Seminar 4 PhD Lecturer Ionela NEAGU The noun (substantivul) The plural of nouns: C UNTA!

LE N UNS (substantive numarabile)" -re#ular plural (Noun$ %s&es" girls, matches) -I''EGULA' (lural: a) man men; woman women; child children; ox oxen; mouse mice; goose geese; tooth teeth; b) leaf leaves; wife wives; knife knives; scarf scarves; c) deer deer; sheep sheep; trout trout; fish fish; fruit fruit; d) brother brethren (in a religious communit ); e) police(!politie, politai), people(!oameni), cattle(!vite) unmar)e* (lural "olitia il cauta de doua #ile$ The police have been looking for him for two da s$ (verb la plural) f) one means two means; one series two series; g) %oreign plurals: crisis-crises; phenomenon-phenomena; bacillus-bacilli UNC UNTA!LE N UNS (substantive nenumarabile)" a) onl with singular ! plural meaning but taking the verb in the singular mone ! bani &anii sunt importanti$ ! 'one is important$ advice ! sfaturi (faturile tale sunt folositoare$ ! )our a*vice is useful$ knowledge ! cunostinte *unostintele tale de engle#a ne-au fost foarte folositoare in timpul calatoriei$ )our +nglish )no+le*#e has been ver useful to us during the trip$ ,nformation ! informatii -u am prea multe informatii despre accident$ .ar cele pe care le am sunt importante$ , do not have too much in,ormation about the accident; but those (ieces o, in,ormation that , have are ver important$ Acoustics ! acustica (stiinta sunetelor) /coustics is the science of sounds$ Acoustics - acustica unei incaperi The acoustics of this hall are great$

b) onl with plural ! singular meaning but the verb is in the plural 0$ Summation (lural (ob1ects that are made up of two e2ual parts)" trousers ! pantalon "antalonii lui sunt pe pat$ ! "erechea lui de pantaloni este pe pat$ 3is trousers are on the bed$ ! 3is pair of trousers is on the bed$ 4lasses ! ochelari 5chelarii lui au fost sparti$ ! 3is glasses have been broken$ 5veralls ! salopeta (alopeta lui este murdara$ ! 3is overalls are dirt $ scissors ! foarfeca %oarfeca este pe masa$ ! The scissors are on the table$ Trei foarfece tocite sunt pe masa$ ! Three (airs o, blunt scissors are on the table$ scales ! balanta (dar si solzi, de la pluralul regulat al lui scale) -u am inteles niciodata cum functionea#a o balanta$ , have never understood how the scales work$ compasses ! compas *ompasul meu este pe masa$ /l tau ar trebui sa fie acesta$ ' compasses are on the table$ )ours should be these$ 6$ Pluralia tantum in .s (nouns with a (lural ,orm but sin#ular in meanin# that take the verb in plural forma de plural, dar inteles de singular; verbul se foloseste la plural): customs ! vama /ama este dificil de trecut$ ! The customs are difficult to pass$ ashes ! scrum, cenusa .upa plecarea ei, ramasese niste scrum in scrumiera$ ! /fter her leaving, there have been some ashes left in the ashtra $ colours ! drapel (also, culori de la pluralul regulat al substantivului colour) The national colours are being raised now$ ! Dra(elul national este ridicat acum$ head2uarters ! cartier general, sediu +ste dificil de a1uns la sediu$ ! The head2uarters are difficult to reach$ T0E PLU'AL 1 C 2P UND N UNS

Pluralul se adauga la substantiv daca acesta intra in componenta substantivului compus: trecator ! passer-b trecatori ! passers-b (noun7preposition) servitoare ! women-servants (noun 7 noun) Pluralul se adauga la s,arsit daca substantivul compus nu are nici un substantiv in componenta sa: floare de nu-ma-uita ! forget-me-not flori de nu-ma-uita ! forget-me-nots (verb7pronoun7prep$) adultii ! the grown-ups (verb7prep$) T0E AG'EE2ENT 1 C LLECTI/E N UNS 3IT0 T0E /E'!

' famil is at home$ ! familia mea (ca unitate, ca un intreg) este acasa$ ' famil are earl risers$ ! membrii familiei mele se tre#esc devreme$

The team is ver well organi#ed$ ! +chipa este foarte bine organi#ata$ The team are working hard toda , performing various 1obs, as the boss is in his office$ ! Membrii echipei lucrea#a din greu, efectuand diverse operatii, fiindca seful este in biroul sau$ The audience has met us with a cluster of applause$ ! Publicul ne-a intampinat cu un ropot de aplau#e$ The audience are allowed to take their seats$ ! "ublicului (oamenilor din public) i se permite sa-si ocupe locurile (lor)$ *rew ! echipa1 The crew are all on deck$ ! 2embrii echipa1ului sunt toti pe punte$ The crew is made up of three men and two women$ ! +chipa1ul este alcatuit din trei barbati si doua femei$ The Plural o, Abbreviations .oubling a letter: p$(page) pp$ (pages); '( (manuscript) '(( (manuscripts) /dding an inflection s after the full stop: '$"$ ('ember of "arliament) '$"$s8 '"9s; *o$ (*ompan ) *o$s (*ompanies) The Plural o, Titles 'r$ 'essrs$:;mes<#= ! 'essieurs 'iss 'isses 'adam 'esdames :;meid>m=