Three Phase AC Induction Motor Objective: 1. To operate a three-phase AC induction Motor with its AC driver. 2.

To study and analyze the relationship between speed, current, power factor and efficiency of a three-phase AC induction motor. Equipment and Part: Equipment 1. Three-phase AC drive 2. Three-phase AC induction motor 3. Digital multimeter 4. Ammeter 5. AC voltmeter 6. Contactor 7. Selector switch 8. Tacho meter 9. Cable Introduction An AC generator produce a single sinusoidal voltage for each rotation of the rotor is referred as single phase AC generator. If the number of coils on the rotor is increased in specified manner, this is a polyphase AC generator which produce more than 1 AC phase voltage per rotation of rotor. In this experiment, the motor used is three phase AC induction motor. In real, three phase system is preferable for the transmission of power. This is due to thinner conductor, lighting lines and supporting structure and others reason. Thinner conductor can be used to transmit same kVA at the same voltage which reduces the amount of copper required and in turn reduces construction and maintenance costs. The lighter lines are easier to install and the supporting structures can be less massive and further apart. In addition, it is essentially self-starting and do not require a special design or additional starting circuitry. An electrical motor is a device which converts electrical energy into a mechanical energy. Most widely used motor is three phase induction motor as this type of motor does not require any starting device or we can say they are self-starting induction motor. The basic feature of this motor consists of two major parts, which is stator and rotor. Stator of three phase induction motor is made up of numbers of slots to construct a 3 phase winding circuit. Its winding circuit is connected to 3 phase AC source. The three phase windings are arranged in such a manner in the slots that they produce a rotating magnetic field after AC is given to them. Rotor of three phase induction motor made up of cylindrical laminated core with parallel slots that can carry conductors. Conductors are heavy copper or aluminum bars. It fits in each slots & they are short circuited by the end rings. The slots are not exactly made parallel to the axis of the shaft but are slotted a little

Quantity 1 1 2 3 3 1 1 1 1

skewed. This is due to the arrangement reduces magnetic humming noise & can avoid stalling of motor. The working principle of three-phase induction motor is complicate. The stator of the motor consists of overlapping windings offset by an electrical angle of 120. When the primary winding or the stator is connected to a 3 phase AC source, it establishes a rotating magnetic field which rotates at the synchronous speed. According to Faradays law an emf induced in any circuit is due to the rate of change of magnetic flux linkage through the circuit. As the rotor windings in an induction motor are either closed through an external resistance or directly shorted by end ring, and cut the stator rotating magnetic field, an emf is induced in the rotor copper bar and due to this emf a current flows through the rotor conductor.

Figure 6.1 Circuit Diagram

L Selector Switch A1 Contactor A2 N

Figure 6.2 Control Circuit

240V

Procedure 1. There is no connection at stator. The three winding resistances between U1, V1 and W1 are measured then the reading is tabulated. 2. All winding resistances to ground connection is checked. The three winding resistances between (U1-E1, V1-E and W1-E) is measured, then the reading is tabulated. 3. The equipment is set up and is connected as shown in figure 6.1 and Figure 6.2. Then the instructor is requested to check the connections. 4. The power is switch on and the potential divider is adjusted at AC drive to allow the motor running at 10 rpm. 5. The motor is run then speed, voltage, current and volt-ampere for frequency are measured and observed from 10Hz to 60Hz then the reading is tabulated. 6. The values of volt-ampere is calculated using tabulation of reading above. 7. A graph of speed against frequency and current against frequency are drawn. Both of the graphs are analyzed. Experiment result Table 6.1: Motor Winding Resistance Measured Point U1 V1 V1 W1 W1 U1 Table 6.2: Winding to Ground Resistance Measured Point U1 E V1 E W1 E Value ( ) Value ( ) 21.8 21.8 21.8

Table 6.3: Speed, voltage, current, V-A of AC Motor Frequency ( Hz ) 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 Speed ( rpm ) 300 450 600 749 898 1049 1198 1349 1499 1649 1798 Voltage ( V ) 60.3 80.7 100.9 121.2 141.1 161.5 181.2 201.0 220.6 240.1 259.1 Current ( A ) 0.65 0.63 0.63 0.62 0.62 0.61 0.61 0.61 0.60 0.60 0.45 Volt-Ampere ( VA ) 67.89 88.06 110.10 130.15 151.52 170.63 191.45 212.37 229.25 249.52 201.95

Graph 1.1 Speed against Frequency

Speed against Frequency

2000 1800 1600 1400

speed (rpm)

1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60

frequency (Hz)

Current against Frequency

0.7 0.6 0.5

current (A)

0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60

Frequency (Hz)

Graph 1.2 Current against Frequency

Calculation When F = 10 Hz, VL=60.3, IL=0.65, S= VL IL = (60.3) (0.65) = 67.89 VA When F = 15 Hz, VL=80.7, IL=0.63, S= VL IL = (80.7) (0.63) = 88.06 VA When F = 20 Hz, VL=100.9, IL=0.63, S= VL IL = (100.9) (0.63) = 110.10 VA When F = 25 Hz, VL=121.2, IL=0.62, S= VL IL = (121.2) (0.62) = 130.15 VA When F = 30 Hz, VL=141.1, IL=0.62, S= VL IL = (141.1) (0.62) = 151.52 VA

When F = 35 Hz, VL=161.5, IL=0.61, S= VL IL = (161.5) (0.61) = 170.63 VA When F = 40 Hz, VL=181.2, IL=0.61, S= VL IL = (181.2) (0.61) = 191.45 VA When F = 45 Hz, VL=201.0, IL=0.61, S= VL IL = (201.0) (0.61) = 212.37 VA When F = 50 Hz, VL=220.6, IL=0.60, S= VL IL = (220.6) (0.60) = 229.25 VA When F = 55 Hz, VL=240.1, IL=0.60, S= VL IL = (240.1) (0.60) = 249.52 VA When F = 60 Hz, VL=259.1, IL=0.45, S= VL IL = (259.1) (0.45) = 201.95 VA

Discussion

Conclusion Precaution