CHAPTER

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10
Refrigeration Cycles

FIGURE 10-1 The objective of a refrigerator is to remove heat (QL) from the cold medium; the objective of a heat pump is to supply heat (QH) to a warm medium.

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FIGURE 10-2 Schematic of a Carnot refrigerator and T-s diagram of the reversed Carnot cycle.

FIGURE 10-3 Schematic and T-s diagram for the ideal vapor-compression refrigeration cycle.

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FIGURE 10-4 An ordinary household refrigerator.

FIGURE 10-5 The P-h diagram of an ideal vaporcompression refrigeration cycle.

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FIGURE 10-7 Schematic and T-s diagram for the actual vapor-compression refrigeration cycle.

FIGURE 10-9 A heat pump can be used to heat a house in winter and to cool it in summer.

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FIGURE 10-10 A two-stage cascade refrigeration system with the same refrigerant in both stages.

FIGURE 10-12 A two-stage compression refrigeration system with a flash chamber.

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FIGURE 10-14 Schematic and T-s diagram for a refrigeratorfreezer unit with one compressor.

FIGURE 10-15 Linde-Hampson system for liquefying gases.

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FIGURE 10-16 Simple gas refrigeration cycle.

FIGURE 10-17 A reversed Carnot cycle produces more refrigeration (area under B1) with less work input (area 1A3B).

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FIGURE 10-18 An open-cycle aircraft cooling system.

FIGURE 10-19 Gas refrigeration cycle with regeneration.

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FIGURE 10-21 Ammonia absorption refrigeration cycle.

FIGURE 10-22 Determining the maximum COP of an absorption refrigeration system.

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FIGURE 10-23 When one of the junctions of two dissimilar metals is heated, a current I flows through the closed circuit.

FIGURE 10-24 When a thermoelectric circuit is broken, a potential difference is generated.

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FIGURE 10-25 Schematic of a simple thermoelectric power generator.

FIGURE 10-26 A thermoelectric power generator.

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FIGURE 10-27 When a current is passed through the junction of two dissimilar materials, the junction is cooled.

FIGURE 10-28 A thermoelectric refrigerator.

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