Reasoning

STATEMENT AND ASSUMPTIONS

Directions (6 - 1 0 ) : In each question below is given a statement followed by two assumptions numbered I and II. An assumption is something supposed or taken for granted. You have to consider the statement and the following assumption and decide which of the assumptions is implicit in the statement. Give answer (1) if only assumption I is implicit. Give answer (2) if only assumption II is implicit. Give answer (3) if either assumption I or assumption II is implicit. Give answer (4) if neither assumption I nor assumption II is implicit. Give answer (5) if both assumptions I and II are implicit. 6. Statement : If parking space is not available in office, park your vehicles in the mall and walk to the office. Assumptions I. The mall is at a walkable distance from the office. II. The office does not allow visitors' vehicles in its premises. 7. S t a t e m e n t : Farmers m u s t immediately switch over to organic fertilizers from chemical fertilizers for better yield. Assumptions I. All the farmers use only chemical fertilizers. II. Organic fertilizers are readily available to the farmers. 8. S t a t e m e n t : An advertisement by bank X 'Our interest rates for education loans are lower than any other bank'. Assumptions: I. Some other banks also provide education loans. II. Interest rates charged on education loans are different for different banks. 9. S t a t e m e n t : For any kind of problem with your mobile phone, contact our help desk immediately. Assumptions: I. Help desk has a solution to all kinds of problems related to mobile phones or will guide accordingly. II. Unless the problem is reported immediately, it cannot be solved. 10. S t a t e m e n t : Use our medicine to fight the problem of obesity. Assumptions: I. Other slimming medicines available in the market do not reduce weight. II. Obesity cannot be controlled without medicines. [Corporation Bank PO Exam, 16.01.2011]

EXPLANATIONS
6. (1) Only assumption I is implicit in the statement. Vehicle is parked at a distance which is not far away from the destination. 7. (2) Only assumption II is implicit in the statement. The use of term 'all' in the assumption I makes it invalid. 8. (5) Clearly both the assumptions are implicit in the statement. 9. (5) It is mentioned in the statement that for any kind of problem, contact help desk. It implies that help desk suggests solutions to all kinds of problems related to mobile phones. Therefore, both the assumptions are implicit in the statement. 10. (4) None of the assumptions is implicit in the statement. Directions (11-13) : In each question below is/are given statement(s) followed by two assumptions/inferences numbered I and II. An assumption is something supposed or taken for granted. And an inference can be inferred from the given information. You have to consider the statement(s) and the following assumptions/inferences and decide which of the assumptions/inferences is implicit in the statement(s). Give answer (1) if only I is implicit. Give answer (2) if only II is implicit. Give a n s w e r (3) if either I or II is implicit. Give answer (4) if n e i t h e r I nor II is implicit. Give answer (5) if b o t h I a n d II are implicit. 11. S t a t e m e n t : "Sometimes a person acting out of conviction, pursuing a dream represents the spirit of an entire generation". I. One gets conviction out of one's action. II. Expectations of different generations are not the same. 12. S t a t e m e n t : 'Take a recruitment system, for example. The company would make an offer to somebody it had rejected three months ago! There was no recruitment database that kept record of that". I. It is possible to devise a system which would indicate those applicants who were rejected earlier. II. This company considers three months time too short a period to reconsider recruitment decision about a candidate. 13. S t a t e m e n t : "Everyone does not need to build a 100 crore or 1000 crore company. Small vs big vs superbig is a choice that an entrepreneur makes herself / himself depending upon the ambitions, values and what s h e / h e likes doing". I. The figures are for the turnover of the company. II. There is hardly any distinction between a small or a big company. [Indian Bank PO Exam. 02.01.2011]

EXPLANATIONS
11. (1) Only assumption I is implicit in the statement. 12. (1) Clearly assumption I is implicit in the statement. 13. (1) The strength of a company is measured in terms of investment and turnover. Therefore, inference I is true. Directions (14 - 1 9 ) : In each question below is given a statement followed by two assumptions numbered I and II. An assumption is something supposed or taken for granted. You have to consider the statement and the following assumptions and decide which of the assumptions is implicit in the statement. Give answer (1) if only assumption I is implicit. Give answer (2) if only assumption II is implicit. Give answer (3) if either assumption I or assumption II is implicit. Give answer (4) if neither assumption I nor assumption II is implicit. Give answer (5) if both assumptions I and II are implicit. 14. Statement : Job rotation helps employees get an overview of the organisation. Assumptions: I. J o b rotation is the only method to get an overview of the organisation. II. It is required to have an overview of the organisation. 15. S t a t e m e n t : Let us appoint Ms. X as the CEO of our Company so that the Company's products are also perceived to be genuine. Assumptions: I. CEO can change the perception of products. II. Perception is same as the actual reality. 16. S t a t e m e n t : An advertisement The new model has been launched with K-series engine. Assumptions: I. People know about K-series engine. II. Engine type/series is important for buyers. 17. Statement : Mohan tells Nita, "Let us meet over lunch tomorrow". Assumptions: I. Lunch timings are known to both. II. Both are aware of the venue for lunch. 18. S t a t e m e n t : You need to be talented to identify talent. Assumptions: I. Talent is acquired and developed. II. Talent is hereditary. 19. S t a t e m e n t : The movie is a super-duper hit and has broken all the records. Assumptions: I. There is no authentic criterion to judge a hit or a flop. II. The performance of earlier movies is known. [Bank of India PO Exam, 31.10.2010]

EXPLANATIONS
14. (2) Only assumption II is implicit in the statement. The use of the term 'only' in the first assumption makes it invalid.

15. (1) Only assumption I is implicit in the statement. 16. (5) Both the assumptions are implicit in the statement. 17. (5) Clearly both the assumptions are implicit in the statement. 18. (1) Only assumption I is implicit. 19. (2) Only assumption II is implicit in the statement. Directions (20 - 2 4 ) : In each question below is given a statement followed by two assumptions numbered I and II. An assumption is something supposed or taken for granted. You have to consider the statement and the following assumptions and decide which of the assumptions is implicit in the statement. Give answer (1) if only Assumption 1 is implicit. Give answer (2) if only Assumption II is implicit. Give answer (3) if either Assumption I or Assumption II is implicit. Give answer (4) if neither Assumption I nor Assumption II is implicit. Give answer (5) if both Assumptions I and II are implicit. 20. Statement : Banks should always check financial s t a t u s before lending money to a client. Assumptions: I. Checking before lending would give a true picture of the client's financial status. II. Clients sometimes may not present the correct picture of their ability to repay loan amount to the bank. 21. S t a t e m e n t : The government has decided to run all commercial vehicles on bio-fuels in order to save the depleting fossil fuel reserves. Assumptions: I. It is possible to switch over from fossil fuel to bio fuels for vehicles. II. Sufficient amount of bio-fuel can be produced in the country to run all commercial vehicles. 22. S t a t e m e n t : To save the environment enforce total ban on mining throughout the country. Assumptions: I. Mining which is done legally does not cause any harm to the environment. II. Mining is one of the factors responsible for environmental degradation. 23. Statement : Give adequate job related training to the employees before assigning them full fledged work. Assumptions: I. Training helps in boosting the performance of employees. II. Employees have no skill sets before training is provided to them. 24. S t a t e m e n t : Take a ferry or a boat instead of a b u s to reach the Kravi islands faster. Assumptions: I. The islands being in remote location are not easily accessible. II. Ferries and boats are available to travel to Kravi islands. [Syndicate Bank PO Exam, 29.08.2010]

EXPLANATIONS
20. (5) Both the assumptions are implicit in the statement. If it is recommended to check financial s t a t u s of client, it implies that it is possible to assess the financial status of client. 21. (5) Both the assumptions are implicit in the statement. 22. (2) Only assumption II is implicit in the statement. 23. (1) Only assumption I is implicit in the statement. 24. (2) The statement compares the duration of journey. Therefore, assumption I is not implicit in the statement. Clearly, assumption II is implicit in the statement. Directions (25 - 2 9 ) : In each question below is given a statement followed by two assumptions numbered I and II. An assumption is something supposed or taken for granted. You have to consider the statement and the following assumptions and decide which of the assumptions is implicit in the statement. Give answer (1) if only assumption I is implicit. Give answer (2) if only assumption II is implicit. Give answer (3) if either assumption I or II is implicit. Give answer (4) if neither assumption I nor II is implicit. Give answer (5) if both assumptions I and II are implicit. 25. Statement : Please send an official letter rather than semiofficial on this subject this time. Assumptions: I. The format and emphasis of different types of letters is different. II. We can send different types of letters on the same subject. 26. S t a t e m e n t : Please check the availability of 2 tickets from Delhi to Lucknow. Assumptions: I. Person checking knows the desired mode of travel. II. Person checking knows the details of the person travelling. 27. Statement : If you want to increase your writing speed, use 0.7 pen. Assumptions: I. There are different types of pens available. II. The person being told understands what is 0.7 pen. 28. S t a t e m e n t : In order to build more space, extra FSI needs to be bought. Assumptions: I. The person being told does not know the meaning of FSI II. More space will reduce the construction cost. 29. S t a t e m e n t : Let there be a signboard also indicating the directions and instructions. Assumptions: I. Signboard can be prepared without using any language. II. Signboard is the only effective tool to indicate directions. [Central Bank of India PO Exam, 25.07.2010]

EXPLANATIONS
25. (5) It is requested to send another type of letter. It implies that format and emphasis of different types of letters is different. Again, it is clearly mentioned to send an official letter rather than semi-official letter on this subject. Therefore, it is possible to send different types of letters on the same subject. 26. (1) Only assumption I is implicit in the statement. The details of passengers are required for booking the tickets. 27. (5) Clearly, both the assumptions are implicit in the statement. 28. (4) Neither of the assumptions is implicit in the statement. 29. (4) The use of term 'only' in the assumption II makes it invalid. Directions (30-34) : In each question below is given a statement followed by two assumptions numbered I and II. An assumption is something supposed or taken for granted. You have to consider the statement and the following assumptions and decide which of the assumptions is implicit in the statement. Give answer (1) if only assumption 1 is implicit. Give answer (2) if only assumption II is implicit. Give answer (3) if either assumption I or II is implicit. Give answer (4) if neither assumption I nor II is implicit. Give answer (5) if both assumptions I and II are implicit. 30. Statement: The driver of the huge truck pulled the emergency brakes to avoid hitting the auto rickshaw which suddenly came in front of the truck. Assumptions: I. The auto rickshaw driver may be able to steer his vehicle away from the oncoming truck. II. The truck driver may be able to stop the truck before it hits the a u t o rickshaw. 3 1 . Statement: The doctor warned the patient against any further consumption of alcohol if he desired to get cured from the ailment and live a longer life. Assumptions: I. The patient may follow the doctor's advice and stop consuming alcohol. II. The doctor may be able to cure the patient from the ailment if the patient stops consuming alcohol. 32. Statement: The Chairman of the company urged all the employees to refrain from making long personal calls during working h o u r s in order to boost productivity. Assumptions: I. Majority of the employees may respond positively to the Chairman's appeal. II. Most of the employees may continue to make long personal calls during working hours.
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39. (2) Only assumption II is implicit in the statement. Any notice is issued assuming that people will read the notice and follow the contents of the notice. Directions ( 4 0 - 4 4 ) : In each question below is given a statement followed by two assumptions numbered I and II. An assumption is something supposed or taken for granted. You have to consider the statement and the following assumptions and decide which of the assumptions is implicit in the statement. Give answer (1) if only Assumption I is implicit. Give answer (2) if only Assumption II is implicit. Give answer (3) if either Assumption I or Assumption II is implicit. Give answer (4) if neither Assumption I nor Assumption II is implicit. Give answer (5) if both Assumption I and Assumption II are implicit. 40. Statement : The government has decided to earmark a separate lane in the metropolis for passenger vehicles with more than one occupant. Assumptions: I. The move may help decongest the roads of the metropolis. II. Many people may resort to pool car system to avoid traffic snarls. 41. Statement : The civic authority of the metropolis has decided to suspend sanctioning of new building proposals for six months and assess the impact of the current building projects on the city's amenities. Assumptions: I. The builders' lobby may move the court against the civic body's decision. II. The civic authority may be able to complete the impact study in about six months. 42. Statement : The railway authority has announced that it will carry out major repair work for two days beginning Saturday on the main line connecting the two big cities in the state bringing the rail service to a halt. Assumptions: I. People may reschedule their journey in view of the railway authority's decision. II. People may still plan their travel by train between the two cities even on these two days. 43. Statement : The government has directed all the degree colleges to declare results of all the examinations within a fortnight after the last date of examination. Assumptions: I. The college authorities may not be able to declare all the results within the stipulated time. II. Many college authorities may not be able to conduct all the examinations in time. 44. Statement : Manish invited all his friends to his house for dinner on his birthday and requested his mother to arrange for the birthday party. Assumptions: I. Most of Manish's friends may attend his birthday party. II. Manish's mother may be able to make all the arrangements including food for all his friends. [Indian Bank PO Exam, 17.01.2010]

EXPLANATIONS
40. (5) It is obvious that both the assumptions are implicit in the statement. The Government has taken step assuming that decongestion of the roads will improve. Again, people may wish to use the separate lane. 41. (2) The assumption I is not valid. Assumption II seems to be implicit in the statement. It is clearly mentioned that the civic authority will assess the impact of the current building projects on the city's amenities in six months. 42. (1) Assumption II is not valid. People will avoid hardship during journey. Assumption I is implicit in the statement. 43. (4) The Government has directed all the degree colleges to declare results of all the examinations within a fortnight assuming that college authority is able to accomplish the task. Thus, none of the assumptions is implicit in the statement. 44. (5) Clearly both the assumptions are implicit in the statement. Directions (45 - 4 6 ) : In each question below is given a statement followed by two "Expectations" numbered I and II. An Expectation is something which can either be an objective or prospect or desired outcome or hope behind the action /statement. You have to consider the statement and the following Expectations and decide which of the Expectations is implicit in the statement. Give answer (1) if only Expectation I is implicit. Give answer (2) if only Expectation II is implicit. Give answer (3) if either Expectation I or II Expectation II is implicit. Give answer (4) if neither Expectation I nor Expectation II is implicit. Give answer (5) if both Expectations I and II are implicit. 45. S t a t e m e n t : A promotional campaign - For healthy children encourage them to play in the playgrounds rather than video games at home. Expectations: I. Health of atleast some children would improve following this campaign. II. Most of the parents would not buy video games for their children after this promotional campaign. 46. S t a t e m e n t : 'We should export the surplus of wheat in order to utilize its over-production this year'. Expectations: I. Knowing that the exported wheat is a part of the surplus of the total production, many countries would not pay the desired amount fCr it. II. Some countries are willing to import wheat. [UNION BANK OF INDIA PO EXAM. 09.01.2011]

EXPLANATIONS
45. (5) Clearly, both the expectations are implicit in the statement. 46. (2) Only expectation II is implicit in the statement. Note : The nature of these two questions is very much akin to the nature of questions on Assumptions.