Philosophical Foundation Of Education

Posted by saicebrian on November 22, 2009

25 Votes

Original Philosophy
School of Thought

REALISM

Thinkers:

Aristotle Harris Broudy John oc!e John "omenius Johann Henrich Pestalo##i Jean Jac$ues %osseu

Assumptions

%eality is &hat &e observe' ()*erience e)ists only in the *hysical &orld' +ind is li!e a mirror receivin, ima,es only -rom the *hysical &orld' Nature is a *rimary sel-.evident reality, a startin, *oint in *hiloso*hi#in,' /nvesti,atin, and reasonin, are im*ortant in any e--ective ad0ustment to the real &orld in the control oe)*erience'

Role of Teachers

Hel* develo* initiative and ability to control e)*eriences' Hel* reali#e that they can enter into the meanin, o- their e)*eriences 1he students &ould be tau,ht -actual in-ormation -or mastery'

Models Strategies

3' 2' 6' 7'

1he use o- 2cienti-ic +ethods 4e-inin, the *roblem 5bservin, -actors related to *roblem Hy*othesi#in, 1estin, the hy*othesis

Educational Aim

3' 2' 6' 7'

8ives direction and -orm to individual9s basic *otentialities' 4etermines the direction o- the individual9s inherited tendencies' Provide an education that could *roduce a ,ood individual and a ,ood society by meetin, 7 *rinci*al need o- an individual' A*titude needs 2el-.determination needs 2el-.reali#ation needs' 2el-.inte,ration needs

!urriculum Emphasis

2tudy habits %esearch s!ills ibrary s!ills (valuation 5bservation ()*erimentation Analytical and critical thin!in,

School of Thought

I"EALISM

Thinkers:

Plato 2ocrates %ene 4ecartes

Assumptions

(m*hasi#e the im*ortance o- mind, soul and s*irit' Believes in re-ined &isdom' Based on the vie& that reality is a &orld &ithin a *erson9s mind' 2chools e)ist to shar*en the mind and intellectual *rocesses' 5ne o- the oldest school o- thou,hts &ith its ori,in traced bac! to Plato9s ideas'

Role of Teachers

1ransmitter o- !no&led,e "hie- source o- ins*iration "reator o- educational environment :teacher.centered;'

Models Strategies

ecture.4iscussion +ethod ()cursion <uestion +ethod Pro0ect +ethod

Educational Aim

1o develo* the individual s*iritually, mentally, and morally'

!urriculum Emphasis

2ub0ect +atter o- mind:

literature history *hiloso*hy mathematics arts

School of Thought

PRA#MATISM E$PERIME%TALISM EMPERI!ISM

Thinkers:

John 4e&ey "harles 2anders Peirce =illiam James %ichard %orty

Assumptions

"onservative *hiloso*hy Primarily an American *hiloso*hy' >ocuses on re-lective thin!in,' 1he !no&led,e *rocess, the relationshi* o- ideas into action' (ncoura,es *eo*le to -ind *rocesses that &or! in order to attain desired ,oals' +a!es use o- e)*erience as a source o- !no&led,e

Role of Teachers

?ee*s order in the class >acilitates ,rou* &or!

(ncoura,es and o--ers su,,estions, $uestions and hel* in *lannin, "urriculum *lanner'

Models Strategies

()*erimental +ethods

o o o o o o o o o o
Educational Aim

2tatement o- the *roblem Hy*othesi#in, /nvesti,atin, or data ,atherin, 1estin, hy*othesis >ormin, conclusions "reative and constructive *ro0ects >ield tri*s aboratory &or! Activity.centered 2tudent.centered activities

>or social e--iciency' 1rain the students to continuously and actively $uest -or in-ormation and *roduction o- ne& ideas needed to ad0ust to the ever.chan,in, society'

!urriculum Emphasis

"reation o- ne& social order /nte,rated and based on the *roblem o- society :N"B12 based;' 2ub0ects are interdisci*linary'

Traditional !onser&ati&e Philosophy

School of Thought

PERE%%IALISM

Thinkers:

%obert +aynard Hutchins +ortimer Jerome Adler Jac$ues +aritain

Assumptions

+ost "onservative *hiloso*hy (ducation -ocuses on develo*in, rationality' (ducation is *re*aration -or li-e, and the students should be tau,ht o- the &orld9s *ermanencies throu,h structured studies' 1ruths are constant and universal'

2tudents must ac$uire !no&led,e o- unchan,in, *rinci*les'

Role of Teachers

?no&n +aster o- 4isci*line' 2ource o- !no&led,e :teacher.centered;'

Models Strategies

2ub0ect.centered' +ethods o- disci*linin, the mind throu,h readin, and discussion +emori#ation to develo* mastery'

Educational Aim

1o develo* *o&er o- thou,ht, internali#e truths that are universal and constant'

!urriculum Emphasis

8reat ideas or universal *rinci*les' >ocused on arts and sciences'

School of Thought

ESSE%TIALISM TRA"ITIO%ALISM !O%SER'ATISM

Thinkers:

Plato ?arl Po**er John 2tuart +ill =illiam Ba,ley

Assumptions

Assumes that values are embedded in the universe &aitin, to be discovered and understood' earnin, is relatively static, since there is only one &ay to understand the &orld that is already &ritten in the boo! :te)tboo! a**roach to learnin,;' 2tudy o- !no&led,e and s!ills based on the boo! is im*erative to become *roductive member o- the society'

Role of Teachers

Base the lesson to the boo!' Pre*are &ell.or,ani#ed lesson to *rove that he is an authority o- instruction'

Models Strategies

4eductive method 4rill method %ecitation +emori#ation

Educational Aim

Provide sound trainin, o- the -undamental s!ills' 4evelo* individual to *er-orm 0ustly, s!ill-ully and ma,nanimously'

!urriculum Emphasis

(m*hasis on essential s!ills in readin,, &ritin, and countin,' Hard sciences and vocational courses'

!ontemporary Philosophy
School of Thought

PRO#RESSI'ISM

Thinkers:

=illiam Heard ?il*atric! John 4e&ey

Assumptions

()actly o**osite o- *erennialism' Assumes that the &orld chan,es' earner must be tau,ht to be inde*endent, sel-.reliant thin!er, learn to disci*line himsel-, be res*onsible -or the conse$uences o- his actions' (m*hasi#e on the conce*t o- *ro,ress &hich asserts that human bein,s are ca*able o- im*rovin, and *er-ectin, their environment' "urriculum must be derived -rom the needs and interests o- the students'

Role of Teachers

Acts as a resource *erson 8uide or -acilitator o- learnin, :student.centered;' 1eaches students ho& to learn and become active *roblem solvers' 1eachers *rovide e)*eriences that &ill ma!e students active and not *assive'

Models Strategies

"oo*erative learnin, strate,ies' %e-lective strate,ies Problem solvin, strate,ies'

Educational Aim

1o *rovide the learner the necessary s!ills to be able to interact &ith his ever chan,in, environment'

!urriculum Emphasis

Activity and e)*erience centered on li-e -unctions'

School of Thought

E$ISTE%TIALISM E$PERIME%TALISM

Thinkers:

2oren Aabye ?ier!e,aard Jean.Paul 2artre

Assumptions

+an has no -i)ed nature and he sha*es his bein, as he lives' +an e)ists o- his o&n choice' %eality is &hat you e)*erience' 2chool e)ists to discover and e)*and society &e live in' 2tudents study social e)*eriments and solve *roblems' ()istence *recedes essence'

Role of Teachers

8ood *rovider o- e)*eriences' (--ective $uestioner' +ental disci*linarian' "reates an atmos*here -or active interaction' 4iscuss the di--erent situations based on each individual e)*eriences'

Models Strategies

/n$uiry A**roach <uestion.Ans&er +ethod

Educational Aim

1o train an individual -or si,ni-icant and meanin,-ul e)istence'

!urriculum Emphasis

2ub0ect.centered' Arts -or aesthetic e)*ression Humanities -or ethical values'

School of Thought

RE!O%STR(!TIO%ALISM

Thinkers:

1heodore Brameld 8eor,e 2ylvester "ounts Paulo %e,lus Neves >reire /van /llich

Assumptions

+an to a si,ni-icant de,ree *lan and control his society' 2ociety is in need o- constant reconstruction' 2ocial chan,e involves a reconstruction o- education and the use o- education in reconstructin, society' +an!ind has the intellectual, technolo,ical, and moral *otential to create a &orld civili#ation o- abundance, health and human ca*acity'

Role of Teachers

ead the learners in desi,nin, *ro,rams -or social, educational, *ractical and economic chan,e' Primary a,ent o- social chan,e' /nitiates lively discussions on controversial issues, *olitical and educational' (nables the learners to critically e)amine their cultural herita,e'

Models Strategies

"ommunity.based *ro0ects Problem.oriented method

Educational Aim

(ducation is based on the $uest -or better society' (ducation enlivens the students9 a&areness o- di--erent societal *roblems'

!urriculum Emphasis

2tresses learnin, that enable the individual to live in a ,lobal milieu' "ontroversial national and international issues' (m*hasis on social sciences and social research methods@ e)amination o- social, economic and *olitical *roblems' >ocused on *resent and -uture trends'