Al-Hussein Ben Talal University College of Engineering Department of Civil Engineering

Highway LAB
Experiment No.3 Penetration test e!turer" Dr. Arabi Al-Qadi Eng. #usra al-Amareen $asfi A%me& alna'afle% Civil Engineering T%ir& year
()*(**+*,(-.

Date:19\3\2013
1

Table of co te t: Introduction ,objective ,equipment ,theory Theory, procedure Calculation ,discussion& conclusion discussion& conclusion, reference

3 ! " #

$ trod%ctio :
&e etratio te't i' the (ea'%re' co 'i'te cy e)*re''ed a' the di'ta ce that a eedle +ertically *e etrate' a 'a(*le % der , ow co ditio ' of loadi g- ti(e- a d te(*erat%re. The i dicati g *oi ter i' fitted with a frictio geared , ob- which ca be rotated freely to a y *o'itio o the dial. /e'etti g the eedle ca be carried o%t 0%ic,ly a d *o'iti+ely ready for the e)t (ea'%re(e t

1b2ecti+e:

1-to (ea'%re of the bit%(i o%' '*eci(e a d co 'i'te cy of it' hard e'' 0%ality. 2-to ded%ce the *e etratio i de) 3*i4of the '*eci(e

Apparatus
()3,+Penetration &evi!e /tan&ar& penetration nee&le $ater pat% !ontainer 'it% ++mm &iameter an& 3+mm &ept% T%ermometer

Theory:
Penetration value is a measure of hardness or consistency of bituminous material. It is the vertical distance traversed or penetrated by the point of a standard needle in to the bituminous material under specific conditions of load, time and temperature. This distance is measured in one tenths of a millimeter. This test is used for evaluating consistency of bitumen. It is not regarded as suitable for use in connection with the testing of road tar because of the high surface tension exhibited by these materials

/tan&ar&
A/T0 D+-12
The grades of the asphalt cement depending on the penetration in 1/1 mm are! A" # $ % & hard ' not effect with temperature ( used for inclined planes due to its high viscosity . A" ) $ * used for filling isolation crac+s ' ,oints . A" -&. $ / ( hot weather , &0 $ 1 ' 1# $ 1* (cold weather 1 used for highway pavement . A" # $ % for emulsions because his flexibility

:&roced%re
(- Heat t%e sample !arefully. Temperature s%oul& not 3e more t%an .*4!51+-(**C6 a3ove t%e expe!te& softening point of t%e 3itumen. T%e %eating an& pouring s%oul& 3e a!!omplis%e& 'it%in a perio& of t%irty minutes. )- Pour t%e sample into sample !ontainer 5penetration !up6. Pour to' sample for ea!% test !on&ition variation.

3- Cover t%e samples 'it% lippe& 3ea7ers an& !ool t%em to a temperature of )+!. Pla!e t%em in t%e transfer &is% '%i!% s%oul& 3e pla!e& in t%e 'ater pat% at a temperature of )+4! for (.+ to ) %ours. ,- Pla!e t%e &is% an& t%e !ontents on t%e stan& of t%e penetrometer. +- A&8ust t%e nee&le %eig%t so t%at it is 8ust tou!%ing t%e surfa!e of t%e sample. -- /et t%e penetrometer &ial to 9ero an& t%en release t%e nee&le %ol&er for t%e spe!ifie& time. 1- 0easure t%e &ept% of penetration 3y t%e nee&le position on t%e s!ale 5tent% of millimeter6. 2- Carry out at least 3 &eterminations at points on t%e surfa!e at least (* mm apart: gently !lean t%e nee&le after ea!% test. ;f t%e penetration is greater t%an 3+*. ;t<s ne!essary to left +* g only an& multiplies t%e &ial gage rea&ing 3y =) or in!rease t%e &ept% of t%e sample. *Corre!t penetration on (** g loa& > =) ? penetration on +* g loa& .

T%e Test Con&itions " (. )+C@ 2. 100 g Load. 3. + se!on&.

:5alc%latio
Sampl e 1 1 2 3 38.4 37.5 36.8 (Penetration (mm 2 42.1 37.3 32.8 3 32.1 34.6 36.2 4 32.7 35.8 35.3 5 29.5 35.9 37.7 averag e 34.96 36.22 35.76

Calculations Penetration value = (R1 + R2 + R3+R4+R5)\5 :For sample 1 Penetration value=(38 4+42 1+32 1+32 !+2" 5)\5=34 "#
The penetration =(1\10)*34.96=3.496 6

penetration 3"#4" 4"#6" 6"#8"

Type
Heavy loaded pavement such as bus station !unctions pavement on no$mal $oads %old climate places $oad on hills

:Di'c%''io
we ee thi type o! a phalt " e in Heavy loaded pavement such as bus#1
(station !unctions (&$ade 3"#4"

the ample appro#imately are $lo e to other !rom the #2 .gra%e &a e% on the re "lt o'taine%( it wa !o"n% that he "ni!ormity .o! the temperat"re the 'it"mino" i "ni!orm it i lower penetration( it i "ita'le !or heavy loa%e% .pavement "$h a '" tation( )"n$tion
'his test can dete$mine the ha$dness o( bitumen and bitumen classi(y acco$din&t o the in(ilt$ation

#3

*igh penetration gra%e are " e% in $ol% $limate an% +ow #4 penetration gra%e are " e% in "mmer to avoi% o!tening "n%er high temperat"re , the penetration %e$rea e the har%ne in$rea e $5

, the penetration in$rea e the vi $o ity %e$rea e #6 -. The ample m" t 'e ret"rne% to the water 'ath a oon a the trial i $omplete% (within / min"te ) to 0eep their temperat"re the ame. ,lway $lean the nee%le a!ter ea$h trial an% try to penetrate a !ar a po i'le !rom the previo" trial . 1n $ol% $o"ntrie thi te t i per!orme% with loa% /00 g( time 60 #8 e$ 2 temperat"re 3 %egree

5o cl%'io
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The $on$l" ion that we got !rom the e#periment it hown that the temperat"re "ni!ormity while r"nning the e#periment i .important There ho"l% 'e no movement o! the $ontainer while nee%le penetrate into ample( the ample ho"l% 'e !ree !rom any e#traneo" matter an% la tly the nee%le ho"l% 'e $leane% .with 'en4ene an% %rie% 'e!ore penetration 1n warmer region ( lower penetration gra%e are pre!erre% to avoi% o!tening where a higher penetration gra%e li0e 1506/00 are " e% in $ol%er region to prevent the o$$"rren$e o! e#$e ive 'rittlene . *igh penetration gra%e i " e% in pray appli$ation wor0 . So the 'etter " e% i lower val"e o! penetration

:/efere ce
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