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AECL EACL
AECL CANDU EACL CANDU ,~
REFEIRENCE1
Fundamentals of CANDU Reactor Nuclear Design A Lecture Series given at Trieste 22 January 28 March 1980,
TDAI-244
1980 August
Aoiit 1980
UNRESTRICTED
TDAI-244
FUNDAMENTALS
OF
CANDU
REACTOR
NUCLE.43
DESIGN
A Lecture
Series
by A.A. Pasanen
ABSTRACT
the
material
presented and of
Nuclear
Physics part
They
constitute
Physics are of
March. week's
written
Water
Reactors". pertaining of of
However,
second of
week
Operations, Distributions"
Methods
Calculation overview
also
covered
in this
CANDU
of
a CANOU on.the
reactor
of
the and
600
NWe
size
particular
core
design used
methodology
in the
design
process
Finally,
is outlined, the
of
:he
analysis
presented.
determination and
fuel
load
is described
and,the are
physics
analysis
with
commissioning
summarized.
ATOMIC
ENERGY OF CANADA LIMITED ENGINEEXING SHERIDAN PARK aESEARCH CONtlUNlTY HISSISSAUGA, GNTARID LSK IBZ
COMPANY
TDAI -244
CONTENTS
PAGE
ABSTRACT 1.0 2.0 INTRODUCTION PHYSICAL 2.1 2.2 The DESCRIPTION Pressure OF THE CANOU-600 Concept 1
2 2
3 3 6 7
Tube
Reactor
2.3
2.4
Reactivity Core 2.4.1 2.4.2 2.4.3 2.4.4 2.4.5 2.4.6 2.4.7 2.4.a Design
Liquid
a 9 10 11 11
Rod Absorber
Poison
Systems Rods
Poison
Injection
11
12 26 26 26 27 27 27 27
3.0
METHODOLOGY 3.1 Sumnary 3.1.1 3.1.2 3.1.3 3.1.4 3.1.5 3.1.6 3.1.7 3.1.8 3.2
Of Reactivity
And Control
2a
And Managemen:
28 2a 29 29
29
TDAI-244
PAGE
3.2.2.1
Calculation
Of Lattice
Parameters
30 30 33
For
Functional Description Of Lattice Parameter Programs SpeciaI Features CANOLI Applications Calculations Data For
36 36 37 38 38 39 40 40 40 42
liodelling In-Core Of 42 Devices 46 56
3.2.2.2.1 3.2.2.2.2
3.2.2.2.3 3.2.2.2.4
Four-Factor
Fuel Temperature Reactivity Effects Coolant Temperature Reactivity Effects Loss-Of-Coolant Reactivity Effect Hoderator Reactivity Temperature Effect
3.2.3.1
3.2.3.2
3.2.3.2.1 3.2.3.2.2
3.2.4
Time
Dependent Xenon
3.2.4.1
3.2.4.2 3.2.4.3
Loss
3.2.5
4.0 INITIAL FUEL General
On-Line LOAOING
DEiERHINATlON
4.1
4.2
Criteria For Determining Characteristics 4.2.1 4.2.2 Fuel Use Bundle of Dummy Of Ttw
Initial
106
106
107 107
4.3
Determination CANDU-600
TOAl-
PAGE
5.0
PHYSICS
5.1 5.2
ANAlySlS
General Physics 5.2.1 5.2.2
AND ZSTS
RELATE0
TO
COHHlSSlONlNti
I21 121
5.2.3
5.2.4 5.2.5 5.2.6
Reactivity Calibration Shutoff Rods Calibration Calibration Flux Mapping Calibrations Dynamic Heat Tests System Of Of
125
Control Adjuster Absorbers Rods I26 126
ilechanical Individual
Measurements Of Groups Of
And
5.2.1
5.2.a 5.2.9 5.2.10
Transport
Moderator Some
Typical
Power For
Critical
System
Rynamic
Flux Zone
Measurements Cali~bration
5.2.10.4 BIBLIOGRAPHY
TDAI-244
LIST
OF
FIGURES
NUM6EFi
TITLE
PAGE
13 14 15 16
Assenbiy - Elevation (Section)
Calandria GA Plan
General Layout Of
17
Ia
Lattice Pitch For CANDU-PHW
Reactivity
With
I9
Fourteen Assemblies 20 Detectors Assembly Locations SDS1 and With Respect To 21 Locations - View SDS2 22
Relation Of Zone Control Units (ZCU).To The Zones And The Reactor Zone Control Detector
18. 23, 25
Zone Control
flapping
I
(Top,View)
23 24 25
CaIandria (Continued)
Plan
Detectors
View
Chart For
Physics Fuel
Analysis
Of
PtiW
6a
63
Z&Element Uranium Versus Pttch 28-Element Uranium Versus Pitch Z&Element Temperature Uranium Versus
Buckling
70
Wescott-R Neutron
72
Flux
Z&Element Uranium Oxide Lattice Ratio Of Thermal In Moderator To Thermal Flux In Fuel Versus Pitch 37-Element Uranium Versus Pit& 37-Element Versus Uranium Oxide Oxide Lattice, Lattice, Material Fuel Buckling
73
14
Wescott-R
75 76
3j'-Element Temperature
TDAI-244
LIST
OF FIGURES TITLE
(C0NTl0)
NUMBER
PAGE
3.2-5
3.2-10
28-Element Uranium Oxide Material Buck1 ing Versus 37-Element Uranium Oxide Material 6uckling Versus
Void Void
Of
77
Of
78 75
LJ02 80 81 82 Fuel Temperature
3.2-11
3.2-12 3.2-13 3.2-14 3.2-15 3.2-16 3.2-17 3.2-18 3.2-15 3.2-20 3.2-21
Eundle Average Nuclide Ratios, Comparison flodified POWDERPUFS-V and Experiment Power Density Fuel Pins Variation Fuel Djstribution In Single With
Pickering Irradiation
Of Lattice
Parameters
Reactivity
Coefficient The
83 84
Temperature
85
86
Power
Reactivity
Temperature Of Boron
87 88 85
Node1
3.2-22
3.2-23 3.2-24 3.2-25 3.2-26
600 NW Reactor Model Face And Water Levels Assumed 600 HW Reactor Zone Controller Typical Kodel Supercell Used
50
Adjuster And
51 52 53
In Sample
Comparison Between Heasured And CaIcuiated Radial Flux Distribution In The Bruce A Core With 28 Shutoff Units Asyrmnetricaliy Inserted Transient After System Operating Reactor 30 Min. Foison A Refuelling During Perturbation, A Startup Zone Control
54
3.2-27
55
Following A
3.2-28
3.2-25 3.2-30
56
57
For Studying Worth Of
98
TDAI-244
LIST
OF
FIGURES
(CONT'D)
NUMBER
TITLE
PAGE
3.2-31 3.2-32
SDS2 CANDU
Tess
6 Tanks
- Simplified And Flow Core Oiagram Reactivity For 100%
99
100 101 to2
Reactor
3.2-33
3.2-34
Reactivity Of Power
103
104 104A
3.ce_Reactivity Of j7-Element
vs Time Oepleted
Reactivity Irradiation
110
Excess Reactivity Simula:ions Bundie Bundle Power Power During lnitiai Burnup 111 Distribution Distribution at 0 FPD Distribution at at 40 40 FPD at at 0 FPO 0 FPD 112
Radial Radial
Bundle
Power Radial
Radial
Bundle
Distribution At 40 FPD
FPD
Bundle
Power Radial
at IO0
IO0 FPO
FPD
Radial
Bundle
Bundle Bundle
Power
Power
Showing
Initial IZOB
5.2-1 5.2-1.1
Poison
Load
Versus Of
Inverse
Count
Rate,
Channel
135 136
For
Arrangement
Start-Up
5:2-1.2
5.2-2
'137
CSannel
Critical,
138
NUMBE%
TITLE
PAGE
5.2-3 5.2-4 5.2-5 5.2-6 5.2-7 5.2-a 5.2-9 5.2~_10 5.2-11 5.2-12 5.2-13 5.2-i4 5.2-15 5.2-16 5.2-17
Channel
D Incore
BF3
139 140 141 SDS1 Test - 28 Rods I42 143. I44 145 14& 147 14a I49 150 Activation Data 151 152 153
J SDS2
Calculated Calibrations
Flux Distribution
Controller
TDAI -244
LIST
OF TA8LES
PAGE
2.3-1 3.2.3-1
Reactivity
Devices
Uorths
Lattice Cross-Sections Fast and Slow Neutrons Measured Adjuster Heesured Control Heasured Pickering And CaJculaced Rods
Versus
43
Reactivity Worth Of RAPS
3.2.3-2
52
Worth Of Zone
3.2.3-3
And Calculated Reactivity Rods In Pickering A And Calculated Shutoff Rods Reactivity
53
Worth Of 54
3.2.3-4
Data
Relating
To Bruce 55