Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1332-50
1
1.1
2
2.1
(Deterioration)
( )
(Drying Shrinkage)
(Autogeneous Shrinkage)
(Chemical Shrinkage)
(Capillary Tension)
(Physical Shrinkage due to Self-desiccation)
(Durability)
(Carbonation Depth)
(Maintenance-Free)
. 1332-50
(Binder)
(Service Life)
2.2
= /
B
=
C0
=
Cld
=
Cldo
=
Cllim
=
Cmin
= /
Cls
Da
= (Apparent Chloride Diffusion
Coefficient) /
= (Apparent Chloride Diffusion Coefficient)
Dk
/
= (Apparent Chloride Diffusion Coefficient)
Do
/
=
f c'
= 28
f c' ( 28 )
= /
k
= ( 2 2
kr
. 2135-2545 ... 1014-46)
. 1332-50
l
RH
S
=
=
=
=
tc
t0
t0c
tr
ts
ti
Ti
V
V/S
w
wa
w/b
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Xc
(Crack Spacing)
20C
20C
( 0 1 )
20C
Ti
ti
. 1332-50
'as ( t )
'as ( t,t0 )
'as
'
cs
( t,t0 )
'ds ( t,t0 )
'ds
'sh
t
x10-6
t0 t
x10-6
x10-6
t0 t x10-6
t0 t x10-6
x10-6
x10-6
3
3.1
3.1.1
()
()
()
3.1.2
()
()
()
()
. 1332-50
3.1.3
()
()
()
3.1.4
()
()
1)
()
2)
. 1332-50
3)
(Standard
Accelerated Test)
4)
5)
6)
7)
(
) /
/
(Standard Sulfate Expansion or Weight Loss
Test)
. 1332-50
8)
9)
10)
(Specified Accelerated Degradation Test)
3.2
( 3.2)
1.
)
) /
. 1332-50
1 ()
( 3.2)
2.
)
) /
3.
)
)
4.
5.
)
6. (
)
)
7. (
)
8.
( 100%)
9.
10.
11.
. 1332-50
( 9)
4
4.1
(4.1-)
Cmin = C0
2 ( )
( 4.1)
( w/b )
( f c' ) 28
w/b > 0.65 f c' < 20 MPa
1.2
0.45 w/b 0.65 20 MPa
w/b
< 0.45
f c'
f c'
40 MPa
> 40 MPa
1.0
0.9*
(*) 20 .
1.0
. 1332-50
3 ( C0 )
( 4.1)
()
75
1)
2)
50
16 .
40
16 .
3)
40
- 40 .
20
- 36 .
40
-
40
-
() ()
1)
40
- 40 .
20
- 36 .
50
- 40 .
40
- 19 . 36 .
30
- 16 .
. 1332-50
10
3 () ( C0 )
( 4.1)
2)
- 40 .
30
- 36 .
15
-
25
-
30
100
()
4 ( C0 )
( 4.1)
()
50
65
() ()
40
50
Cmin
Cmin
5.1 5.2
. 1332-50
11
4.2
3.2
1) ..... 0.50
2)
0.50
3)
.. 0.45
5.1 5.2
4.3
5
. 1332-50
12
5
( 4.3)
0.005 C
0.004 C
0.004 C
0.0035 C
4.4
(Chloride Ions)
(
) (CaCl2)
()
6
. 1332-50
13
6
( 4.4)
()
0.06
()
0.15
(Sea-Retaining
Walls)
()
1.00
()
0.30
ASTM C 1218/C 1218M
: Standard Test Method for Water-Soluble Chloride in Mortar and Concrete
5
5.1
-
i ( Cld + Cldo ) < Cllim
Cllim
(5.1-)
0.4
1.0
15 1.1
15
. 1332-50
14
( Cld )
C ld =
C ls 1 - erf
2 Datr
100
B
(5.1-)
( Cls ) 7
-
13.0
7
( 5.1)
(.)
100
250
500
1000
9.0
4.5
3.0
2.0
1.5
Da )
(5.1-)
200 .2 /
c
1.3 1.1
Do
. 1332-50
15
(.2/2/
(
))
0.6000
0.5000
0.4000
0.3000
0.2000
0.1000
0.0000
0.40
0.50
0.60
(1)
28-42
6
(2)
5.2
. 1332-50
16
C i Xc
1.0
15 1.1
15
X c = 1 2 k tr
(5.2-)
( Xc )
(5.2-)
1.0 0.95
( 2 ) 8
1
8
( 5.2)
0.65
0.85
1.00
2
. 1332-50
17
CO 2 Concentration (ppm)
CO2 ( ppm)
1000
800
600
400
200
0
60
70
80
humidity
(%)
Relative
(%)
90
100
2
( 5.2)
( k )
(5.2-)
k = 17.5 k r (w/b)3
( kr ) 3 (
2 2 . 2135-2545 ... 1014-46)
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
22
22
1.00
0.50
0
10
20
30
40
50
(%)
(%)
3
( 5.2)
. 1332-50
18
0.65
50
( k )
(5.2-)
0.65
50
6
6.1
()
(Ultimate Drying Shrinkage Strain) 9
10
1
9 (Ultimate Shrinkage Strain)
( 6.1)
x10-6
*
3 4 7
28
3
1
400
350
230
200
120
730
620
380
260
130
*
9 55 MPa (
70 MPa )
160-180 ./.. 350-400 ./..
150 . 9
. 1332-50
19
20 C 65 40
50
10 (Ultimate Shrinkage Strain)
( 1)
( 6.1)
x10-6
*
3 4 7
28
3
1
340
290
180
160
120
620
520
310
210
120
*
(6.1-)
55 MPa ( 70 MPa
)
'
cs
( t,t0 ) = 1 exp 0.108 ( t t0 )
0.56
V / S
RH
+ 380 loge W 50 loge
100
10
(6.1-)
'
sh
(6.1-)
45% RH 80%
130 ./.. W 230 ./..
100 . V / S 300 .
. 1332-50
20
(6.1-) 20C
20C t0
t (6.1-)
(6.1-)
t0c
i =1
tc = ti exp 13.65
4000
273 + Ti / T0
(6.1-)
T0
1C
20C ( 0-40C)
0.40-0.65
1
( 55 MPa )
(6.1-)
80 MPa
(6.1-) (6.1-)
' t,t = ' t,t + ' t,t
cs
( 0 ) ds ( 0 ) as ( 0 )
'ds ( t,t0 ) =
'ds ( t t0 )
+ ( t t0 )
4W V / S
100 + 0.7t0
(6.1-)
(6.1-)
(6.1-)
'ds
'
ds =
1 + t0
(6.1-)
'ds
(6.1-)
c (1 RH / 100 )W
500
1 + 150 exp '
f c ( 28 )
. 1332-50
21
(6.1-)
11
(1) 28
(2) 40%
(3) 1
. 1332-50
22
(6.2-)
(6.2-)
1 1
( 'as ) (6.2-)
b
(6.2-)
a b 12
12 a b (6.2-)
( 6.2)
W /C
0.20
0.23
0.30
0.40
> 0.50
1.2
1.5
0.6
0.1
0.03
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.7
0.8
(6.1-)
7
2 /
. 1332-50
23
7.1
13
14
13
( 7.1)
(SO42-)
(ppm)
(% )
150
0.1
150 1500
0.1 0.2
1500 10000
0.2 2.0
10000
2.0
14
( 7.1)
2 5 1
0.50
5 1
0.45
1 5
0.40
1
5 ()
4
. 1332-50
24
,%
,
(% )
50
45
w/b=0.40
w/b = 0.40
w/b = 0.45
w/b=0.45
w/b = 0.50
w/b=0.50
40
35
w/b = 0.55
w/b=0.55
30
25
20
15
2
8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
CaO
,
% )
CaO
, (
%
4 1
( 7.1)
7.2
15
16
15
( 7.2)
(ppm)
300
300 1000
1000 3000
3000
. 1332-50
25
16
( 7.2)
1 2 5
0.50
5
0.45
5
0.40
(1)
(2) 0.35
8
48 (.. 2540)
.. 2522
17
17 ( C0 )
( 8)
()
40
1) 300
40
2)
300
40
3) 300
20
4) 115
. 1332-50
26
17 () ( C0 )
( 8)
()
75
1)
2)
115
- 200 (unrestrained)
65
- 300 (unrestrained)
50
- 200 (restrained)
45
- 300 (restrained)
40
3) 115
4) 115
40
- (unrestrained)
20
- (restrained)
1.
( 2) .. 2550
2. 48 (.. 2540) .. 2522
1
50
20 . 600
ppm 70%
3 ( C0 ) = 20 . [ ()
16 .]
. 1332-50
27
Cmin = C0
2 = 1.0 w/b 0.45-0.65
28 20-40 MPa
Cmin = C0 = 1.0 x 20 = 20 .
(5.2-)
Cmin i X c
( i ) = 1.1
15
Xc
Cmin
20
1.1
18.18
Xc
Xc
------------(1)
X c = 1 2 k tr
(5.2-)
( 1 ) = 1.0 []
( 2 ) = 1.0 ( 2
600 ppm 70%
8 2 = 1.0)
( k ) (5.2-)
k = 17.5 k r (w/b)3
1 1
3
kr = 1.0
. 1332-50
28
( w/b 2 )
1
0.53 2 20
0.46 20 .
2
20 Girder (Jetty)
4
( C0 ) = 65 . [ ()]
Cmin = C0
2 = 1.0 w/b 0.45-0.65
28 20-40 MPa
Cmin = C0 = 1.0 x 65 = 65 .
(5.1-)
i ( Cld + Cldo ) < Cllim
( Cllim ) = 0.4 %
( i ) = 1.1
15
Cldo = 0
() ( Cld )
Cld <
Cllim
0.4
1.1
< 0.364
Cld <
Cld
(5.1-)
C ls 1 - erf
C ld =
------------(1)
Cmin
2 Datr
100
B
. 1332-50
29
- 7
( B ) = 350 ./.3
1 - erf
Cls
= 13.0 ./.3
=
2 D t C ls 100
13
100
a
r
Cmin
erf
= 1 0.098 = 0.902
2 D t
a
r
Cmin = 1.17
2 Datr
Cmin
6.5
Da =
= 0.621
=
2 1.17 t 2 1.17 20
r
Da = 0.6212 = 0.386
------------(2)
(5.1-)
Da = c Dk +(w/l) (w/wa )2 D0
5
( wa ) = 0.0035 x 65
= 0.23 .
( w ) = 0.23 .
( wa ) ()
( l ) = 300 . (
)
( D0 ) = 200 .2/
( c ) = 1.3
2
Da = (1.3 x Dk ) + [(0.23 / 300)(0.23 / 0.23) (200)]
Da = 1.3 Dk + 0.153
------------(2)
(2) = (3)
0.386 = 1.3 Dk + 0.153
Dk = (0.386 0.153) / 1.3 = 0.179
1 Dk w/b
Dk = 0.179 w/b = 0.465
20
. 1332-50
30
1 0.465
65 .
3
7, 30 60
1 0.3
t ( 'as (t ) )
(6.2-)
30C t
(6.1-)
(7 )
i =1
= ti exp 13.65
= 7 exp 13.65
4000
273 + Ti / T0
4000
273 + 30
= 11
t
i =1
= 30 exp 13.65
4000
273 + 30
= 47
t
i =1
= 60 exp 13.65
4000
273 + 30
= 94
( ts ) 1
= 0.3
( 'as ) (6.2-)
'as = 3070 exp {7.2 (W / C )}
= 3070 exp (-7.2 x 0.3)
= 354
1 b = 1
12 = 0.3 a = 0.6 b = 0.5
. 1332-50
31
7 ( 'as ( 7 ) )
0.5
} = 301
30 ( 'as (30) )
0.5
} = 348
60 ( 'as ( 60) )
0.5
} = 353
4
30 60 0.65
(.. 180 ./..)
75% 7
( V / S ) = 150 .
28 55 MPa (6.1-)
'
cs
( t,t0 ) = 1 exp 0.108 ( t t0 )
0.56
'
sh
30C t t0
(6.1-)
t0
(7 )
i =1
= ti exp 13.65
= 7 exp 13.65
4000
273 + Ti / T0
4000
273 + 30
= 11
t
(30 )
i =1
= ti exp 13.65
= 30 exp 13.65
4000
273 + Ti / T0
4000
273 + 30
= 47
t
i =1
= 60 exp 13.65
4000
273 + 30
= 94
( RH ) = 75%
. 1332-50
32
( W ) = 180 ./..
( V / S ) = 150 .
( 'sh ) (6.1-)
V / S
RH
+ 380 loge W 50 loge
100
10
'sh
75
150
= 500 + 780 1 exp
+ 380 log e (180 ) 50 log e
100
10
= 235
30 ( 7 ) ( cs' ( 30,7 ) )
'
cs
( 30,7 ) = 1 exp 0.108 ( 47 11)
0.56
} 235 = 130
60 ( 7 ) ( cs' ( 60,7 ) )
'
cs
( 60,7 ) = 1 exp 0.108 ( 94 11)
0.56
} 235 = 170
. 1332-50
33