B) status or power. C) patriotism or commitment to social movements. D) all of the above. 12. Emoticons are A) non-verbal cues in a text-based message. B) small decorative objects, such as a small pink triangle or red ribbon, which may convey attitudes or beliefs. C) a ritualistic type of touch. 3

CMU Academic Year: 2009-2010

HU 127HUMAN COMMUNICATION Lecturer: NORNG SOKHA

D) symbolic content found in the pitch of voice of deceivers. 13. In research by Jones, Jones, and Yarborough, the touch that signals a greeting or departure is identified as A) hybrid touch. B) control touch. C) ritualistic touch. D) positive affect touch. 14. Which of these aspects determines the quality of the response of a deceiver? A) whether the lie is prepared or spontaneous B) whether what is being concealed is factual or emotional C) whether the stakes are high D) all of these dimensions impact the response of the deceiver 15. Which of the following are cues that a deception is being communicated? A) Greater delays in response, unless the deception has been rehearsed. B) Greater speech dysfluencies. C) Briefer messages with more hand gestures. D) All of the above are cues that signal a deception. 16. Kinesic slips occur when the receiver misinterprets the nonverbal clue given by the sender. A) True B) False 17. Monochronic time is linear and segmented and is often perceived in the same way that money is. A) True B) False 18. Oculesics is the study of touch. A) True B) False 19. Volume, pitch, rate, and fluency are all types of vocal cues which are linked to personality. A) True B) False 20. Training and practice can help a communication receiver to isolate the various verbal and non-verbal cues and interpret them more accurately. A) True B) False III. ESSAY QUESTIONS 1. Specify four categories of communication associated with verbal and vocal communication. 2. What are three ways in which nonverbal messages relate to verbal messages? 3. What are Visual Cues? Briefly explain each one. 4. What are Vocal Cues? Briefly explain each one. 5. Explain the differences between Monochronic Culture and Polychronic Culture. 6. Specify four kinds of interpersonal distance. Give an example of each kind. 7. Describe three categories of nonverbal courtship behavior. Give an example of each type. 8. Identify the conditions under which signals of deception are more likely to occur.