Subjonctivul (The Subjunctive)

Cum se identifica
Subjonctivul se foloseste cand avem : o actiune posibila in viitor o actiune nerealizata (ireala) in trecut sau prezent o recomandare, un sfat Exemple It is necessary that the work be done. (recomandare, sfat, deci A !" subjonctiv) #e s$eaks as if he were not from %ucharest. (situatie ireala in $re&ent, deci A !" subjonctiv) El vorbeste ca si cum nu ar fi din Bucuresti, dar e din Bucuresti. #e s$eaks as if he is not from %ucharest. (situatie reala in $re&ent, deci '( A !" subjonctiv) El vorbeste ca si cum nu ar fi din Bucuresti, dar nici nu e din Bucuresti. It)s time you went to bed. (recomandare, sfat, deci A !" subjonctiv) Comentarii Subjonctivul in en*le&a se formea&a cu : a) infinitivul scurt al verbului 1) du$a constructii ca: It is necessary, It is advisable, It is recommendable, It is possible, It is unsure, It is probable( ca si formularile de *enul "He recommends", "He advices", "He requests" )+ 2) in $ro$o&itii de sco$ (so that ...)+ e,.: -ome earlier so that you find him at home. (forma americana) -ome earlier so that you can find him at home. (forma britanica) 3) in $ro$o&itii concesive ( however ... )+ e,.: I *o there however difficult it be. ) in e,clamatii afective: e,.: %less you . !) In formulas (short infinitive): Long live the queen. ( r!iasc! regina"# $o be it. (%&a s! fie.# Come 'hat may. ((ie ce o fi.# $uffice it to say. (Este suficient de )is.# Be that as it may. ((ie ce o fi.# $ay 'hat you 'ill. ($pune ce vrei.# b) forma de "#ast $ense" a verbului, $entru a e,$rima: 1) un re*ret $re&ent I wish I knew her address. ( ... nu/i stiu adresa si re*ret)+ If only he 'as faithful to me" (0ac1 mi/ar fi fidel.) If only I had *no'n about her mischance" (0ac1 a2 fi 2tiut de *hinionul ei.) 2) ceva ce e ireal in $re&ent (cu constructiile 3as if3, 3as though3)+ 3) $referinta (cind se folosesc constructiile 3'ould rather+ sooner3, 3it is time3, "had better", "I,d prefer"). -ou had better go home. ("ai bine ai mer*e acas1.) I.d prefer if you didn.t go. (A2 $refera s1 nu mer*i.) c) forma de "#ast #erfecte $ense" a verbului, $entru a e,$rima un re*ret vis/a/vis de o actiune anterioara tim$ului din $ro$o&itia $rinci$ala: e,.: I wish(ed) you had written to him. (As dori4 As fi dorit ca tu sa/i fi scris lui.) d) alte forme de imperativ% $omebody bring me a glass of 'ater" (-ineva s1 5mi aduc1 un $ahar cu a$1.) /ome on everybody, leave the room" (#aide6i, toat1 lumea s1 $1r1seasc1 5nc1$erea.)

e) &fter verbs expressin' a desire that someone should do somethin': as*, advise, desire, intend, order, recommend, request, require, suggest, urge, 'ant0 after verbs e,$ressin* $lans: arrange, leave 'ord, pland+ after adjectives e,$ressin* feelin*s: an1ious, 'illing, eager, pleased, glad. hey demanded that the meeting be held in our ne' conference room. (Au cerut ca 5nt7lnirea s1 se 6in1 5n sala nou1 de conferin6e.) 2e planned that they should see the room beforehand. (Am $l1nuit s1 vedem camera 5nainte.) $he 'as an1ious that they should see her dancing. (!ra emo6ionat1 c1 o vor vedea dans7nd.) f) cu "ma()mi'ht" 3ay you live long" (S1 tr1ie2ti mult.) Ho'ever tired might he be, he must come do'n. (8ric7t de obosit ar fi, trebuie s1 vin1 jos.) &lte comentarii% i) 9orma de 3:ast Tense3 a lui 3to be3 este 3were3+ ii) in constructiile cu 3for ; subiect3 se foloseste forma lun*a a infinitivului: It)s time for you to 'o to bed. iii) :entru a vedea cum se formea&a subjonctivul in $ro$o&itiile conditionale dati click $e linkurile de mai jos: -onditional in Trecut (Ireal) -onditional in :re&ent (Ireal) -onditional in iitor (Ireal) iv) In en*le&a americana, in $ro$o&itia subordonata introdusa de 3that" cand $ro$o&itia $rinci$ala e,$rima o recomandare, deci&ie, cerere, s$eranta, intentie sau sur$rindere. hey recommended that he pay more attention to class. (I/au recomandat s1 fie mai atent la lec6ie.) hey hoped that he be elected 4resident. (Au s$erat s1 fie ales $re2edinte.) hey suggested that our flo'ers be put into a vase. (Au su*erat ca florile noastre s1 fie $use 5n va&1.) v) if need be inseamna if it is necessar( If need be she can al'ays tell him the truth. (<a nevoie, 5i $oate s$une oric7nd adev1rul.) *+#E,&$*-./ *0 E01/E2& Cum se identifica erbele din infinitiv se *asesc in $ro$o&itii e,clamative ce re$re&inta ordine, sfaturi ce trebuiesc e,ecutate. Exemple <et him *o . ( Lasa5l sa se duca " # <ock the door . ( Incuie usa " # =o there . ( 6u5te acolo " # <et me know . (6a5mi voie sa stiu "# 0on)t worry be ha$$y. 7u te ingri8ora, fii fericit" <eave me alone . Lasa5ma in pace" Take it easy . 9sor "