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Chapter 3 Section 2
Objectives
• 2 types:
– Animal cells
– Plant cells
http://www.uvm.edu/~inquiryb/webquest/fa06/mvogenbe/plantcell.jpg http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/cellulosem.jpg
Cell Wall
• Fungi (yeasts & mushrooms) have cell walls
• Made of a complex sugar called: chitin
• Prokaryotic cells (bacteria/archaea) have cells
walls too, but they are different)
http://nutrition.jbpub.com/resources/images/images/fiber.gif
http://home.earthlink.net/~ggda/yeast_cell_final_resample.jpg
Cell Membrane
• All cells have a cell membrane
• Protective barrier that encloses the cell
• Location of the membrane (depends on cell
wall)
• Contains:
– Proteins
– Lipids
– Phospholipids
Cell Membrane
• Phospholipid (contain phosphorus) bi-layer
• Lipids: “water fearing” or hydrophobic
– Hydrophilic heads
– Hydrophobic tails
http://www.biologycorner.com/resources/lipidbilayer.gif
Cell Membrane
• Some of the proteins and lipids control the
movement of materials in and out of the cell
http://www.bio.miami.edu/~cmallery/255/255hist/mcb1.15.cytoskeleton.jpg
Nucleus
• Large organelle in all eukaryotic cells
• Contains cell’s DNA (how to make a cell’s
proteins)
• Proteins control the chemical reactions of a
cell
• Proteins provide structural support for cells
and tissues
• Proteins are not made in the nucleus
Nucleus
• Covered by 2 membranes
• Materials cross the double membrane through
pores
• Dark area: nucleolus (ribosome production
beings here)
http://kconline.kaskaskia.edu/bcambron/Biology%20117/Cells_files/image004.jpg
Ribosomes
• Organelles that make proteins
http://s3cg8biology_project.tripod.com/ribosomes.gif
http://www.molecularexpressions.com/cells/ribosomes/images/ribosomesfigure1.jpg
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
• Where many chemical reactions within the
cell take place
https://illnessesanimalsplants.wikispaces.com/file/view/smooth_&_rough_ER.jpg
Mitochondria
• Main power source of the cell (site of cellular
respiration)
• Sugar is broken down to produce energy
• Covered by 2 membranes
• Energy is stored in ATP (adenosine
triphosphate)
• Mitochondria are the size of some bacteria
• Have their own DNA, can divide within a cell
Mitochondria
http://giantshoulders.files.wordpress.com/2007/10/mitochondria.jpg
Chloroplasts
• Organelles in plant and algae cells which
photosynthesis takes place
• 2 membranes and their own DNA
• contain chlorophyll, a green pigment
• Chlorophyll traps the energy of sunlight to
make sugar
• Sugar produced by photosynthesis then used
by mitochondria to make ATP
Chloroplasts
http://virtualbiologytutor.co.uk/images/chloroplast.jpg
Golgi Complex
• Organelle that packages and distributes
proteins
• Looks like smooth ER
• Lipids & proteins from the from the ER are
delivered here
• “bubbles” are pinched off to be transported to
other parts of the cell
Golgi Complex
http://bioweb.wku.edu/courses/Biol22000/11Organelles/images/F05-49.JPG
Cell Compartments
• “bubble” formed from Golgi complex is called
a vesicle
http://www.williamsclass.com/SeventhScienceWork/ImagesCells/vesicle.jpg
Cellular Digestion
• Lysosomes are responsible for digestion inside
a cell
• Lysosomes are organelles that contain
digestive enzymes
• Destroy old organelles, rid cell of waste, and
protect from invaders
• Found mainly in animal cells
• Bump into vesicles, pour enzymes in, and
digest the particles
http://www.east-
haven.k12.ct.us/dcmoore/Grade%206/Cell%20Websites/angelica_files/lysosome.png
Vacuoles
• A vacuole is a vesicle
http://www.odec.ca/projects/2004/mcgo4s0/public_html/t4/plantcell.gif
Quick Quiz