Note names of musical notes keyboard piano frequencies = octave piano keys tone tones 88 notes naming standard

concert pitch tuning German English system MIDI 88...

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Naming of musical notes and piano keys

Music notation systems - Music frequencies of equal temperament tuning

Chord name finder by note entry

The English and American scientific system versus the German system
Scientific Pitch Notation (SPN)
The standard pitch tuning is A4 (A above middle C) - in German-speaking countries it is called a.
The notes have different names. The German system is used also in many other countries, as there
are e.g. Poland, Czech Republic, and Russia. The frequencies of the 88-key piano keyboard are:
Piano
English
key number
Notation
88
C8 (last tone)
87
B7
86
A 7/B 7
85
A7
84
G 7/A 7
83
G7
82
F 7/G 7
81
F7
80
E7
79
D 7/E 7
78
D7
77
C 7/D 7
76
C7
75
B6
74
A 6/B 6
73
A6
72
G 6/A 6
71
G6
70
F 6/G 6
69
F6
68
E6
67
D 6/E 6
66
D6
65
C 6/D 6
64
C6 (high C)
63
B5
62
A 5/B 5
61
A5
60
G 5/A 5
59
G5

http://www.sengpielaudio.com/calculator-notenames.htm[15/05/2013 21:01:25]

German
Notation
c
h
ais/b
a
gis/as
g
fis/ges
f
e
dis/es''''
d
cis/des
c
h
ais/b
a
gis/as
g
fis/ges
f
e
dis/es
d
cis/des
c
h
ais/b
a
gis/as
g

Frequency
Hz
4186.01
3951.07
3729.31
3520.00
3322.44
3135.96
2959.96
2793.83
2637.02
2489.02
2349.32
2217.46
2093.00
1975.53
1864.66
1760.00
1661.22
1567.98
1479.98
1396.91
1318.51
1244.51
1174.66
1108.73
1046.50
987.767
932.328
880.000
830.609
783.991

Note names of musical notes keyboard piano frequencies = octave piano keys tone tones 88 notes naming standard concert pitch tuning German English system MIDI 88...

58
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
50
49
48
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8

fis/ges
739.989
F 5/G 5
F5
f
698.456
E5
e
659.255
dis/es
622.254
D 5/E 5
D5
d
587.330
cis/des
554.365
C 5/D 5
C5
c
523.251
B4
h
493.883
ais/b
466.164
A 4/B 4
A4 concert pitcha Kammerton 440.000
gis/as'
415.305
G 4/A 4
G4
g
391.995
fis/ges
369.994
F 4/G 4
F4
f
349.228
E4
e
329.628
dis/es
311.127
D 4/E 4
D4
d
293.665
cis/des
277.183
C 4/D 4
C4 (middle C)
c (Schloss-C) 261.626
B3
h
246.942
ais/b
233.082
A 3/B 3
A3
a
220.000
gis/as
207.652
G 3/A 3
G3
g
195.998
fis/ges
184.997
F 3/G 3
F3
f
174.614
E3
e
164.814
dis/es
155.563
D 3/E 3
D3
d
146.832
cis/des
138.591
C 3/D 3
C3
c
130.813
B2
H
123.471
Ais/B
116.541
A 2/B 2
A2
A
110.000
Gis/As
103.826
G 2/A 2
G2
G
97.9989
Fis/Ges
92.4986
F 2/G 2
F2
F
87.3071
E2
E
82.4069
Dis/Es
77.7817
D 2/E 2
D2
D
73.4162
Cis/Des
69.2957
C 2/D 2
C2 (low C)
C
65.4064
B1
,H
61.7354
,Ais/,B~60 Hz 58.2705
A 1/B 1
A1
,A
55.0000
,Gis/,As
51.9130
G 1/A 1
G1
,G~50 Hz 48.9995
,Fis/,Ges
46.2493
F 1/G 1
F1
,F
43.6536
E1
,E
41.2035

http://www.sengpielaudio.com/calculator-notenames.htm[15/05/2013 21:01:25]

Note names of musical notes keyboard piano frequencies = octave piano keys tone tones 88 notes naming standard concert pitch tuning German English system MIDI 88...

7
6
5
4
3
2
1

D 1/E 1
D1
C 1/D 1
C1
B0
A 0/B 0
A0 (first tone)

,Dis/,Es
,D
,Cis/,Des
,C
,,H
,,Ais/,,B
,,A

38.8909
36.7081
34.6479
32.7032
30.8677
29.1353
27.5000

In the twelve-semitone scale the frequency of the next semitone (halftone) is

higher or
lower by the factor of twelfth root of two =
1.0594630943592952645618252949463.
A sound engineer should know the following: The AC hum of 50 Hz in Europe is close to
the pitch of G1 = 48.99 Hz (49 Hz). The AC hum of 60 Hz in the U.S. is a minor third
higher
close to the pitch of A 1/B 1 = 58.27 Hz (58 Hz).
So you can find out logically, whether a sound recording was made in Europe or in the
U.S.
A pure tone with the frequency f = 440 Hz has the amplitude function:
A = sin (880 p t) - where t is given in seconds.
The following equation will give the frequency f of the

nth piano key number, as shown in the table:

Alternatively, this can be written as:

"Middle C" is in any case only approximately in the middle for the
modern concert piano. For most other instruments it is not in the
middle at all. It is is the lowest note on the standard flute, almost
the highest note on the bassoon. Notationally it is the point of
symmetry between the treble and bass staffs (the current position
of the clefs being relatively modern inventions, and relative to
modern human vocal ranges); that is the only other sense in which
it is "in the middle".

Notes and keyboard

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Note names of musical notes keyboard piano frequencies = octave piano keys tone tones 88 notes naming standard concert pitch tuning German English system MIDI 88...

The concert pitch A4 (a) lies in the octave between C 4 (c) and C5 (c).
Some manufacturers label the 440 Hz concert pitch not correct as A3. It is A4.
Musical note A4:
http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?
i=musical+note+A4&lk=1

Name and frequency of the octave positions

A0
English
German
,,A
Frequency in Hz 27.5

A1
,A
55

A2
A
110

A3
a
220

A4
a
440

A5
A6
A7
A8
a
a a a
880 1760 3520 7040

Numbers of the lowest c note for the respective musical octave.

Ranges of some popular instruments

Instrument
Starts Stops
guitar
E2
E6
seven string guitar B1
E6
cello
C2
A6
4-string bass guitar E1
E5
piano
A0
C8
piccolo
C5
C8

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Note names of musical notes keyboard piano frequencies = octave piano keys tone tones 88 notes naming standard concert pitch tuning German English system MIDI 88...

violin

G3

E7

All piano keys

Frequencies of the equal temperament - table or chart

Octave
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
C / B# 16.352 32.703 65.406 130.813 261.626 523.251 1046.502 2093.005 4186.009 8372.018 16744.036
C# / Db 17.324 34.648 69.296 138.591 277.183 554.365 1108.731 2217.461 4434.922 8869.844 17739.688
D
18.354 36.708 73.416 146.832 293.665 587.330 1174.659 2349.318 4698.636 9397.273 18794.545
D# / Eb 19.445 38.891 77.782 155.563 311.127 622.254 1244.508 2489.016 4978.032 9956.063 19912.127
E / Fb 20.602 41.203 82.407 164.814 329.628 659.255 1318.510 2637.020 5274.041 10548.082
F / E# 21.827 43.654 87.307 174.614 349.228 698.456 1396.913 2793.826 5587.652 11175.303
F# / Gb 23.125 46.249 92.499 184.997 369.994 739.989 1479.978 2959.955 5919.911 11839.822
G
24.500 48.999 97.999 195.998 391.995 783.991 1567.982 3135.963 6271.927 12543.854
G# / Ab 25.957 51.913 103.826 207.652 415.305 830.609 1661.219 3322.438 6644.875 13289.750
A
27.500 55.000 110.000 220.000 440.000 880.000 1760.000 3520.000 7040.000 14080.000
A# / Bb 29.135 58.270 116.541 233.082 466.164 932.328 1864.655 3729.310 7458.620 14917.240
B / Cb 30.868 61.735 123.471 246.942 493.883 987.767 1975.533 3951.066 7902.133 15804.266
-

Comparing the Frequency Ratios for Equal Temperament and Pure Harmonic Series

Interval conversions - Frequency ratio to cents and vice versa

Frequencies of music Ranges - Fundamental frequencies of instruments
also the vocal range:
Pitch Start End

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Note names of musical notes keyboard piano frequencies = octave piano keys tone tones 88 notes naming standard concert pitch tuning German English system MIDI 88...

Bass
82 Hz 349 Hz
Bariton 89 Hz 392 Hz
Tenor 131 Hz 494 Hz
Alto
175 Hz 699 Hz
Soprano 247 Hz 1175 Hz
... and showing the keyboard, and the note names.

Guitar Fret Board with Notes

MIDI note numbers (midi files)

Octave notation is given here in the international standard ISO system, formerly
known as the ASA (Acoustical Society of America) or ANSI system. In this system,
middle C (MIDI note number 60) is C4; octaves start with C, so the B just below (MIDI
number 59) is B3.
The lowest note of the normal modern piano is A0 (MIDI 21), though Boesendorfer
Imperials go down to F0 or even C0. The highest note of the piano is C8 (MIDI 108).
Octave #
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

MIDI Note Numbers

C C# D D# E F F# G G# A A# B
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35
36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47
48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59
60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83
84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95
96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107
108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119
120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127

Note: The MIDI specification only defines note number 60 as "Middle C", and
all other notes are relative. The absolute octave number designations shown
here are based on Middle C = C4, which is an arbitrary assignment.
Method for finding the corresponding MIDI note number for a given
frequency: Original expression f = 440 2( n - 69) / 12
Simplification step 1: f / 440 = 2( n - 69) / 12
Simplification step 2: log 2 (f / 440) = ( n - 69) / 12
Simplification step 3: 12 log 2 (f / 440) = n 69

Formula for finding a MIDI note number given the frequency in Hz of the
http://www.sengpielaudio.com/calculator-notenames.htm[15/05/2013 21:01:25]

Note names of musical notes keyboard piano frequencies = octave piano keys tone tones 88 notes naming standard concert pitch tuning German English system MIDI 88...

MIDI note: n = (12 log 2 (f / 440)) + 69

Given the frequency f for a note in Hz, it is possible to find the
corresponding MIDI note number represented by the variable n.

One version of the MIDI system uses C3 to designate Middle C (MIDI note 60 = 261.626
Hz).
That means that the octave designation for MIDI note "0" would be "-2" or notated as C-2.
Another version of the MIDI system uses the lowest note available to the MIDI system.
MIDI note 1 = 8.176 Hz to designate Octave "0" with the notation of C0.
"Middle C" is the MIDI note 60 = 261.626 Hz. That is octave 4 with the notation of C4.

MIDI Notes and their corresponding frequencies

MIDI 60 is 261.626 Hz = C4, and not C5 or C3.
Note MIDI Hz
Note MIDI Hz
Note MIDI Hz
Note MIDI Hz
C- 0
8.176 G# 1 32 51.913 E 4 64 329.63 C 7 96 2093.0
C# - 1
8.662 A 1 33 55.000 F 4 65 349.23 C# 7 97 2217.5
D- 2
9.177 A# 2 34 58.270 F# 4 66 369.99 D 7 98 2349.3
D# - 3
9.723 B 1 35 61.735 G 4 67 391.99 D# 7 99 2489.0
E- 4
10.301 C 2 36 65.406 G# 4 68 415.31 E 7 100 2637.0
F- 5
10.913 C# 2 37 69.295 A 4 69 440.00 F 7 101 2793.8
F# - 6
11.562 D 2 38 73.416 A# 4 70 466.16 F# 7 102 2960.0
G- 7
12.250 D# 2 39 77.781 B 4 71 439.88 G 7 103 3136.0
G# - 8
12.978 E 2 40 82.406 C 5 72 523.25 G# 7 104 3322.4
A- 9
13.750 F 2 41 87.307 C# 5 73 554.37 A 7 105 3520.0
A# - 10 14.568 F# 2 42 92.499 D 5 74 587.33 A# 7 106 3729.3
B - 11 15.434 G 2 43 97.998 D# 5 75 622.25 B 7 107 3951.1
C 0 12 16.352 G# 2 44 103.82 E 5 76 659.26 C 8 108 4186.0
C# 0 13 17.324 A 2 45 110.00 F 5 77 698.46 C# 8 109 4434.9
D 0 14 18.354 A# 2 46 116.54 F# 5 78 739.99 D 8 110 4698.6
D# 0 15 19.445 B 2 47 123.47 G 5 79 783.99 D# 8 111 4978.0
E 0 16 20.601 C 3 48 130.81 G# 5 80 830.61 E 8 112 5274.0
F 0 17 21.826 C# 3 49 138.59 A 5 81 880.00 F 8 113 5587.7
F# 0 18 23.124 D 3 50 146.83 A# 5 82 932.32 F# 8 114 5919.9
G 0 19 24.499 D# 3 51 155.56 B 5 83 987.77 G 8 115 6271.9
G# 0 20 25.956 E 3 52 164.81 C 6 84 1046.5 G# 8 116 6644.9
A 0 21 27.50 F 3 53 174.61 C# 6 85 1108.7 A 8 117 7040.0
A# 0 22 29.135 F# 3 54 184.99 D 6 86 1174.7 A# 8 118 7458.6
B 0 23 30.867 G 3 55 195.99 D# 6 87 1244.5 B 8 119 7902.1
C 1 24 32.703 G# 3 56 207.65 E 6 88 1318.5 C 9 120 8372.0
C# 1 25 34.648 A 3 57 220.00 F 6 89 1396.9 C# 9 121 8869.8
D 1 26 36.708 A# 3 58 233.08 F# 6 90 1480.0 D 9 122 9397.3
D# 1 27 38.890 B 3 59 246.94 G 6 91 1568.0 D# 9 123 9956.1
E 1 28 41.203 C 4 60 261.63 G# 6 92 1661.2 E 9 124 10548.1
F 1 29 43.653 C# 4 61 277.18 A 6 93 1760.0 F 9 125 11175.3
F# 1 30 46.249 D 4 62 293.66 A# 6 94 1864.7 F# 9 126 11839.8
G 1 31 48.999 D# 4 63 311.13 B 6 95 1975.5 G 9 127 12543.9

Frequency to Musical Note Converter

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Note names of musical notes keyboard piano frequencies = octave piano keys tone tones 88 notes naming standard concert pitch tuning German English system MIDI 88...

Find out what note a given frequency is. English system.

Frequency 324

Hz

reset

What note is this?

Note E 4
Offset -29.80

cents

The frequency of 440 Hz is the concert pitch note A4.

If someone tells you different, this person is in error.

Since 1939 in many countries the valid standard pitch is

set at A4 = 440 Hz. In German and Austrian symphony
orchestras, however, a tuning for A4 = 443 Hz is
common.
In Switzerland it is A4 = 442 Hz. Herbert von Karajan
tuned his Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra at A4 = 444 Hz.
That is however, not the standard pitch.

Overtones, partials and harmonics from fundamental frequency

Frequency domain of musical instruments and voices

Interval conversions
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