Karla Rocas Jeff Bisnar

CORRUPTION IN SOUTH KOREA

Corruption in South Korea has been described as the cancer of Korean society, and it is found at every level of Korean society, from top officials down to minor civil servants Corruption at high level is widespread, but scandals involving bureaucrats, particularly those who collect ta es and enforce customs regulations, are often reported in newspapers as well!"# Corruption in South Korea started when the King$s family in politics participated, and led to increasing nepotism and corruption in administration"%, meaning it is deeply rooted in their history, flourishing and growing even until they have reached their democracy in #&'(! Because of this, modern)day South Korea$s government have its hands full in trying to lessen, and in time to totally eradicate, corruption in their country! *o give an e ample of corruption which is happening in South Korea, +anwoo ,ee in his boo- entitled, *he .dyssey of Korean /emocracy0 Korean 1olitics #&'() #&&2" discussed the manifestation of corruption in the #&'( presidential election and the 3pril #&'' legislative election, where political parties spent millions, even billions of dollars to bac- up their campaign, resorting to vote)buying, coercion, violence, and threats! /emocratic Justice 1arty 4/J15, one of the big political parties in South Korea, even e ercised these electioneering violations and corrupt practices openly during the #&'' legislative election, manifesting the rampant situation of corruption in the country! 1eople in South Korea even identify that biggest obstacle of South Korea$s democrati6ation that time was the corrupt practices of the politicians!7 *he response of South Korea$s government in curbing these -inds of corrupt practices became concrete upon Kim /ae Jung$s rise to presidency in /ecember #&&(! 8n his regime, anti)corruption strategy was formulated which has si ma9or components in response to various causes of corruption in South Korea! :8n this strategy, several components were introduced to fight corruption, which are0 #! *he improvement of the e isting system of corruption control by creating an 3nti)
Jong S! Jun and +yung S! 1ar-, Crisis and .rganisational 1aralysis0 *he ,ingering 1roblem of Korean 1ublic 3dministration", Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, ;ol! &, <o! # 4+arch %22#5! % 3!*!R! Rahman, ,egal and 3dministrative +easures against Bureaucratic Corruption in 3sia", in ,edivina ;! Carino 4ed!5, Bureaucratic Corruption in Asia: Causes, Consequences and Control 4=ue6on City0 J+C 1ress and College of 1ublic 3dministration, >niversity of the 1hilippines, #&'?5! 7 @ang, 3n 3nalysis of South Korea$s 1olitical 1rocess and 1arty 1olitics"! : Koreas Comprehensive Anti-Corruption Programs 4Seoul0 .ffice of the 1rime +inister, #&&&5!
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Corruption Committee and the passage of the 3nti)Corruption ,aw, %! *he reform of the attitudes and consciousness of civil servants by enforcing codes of conduct and education, 7! 1romotion of public awareness of corruption, :! Creation of social and cultural environment against corruption through scrutiny and strict control of former government officials, enhancing transparency of private industries, and eroding the collusion between politicians, government officials, and businessmen, A! *he detection and punishment for corruption is reinforced by improving the rewardBprotection system for informers, activating citi6en watch and report against corruption! *he steps ta-en by the South Korean government did not eradicate completely corruption in their country, however, surveys conducted by Cyundai Research show that the citi6ens of South Korea are optimistic about the battle against corruption, their view on the seriousness of corruption declining yearly because of the efforts made by their government! .bservably, South Korea$s economy boosted after the government$s anti)corruption campaign was launched, ma-ing South Korea one of the largest players in 3sia$s economy!

KORUPSI DI KOREA SELATAN Korupsi di Korea Selatan telah digam ar!an se agai "!an!er mas#ara!at Korea$ dan ditemu!an di setiap ting!at mas#ara!at Korea$ dari pe%a at sampai PNS !e&il ''' Korupsi di ting!at tinggi terse ar luas$ namun s!andal #ang meli at!an iro!rat$ terutama mere!a #ang mengumpul!an pa%a! dan menega!!an peraturan pa ean$ sering dilapor!an di surat !a ar %uga' "Korupsi di Korea Selatan dimulai !eti!a !eluarga ra%a dalam politi! erpartisipasi$ dan men#e a !an" pening!atan nepotisme dan !orupsi dalam administrasi "$ erarti itu era!ar dalam se%arah mere!a$ er!em ang dan tum uh ah!an sampai mere!a telah men&apai demo!rasi mere!a pada tahun ()*+' Karena itu$ pemerintah modern Korea Selatan memili!i tangan penuh dalam men&o a untu! mengurangi$ dan dalam ,a!tu untu! enar- enar mem erantas$ !orupsi di negara mere!a' Untu! mem eri!an &ontoh !orupsi #ang ter%adi di Korea Selatan$ Lee .an,oo dalam u!un#a #ang er%udul$ "The Od#sse# Demo!rasi Korea/ Politi! Korea ()*+-())0" mem ahas mani1estasi !orupsi dalam pemilihan presiden ()*+ dan

April ()** pemilu legislati1$ di mana partai-partai politi! mengha is!an %utaan$ ah!an miliaran dolar untu! mendu!ung !ampan#e mere!a$ eralih !e pem elian suara$ pa!saan$ !e!erasan$ dan an&aman' Partai Keadilan Demo!rat 2D3P4$ salah satu partai politi! esar di Korea Selatan$ ah!an dila!u!an dengan pelanggaran er!ampan#e dan pra!te! !orupsi se&ara ter u!a dalam pemilu legislati1 tahun ()**$ me,u%ud!an situasi mara!n#a !orupsi di negara ini' Orang-orang di Korea Selatan ah!an mengidenti1i!asi ah,a !endala ter esar dari demo!ratisasi Korea Selatan saat itu adalah pra!te! !orupsi para politisi' Respon Pemerintah Korea Selatan dalam mengendali!an %enis-%enis pra!te! !orupsi men%adi eton pada !enai!an Kim Dae 3ung se agai presiden pada Desem er ())+' Dalam re5imn#a$ strategi anti-!orupsi dirumus!an #ang memili!i enam !omponen utama dalam menanggapi er agai pen#e a !orupsi di Korea Selatan' Dalam strategi ini$ e erapa !omponen diper!enal!an untu! memerangi !orupsi$ #aitu/ (' Pening!atan sistem #ang ada pengendalian !orupsi dengan men&ipta!an Komite Anti-Korupsi dan agian dari UU Anti-Korupsi$ 6' Re1ormasi si!ap dan !esadaran PNS dengan menega!!an !ode eti! dan pendidi!an$ 7' Promosi !esadaran mas#ara!at tentang !orupsi$ 8' Pen&iptaan ling!ungan sosial dan uda#a mela,an !orupsi melalui penga,asan dan !ontrol !etat dari mantan pe%a at pemerintah$ mening!at!an transparansi industri s,asta$ dan mengi!is !olusi antara politisi$ pe%a at pemerintah$ dan pengusaha$ 9' Dete!si dan hu!uman untu! !orupsi diper!uat dengan mening!at!an re,ard : sistem perlindungan !epada pelapor$ menga!ti1!an menonton ,arga dan laporan !orupsi' Lang!ah-lang!ah #ang diam il oleh pemerintah Korea Selatan tida! sepenuhn#a mem erantas !orupsi di negara mere!a$ namun$ sur;ei #ang dila!u!an oleh H#undai Penelitian menun%u!!an ah,a ,arga Korea Selatan optimis tentang pertempuran mela,an !orupsi$ pandangan mere!a pada !eseriusan !orupsi menurun tahunan !arena upa#a #ang dila!u!an oleh pemerintah mere!a' O ser;a l#$ e!onomi Korea Selatan mening!at setelah !ampan#e anti-!orupsi pemerintah dilun&ur!an$ mem uat Korea Selatan salah satu pemain ter esar dalam pere!onomian Asia'