Let us see the basic behavior of an 3 phase induction motor in short, An induction motor is an energy conversion device, converting

electrical energy into mechanical energy and some heat energy. For an induction motor, torque is proportional to the motor terminal voltage squared. (V . !o, for e"ample, half the voltage produces a quarter of the torque.

#he induction motor has t$o basic functions to fulfil % &. #o accelerate itself and its load to full speed. '. #o maintain the load at full speed efficiently and effectively over the full range of loading

#he load starting torque is usually near (ero, an induction motor $ill develop far too much torque $hen connected directly to the supply. !o, At the instant of start)up, there is an un)necessary heavy po$er surge on both the electrical supply and the mechanical drive components #he un$anted*e"cess torque generated is as sho$n by the shaded areain the figure belo$

#he mechanical effects #he sudden mechanical impact at start up on the load, follo$ed by the rapid acceleration to full speed causes e"cessive $ear on %) ++ ,elts and pulleys ++ -ears and chains ++ .ouplings and bearings and %) ++ .avitations in pumps etc........

#he electrical effects #he electrical impact of large starting current can be severe enough to cause% ++ Large voltage dips and damage to computers / other electronic equipment on the line. ++ !upply voltage drops in case of $ea0 supply and thus affect the entire operation or community. ++ 1itting and burning of s$itching contacts due to high currents $hich are many times the motor full)load current. ++ 2ncreased line losses. ++ 3is0 of e"ceeding sanctioned ma"imum demand. -o to top #hese un$anted 4echanical / 5lectrical effects can result in substantial additional cost to the company due to% ++ 4ore frequent and unscheduled maintenance. ++ -reater chance of unscheduled shutdo$ns 6 productivity loss ++ 7versi(ed mechanical and electrical components to cater for the po$er surge on start up. ++ !hort component life.

8tility 3estrictions As utility po$er systems continue to be run at ma"imum capacity, the effect of starting motors across the line can put stress on the factory9s po$er distribution system. #he lights go dim, process control systems can fail or trip out or you may be restricted as to $hen and ho$ often you are allo$edto start the motor. And this all :ust because of the heavy current dra$n by the motor during starting.

#here are several factors to be considered $hile selecting the starting equipment for any electric motor driven load. #hese include% &. #he source of po$er and the effects, the motor starting currents $ill have on the source and the stability of the system voltage. '. #he starting and brea0do$n torque characteristics of the motor (motor speed torque characteristics 3. #he motor starting characteristics (torque that correspond to the motor best suited to the load characteristics at full load and speed. ;. #he starting characteristics of motor torque, load torque, accelerating load torque (load inertia the motor acceleration and running torque of the driven load. <. #he available short circuit capacity of the distribution system. =. 1rocess considerations% shoc0, vibration, mechanical hammer, the control and maintenance of different starting methods. #he initial inrush currents, loc0ed rotor currents and the resulting torque values produced are the factors that determine $hether the motor can be applied directly across the line, or $hether the current has to be reduced to get the required performance to match the load requirements and*or utility line voltage flic0er or voltage dip specifications. -o to top #here are three basic methods for starting fi"ed speed 3 > A. motor, & Full Voltage !tarting ? @7LA ' 3educed Voltage !tarting ? !7F# !#A#53A 3 1art Binding !tarting ?A8#7#3AC!F73453A !oft !tarter falls under the 'nd method. Bhere the motor terminal voltage is gradually increased $ith either electronically or by using DF!3 method, A care is al$ays ta0en that the motor torque $ill be al$ays greater than that of load requirement, Co$, in short, to avoid all the ill effect mentioned above, the right device $hich should be used for motor starting is called as !oft !tarter #he 3esult is %) ++ 2n a simple, reliable and cost effective piece of equipment, all the problems of electro)mechanical starting have been banished to the pastE ++ 7ptimising continually monitors the motor to improve the part)load efficiency by reducing the degree of over)flu"ing of the stator. ++ #he part load pF of the motor is improved. ++ #his produces a significant reduction in 0VAr and 0VA, as $ell as a useful reduction in 0B. ++ 5lectrical losses in the stator and feed cables are reduced. ++ 4otor performance is unimpaired. ++ #here is virtually no fi"ed)speed application of an induction motor $hich cannot benefit from the fitting of a Fayashree soft)starter. ++ 2n particular, pumps and pumping systems benefit from the soft)stop feature and the reduction in cavitations effects.