Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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ME1404
LIST OF E PERIMENTS A! S"#$%&'"() 15 Simulation of Air con itionin! "#"t$m %it& con $n"$r t$m'$ratur$ an $(a'orator t$m'$ratur$" a" in'ut to !$t COP u"in! C )MAT La*+ Simulation of ,# raulic ) Pn$umatic c#lin $r u"in! C ) MAT La*+ Simulation of cam an follo%$r m$c&ani"m u"in! C ) MAT La*+ A)&%*+"+ ,S"#-%. T/.&'#.)' ()%*0 10 Str$"" anal#"i" of a 'lat$ %it& a circular &ol$+ Str$"" anal#"i" of r$ctan!ular L *rac-$t Str$"" anal#"i" of an a.i/"#mm$tric com'on$nt Str$"" anal#"i" of *$am" 0Cantil$($r1 Sim'l# "u''ort$ 1 2i.$ $n "3 Mo $ fr$4u$nc# anal#"i" of a 5 D com'on$nt Mo $ fr$4u$nc# anal#"i" of *$am" 0Cantil$($r1 Sim'l# "u''ort$ 1 2i.$ $n "3 ,armonic anal#"i" of a 5D com'on$nt T&$rmal "tr$"" anal#"i" of a 5D com'on$nt Con ucti($ &$at tran"f$r anal#"i" of a 5D com'on$nt Con($cti($ &$at tran"f$r anal#"i" of a 5D com'on$nt TOTAL 2 45 LIST OF E3UIPMENTS 0for a *atc& of 60 "tu $nt"3 C(#-$'./ S*+'.# 178 9:A Color Monitor P$ntium I9 Proc$""or 40 :B ,DD 5;< MB RAM C(%(/ D.+4 J.' P/")'./ S(5'6&/. ANSYS 9$r"ion 7 or lat$"t C ) MATLAB 01 1; lic$n"$" 1; lic$n"$" 10
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LIST OF E ERCISES
A)&%*+"+ ,S"#-%. T/.&'#.)' ()%*0 E.+ No= 1 E.+ No= 5 E.+ No= 6 E.+ No= 4 E.+ No= ; E.+ No= < E.+ No= 7 E.+ No= ? E.+ No= @ E.+ No= 10 S"#$%&'"() E.+ No= 11 Simulation of Air con itionin! "#"t$m %it& con $n"$r t$m'$ratur$ an $(a'orator t$m'$ratur$" a" in'ut to !$t COP u"in! C )MAT La*+ E.+ No= 15 Simulation of ,# raulic ) Pn$umatic c#lin $r u"in! C ) MAT La*+ E.+ No= 16 Simulation of cam an follo%$r m$c&ani"m u"in! C ) MAT La*+ Str$"" anal#"i" of *$am" 0Cantil$($r1 Sim'l# "u''ort$ > 2i.$ $n "3 Str$"" anal#"i" of a 'lat$ %it& a circular &ol$+ Str$"" anal#"i" of r$ctan!ular L *rac-$t Str$"" anal#"i" of an a.i/"#mm$tric com'on$nt Mo $ fr$4u$nc# anal#"i" of a 5 D com'on$nt Mo $ fr$4u$nc# anal#"i" of *$am" 0Cantil$($r1 Sim'l# Su''ort$ 1 2i.$ $n "3 ,armonic anal#"i" of a 5D com'on$nt T&$rmal "tr$"" anal#"i" of a 5D com'on$nt Con ucti($ &$at tran"f$r anal#"i" of a 5D com'on$nt Con($cti($ &$at tran"f$r anal#"i" of a 5D com'on$nt
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INTRODUCTION
78&' "+ F")"'. E%.#.)' A)&%*+"+9 2init$ El$m$nt Anal#"i"1 commonl# call$ 2EA1 i" a m$t&o of num$rical anal#"i"+ 2EA i" u"$ for "ol(in! 'ro*l$m" in man# $n!in$$rin! i"ci'lin$" "uc& a" mac&in$ $"i!n1 acou"tic"1 $l$ctroma!n$ti"m1 "oil m$c&anic"1 flui #namic"1 an man# ot&$r"+ In mat&$matical t$rm"1 2EA i" a num$rical t$c&ni4u$ u"$ for "ol(in! fi$l 'ro*l$m" $"cri*$ *# a "$t of 'artial iff$r$ntial $4uation"+ In m$c&anical $n!in$$rin!1 2EA i" %i $l# u"$ for "ol(in! "tructural1 (i*ration1 an t&$rmal 'ro*l$m"+ ,o%$($r1 2EA i" not t&$ onl# a(aila*l$ tool of num$rical anal#"i"+ Ot&$r num$rical m$t&o " inclu $ t&$ 2init$ Diff$r$nc$ M$t&o 1 t&$ Boun ar# El$m$nt M$t&o 1 an t&$ 2init$ 9olum$" M$t&o to m$ntion Au"t a f$%+ ,o%$($r1 u$ to it" ($r"atilit# an &i!& num$rical $ffici$nc#1 2EA &a" com$ to ominat$ t&$ $n!in$$rin! anal#"i" "oft%ar$ mar-$t1 %&il$ ot&$r m$t&o " &a($ *$$n r$l$!at$ to nic&$ a''lication"+ You can u"$ 2EA to anal#B$ an# "&a'$C 2EA %or-" %it& iff$r$nt l$($l" of !$om$tr# i $aliBation an 'ro(i $" r$"ult" %it& t&$ $"ir$ accurac#+ D&$n im'l$m$nt$ into mo $rn comm$rcial "oft%ar$1 *ot& 2EA t&$or# an num$rical 'ro*l$m formulation *$com$ com'l$t$l# tran"'ar$nt to u"$r"+ 78( +8($%: $+. F")"'. E%.#.)' A)&%*+"+9 A" a 'o%$rful tool for $n!in$$rin! anal#"i"1 2EA i" u"$ to "ol($ 'ro*l$m" ran!in! from ($r# "im'l$ to ($r# com'l$.+ D$"i!n $n!in$$r" u"$ 2EA urin! t&$ 'ro uct $($lo'm$nt 'roc$"" to anal#B$ t&$ $"i!n/in/'ro!r$""+ Tim$ con"traint" an limit$ a(aila*ilit# of 'ro uct ata call for man# "im'lification" of t&$ anal#"i" mo $l"+ At t&$ ot&$r $n of "cal$1 "'$cialiB$ anal#"t" im'l$m$nt 2EA to "ol($ ($r# a (anc$ 'ro*l$m"1 "uc& a" ($&icl$ cra"& #namic"1 &# ro formin!1 or air *a! $'lo#m$nt+ T&i" *oo- focu"$" on &o% $"i!n $n!in$$r" u"$ 2EA a" a $"i!n tool+ T&$r$for$1 %$ fir"t n$$ to $.'lain %&at $.actl# i"tin!ui"&$" 2EA '$rform$ *# $"i!n $n!in$$r" from Er$!ularE 2EA+ D$ %ill t&$n &i!&li!&t t&$ mo"t $""$ntial 2EA c&aract$ri"tic" for $"i!n $n!in$$r" a" o''o"$ to t&o"$ for anal#"t"+ FEA 5(/ D.+";) E);")../+2 &)('8./ :.+";) '((% 2or $"i!n $n!in$$r"1 2EA i" on$ of man# $"i!n tool" amon! CAD1 Protot#'$"1 "'r$a "&$$t"1 catalo!"1 ata *a"$"1 &an calculation"1 t$.t *oo-"1 $tc+ t&at ar$ all u"$ in t&$ $"i!n 'roc$""+ FEA 5(/ D.+";) E);")../+2 <&+.: () CAD #(:.%+
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Mo $rn $"i!n i" con uct$ u"in! CAD tool"1 "o a CAD mo $l i" t&$ "tartin! 'oint for anal#"i"+ Sinc$ CAD mo $l" ar$ u"$ for $"cri*in! !$om$tric information for 2EA1 it i" $""$ntial to un $r"tan &o% to $"i!n in CAD in or $r to 'ro uc$ r$lia*l$ 2EA r$"ult"1 an &o% a CAD mo $l i" iff$r$nt from 2EA mo $l+ T&i" %ill *$ i"cu""$ in lat$r c&a't$r"+
FEA 5(/ D.+";) E);")../+2 =()=$//.)' 6"'8 '8. :.+";) -/(=.++ Sinc$ 2EA i" a $"i!n tool1 it "&oul *$ u"$ concurr$ntl# %it& t&$ $"i!n 'roc$""+ It "&oul -$$' u' %it&1 or *$tt$r #$t1 drive t&$ $"i!n 'roc$""+ Anal#"i" it$ration" mu"t *$ '$rform$ fa"t1 an "inc$ t&$"$ r$"ult" ar$ u"$ to ma-$ $"i!n $ci"ion"1 t&$ r$"ult" mu"t *$ r$lia*l$ $($n %&$n limit$ in'ut i" a(aila*l$+ L"#"'&'"()+ (5 FEA 5(/ D.+";) E);")../+ A" #ou can "$$1 2EA u"$ in t&$ $"i!n $n(ironm$nt mu"t m$$t &i!& r$4uir$m$nt"+ An o*(iou" 4u$"tion ari"$"= %oul it *$ *$tt$r to &a($ $ icat$ "'$ciali"t '$rform 2EA an l$t $"i!n $n!in$$r" o %&at t&$# o *$"t / $"i!n n$% 'ro uct"F T&$ an"%$r $'$n " on t&$ "iB$ of t&$ *u"in$""1 t#'$ of 'ro uct"1 com'an# or!aniBation an cultur$1 an man# ot&$r tan!i*l$ an intan!i*l$ factor"+ A !$n$ral con"$n"u" i" t&at $"i!n $n!in$$r" "&oul &an l$ r$lati($l# "im'l$ t#'$" of anal#"i"1 *ut o it 4uic-l# an of cour"$ r$lia*l#+ Anal#"$" t&at ar$ ($r# com'l$. an tim$ con"umin! cannot *$ $.$cut$ concurr$ntl# %it& t&$ $"i!n 'roc$""1 an ar$ u"uall# *$tt$r &an l$ $it&$r *# a $ icat$ anal#"t or contract$ out to "'$cialiB$ con"ultant"+ O<>.='"?.+ (5 FEA 5(/ D.+";) E);")../+ T&$ ultimat$ o*A$cti($ of u"in! t&$ 2EA a" a $"i!n tool i" to c&an!$ t&$ $"i!n 'roc$"" from r$'$titi($ c#cl$" of E $"i!n1 'rotot#'$1 t$"tE into "tr$amlin$ 'roc$"" %&$r$ 'rotot#'$" ar$ not u"$ a" $"i!n tool" an ar$ onl# n$$ $ for final $"i!n ($rification+ Dit& t&$ u"$ of 2EA1 $"i!n it$ration" ar$ mo($ from t&$ '&#"ical "'ac$ of 'rotot#'in! an t$"tin! into t&$ (irtual "'ac$ of com'ut$r "imulation" 0fi!ur$ 1/13+
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2i!ur$ 1/1= Tra itional an + 2EA/ ri($n 'ro uct $($lo'm$nt Traditional product development needs prototypes to support design in progress. The process in FEA-driven product development uses numerical models, rather than physical prototypes to drive development. In an FEA driven product, the prototype is no longer a part of the iterative design loop.
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'ro uct" at$" *ac- to 1@?51 Soli Dor-" Simulation &a" *$$n "'$cificall# $($lo'$ for Din o%" an ta-$" full a (anta!$ t&i" of $$' int$!ration *$t%$$n Soli Dor-" an Din o%"1 r$'r$"$ntin! t&$ "tat$/of/t&$/art in t&$ $n!in$$rin! anal#"i" "oft%ar$+
T&$ follo%in! "u*"$ction" i"cu"" t&$"$ four "t$'" Buil in! t&$ mat&$matical mo $l T&$ "tartin! 'oint to anal#"i" %it& Soli Dor-" Simulation i" a Soli Dor-" mo $l+ :$om$tr# of t&$ mo $l n$$ " to *$ m$"&a*l$ into a corr$ct an r$a"ona*l# "mall $l$m$nt 7
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m$"&+ T&i" r$4uir$m$nt of m$"&a*ilit# &a" ($r# im'ortant im'lication"+ D$ n$$ to $n"ur$ t&at t&$ CAD !$om$tr# %ill in $$ m$"& an t&at t&$ 'ro uc$ m$"& %ill 'ro(i $ t&$ corr$ct "olution of t&$ ata of int$r$"t1 "uc& a" i"'lac$m$nt"1 "tr$""$"1 t$m'$ratur$ i"tri*ution1 $tc+ T&i" n$c$""it# oft$n r$4uir$" mo ification" to t&$ CAD !$om$tr#1 %&ic& can ta-$ t&$ form of $f$aturin!1 i $aliBation an )or cl$an/u'1 $"cri*$ *$lo%=
It i" im'ortant to m$ntion t&at %$ o not al%a#" "im'lif# t&$ CAD mo $l %it& t&$ "ol$ o*A$cti($ of ma-in! it m$"&a*l$+ Oft$n1 %$ mu"t "im'lif# a mo $l $($n t&ou!& it %oul m$"&1 corr$ctl# Ea" i"E1 *ut t&$ r$"ultin! m$"& %oul *$ too lar!$ an con"$4u$ntl#1 t&$ anal#"i" %oul ta-$ too muc& tim$+ :$om$tr# modifications allo" for a simpler mesh and shorter com'utin! tim$"+ Al"o1 !$om$tr# 'r$'aration ma# not *$ r$4uir$ at allC "ucc$""ful m$"&in! $'$n " a" muc& on t&$ 4ualit# of !$om$tr# "u*mitt$ for m$"&in! a" it o$" on t&$ "o'&i"tication of t&$ m$"&in! tool" im'l$m$nt$ in t&$ 2EA "oft%ar$+ ,a(in! 'r$'ar$ a m$"&a*l$1 *ut not #$t m$"&$ !$om$tr# %$ no% $fin$ mat$rial 'ro'$rti$"+ 0t&$"$ can al"o *$ im'ort$ from a Soli Dor-" mo $l31 loa " an r$"traint"1 an 'ro(i $ information on t&$ t#'$ of anal#"i" t&at %$ %i"& to '$rform+ T&i" 'roc$ ur$ com'l$t$" t&$ cr$ation of t&$ mat&$matical mo $l 0fi!ur$ 1/53+ Notic$ t&at t&$ 'roc$"" of cr$atin! t&$ mat&$matical mo $l i" not 2EA/"'$cific+ 2EA &a" not #$t $nt$r$ t&$ 'ictur$+
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2i!ur$ 1/5= Buil in! t&$ mat&$matical mo $l The process of creating a mathematical model consists of the modification o #A$ geometry %here removing e&ternal fillets', definition of loads, restraint material properties, and definition of the type of analysis %e.g., static' that "e "ish to perform. B$"%:"); '8. 5")"'. .%.#.)' #(:.% T&$ mat&$matical mo $l no% n$$ " to *$ "'lit into finit$ $l$m$nt" t&rou!& a 'roc$"" of i"cr$tiBation1 mor$ commonl# -no%n a" m$"&in! 0fi!ur$ 1/63+Loa " an r$"traint" ar$ al"o i"cr$tiB$ an onc$ t&$ mo $l &a" *$$n m$"&$ t&$ i"cr$tiB$ loa " an r$"traint" ar$ a''li$ to t&$ no $" of t&$ finit$ $l$m$nt m$"&+
2i!ur$ 1/6= Buil in! t&$ finit$ $l$m$nt mo $l The mathematical model is discreti(ed into a finite element model. This completes the pre-processing phase. The FEA model is then solved "ith one of the numerical solvers availa)le in Solid Works Simulation Sol(in! t&$ finit$ $l$m$nt mo $l ,a(in! cr$at$ t&$ finit$ $l$m$nt mo $l1 %$ no% u"$ a "ol($r 'ro(i $ in Solid Works Simulation to 'ro uc$ t&$ $"ir$ ata of int$r$"t 0fi!ur$ 1/63+
ME1404 COMPUTER AIDED SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS LAB Anal#Bin! t&$ r$"ult"
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Oft$n t&$ mo"t ifficult "t$' of 2EA i" anal#Bin! t&$ r$"ult"+ Pro'$r int$r'r$tation of r$"ult" r$4uir$" t&at %$ un $r"tan all "im'lification" 0an $rror" t&$# intro uc$3 in t&$ fir"t t&r$$ "t$'"= $finin! t&$ mat&$matical mo $l1 m$"&in! it" !$om$tr#1 an "ol(in!+
Errors in FEA
T&$ 'roc$"" illu"trat$ in fi!ur$" 1/5 an 1/6 intro uc$" una(oi a*l$ $rror"+ 2ormulation of a mat&$matical mo $l intro uc$" mo $lin! $rror" 0al"o call$ i $aliBation $rror"31 i"cr$tiBation of t&$ mat&$matical mo $l intro uc$" i"cr$tiBation $rror"1 an "ol(in! intro uc$" num$rical $rror"+ Of t&$"$ t&r$$ t#'$" of $rror"1 onl# i"cr$tiBation $rror" ar$ "'$cific to 2EA+ Mo $lin! $rror" aff$ctin! t&$ mat&$matical mo $l ar$ intro uc$ *$for$ 2EA i" utiliB$ an can onl# *$ controll$ *# u"in! corr$ct mo $lin! t$c&ni4u$"+ Solution $rror" cau"$ *# t&$ accumulation of roun /off $rror" ar$ ifficult to control1 *ut ar$ u"uall# ($r# lo%+
Solid elements
T&$ t#'$ of !$om$tr# t&at i" mo"t oft$n u"$ for anal#"i" %it& Solid Works Simulation i" "oli CAD !$om$tr#+ M$"&in! of t&i" !$om$tr# i" accom'li"&$ %it& t$tra&$ ral "oli $l$m$nt"1 commonl# call$ Et$t"E in 2EA Aar!on+ T&$ t$tra&$ ral "oli $l$m$nt" in Solid Works Simulation can $it&$r *$ fir"t or $r $l$m$nt" 0 raft 4ualit#31 or "$con or $r $l$m$nt" 0&i!& 4ualit#3+ T&$ u"$r $ci $" %&$t&$r to u"$ raft 4ualit# or &i!& 4ualit# $l$m$nt" for m$"&in!+ ,o%$($r1 a" %$ %ill "oon 'ro($1 onl# &i!& 4ualit# $l$m$nt" "&oul *$ u"$ for an anal#"i" of an# im'ortanc$+ T&$ iff$r$nc$ *$t%$$n fir"t an "$con or $r t$tra&$ ral $l$m$nt" i" illu"trat$ in fi!ur$ 1/4+
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2i!ur$ 1 /4= Diff$r$nc$" *$t%$$n fir"t an "$con or $r t$tra&$ ral $l$m$nt" First and the second order tetrahedral elements are sho"n )efore and after deformation. *ote that the deformed faces of the second order element may assume curvilinear shape "hile deformed faces of the first order element must remain fiat. 2ir"t or $r t$tra&$ ral $l$m$nt" &a($ four no $"1 "trai!&t $ !$"1 an flat fac$"+ T&$"$ $ !$" an fac$" r$main "trai!&t an flat aft$r t&$ $l$m$nt &a" $.'$ri$nc$ $formation un $r t&$ a''li$ loa + 2ir"t or $r t$tra&$ ral $l$m$nt" mo $l t&$ lin$ar fi$l of i"'lac$m$nt in"i $ t&$ir (olum$1 on fac$"1 an alon! $ !$"+ T&$ lin$ar 0or fir"t or $r3 i"'lac$m$nt fi$l !i($" t&$"$ $l$m$nt" t&$ir nam$= fir"t or $r $l$m$nt"+ If #ou r$call from t&$ M$c&anic" of Mat$rial"1 "train i" t&$ fir"t $ri(ati($ of i"'lac$m$nt+ T&$r$for$1 "train an con"$4u$ntl# "tr$""1 ar$ *ot& con"tant in fir"t or $r t$tra&$ ral $l$m$nt"+ T&i" "ituation im'o"$" a ($r# "$($r$ limitation on t&$ ca'a*ilit# of a m$"& con"truct$ %it& fir"t or $r $l$m$nt" to mo $l "tr$"" i"tri*ution of an# r$al com'l$.it#+ To ma-$ matt$r" %or"$1 "trai!&t $ !$" an flat fac$" cannot ma' 'ro'$rl# to cur(ilin$ar !$om$tr#1 a" illu"trat$ in fi!ur$ 1/;+
2i!ur$ 1/;= 2ailur$ of "trai!&t $ !$" an flat fac$" to ma' to cur(ilin$ar !$om$tr#
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A detail of a mesh created "ith first order tetrahedral elements. *otice the imprecise element mapping to the hole+ flat faces appro&imate the face of the cylindrical hole.
S$con or $r t$tra&$ ral $l$m$nt" &a($ t$n no $" an mo $l t&$ "$con or $r 0'ara*olic3 i"'lac$m$nt fi$l an fir"t or $r 0lin$ar3 "tr$"" fi$l in t&$ir (olum$1 alon! lac$"1 an $ !$"+ T&$ $ !$" an fac$" of "$con or $r t$tra&$ ral $l$m$nt" *$for$ an aft$r $formation can *$ cur(ilin$ar+ T&$r$for$1 t&$"$ $l$m$nt" can ma' 'r$ci"$l# to cur($ "urfac$"1 a" illu"trat$ in fi!ur$ 1/<+ E($n t&ou!& t&$"$ $l$m$nt" ar$ mor$ com'utationall# $man in! t&an fir"t or $r $l$m$nt"1 "$con or $r t$tra&$ ral $l$m$nt" ar$ u"$ for t&$ (a"t maAorit# of anal#"$" %it& Soli Dor-" Simulation+
2i!ur$ 1/<= Ma''in! cur($ "urfac$" A detail is sho"n of a mesh created "ith second order tetrahedral elements. Second order elements map "ell to curvilinear geometry.
Shell elements
B$"i $" "oli $l$m$nt"1 Soli Dor-" Simulation al"o off$r" "&$ll $l$m$nt"+ D&il$ "oli $l$m$nt" ar$ cr$at$ *# m$"&in! "oli !$om$tr#1 "&$ll $l$m$nt" ar$ cr$at$ *# m$"&in! "urfac$"+ S&$ll $l$m$nt" ar$ 'rimaril# u"$ for anal#Bin! t&in/%all$ "tructur$"+ Sinc$ "urfac$ !$om$tr# o$" not carr# information a*out t&ic-n$""1 t&$ u"$r mu"t 'ro(i $ t&i" information+ Similar to "oli $l$m$nt"1 "&$ll $l$m$nt" al"o com$ in raft an &i!& 4ualit# %it& analo!ou" con"$4u$nc$" %it& r$"'$ct to t&$ir a*ilit# to ma' to cur(ilin$ar !$om$tr#1 a" "&o%n in fi!ur$ 1/7 an fi!ur$ 1/?+ A" $mon"trat$ %it& "oli $l$m$nt"1 fir"t or $r "&$ll $l$m$nt" mo $l t&$ lin$ar i"'lac$m$nt fi$l %it& con"tant "train an "tr$"" %&il$ "$con or $r "&$ll $l$m$nt" mo $l t&$ "$con or $r 0'ara*olic3 i"'lac$m$nt fi$l an t&$ fir"t or $r "train an "tr$"" fi$l +
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2i!ur$ 1/7= 2ir"t or $r "&$ll $l$m$nt This shell element mesh "as created "ith first order elements. *otice the imprecise mapping of the mesh to curvilinear geometry.
2i!ur$ 1/?= S$con or $r "&$ll $l$m$nt Shell element mesh created "ith second order elements, "hich map correctly to curvilinear geometry. C$rtain cla""$" of "&a'$" can *$ mo $l$ u"in! $it&$r "oli or "&$ll $l$m$nt"1 "uc& a" t&$ 'lat$ "&o%n in fi!ur$ 1/@+ T&$ t#'$ of $l$m$nt" u"$ $'$n " t&$n on t&$ o*A$cti($ of t&$ anal#"i"+ Oft$n t&$ natur$ of t&$ !$om$tr# ictat$" %&at t#'$ of $l$m$nt "&oul *$ u"$ for m$"&in!+ 2or $.am'l$1 'art" 'ro uc$ *# ca"tin! ar$ m$"&$ %it& "oli $l$m$nt"1 %&il$ a "&$$t m$tal "tructur$ i" *$"t m$"&$ %it& "&$ll $l$m$nt"+
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2i!ur$ 1/@= Plat$ mo $l$ %it& "oli $l$m$nt" 0l$ft3 an "&$ll $l$m$nt" The plate sho"n can )e modeled "ith either solid elements %left' or shell elements %right'. The actual choice depends on the particular re,uirements of analysis and sometimes on personal preferences
2i!ur$ 1/101 *$lo%1 'r$"$nt" t&$ *a"ic li*rar# of $l$m$nt" in Soli Dor-" Simulation+ El$m$nt" li-$ a &$.a&$ ral "oli 1 4ua rilat$ral "&$ll or ot&$r "&a'$" ar$ not a(aila*l$ in Soli Dor-" Simulation+
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2i!ur$ 1/10= Soli Dor-" Simulation $l$m$nt li*rar# Four element types are availa)le in the Soli Dor-" Simulation element li)rary. The vast ma!ority of analyses use the second order tetrahedral element. -oth solid and shell first order elements should )e avoided. T&$ $!r$$" of fr$$ om 0DO23 of a no $ in a finit$ $l$m$nt m$"& $fin$ t&$ a*ilit# of t&$ no $ to '$rform tran"lation or rotation+ T&$ num*$r of $!r$$" of fr$$ om t&at a no $ 'o""$""$" $'$n " on t&$ t#'$ of $l$m$nt t&at t&$ no $ *$lon!" to+ In Soli Dor-" Simulation1 no $" of "oli $l$m$nt" &a($ t&r$$ $!r$$" of fr$$ om1 %&il$ no $" of "&$ll $l$m$nt" &a($ "i. $!r$$" of fr$$ om+ T&i" m$an" t&at in or $r to $"cri*$ tran"formation of a "oli $l$m$nt from t&$ com'on$nt" of no al i"'lac$m$nt1 mo"t oft$n t&$ .1 #1 B i"'lac$m$nt"+ In t&$ ca"$ of "&$ll $l$m$nt"1 %$ n$$ to -no% not onl# t&$ tran"lational com'on$nt" of no al i"'lac$m$nt"1 *ut al"o t&$ rotational i"'lac$m$nt com'on$nt"+
REC
E($r#t&in! $l"$1 "uc& a" "train" an "tr$""$"1 ar$ calculat$ *a"$ on t&$ no al i"'lac$m$nt"+ Con"$4u$ntl#1 ri!i r$"traint" a''li$ to "oli $l$m$nt" r$4uir$ onl# t&r$$ $!r$$" of fr$$ om to *$ con"train$ + Ri!i r$"traint" a''li$ to "&$ll $l$m$nt" r$4uir$ t&at all "i. $!r$$" of fr$$ om *$ con"train$ + In a t&$rmal anal#"i"1 %&ic& fin " t$m'$ratur$" an &$at flo%1 t&$ 'rimar# un-no%n" ar$ no al t$m'$ratur$"+ Sinc$ t$m'$ratur$ i" a "calar (alu$ 0unli-$ t&$ ($ctor natur$ of i"'lac$m$nt"31 t&$n r$!ar l$"" of %&at t#'$ of $l$m$nt i" u"$ 1 t&$r$ i" onl# on$ un-no%n 0t$m'$ratur$3 to *$ foun for $ac& no $+ All ot&$r r$"ult" a(aila*l$ in t&$ t&$rmal anal#"i" ar$ calculat$ *a"$ on t$m'$ratur$ r$"ult"+ T&$ fact t&at t&$r$ i" onl# on$ un-no%n to *$ foun for $ac& no $C rat&$r t&an t&r$$ or "i.1 ma-$" t&$rmal anal#"i" l$"" com'utationall# int$n"i($ t&an "tructural anal#"i"+
1<
REC
2i!ur$ 1/11= :$n$ral "tat$ of "tr$"" r$'r$"$nt$ *# t&r$$ normal "tr$""$"= I.1 I#1 IB an "i. "&$ar "tr$""$" J.# K J#.1 J#B K JB#1 JB. K J.B T"o components of shear stress and one component of normal stress act on each side of an elementary cu)e. $ue to e,uili)rium re,uirements, the general /-$state of stress is characteri(ed )y si& stress components0 I.1 I#1 IB an J.# K J#.1 J#B K JB#1 JB. K J.B
Not$ t&at (on Mi"$" "tr$"" i" a non/n$!ati($1 "calar (alu$+ 9on Mi"$" "tr$"" i" commonl# u"$ to 'r$"$nt r$"ult" *$cau"$ "tructural "af$t# for man# $n!in$$rin! mat$rial" "&o%in! $la"to/'la"tic 'ro'$rti$" 0for $.am'l$1 "t$$l3 can *$ $(aluat$ u"in! (on Mi"$" "tr$""+ T&$ ma!nitu $ of (on Mi"$" "tr$"" can *$ com'ar$ to mat$rial #i$l or to ultimat$ "tr$n!t& to calculat$ t&$ #i$l "tr$n!t& or t&$ ultimat$ "tr$n!t& "af$t# factor+ P/")="-&% +'/.++.+ B# 'ro'$rl# a Au"tin! t&$ an!ular ori$ntation of t&$ "tr$"" cu*$ in fi!ur$ 1/111 "&$ar "tr$""$" i"a''$ar an t&$ "tat$ of "tr$"" i" r$'r$"$nt$ onl# *# t&r$$ 'rinci'al "tr$""$"= o=1 o51 an 061 a" "&o%n in fi!ur$ 1/15+ In Soli Dor-" "imulation1 'rinci'al "tr$""$" ar$ $not$ a" I11 I51 an I6+
17
REC
2i!ur$ 1/15= :$n$ral "tat$ of "tr$"" r$'r$"$nt$ *# t&r$$ 'rinci'al "tr$""$"= I11 I51 I6
1nits of measurements Int$rnall#1 Soli Dor-" "imulation u"$" t&$ Int$rnational S#"t$m of Unit" 0SI3+,o%$($r1 for t&$ u"$rH" con($ni$nc$1 t&$ unit mana!$r allo%" ata $ntr# in t&r$$ iff$r$nt "#"t$m" of unit"= SI1 M$tric1 an En!li"&+ R$"ult" can *$ i"'la#$ u"in! an# of t&$ t&r$$ unit "#"t$m"+ 2i!ur$ 1/16 "ummariB$" t&$ a(aila*l$ "#"t$m" of unit"+
2i!ur$ 1/16= Unit "#"t$m" a(aila*l$ in Soli Dor-" "imulation SI, 2etric, and English systems of units can )e interchanged "hen entering data or analy(ing results in Soli Dor-" "imulation E.'$ri$nc$ in icat$" t&at unit" of ma"" $n"it# ar$ oft$n confu"$ %it& unit" of "'$cific !ra(it#+ T&$ i"tinction *$t%$$n t&$"$ t%o i" 4uit$ cl$ar in SI unit"= Ma"" $n"it# i" $.'r$""$ in 3kg4m/5, %&il$ "'$cific !ra(it# in 3*4m/5.,o%$($r1 in t&$ En!li"& "#"t$m1 *ot& "'$cific ma"" an "'$cific !ra(it# ar$ +$.'r$""$ in 3l)4in./5, %&$r$ 3l)5 $not$" $it&$r 'oun ma"" or 'oun forc$+ A" Soli Dor-" "imulation u"$r"1 %$ ar$ "'ar$ muc& confu"ion an trou*l$ %it& "#"t$m" of unit"+
1?
REC
,o%$($r1 %$ ma# *$ a"-$ to 'r$'ar$ ata or int$r'r$t t&$ r$"ult" of ot&$r 2EA "oft%ar$ %&$r$ %$ o not &a($ t&$ con($ni$nc$ of t&$ unit mana!$r+ T&$r$for$1 %$ %ill ma-$ "om$ !$n$ral comm$nt" a*out t&$ u"$ of iff$r$nt "#"t$m" of unit" in t&$ 'r$'aration of in'ut ata for 2EA mo $l"+ D$ can u"$ an# con"i"t$nt "#"t$m of unit" for 2EA mo $l"1 *ut in 'ractic$1 t&$ c&oic$ of t&$ "#"t$m of unit" i" ictat$ *# %&at unit" ar$ u"$ in t&$ CAD mo $l+ T&$ "#"t$m of unit" in CAD mo $l" i" not al%a#" con"i"t$ntC l$n!t& can *$ $.'r$""$ in 3mm5, %&il$ ma"" $n"it# can *$ $.'r$""$ in 3kg4m/5.Contrar# to CAD mo $l"1 in 2EA all unit" must *$ con"i"t$nt+ Incon"i"t$nci$" ar$ $a"# to o($rloo-1 $"'$ciall# %&$n $finin! ma"" an ma"" $n"it#1 an t&$# can l$a to ($r# "$riou" $rror"+ SI, 2etric, and English systems of units can )e interchanged "hen entering data or analy(ing results in Soli Dor-" "imulation E.'$ri$nc$ in icat$" t&at unit" of ma"" $n"it# ar$ oft$n confu"$ %it& unit" of "'$cific !ra(it#+ T&$ i"tinction *$t%$$n t&$"$ t%o i" 4uit$ cl$ar in SI unit"= Ma"" $n"it# i" $.'r$""$ in 3kg4m/5, %&il$ "'$cific !ra(it# in 3*4m/5.,o%$($r1 in t&$ En!li"& "#"t$m1 *ot& "'$cific ma"" an "'$cific !ra(it# ar$ +$.'r$""$ in 3l)4in./5, %&$r$ 3l)5 $not$" $it&$r 'oun ma"" or 'oun forc$+ A" Soli Dor-" "imulation u"$r"1 %$ ar$ "'ar$ muc& confu"ion an trou*l$ %it& "#"t$m" of unit"+ ,o%$($r1 %$ ma# *$ a"-$ to 'r$'ar$ ata or int$r'r$t t&$ r$"ult" of ot&$r 2EA "oft%ar$ %&$r$ %$ o not &a($ t&$ con($ni$nc$ of t&$ unit mana!$r+ T&$r$for$1 %$ %ill ma-$ "om$ !$n$ral comm$nt" a*out t&$ u"$ of iff$r$nt "#"t$m" of unit" in t&$ 'r$'aration of in'ut ata for 2EA mo $l"+ D$ can u"$ an# con"i"t$nt "#"t$m of unit" for 2EA mo $l"1 *ut in 'ractic$ &i" c&oic$ of t&$ "#"t$m of unit" i" ictat$ *# %&at unit" ar$ u"$ in t&$ CAD mo $l+ T&$ "#"t$m of unit" in CAD mo $l" i" not al%a#" con"i"t$ntC l$n!t& can *$ $.'r$""$ in 3mm5, %&il$ ma"" $n"it# can *$ $.'r$""$ in 3kg4m/5.Contrar# to CAD mo $l"1 in 2EA all unit" must *$ con"i"t$nt+ Incon"i"t$nci$" ar$ $a"# to o($rloo-1 $"'$ciall# %&$n $finin! ma"" an ma"" $n"it#1 an t&$# can l$a to ($r# "$riou" $rror"+ In t&$ SI "#"t$m1 %&ic& i" *a"$ on m$t$r" 3m5 for l$n!t&1 -ilo!ram" 3kg5 for ma"" an "$con " 3s5 for tim$1 all ot&$r unit" ar$ $a"il# $ri($ from t&$"$ *a"ic unit"+ In m$c&anical $n!in$$rin!1 l$n!t& i" commonl# $.'r$""$ in millim$t$r" 3mm5, forc$ in N$%ton 3*5, an tim$ in "$con " 3s5. All ot&$r unit" mu"t t&$n *$ $ri($ from t&$"$ *a"ic unit"= 3mm5, 3*5, an 3s5.Con"$4u$ntl#1 t&$ unit of ma"" i" $fin$ a" a ma"" %&ic&1 %&$n "u*A$ct$ to a unit forc$ $4ual to IN1 %ill acc$l$rat$ %it& a unit acc$l$ration of 1 mm)"5+T&$r$for$1 t&$ unit of ma"" in a "#"t$m u"in! 3mm5 for l$n!t& an 3*5 for forc$1 i" $4ui(al$nt to 11000 -! or on$ m$tric ton+ Con"$4u$ntl#1 ma"" $n"it# i" $.'r$""$ in m$tric tonn$ 3tonne4mm/5. T&i" i" criticall# im'ortant to r$m$m*$r %&$n $finin! mat$rial 'ro'$rti$" in 2EA "oft%ar$ %it&out a unit mana!$r+ Notic$ in fi!ur$ 1/ 14 t&at an $rron$ou" $finition of ma"" $n"it# in 3kg4m/5 rat&$r t&an in 3tonne4mm/5 r$"ult" in ma"" $n"it# *$in! on$ trillion 010153 tim$" &i!&$r 0fi!ur$ 1/143+
1@
REC
2i!ur$ 1/14= Ma"" $n"iti$" of aluminum in t&$ t&r$$ "#"t$m" of unit" #omparison of numerical values of mass densities of aluminum defined in this system of units "ith the system of units derived from SI, and "ith the English %I6S' system of units.
50
REC
To '$rform i"'lac$m$nt an "tr$"" anal#"i" for t&$ !i($n *$am" 0Sim'l# "u''ort$ 1 Cantil$($r> 2i.$ $n "3 u"in! "oli %or-" "imulation an anal#tical $.'r$""ion"+ P/(<%.# D.+=/"-'"()2 0i3 A i"tri*ut$ loa > Point loa %ill *$ a''li$ to a "oli "t$$l *$am %it& a r$ctan!ular cro"" "$ction a" "&o%n in t&$ fi!ur$ 01+13 *$lo%+ T&$ cro""/"$ction of t&$ *$am i" 165mm . 5<4mm %&il$ t&$ mo ulu" of $la"ticit# of t&$ "t$$l i" 510:Pa+ 2in r$action1 $fl$ction an "tr$""$" in t&$ *$am+
2i!+1+1
0ii3 A i"tri*ut$ loa > Point loa %ill *$ a''li$ to a "oli "t$$l *$am %it& a r$ctan!ular cro"" "$ction a" "&o%n in t&$ fi!ur$ 01+53 *$lo%+ T&$ cro""/"$ction of t&$ *$am i" 1;0mm . 600mm %&il$ t&$ mo ulu" of $la"ticit# of t&$ "t$$l i" 510:Pa+ 2in r$action1 $fl$ction an "tr$""$" in t&$ *$am+
2i!+1+5
51
REC
0iii3 A i"tri*ut$ loa > Point loa %ill *$ a''li$ to a "oli "t$$l *$am %it& a r$ctan!ular cro"" "$ction a" "&o%n in t&$ fi!ur$ 01+63 *$lo%+ T&$ cro""/"$ction of t&$ *$am i" ;75mm . 1144mm %&il$ t&$ mo ulu" of $la"ticit# of t&$ "t$$l i" 510:Pa+ 2in r$action1 $fl$ction an "tr$""$" in t&$ *$am+
2i!+1+6
P/(<%.# ,I0 Creation of solid model S(%": -&/' 12 Sketch module0 O'$n a n$% 'art fil$ L"$l$ct t&$ ri!&t 'lan$ L"$l$ct normal (i$%L ra% r$ctan!ular "&a'$ L"$l$ct "mart im$n"ion" mo if# t&$ im$n"ion" a" 165 G 5<4 mm Feature 2odule0 S$l$ct t&$ "-$tc&1 L "$l$ct $.tru $ *o"" L $.tru $ %it& a l$n!t& 6000mm L o-+ S(%": -&/' 22 Sketch module0 S$l$ct t&$ ri!&t $n fac$ L"$l$ct normal (i$%L ra% r$ctan!ular "&a'$ L"$l$ct "mart im$n"ion" mo if# t&$ im$n"ion" a" 165 G 5<4 mm Feature 2odule0
55
REC
S$l$ct t&$ "-$tc&5 L "$l$ct $.tru $ *o"" L $.tru $ %it& t&ic-n$"" 6000mm L un"$l$ct m$r!$ com'on$nt L o-+ T&$ mo $l mu"t *$ a "oli o*A$ct R$f$r$nc$ 'oint= S-$tc& L 'oint L S$l$ct t&$ to' "urfac$ L "$l$ct normal (i$% L locat$ a 'oint L"$l$ct "mart im$n"ion" mo if# t&$ location of t&$ 'oint a" 5000 mm from ri!&t $n L o-+ S$l$ct r$f$r$nc$ 'oint L "$l$ct "-$tc&6 0'oint3 > to' "urfac$ L o
Analysis the solid model St$' *# "t$' 'roc$ ur$ for t&$ anal#"i"+ Simulation Module: 9$rif# t&at "imulation mo $ i" "$l$ct$ in t&$ A /ln" li"t+ To "tart Simulation1 Onc$ Soli Dor-" Simulation &a" *$$n a $ 1 Simulation "&o%" in t&$ main Soli Dor-" tool m$nu+ S$l$ct t&$ "imulation Mana!$r ta*+
New Study:
To $fin$ a n$% "tu #1 "$l$ct N$% Stu # $it&$r from t&$ Simulation m$nu or t&$ Simulation Comman Mana!$r M D&$n a "tu # i" $fin$ 1 Soli Dor-" Simulation cr$at$" a "tu # %in o% locat$ *$lo% t&$ Soli Dor-" 2$atur$ Mana!$r %in o% an 'lac$" "$($ral fol $r" in it+ It al"o a " a "tu # ta* t&at 'ro(i $" acc$"" to t&$ %in o%+
56
REC
Static Study:
To "$l$ct "tatic "tu # in t&$ "tu # ta*+ Simulation automaticall# cr$at$" a "tu # fol $r %it& t&$ follo%in! "u* fol $r"= Static Stu #1 Conn$ction"1 2i.tur$"1 Loa "1 M$"& an R$'ort fol $r+
Ri!&t clic- on t&$ Static "tu # / Tr$at t&$ "oli 'art 1 > 5 a" a *$am "$'arat$l#+ Apply Materials: To a''l# mat$rial to t&$ Simulation mo $l1 ri!&t/clic- t&$ "oli 'art fol $r in t&$ "imulation "tu #L "$l$ct A''l#)E it Mat$rial from t&$ 'o'/u' m$nu L T&i" action o'$n" t&$ Mat$rial L S$l$ct 2rom li*rar# fil$" in t&$ S$l$ct mat$rial "ourc$ ar$aL S$l$ct Allo# St$$l+
54
REC
Calculate the Joints: To calculat$ t&$ AointL Ri!&t/clic- t&$ Aoint" fol $r in Static "tu # L $ it L calculat$ L o- 0aft$r fin in! i"'la# of no+ of Aoint" mo $l3
5;
REC
Apply Fixtures:
To $fin$ t&$ 2i.tur$013 at $n AL Ri!&t/clic- t&$ 2i.tur$ fol $r in Static "tu # L "$l$ct fi.$ !$om$tr# a" 2i.tur$ t#'$ L S$l$ct t&$ l$ft $n Aoint %&$r$ 2i.tur$ i" to *$ a''li$ L S$l$ct immo(a*l$ !$om$tr# L o-+
5<
REC
To $fin$ t&$ 2i.tur$ 053 at $n B L Ri!&t/clic- t&$ 2i.tur$ fol $r in Static "tu # L "$l$ct fi.$ !$om$tr# a" 2i.tur$ t#'$ L S$l$ct t&$ ri!&t $n AointL S$l$ct r$f$r$nc$ !$om$tr# a" fi.tur$ t#'$ L S$l$ct t&$ to' "urfac$ a" r$f$r$nc$ 'lan$ to r$'r$"$nt t&$ ir$ction of t&$ forc$ L S$l$ct t&$ forc$ ir$ction %&ic& i" normal to t&$ "$l$ct$ r$f$r$nc$ 'lan$ L Ent$r (al($ 0 L In t&$ !ra'&ic %in o% not$ t&$ "#m*ol" of t&$ a''li$ 2i.tur$+
Apply loads: D$ no% $fin$ t&$ loa *# "$l$ctin! 2orc$ from t&$ 'o'/u' m$nu+ T&i" action o'$n" t&$ 2orc$ %in o%+ T&$ 2orc$ %in o% i"'la#" t&$ 'ortion %&$r$ 'oint loa > uniforml# i"tri*ut$ loa i" a''li$ UDL= Ri!&t clic- t&$ loa fol $r L S$l$ct forc$" L "$l$ct t&$ "oli 'art1 L "$l$ct loa ) m L "$l$ct t&$ to' "urfac$ a" r$f$r$nc$ 'lan$ to r$'r$"$nt t&$ ir$ction of t&$ forc$+ T&i" illu"tration al"o "&o%" "#m*ol" of a''li$ r$"traint an loa L "$l$ct t&$ forc$ ir$ction %&ic& i" normal to t&$ "$l$ct$ r$f$r$nc$ *utton in or $r to loa t&$ *$am %it& 501000 N)m of uniforml# i"tri*ut$ loa o($r t&$ "$l$ct$ fac$ L o-+
57
REC
Point Loa = Ri!&t clic- t&$ loa fol $r L S$l$ct forc$" L "$l$ct t&$ r$f$r$nc$ 'oint L "$l$ct t&$ to' "urfac$ a" r$f$r$nc$ 'lan$ to r$'r$"$nt t&$ ir$ction of t&$ forc$ L "$l$ct t&$ forc$ ir$ction %&ic& i" normal to t&$ "$l$ct$ r$f$r$nc$ *utton in or $r to loa t&$ *$am %it& 501000 N of 'oint loa on t&$ "$l$ct$ 'oint L o-+
5?
REC
Create the mesh: D$ ar$ no% r$a # to m$"& t&$ mo $l L Ri!&t/clic- t&$ M$"& fol $r L cr$at$ m$"& un the analysis:
Ri!&t/clic-" t&$ "imulation mo $ L S$l$ct Run to "tart t&$ "olution+ A "ucc$""ful or fail$ "olution i" r$'ort$ an mu"t *$ ac-no%l$ !$ *$for$ 'roc$$ in! to anal#"i" of r$"ult"+ D&$n t&$ "olution com'l$t$" "ucc$""full#1 Simulation cr$at$" a R$"ult" fol $r %it& r$"ult 'lot" %&ic& ar$ $fin$ in Simulation D$fault O'tion"+
esults: Dit& t&$ "olution com'l$t$ "imulation automaticall# cr$at$" R$"ult" fol $r %it& "$($ral n$% fol $r" in t&$ "tu # Mana!$r Din o% li-$ Str$""1 Di"'lac$m$nt1 an Strain > D$formation+ Eac& fol $r &ol " an automaticall# cr$at$ 'lot %it& it" r$"'$cti($ t#'$ of r$"ult"+ T&$ "olution can *$ $.$cut$ %it& iff$r$nt 'ro'$rti$"+ S$l$ct on$ of t&$ follo%in! anal#"$" #ou %ant to "$$= Str$"" i"tri*ution Di"'lac$m$nt i"tri*ution D$form$ "&a'$
5@
REC
Ma-$ "ur$ t&at t&$ a*o($ 'lot" ar$ $fin$ in #our confi!uration1 if not1 $fin$ t&$m+ Onc$ t&$ "olution com'l$t$"1 #ou can a mor$ 'lot" to t&$ R$"ult" fol $r+ You can al"o cr$at$ "u*fol $r" in t&$ R$"ult" fol $r to !rou' 'lot"+ To i"'la# "tr$"" r$"ult"1 ou*l$/clic- on t&$ Str$""1 icon in t&$ R$"ult" fol $r or ri!&t/clic- it an "$l$ct S&o% from t&$ 'o'/u' m$nu+ P/(<%.# ,""0 B ,"""0 2ollo% t&$ "am$ 'roc$ ur$ %it& r$4uir$ c&an!$"+ R.+$%'2 T&$ anal#"i" of t&$ *$am %a" carri$ out u"in! t&$ "oli %or-" "imulation an t&$ "oft%ar$ r$"ult" %$r$ com'ar$ %it& t&$or$tical or anal#tical r$"ult"+
60
REC
To '$rform i"'lac$m$nt an "tr$"" anal#"i" for t&$ !i($n r$ctan!ular 'lat$ %it& &ol$" u"in! "oli %or-" "imulation an anal#tical $.'r$""ion"+ !ro"lem description: A "t$$l 'lat$ %it& 6 &ol$" 6mm1 ;mm > 10 mm r$"'$cti($l# i" "u''ort$ an loa $ 1 a" "&o%n in fi!ur$+ D$ a""um$ t&at t&$ "u''ort i" ri!i 0t&i" i" al"o call$ *uilt/in "u''ort or fi.$ "u''ort3 an t&at t&$ 50 NN t$n"il$ loa i" uniforml# i"tri*ut$ on t&$ $n fac$1 o''o"it$ to t&$ "u''ort$ fac$+ T&$ cro"" "$ction i" 1; mm . 5; mm+ l$n!t& i" 100mm+ Mat$rial 0Allo# "t$$l3
T K 1;mm
DK6mm DK;mm DK10mm
, K 5;mm
L K 100mm
Creation of the solid model using solid wor#s S#etch module: S-$tc&013 M O'$n a n$% 'art fil$ L"$l$ct t&$ front 'lan$ L"$l$ct normal (i$%L ra% r$ctan!ular "&a'$ L"$l$ct "mart im$n"ion" mo if# t&$ im$n"ion" a" 1; G 5; mmL Dra% t&r$$ circl$" a" 6mm1 ;mm > 10 mm %it& 5;mm i"tanc$+
61
REC
Feature Module: 2$atur$ 013 M S$l$ct t&$ "-$tc& 0O3 L S$l$ct $.tru $ *o"" L $.tru $ %it& t&ic-n$"" 100mm+ S#etch module: S-$tc& 053 L "$l$ct t&$ front "urfac$ L"$l$ct normal (i$% L Dra% t&r$$ circl$" a" 6mm1 ;mm > 10 mm %it& 5;mm i"tanc$+ Feature Module: 2$atur$ 053 M S$l$ct t&$ "-$tc& 053 L "$l$ct $.tru $ cut L $.tru $ %it& t&ic-n$"" 1;mm L oAnalysis of the solid model Simulation Module: 9$rif# t&at "imulation mo $ i" "$l$ct$ in t&$ A /l$n" li"t+ To "tart Simulation1 Onc$ Soli Dor-" Simulation &a" *$$n a $ 1 Simulation "&o%" in t&$ main Soli Dor-" tool m$nu+ S$l$ct t&$ "imulation Mana!$r ta*+
New Study:
To $fin$ a n$% "tu #1 "$l$ct N$% Stu # $it&$r from t&$ Simulation m$nu or t&$ Simulation Comman Mana!$r M D&$n a "tu # i" $fin$ 1 Soli Dor-" Simulation cr$at$" a "tu # %in o% locat$ *$lo% t&$ Soli Dor-" 2$atur$ Mana!$r %in o% an 'lac$" "$($ral fol $r" in it+ It al"o a " a "tu # ta* t&at 'ro(i $" acc$"" to t&$ %in o%+ Static Study: To "$l$ct "tatic "tu # in t&$ "tu # ta*+ Simulation automaticall# cr$at$" a "tu # fol $r %it& t&$ follo%in! "u* fol $r"= Static Stu #1 Conn$ction"1 2i.tur$"1 Loa "1 M$"& an R$'ort fol $r+ Apply Materials: To a''l# mat$rial to t&$ Simulation mo $l1 ri!&t/clic- t&$ 'art fol $r in "imulation "tu # an "$l$ct A''l#)E it Mat$rial from t&$ 'o'/u' m$nu L T&i" action o'$n" t&$ Mat$rial L S$l$ct 2rom li*rar# fil$" in t&$ S$l$ct mat$rial "ourc$ ar$aL S$l$ct Allo# St$$l+
65
REC
Apply Fixtures: To $fin$ t&$ 2i.tur$"L Ri!&t/clic- t&$ 2i.tur$ fol $r in Static "tu # L "$l$ct fi.$ !$om$tr# a" 2i.tur$ t#'$ L "$l$ct t&$ l$ft $n fac$ L o Apply loads: D$ no% $fin$ t&$ loa *# "$l$ctin! 2orc$ from t&$ 'o'/u' m$nu+ T&$ 2orc$ %in o% i"'la#" t&$ "$l$ct$ fac$ %&$r$ t$n"il$ forc$ i" a''li$ LS$l$ct u"$ r$f$r$nc$ !$om$tr# L S$l$ct t&$ ri!&t 'lan$ a" r$f$r$nc$ 'lan$ to r$'r$"$nt t&$ ir$ction of t&$ forc$+ L S$l$ct t&$ forc$ ir$ction %&ic& i" normal to t&$ "$l$ct$ r$f$r$nc$ 'lan$ *utton in or $r to loa t&$ Mo $l %it& 501000 N of t$n"il$ forc$ uniforml# i"tri*ut$ o($r t&$ $n fac$+
Create the mesh:
D$ ar$ no% r$a # to m$"& t&$ mo $l L Ri!&t/clic- t&$ M$"& fol $r L cr$at$ m$"& un the analysis: Ri!&t/clic-in! t&$ "imulation mo $ L S$l$ct Run to "tart t&$ "olution+ A "ucc$""ful or fail$ "olution i" r$'ort$ an mu"t *$ ac-no%l$ !$ *$for$ 'roc$$ in! to anal#"i" of r$"ult"+ D&$n t&$ "olution com'l$t$" "ucc$""full#1 Simulation cr$at$" a R$"ult" fol $r %it& r$"ult 'lot" %&ic& ar$ $fin$ in Simulation D$fault O'tion"+ esults: Dit& t&$ "olution com'l$t$ "imulation automaticall# cr$at$" R$"ult" fol $r %it& "$($ral n$% fol $r" in t&$ "tu # Mana!$r Din o% li-$ Str$""1 Di"'lac$m$nt1 an Strain > D$formation+ Eac& fol $r &ol " an automaticall# cr$at$ 'lot %it& it" r$"'$cti($ t#'$ of r$"ult"+ Str$""1 "&o%in! in normal . ir$ction Di"'lac$m$nt1 "&o%in! r$"ultant i"'lac$m$nt" To i"'la# "tr$"" r$"ult"1 ou*l$/clic- on t&$ Str$""1 icon in t&$ R$"ult" fol $r or ri!&t/clic- it an "$l$ct S&o% from t&$ 'o'/u' m$nu+ R.+$%'2
66
REC
T&$ anal#"i" of t&$ r$ctan!ular 'lat$ %a" carri$ out u"in! t&$ "oli %or-" "imulation an "oft%ar$ r$"ult" %$r$ com'ar$ %it& t&$or$tical or anal#tical (alu$"+ EA! N(2 1 S'/.++ &)&%*+"+ (5 & R.='&);$%&/ L B/&=4.' A"#2 To '$rform i"'lac$m$nt an "tr$"" anal#"i" for t&$ !i($n r$ctan!ular L Brac-$t 0Dall Brac-$t3 u"in! "oli %or-" "imulation an anal#tical $.'r$""ion"+ P/(<%.# :.+=/"-'"()2 An L/"&a'$ *rac-$t i" "u''ort$ an loa $ a" "&o%n in fi!ur$ 6/1+ D$ %i"& to fin t&$ Di"'lac$m$nt" an "tr$""$" cau"$ *# a ;1000 N %&ic& i" <0P inclin$ + In 'articular1 %$ ar$ int$r$"t$ in "tr$""$" in t&$ corn$r %&$r$ t&$ ; mm roun $ !$ 0fill$t3 i" locat$ + Mat$rial :r$# Ca"t Iron+
600mm R @0mm R 70mm
70mm
T&ic-n$"" 6;mm
Creation of the solid model S#etch module: O'$n a n$% 'art fil$ L"$l$ct t&$ front 'lan$ L"$l$ct normal (i$%L ra% t&$ r$4uir$ "&a'$ L"$l$ct "mart im$n"ion"L mo if# t&$ im$n"ion" L"$l$ct fill$t mo $ L$nt$r ra iu" ;mmL"$l$ct t&$ "'$cifi$ $ !$"Lo-+
64
REC
Feature Module: S$l$ct t&$ "-$tc& L "$l$ct $.tru $ *o"" 7 "$l$ct mi 'lan$ o'tion L $.tru $ %it& t&ic-n$"" 17+;mm+ S-$tc& Point= S$l$ct t&$ front 'lan$ L normal (i$% L ra% a lin$ 0"-$tc& 53 from t&$ c$ntr$ of t&$ &ol$ %&ic& i" <0Q inclin$ to t&$ ($rtical+ S$l$ct t&$ front 'lan$ L locat$ t&$ int$r"$ction 'oint of <0Q inclin$ lin$ > "-$tc& 6 Lo-+ R$f$r$nc$ 'oint= S$l$ct r$f$r$nc$ 'oint !$om$tr# L "$l$ct "-$tc& 6 'oint > inn$r "urfac$ of t&$ &ol$ L o-+
Analysis of the solid model Simulation Module: 9$rif# t&at "imulation mo $ i" "$l$ct$ in t&$ A /ln" li"t+ To "tart Simulation1 Onc$ Soli Dor-" Simulation &a" *$$n a $ 1 Simulation "&o%" in t&$ main Soli Dor-" tool m$nu+ S$l$ct t&$ "imulation Mana!$r ta*+
New Study:
To $fin$ a n$% "tu #1 "$l$ct N$% Stu # $it&$r from t&$ Simulation m$nu or t&$ Simulation Comman Mana!$r M D&$n a "tu # i" $fin$ 1 Soli Dor-" Simulation cr$at$" a "tu # %in o% locat$ *$lo% t&$ Soli Dor-" 2$atur$ Mana!$r %in o% an 'lac$" "$($ral fol $r" in it+ It al"o a " a "tu # ta* t&at 'ro(i $" acc$"" to t&$ %in o%+ Static Study: To "$l$ct "tatic "tu # in t&$ "tu # ta*+ Simulation automaticall# cr$at$" a "tu # fol $r %it& t&$ follo%in! "u* fol $r"= Static Stu #1 Conn$ction"1 2i.tur$"1 Loa "1 M$"& an R$'ort fol $r+ Apply Materials: To a''l# mat$rial to t&$ Simulation mo $l1 ri!&t/clic- t&$ 'art
6;
REC
fol $r in "imulation "tu # an "$l$ct A''l#)E it Mat$rial from t&$ 'o'/u' m$nu L T&i" action o'$n" t&$ Mat$rial L S$l$ct 2rom li*rar# fil$" in t&$ S$l$ct mat$rial "ourc$ ar$aL S$l$ct :r$# Ca"t Iron+ Apply Fixtures: To $fin$ t&$ 2i.tur$"L Ri!&t/clic- t&$ 2i.tur$ fol $r in Static "tu # In 2i.tur$"L "$l$ct fi.$ !$om$tr# a" 2i.tur$ t#'$ L "$l$ct t&$ mo $l fac$ 0l$ft $n fac$3 %&$r$ 2i.tur$ i" to *$ a''li$ L o-+ Apply loads: Ri!&t/clic- t&$ 2orc$ fol $r L S$l$ct forc$ L S$l$ct t&$ r$f$r$nc$ 'oint L "$l$ct t&$ r$f$r$nc$ 'lan$ to r$'r$"$nt t&$ ir$ction of t&$ forc$ in or $r to loa t&$ Mo $l %it& ;000 N of %&ic& i" <0Q inclin$ ++ T&i" illu"tration al"o "&o%" "#m*ol" of a''li$ r$"traint an loa Create the mesh: D$ ar$ no% r$a # to m$"& t&$ mo $l L Ri!&t/clic- t&$ M$"& fol $r L cr$at$ m$"& un the analysis: Ri!&t/clic-in! t&$ "imulation mo $ L S$l$ct Run to "tart t&$ "olution+ D&$n t&$ "olution com'l$t$" "ucc$""full#1 Simulation cr$at$" a R$"ult" fol $r %it& r$"ult 'lot" %&ic& ar$ $fin$ in Simulation D$fault O'tion"+ esults: Dit& t&$ "olution com'l$t$ "imulation automaticall# cr$at$" R$"ult" fol $r %it& "$($ral n$% fol $r" in t&$ "tu # Mana!$r Din o% li-$ Str$""1 Di"'lac$m$nt1 an Strain > D$formation+ Eac& fol $r &ol " an automaticall# cr$at$ 'lot %it& it" r$"'$cti($ t#'$ of r$"ult"+ T&$ "olution can *$ $.$cut$ %it& iff$r$nt 'ro'$rti$"+ Str$""1 "&o%in! (on Mi""$" "tr$""$" Di"'lac$m$nt1 "&o%in! r$"ultant i"'lac$m$nt" Onc$ t&$ "olution com'l$t$"1 #ou can a mor$ 'lot" to t&$ R$"ult" fol $r+ You can al"o cr$at$ "u*fol $r" in t&$ R$"ult" fol $r to !rou' 'lot"+ To i"'la# "tr$"" r$"ult"1 ou*l$/clic- on t&$ Str$""1 icon in t&$ R$"ult" fol $r or ri!&t/clic- it an "$l$ct S&o% from t&$ 'o'/u' m$nu+
6<
REC
R.+$%'2 T&$ anal#"i" of t&$ L / Brac-$t %a" carri$ out u"in! t&$ "oli %or-" "imulation an t&$ "oft%ar$ r$"ult" %$r$ com'ar$ %it& anal#tical (alu$"+ EA!M(!4 S'/.++ &)&%*+"+ (5 &) &A"-+*##.'/"= =(#-().)' A"#2 To '$rform "tr$"" anal#"i" for t&$ !i($n a.i/"#mm$tric com'on$nt+ P/(<%.# :.+=/"-'"()2 Creation of the solid model S#etch module: O'$n a n$% 'art fil$ L"$l$ct t&$ to' 'lan$ L"$l$ct normal (i$%L ra% t&$ r$ctan!ular "&a'$ L"$l$ct "mart im$n"ion"L mo if# t&$ im$n"ion" 1000mm . 1;mm Lo-+ S$l$ct "-$tc& L ra% c$ntr$ a.i" L o-+ Feature Module: S$l$ct t&$ "-$tc& L "$l$ct r$(ol($ 7 "$l$ct t&$ c$ntr$ a.i"L r$(olution an!l$ @0Q+ Surface Module: S$l$ct "urfac$ L mi "urfac$ L"$l$ct t&$ t%o out$r fac$" Lo-+ Ri!&t clic- t&$ "urfac$ mo $l L $ it $finition L $nt$r t&ic-n$"" 1;mm L o-+
To $fin$ a n$% "tu # L "$l$ct N$% Stu # L"tatic Lo-+ Static Study:
67
REC
To "$l$ct "tatic "tu # in t&$ "tu # ta*+ Simulation automaticall# cr$at$" a "tu # fol $r %it& t&$ follo%in! "u* fol $r"= Static Stu #1 Conn$ction"1 2i.tur$"1 Loa "1 M$"& an R$'ort fol $r+ Apply Materials: To a''l# mat$rial to t&$ Simulation mo $l L ri!&t/clic- t&$ 'art fol $r in "imulation "tu # an "$l$ct A''l#)E it Mat$rial L Allo# "t$$l L o-+ Apply Fixtures: To $fin$ t&$ 2i.tur$"L Ri!&t/clic- t&$ 2i.tur$ fol $r in Static "tu # In 2i.tur$"L "$l$ct A (anc$ !$om$tr# L "$l$ct "#mm$tr# L "$l$ct t&$ $n fac$" 0l$ft > ri!&t $n fac$3 %&$r$ 2i.tur$ i" to *$ a''li$ L o-+ Apply loads: Ri!&t/clic- t&$ 2orc$ fol $r L S$l$ct Pr$""ur$ L S$l$ct t&$ inn$r "urfac$ of t&$ "$ctor LEnt$r 'r$""ur$ 1+;M'a L o-+ Create the mesh: Ri!&t/clic- t&$ M$"& fol $r L cr$at$ m$"& L "$l$ct Automatic tran"ition Lo-+ un the analysis: S$l$ct Run to "tart t&$ "olution esults: T&$ "olution can *$ $.$cut$ %it& iff$r$nt 'ro'$rti$"+ "tr$""$" i"'lac$m$nt" "train"
R.+$%'2 T&$ anal#"i" of t&$ a.i/"#mm$tric com'on$nt %a" carri$ out u"in! t&$ "oli %or-" "imulation an t&$ "oft%ar$ r$"ult" %$r$ com'ar$ %it& anal#tical (alu$"+
6?
REC
EA! N(2 5
EA! N(2 6
REC
EA! N(2 D
EA! N(2 E
40
REC
EA! N(2 F
AIM:
EA! N(2 10
41
REC
INTRODUCTION=
T&$ MATLABS &i!&/'$rformanc$ lan!ua!$ for t$c&nical com'utin! int$!rat$" com'utation1 (i"ualiBation1 an 'ro!rammin! in an $a"#/to/u"$ $n(ironm$nt %&$r$ 'ro*l$m" an "olution" ar$ $.'r$""$ in familiar mat&$matical notation+ T#'ical u"$" inclu $ H Mat& an com'utation H Al!orit&m $($lo'm$nt H Data ac4ui"ition H Mo $lin!1 "imulation1 an 'rotot#'in! H Data anal#"i"1 $.'loration1 an (i"ualiBation H Sci$ntific an $n!in$$rin! !ra'&ic" H A''lication $($lo'm$nt1 Inclu in! !ra'&ical u"$r int$rfac$ *uil in! MATLAB i" an int$racti($ "#"t$m %&o"$ *a"ic ata $l$m$nt i" an arra# t&at o$" not r$4uir$ im$n"ionin!+ It allo%" #ou to "ol($ man# t$c&nical com'utin! 'ro*l$m"1 $"'$ciall# t&o"$ %it& matri. an ($ctor formulation"1 in a fraction of t&$ tim$ it %oul ta-$ to %rit$ a 'ro!ram in a "calar nonint$racti($ lan!ua!$ "uc& a" C or 2ORTRAN+ T&$ nam$ MATLAB "tan " for matri& la)oratory+ MATLAB %a" ori!inall# %ritt$n to 'ro(i $ $a"# acc$"" to matri. "oft%ar$ $($lo'$ *# t&$ LINPACN an EISPACN 'roA$ct"+ To a#1 MATLAB $n!in$" incor'orat$ t&$ LAPACN an BLAS li*rari$"1 $m*$ in! t&$ "tat$ of t&$ art in "oft%ar$ for matri. com'utation+
45
REC
SIMULINK INTRODUCTION2 Simulin- i" a !ra'&ical $.t$n"ion to MATLAB for mo $lin! an "imulation of "#"t$m"+ In Simulin-1 "#"t$m" ar$ ra%n on "cr$$n a" *locia!ram"+ Man# $l$m$nt" of *loc- ia!ram" ar$ a(aila*l$1 "uc& a" tran"f$r function"1 "ummin! Aunction"1 $tc+1 a" %$ll a" (irtual in'ut an out'ut $(ic$" "uc& a" function !$n$rator" an o"cillo"co'$"+ Simulin- i" int$!rat$ %it& MATLAB an ata can *$ $a"il# tran"f$rr$ *$t%$$n t&$ 'ro!ram"+ In t&$"$ tutorial"1 %$ %ill a''l# Simulin- to t&$ $.am'l$" from t&$ MATLAB tutorial" to mo $l t&$ "#"t$m"1 *uil controll$r"1 an "imulat$ t&$ "#"t$m"+ Simulin- i" "u''ort$ on Uni.1 Macinto"&1 an Din o%" $n(ironm$nt"C an i" inclu $ in t&$ "tu $nt ($r"ion of MATLAB for '$r"onal com'ut$r"+ T&$ i $a *$&in t&$"$ tutorial" i" t&at #ou can (i$% t&$m in on$ %in o% %&il$ runnin! Simulin- in anot&$r %in o%+ S#"t$m mo $l fil$" can *$ o%nloa $ from t&$ tutorial" an o'$n$ in Simulin-+ You %ill mo if# an
46
REC
$.t$n t&$"$ "#"t$m %&il$ l$arnin! to u"$ Simulin- for "#"t$m mo $lin!1 control1 an "imulation+ Do not confu"$ t&$ %in o%"1 icon"1 an m$nu" in t&$ tutorial" for #our actual Simulin- %in o%"+ Mo"t ima!$" in t&$"$ tutorial" ar$ not li($ / t&$# "im'l# i"'la# %&at #ou "&oul "$$ in #our o%n Simulin- %in o%"+ All Simulin- o'$ration" "&oul *$ on$ in #our Simulin- %in o%"+
1+ 5+ 6+ 4+ ;+
Startin! SimulinMo $l 2il$" Ba"ic El$m$nt" Runnin! Simulation" Buil in! S#"t$m"
S'&/'"); S"#$%")4 Simulin- i" "tart$ from t&$ MATLAB comman 'rom't *# $nt$rin! t&$ follo%in! comman = MM SimulinAlt$rnati($l#1 #ou can &it t&$ Simulin- *utton at t&$ to' of t&$ MATLAB %in o% a" "&o%n *$lo%=
REC
O'$n t&$ mo $lin! %in o% %it& N$% t&$n Mo $l from t&$ 2il$ m$nu on t&$ Simulin- Li*rar# Bro%"$r a" "&o%n a*o($+ T&i" %ill *rin! u' a n$% untitil$ mo $lin! %in o% "&o%n *$lo%+
4;
REC
M(:.% F"%.+ In Simulin-1 a mo $l i" a coll$ction of *loc-" %&ic&1 in !$n$ral1 r$'r$"$nt" a "#"t$m+ In a ition to ra%in! a mo $l into a *lan- mo $l %in o%1 'r$(iou"l# "a($ mo $l fil$" can *$ loa $ $it&$r from t&$ 2il$ m$nu or from t&$ MATLAB comman 'rom't+ You can o'$n "a($ fil$" in Simulin- *# $nt$rin! t&$ follo%in! comman in t&$ MATLAB comman %in o%+ 0Alt$rnati($l#1 #ou can loa a fil$ u"in! t&$ O'$n o'tion in t&$ 2il$ m$nu in Simulin-1 or *# &ittin! CtrlTO in Simulin-+3 MM fil$nam$ T&$ follo%in! i" an $.am'l$ mo $l %in o%+
4<
REC
A n$% mo $l can *$ cr$at$ *# "$l$ctin! N$% from t&$ 2il$ m$nu in an# Simulin- %in o% 0or *# &ittin! CtrlTN3+ B&+"= E%.#.)'+ T&$r$ ar$ t%o maAor cla""$" of it$m" in Simulin-= *loc-" an lin$"+ Bloc-" ar$ u"$ to !$n$rat$1 mo if#1 com*in$1 out'ut1 an i"'la# "i!nal"+ Lin$" ar$ u"$ to tran"f$r "i!nal" from on$ *loc- to anot&$r+ B%(=4+ T&$r$ ar$ "$($ral !$n$ral cla""$" of *loc-"= Continuou" Di"continuou" Di"cr$t$ Loo-/U' Ta*l$" Mat& O'$ration" Mo $l 9$rification Mo $l/Di $ Utiliti$" Port" > Su*"#"t$m" Si!nal Attri*ut$" Si!nal Routin! Sin-"= U"$ to out'ut or i"'la# "i!nal" Sourc$"= U"$ to !$n$rat$ (ariou" "i!nal" U"$r/D$fin$ 2unction" Di"cr$t$= Lin$ar1 i"cr$t$/tim$ "#"t$m $l$m$nt" 0tran"f$r function"1 "tat$/ "'ac$ mo $l"1 $tc+3 Lin$ar= Lin$ar1 continuou"/tim$ "#"t$m $l$m$nt" an conn$ction" 0"ummin! Aunction"1 !ain"1 $tc+3 Nonlin$ar= Nonlin$ar o'$rator" 0ar*itrar# function"1 "aturation1 $la#1 $tc+3 Conn$ction"= Multi'l$.1 D$multi'l$.1 S#"t$m Macro"1 $tc+ Bloc-" &a($ B$ro to "$($ral in'ut t$rminal" an B$ro to "$($ral out'ut t$rminal"+ Unu"$ in'ut t$rminal" ar$ in icat$ *# a "mall o'$n trian!l$+ Unu"$ out'ut t$rminal" ar$ in icat$ *# a "mall trian!ular 'oint+ T&$ *loc"&o%n *$lo% &a" an unu"$ in'ut t$rminal on t&$ l$ft an an unu"$ out'ut t$rminal on t&$ ri!&t+
47
REC
L").+ Lin$" tran"mit "i!nal" in t&$ ir$ction in icat$ *# t&$ arro%+ Lin$" mu"t al%a#" tran"mit "i!nal" from t&$ out'ut t$rminal of on$ *loc- to t&$ in'ut t$rminal of anot&$r *loc-+ On$ $.c$'tion to t&i" i" a lin$ can ta' off of anot&$r lin$1 "'littin! t&$ "i!nal to $ac& of t%o $"tination *loc-"1 a" "&o%n *$lo%+
Lin$" can n$($r inA$ct a "i!nal into anot&$r lin$C lin$" mu"t *$ com*in$ t&rou!& t&$ u"$ of a *loc- "uc& a" a "ummin! Aunction+ A "i!nal can *$ $it&$r a "calar "i!nal or a ($ctor "i!nal+ 2or Sin!l$/In'ut1 Sin!l$/Out'ut "#"t$m"1 "calar "i!nal" ar$ !$n$rall# u"$ + 2or Multi/In'ut1 Multi/Out'ut "#"t$m"1 ($ctor "i!nal" ar$ oft$n u"$ 1 con"i"tin! of t%o or mor$ "calar "i!nal"+ T&$ lin$" u"$ to tran"mit "calar an ($ctor "i!nal" ar$ i $ntical+ T&$ t#'$ of "i!nal carri$ *# a lin$ i" $t$rmin$ *# t&$ *loc-" on $it&$r $n of t&$ lin$+ S"#-%. EA&#-%.
4?
REC
T&$ simple mo $l 0from t&$ mo $l fil$" "$ction3 con"i"t" of t&r$$ *loc-"= St$'1 Tran"f$r 2cn1 an Sco'$+ T&$ St$' i" a "ourc$ *loc- from %&ic& a "t$' in'ut "i!nal ori!inat$"+ T&i" "i!nal i" tran"f$rr$ t&rou!& t&$ lin$ in t&$ ir$ction in icat$ *# t&$ arro% to t&$ Tran"f$r 2unction lin$ar *loc-+ T&$ Tran"f$r 2unction mo ifi$" it" in'ut "i!nal an out'ut" a n$% "i!nal on a lin$ to t&$ Sco'$+ T&$ Sco'$ i" a "in- *loc- u"$ to i"'la# a "i!nal muc& li-$ an o"cillo"co'$+ T&$r$ ar$ man# mor$ t#'$" of *loc-" a(aila*l$ in Simulin-1 "om$ of %&ic& %ill *$ i"cu""$ lat$r+ Ri!&t no%1 %$ %ill $.amin$ Au"t t&$ t&r$$ %$ &a($ u"$ in t&$ "im'l$ mo $l+ M(:"5*"); B%(=4+ A *loc- can *$ mo ifi$ *# ou*l$/clic-in! on it+ 2or $.am'l$1 if #ou ou*l$/clic- on t&$ ETran"f$r 2cnE *loc- in t&$ simple mo $l1 #ou %ill "$$ t&$ follo%in! ialo! *o.+
4@
REC
T&i" ialo! *o. contain" fi$l " for t&$ num$rator an t&$ $nominator of t&$ *loc-H" tran"f$r function+ B# $nt$rin! a ($ctor containin! t&$ co$ffici$nt" of t&$ $"ir$ num$rator or $nominator 'ol#nomial1 t&$ $"ir$ tran"f$r function can *$ $nt$r$ + 2or $.am'l$1 to c&an!$ t&$ $nominator to "U5T5"T11 $nt$r t&$ follo%in! into t&$ $nominator fi$l = V1 5 1W an &it t&$ clo"$ *utton1 t&$ mo $l %in o% %ill c&an!$ to t&$ follo%in!=
%&ic& r$fl$ct" t&$ c&an!$ in t&$ $nominator of t&$ tran"f$r function+ T&$ E"t$'E *loc- can al"o *$ ou*l$/clic-$ 1 *rin!in! u' t&$ follo%in! ialo! *o.+
;0
REC
T&$ $fault 'aram$t$r" in t&i" ialo! *o. !$n$rat$ a "t$' function occurrin! at tim$K1 "$c1 from an initial l$($l of B$ro to a l$($l of 1+ 0in ot&$r %or "1 a unit "t$' at tK13+ Eac& of t&$"$ 'aram$t$r" can *$ c&an!$ + Clo"$ t&i" ialo! *$for$ continuin!+ T&$ mo"t com'licat$ of t&$"$ t&r$$ *loc-" i" t&$ ESco'$E *loc-+ Dou*l$ clic-in! on t&i" *rin!" u' a *lan- o"cillo"co'$ "cr$$n+
;1
REC
D&$n a "imulation i" '$rform$ 1 t&$ "i!nal %&ic& f$$ " into t&$ "co'$ %ill *$ i"'la#$ in t&i" %in o%+ D$tail$ o'$ration of t&$ "co'$ %ill not *$ co($r$ in t&i" tutorial+ T&$ onl# function %$ %ill u"$ i" t&$ auto"cal$ *utton1 %&ic& a''$ar" a" a 'air of *inocular" in t&$ u''$r 'ortion of t&$ %in o%+ R$))"); S"#$%&'"()+ To run a "imulation1 %$ %ill %or- %it& t&$ follo%in! mo $l fil$= "im'l$5+m l Do%nloa an o'$n t&i" fil$ in Simulin- follo%in! t&$ 'r$(iou" in"truction" for t&i" fil$+ You "&oul "$$ t&$ follo%in! mo $l %in o%+
B$for$ runnin! a "imulation of t&i" "#"t$m1 fir"t o'$n t&$ "co'$ %in o% *# ou*l$/clic-in! on t&$ "co'$ *loc-+ T&$n1 to "tart t&$ "imulation1 $it&$r "$l$ct Start from t&$ Simulation m$nu 0a" "&o%n *$lo%3 or &it Ctrl/T in t&$ mo $l %in o%+
;5
REC
T&$ "imulation "&oul run ($r# 4uic-l# an t&$ "co'$ %in o% %ill a''$ar a" "&o%n *$lo%+ If it o$"nHt1 Au"t ou*l$ clic- on t&$ *loc- la*$l$ E"co'$+E
Not$ t&at t&$ "imulation out'ut 0"&o%n in #$llo%3 i" at a ($r# lo% l$($l r$lati($ to t&$ a.$" of t&$ "co'$+ To fi. t&i"1 &it t&$ auto"cal$ *utton 0*inocular"31 %&ic& %ill r$"cal$ t&$ a.$" a" "&o%n *$lo%+
Not$ t&at t&$ "t$' r$"'on"$ o$" not *$!in until tK1+ T&i" can *$ c&an!$ *# ou*l$/clic-in! on t&$ E"t$'E *loc-+ No%1 %$ %ill c&an!$ t&$ 'aram$t$r" of t&$ "#"t$m an "imulat$ t&$ "#"t$m a!ain+ Dou*l$/clic- on t&$ ETran"f$r 2cnE *loc- in t&$ mo $l %in o% an c&an!$ t&$ $nominator to
;6
REC
V1 50 400W R$/run t&$ "imulation 0&it Ctrl/T3 an #ou "&oul "$$ %&at a''$ar" a" a flat lin$ in t&$ "co'$ %in o%+ ,it t&$ auto"cal$ *utton1 an #ou "&oul "$$ t&$ follo%in! in t&$ "co'$ %in o%+
Notic$ t&at t&$ auto"cal$ *utton onl# c&an!$" t&$ ($rtical a.i"+ Sinc$ t&$ n$% tran"f$r function &a" a ($r# fa"t r$"'on"$1 it com'r$""$ into a ($r# narro% 'art of t&$ "co'$ %in o%+ T&i" i" not r$all# a 'ro*l$m %it& t&$ "co'$1 *ut %it& t&$ "imulation it"$lf+ Simulin- "imulat$ t&$ "#"t$m for a full t$n "$con " $($n t&ou!& t&$ "#"t$m &a r$ac&$ "t$a # "tat$ "&ortl# aft$r on$ "$con + To corr$ct t&i"1 #ou n$$ to c&an!$ t&$ 'aram$t$r" of t&$ "imulation it"$lf+ In t&$ mo $l %in o%1 "$l$ct Param$t$r" from t&$ Simulation m$nu+ You %ill "$$ t&$ follo%in! ialo! *o.+
;4
REC
T&$r$ ar$ man# "imulation 'aram$t$r o'tion"C %$ %ill onl# *$ conc$rn$ %it& t&$ "tart an "to' tim$"1 %&ic& t$ll Simulin- o($r %&at tim$ '$rio to '$rform t&$ "imulation+ C&an!$ Start tim$ from 0+0 to 0+? 0"inc$ t&$ "t$' o$"nHt occur until tK1+0+ C&an!$ Sto' tim$ from 10+0 to 5+01 %&ic& "&oul *$ onl# "&ortl# aft$r t&$ "#"t$m "$ttl$"+ Clo"$ t&$ ialo! *o. an r$run t&$ "imulation+ Aft$r &ittin! t&$ auto"cal$ *utton1 t&$ "co'$ %in o% "&oul 'ro(i $ a muc& *$tt$r i"'la# of t&$ "t$' r$"'on"$ a" "&o%n *$lo%+
;;
REC
B$"%:"); S*+'.#+ In t&i" "$ction1 #ou %ill l$arn &o% to *uil "#"t$m" in Simulin- u"in! t&$ *uil in! *loc-" in Simulin-H" Bloc- Li*rari$"+ You %ill *uil t&$ follo%in! "#"t$m+
2ir"t #ou %ill !at&$r all t&$ n$c$""ar# *loc-" from t&$ *loc- li*rari$"+ T&$n #ou %ill mo if# t&$ *loc-" "o t&$# corr$"'on to t&$ *loc-" in t&$ $"ir$ mo $l+ 2inall#1 #ou %ill conn$ct t&$ *loc-" %it& lin$" to form t&$ com'l$t$ "#"t$m+ Aft$r t&i"1 #ou %ill "imulat$ t&$ com'l$t$ "#"t$m to ($rif# t&at it %or-"+ G&'8./"); B%(=4+ 2ollo% t&$ "t$'" *$lo% to coll$ct t&$ n$c$""ar# *loc-"= Cr$at$ a n$% mo $l 0N$% from t&$ 2il$ m$nu or Ctrl/N3+ You %ill !$t a *lan- mo $l %in o%+
;<
REC
Clic- on t&$ Li*rar# Bro%"$r *utton to o'$n t&$ Simulin- Li*rar# Bro%"$r+ Clic- on t&$ Sourc$" o'tion un $r t&$ $.'an $ Simulin- titl$ to r$($al 'o""i*l$ "ourc$" for t&$ mo $l+
;7
REC
Dra! t&$ St$' *loc- from t&$ "ourc$" %in o% into t&$ l$ft "i $ of #our mo $l %in o%+
;?
REC
2rom t&$ Simulin- Li*rar# Bro%"$r1 ra! t&$ Sum an :ain from EMat& O'$ration"E o'tion foun un $r t&$ Simulin- titl$+
S%itc& to t&$ EContinuou"E o'tion an ra! t%o in"tanc$" of t&$ Tran"f$r 2cn 0 ra! it t%o tim$"3 into #our mo $l %in o% arran!$ a''ro.imat$l# a" "&o%n *$lo%+ T&$ $.act ali!nm$nt i" not im'ortant "inc$ it can *$ c&an!$
;@
REC
lat$r+ Xu"t tr# to !$t t&$ corr$ct r$lati($ 'o"ition"+ Notic$ t&at t&$ "$con Tran"f$r 2unction *loc- &a" a 1 aft$r it" nam$+ Sinc$ no t%o *loc-" ma# &a($ t&$ "am$ nam$1 Simulin- automaticall# a''$n " num*$r" follo%in! t&$ nam$" of *loc-" to iff$r$ntiat$ *$t%$$n t&$m+
Clic- on t&$ ESin-"E o'tion t&$n ra! o($r t&$ ESco'$E icon
<0
REC
M(:"5* B%(=4+ 2ollo% t&$"$ "t$'" to 'ro'$rl# mo if# t&$ *loc-" in #our mo $l+ Dou*l$/clic- #our Sum *loc-+ Sinc$ #ou %ill %ant t&$ "$con in'ut to *$ "u*tract$ 1 $nt$r T/ into t&$ li"t of "i!n" fi$l + Clo"$ t&$ ialo! *o.+ Dou*l$/clic- #our :ain *loc-+ C&an!$ t&$ !ain to 5+; an clo"$ t&$ ialo! *o.+ Dou*l$/clic- t&$ l$ftmo"t Tran"f$r 2unction *loc-+ C&an!$ t&$ num$rator to V1 5W an t&$ $nominator to V1 0W+ Clo"$ t&$ ialo! *o.+ Dou*l$/clic- t&$ ri!&tmo"t Tran"f$r 2unction *loc-+ L$a($ t&$ num$rator V1W1 *ut c&an!$ t&$ $nominator to V1 5 4W+ Clo"$ t&$ ialo! *o.+ Your mo $l "&oul a''$ar a"=
<1
REC
C&an!$ t&$ nam$ of t&$ fir"t Tran"f$r 2unction *loc- *# clic-in! on t&$ %or " ETran"f$r 2cnE+ A *o. an an $ itin! cur"or %ill a''$ar on t&$ *loc-H" nam$ a" "&o%n *$lo%+ U"$ t&$ -$#*oar 0t&$ mou"$ i" al"o u"$ful3 to $l$t$ t&$ $.i"tin! nam$ an t#'$ in t&$ n$% nam$1 EPI Controll$rE+ Clican#%&$r$ out"i $ t&$ nam$ *o. to fini"& $ itin!+
<5
REC
Similarl#1 c&an!$ t&$ nam$ of t&$ "$con Tran"f$r 2unction *loc- from ETran"f$r 2cn1E to EPlantE+ No%1 all t&$ *loc-" ar$ $nt$r$ 'ro'$rl#+ Your mo $l "&oul a''$ar a"=
C()).='"); B%(=4+ 6"'8 L").+ No% t&at t&$ *loc-" ar$ 'ro'$rl# lai to!$t&$r+ 2ollo% t&$"$ "t$'"+ out1 #ou %ill no% conn$ct t&$m
Dra! t&$ mou"$ from t&$ out'ut t$rminal of t&$ St$' *loc- to t&$ u''$r 0'o"iti($3 in'ut of t&$ Sum *loc-+ L$t !o of t&$ mou"$ *utton onl# %&$n t&$ mou"$ i" ri!&t on t&$ in'ut t$rminal+ Do not %orr# a*out t&$ 'at& #ou follo% %&il$ ra!!in!1 t&$ lin$ %ill rout$ it"$lf+ You "&oul "$$ t&$ follo%in!+
<6
REC
T&$ r$"ultin! lin$ "&oul &a($ a fill$ arro%&$a + If t&$ arro%&$a i" o'$n1 a" "&o%n *$lo%1 it m$an" it i" not conn$ct$ to an#t&in!+
You can continu$ t&$ 'artial lin$ #ou Au"t r$% *# tr$atin! t&$ o'$n arro%&$a a" an out'ut t$rminal an ra%in! Au"t a" *$for$+ Alt$rnati($l#1 if
<4
REC
#ou %ant to r$ ra% t&$ lin$1 or if t&$ lin$ conn$ct$ to t&$ %ron! t$rminal1 #ou "&oul $l$t$ t&$ lin$ an r$ ra% it+ To $l$t$ a lin$ 0or an# ot&$r o*A$ct31 "im'l# clic- on it to "$l$ct it1 an &it t&$ $l$t$ -$#+ Dra% a lin$ conn$ctin! t&$ Sum *loc- out'ut to t&$ :ain in'ut+ Al"o ra% a lin$ from t&$ :ain to t&$ PI Controll$r1 a lin$ from t&$ PI Controll$r to t&$ Plant1 an a lin$ from t&$ Plant to t&$ Sco'$+ You "&oul no% &a($ t&$ follo%in!+
T&$ lin$ r$mainin! to *$ ra%n i" t&$ f$$ *ac- "i!nal conn$ctin! t&$ out'ut of t&$ Plant to t&$ n$!ati($ in'ut of t&$ Sum *loc-+ T&i" lin$ i" iff$r$nt in t%o %a#"+ 2ir"t1 "inc$ t&i" lin$ loo'" aroun an o$" not "im'l# follo% t&$ "&ort$"t 0ri!&t/an!l$ 3 rout$ "o it n$$ " to *$ ra%n in "$($ral "ta!$"+ S$con 1 t&$r$ i" no out'ut t$rminal to "tart from1 "o t&$ lin$ &a" to ta' off of an $.i"tin! lin$+ To ta' off t&$ out'ut lin$1 &ol t&$ Ctrl -$# %&il$ ra!!in! t&$ mou"$ from t&$ 'oint on t&$ $.i"tin! lin$ %&$r$ #ou %ant to ta' off+ In t&i" ca"$1 "tart Au"t to t&$ ri!&t of t&$ Plant+ Dra! until #ou !$t to t&$ lo%$r l$ft corn$r of t&$ $"ir$ f$$ *ac- "i!nal lin$ a" "&o%n *$lo%+
<;
REC
No%1 t&$ o'$n arro%&$a of t&i" 'artial lin$ can *$ tr$at$ a" an out'ut t$rminal+ Dra% a lin$ from it to t&$ n$!ati($ t$rminal of t&$ Sum *loc- in t&$ u"ual mann$r+
<<
REC
No%1 #ou %ill ali!n t&$ *loc-" %it& $ac& ot&$r for a n$at$r a''$aranc$+ Onc$ conn$ct$ 1 t&$ actual 'o"ition" of t&$ *loc-" o$" not matt$r1 *ut it i" $a"i$r to r$a if t&$# ar$ ali!n$ + To mo($ $ac& *loc-1 ra! it %it& t&$ mou"$+ T&$ lin$" %ill "ta# conn$ct$ an r$/rout$ t&$m"$l($"+ T&$ mi l$" an corn$r" of lin$" can al"o *$ ra!!$ to iff$r$nt location"+ Startin! at t&$ l$ft1 ra! $ac& *loc- "o t&at t&$ lin$" conn$ctin! t&$m ar$ 'ur$l# &oriBontal+ Al"o1 a Au"t t&$ "'acin! *$t%$$n *loc-" to l$a($ room for "i!nal la*$l"+ You "&oul &a($ "om$t&in! li-$=
2inall#1 #ou %ill 'lac$ la*$l" in #our mo $l to i $ntif# t&$ "i!nal"+ To 'lac$ a la*$l an#%&$r$ in #our mo $l1 ou*l$ clic- at t&$ 'oint #ou %ant t&$ la*$l to *$+ Start *# ou*l$ clic-in! a*o($ t&$ lin$ l$a in! from t&$ St$' *loc-+ You %ill !$t a *lan- t$.t *o. %it& an $ itin! cur"or a" "&o%n *$lo%
<7
REC
T#'$ an r in t&i" *o.1 la*$lin! t&$ r$f$r$nc$ "i!nal an clic- out"i $ it to $n $ itin!+ La*$l t&$ $rror 0$3 "i!nal1 t&$ control 0u3 "i!nal1 an t&$ out'ut 0#3 "i!nal in t&$ "am$ mann$r+ Your final mo $l "&oul a''$ar a"=
<?
REC
To "a($ #our mo $l1 "$l$ct Sa($ A" in t&$ 2il$ m$nu an t#'$ in an# $"ir$ mo $l nam$+ S"#$%&'"() No% t&at t&$ mo $l i" com'l$t$1 #ou can "imulat$ t&$ mo $l+ S$l$ct Start from t&$ Simulation m$nu to run t&$ "imulation+ Dou*l$/clic- on t&$ Sco'$ *loc- to (i$% it" out'ut+ ,it t&$ auto"cal$ *utton 0*inocular"3 an #ou "&oul "$$ t&$ follo%in!+
T&4"); @&/"&<%.+ 5/(# MATLAB In "om$ ca"$"1 'aram$t$r"1 "uc& a" !ain1 ma# *$ calculat$ in MATLAB to *$ u"$ in a Simulin- mo $l+ If t&i" i" t&$ ca"$1 it i" not n$c$""ar# to $nt$r t&$ r$"ult of t&$ MATLAB calculation ir$ctl# into Simulin-+ 2or $.am'l$1 "u''o"$ %$ calculat$ t&$ !ain in MATLAB in t&$ (aria*l$ N+ Emulat$ t&i" *# $nt$rin! t&$ follo%in! comman at t&$ MATLAB comman 'rom't+ NK5+; T&i" (aria*l$ can no% *$ u"$ in t&$ Simulin- :ain *loc-+ In #our Simulinmo $l1 ou*l$/clic- on t&$ :ain *loc- an $nt$r t&$ follo%in! in t&$ :ain fi$l + N
<@
REC
Clo"$ t&i" ialo! *o.+ Notic$ no% t&at t&$ :ain *loc- in t&$ Simulin- mo $l "&o%" t&$ (aria*l$ N rat&$r t&an a num*$r+
No%1 #ou can r$/run t&$ "imulation an (i$% t&$ out'ut on t&$ Sco'$+ T&$ r$"ult "&oul *$ t&$ "am$ a" *$for$+
70
REC
No%1 if an# calculation" ar$ on$ in MATLAB to c&an!$ an# of t&$ (aria*l$" u"$ in t&$ Simulin- mo $l1 t&$ "imulation %ill u"$ t&$ n$% (alu$" t&$ n$.t tim$ it i" run+ To tr# t&i"1 in MATLAB1 c&an!$ t&$ !ain1 N1 *# $nt$rin! t&$ follo%in! at t&$ comman 'rom't+ NK; Start t&$ Simulin- "imulation a!ain1 *rin! u' t&$ Sco'$ %in o%1 an &it t&$ auto"cal$ *utton+ You %ill "$$ t&$ follo%in! out'ut %&ic& r$fl$ct" t&$ n$%1 &i!&$r !ain+
71
REC
B$"i $" (aria*l$"1 "i!nal" an $($n $ntir$ "#"t$m" can *$ $.c&an!$ *$t%$$n MATLAB an Simulin-
S"#$%&'"() $+"); MAT LAB2 EAN( 2 15 S"#$%&'"() (5 S-/"); M&++ S*+'.# 7/"'"); M&'%&< F$)='"()+2 D&#-.: +-/"); +*+'.# In t&i" $.am'l$1 %$ %ill cr$at$ a Simulin- mo $l for a ma"" attac&$ to a "'rin! %it& a lin$ar am'in! forc$+
A ma"" on a "'rin! %it& a ($locit#/ $'$n ant am'in! forc$ an a tim$/ $'$n ant forc$ actin! u'on it %ill *$&a($ accor in! to t&$ follo%in! $4uation=
T&$ mo $l %ill *$ form$ aroun t&i" $4uation+ In t&i" $4uation1 HmH i" t&$ $4ui(al$nt ma"" of t&$ "#"t$mC HcH i" t&$ am'in! con"tantC an H-H i" t&$ con"tant for t&$ "tiffn$"" of t&$ "'rin!+ 2ir"t %$ %ant to r$arran!$ t&$ a*o($ $4uation "o t&at it i" in t$rm" of acc$l$rationC t&$n %$ %ill int$!rat$ to !$t t&$ $.'r$""ion" for ($locit# an 'o"ition+ R$arran!in! t&$ $4uation to accom'li"& t&i"1 %$ !$t=
75
REC
To *uil t&$ mo $l1 %$ "tart %it& a H"t$'H *loc- an a H!ainH *loc-+ T&$ !ain *loc- r$'r$"$nt" t&$ ma""1 %&ic& %$ %ill *$ $4ual to ;+ D$ al"o -no% t&at %$ %ill n$$ to int$!rat$ t%ic$1 t&at %$ %ill n$$ to a t&$"$ $4uation" to!$t&$r1 an t&at t&$r$ ar$ t%o mor$ con"tant" to con"i $r+ T&$ am'in! con"tant HcH %ill act on t&$ ($locit#1 t&at i"1 aft$r t&$ fir"t int$!ration1 an t&$ con"tant H-H %ill act on t&$ 'o"ition1 or aft$r t&$ "$con int$!ration+ L$t c K 0+6; an l$t - K 0+;+ La#in! all t&$"$ *loc- out to !$t an i $a of &o% to 'ut t&$m to!$t&$r1 %$ !$t=
B# loo-in! at t&$ $4uation in t$rm" of acc$l$ration1 it i" cl$ar t&at t&$ am'in! t$rm an "'rin! t$rm ar$ "umm$ n$!ati($l#1 %&il$ t&$ ma"" t$rm i" "till 'o"iti($+ To a 'lac$" an c&an!$ "i!n" of t$rm" *$in! "umm$ 1 ou*l$/clic- on t&$ "um function *loc- an $ it t&$ li"t of "i!n"=
76
REC
Onc$ %$ &a($ a $ 'lac$" an corr$ct$ t&$ "i!n" for t&$ "um *loc-1 %$ n$$ onl# conn$ct t&$ lin$" to t&$ir a''ro'riat$ 'lac$"+ To *$ a*l$ to "$$ %&at i" &a''$nin! %it& t&i" "'rin! "#"t$m1 %$ a a H"co'$H *loc- an a it a" follo%"=
74
REC
T&$ (alu$" of HmH1 HcH an H-H can *$ alt$r$ to t$"t ca"$" of un $r/ am'in!1 critical/ am'in! an o($r/ am'in!+ To accurat$l# u"$ t&$ "co'$1 ri!&t/clict&$ !ra'& an "$l$ct EAuto"cal$E+ T&$ m l/fil$ can no% *$ "a($ + T&$ follo%in! i" a "am'l$ out'ut %&$n t&$ mo $l i" run for 60 it$ration"+
7;
REC
7<
REC
EANO216 S"#$%&'"() (5 A"/-=():"'"()"); (5 & 8($+. Air Con itionin! of a ,ou"$= Simulation of Room ,$at$r T&i" illu"trat$" &o% %$ can u"$ Simulin- to cr$at$ t&$ Air Con itionin! of a &ou"$ / Room ,$at$r+ T&i" "#"t$m $'$n " on t&$ out oor $n(ironm$nt1 t&$ t&$rmal c&aract$ri"tic" of t&$ &ou"$1 an t&$ &ou"$ &$atin! "#"t$m+ T&$ airYcon ition1+m fil$ initialiB$" ata in t&$ mo $l %or-"'ac$+ To ma-$ c&an!$"1 %$ can $ it t&$ mo $l %or-"'ac$ ir$ctl# or $ it t&$ m/fil$ an r$/loa t&$ mo $l %or-"'ac$+ O'$nin! t&$ Mo $l In t&$ MATLAB %in o%1 loa t&$ mo $l *# $.$cutin! t&$ follo%in! co $ 0"$l$ct t&$ co $ an 'r$"" 2@ to $(aluat$ "$l$ction3+ m lKZairYcon ition01ZC o'$nY"#"t$m0m l3C T&$ ,ou"$ ,$atin! Mo $l M(:.% I)"'"&%"I&'"() D&$n t&$ mo $l i" o'$n$ 1 it loa " t&$ information a*out t&$ &ou"$ from t&$ airYcon ition1+m fil$+ T&$ M/fil$ o$" t&$ follo%in!= D$fin$" t&$ &ou"$ !$om$tr# 0"iB$1 num*$r of %in o%"3 S'$cifi$" t&$ t&$rmal 'ro'$rti$" of &ou"$ mat$rial" Calculat$" t&$ t&$rmal r$"i"tanc$ of t&$ &ou"$ Pro(i $" t&$ &$at$r c&aract$ri"tic" 0t$m'$ratur$ of t&$ &ot air1 flo%/ rat$3 D$fin$" t&$ co"t of $l$ctricit# 0R"+4+00)-D&r3 S'$cifi$" t&$ initial room t$m'$ratur$ 010 $!+ C$l"iu" K ;0 $!+ 2a&r$n&$it3 Not$= Tim$ i" !i($n in unit" of &our"+ C$rtain 4uantiti$"1 li-$ air flo%/rat$1 ar$ $.'r$""$ '$r &our 0not '$r "$con 3+ M(:.% C(#-().)'+ S.' P(")'
77
REC
ES$t PointE i" a con"tant *loc-+ It "'$cifi$" t&$ t$m'$ratur$ t&at mu"t *$ maintain$ in oor"+ It i" "$t at ?< $!r$$" 2a&r$n&$it %&ic& i" $4ual to 60 $!r$$" C$nti!ra $+ B# $fault+ T$m'$ratur$" ar$ !i($n in 2a&r$n&$it1 *ut t&$n ar$ con($rt$ to C$l"iu" to '$rform t&$ calculation"+ T8./#(+'&' ET&$rmo"tatE i" a "u*"#"t$m t&at contain" a R$la# *loc-+ T&$ t&$rmo"tat allo%" fluctuation" of ; $!r$$" 2a&r$n&$it a*o($ or *$lo% t&$ $"ir$ room t$m'$ratur$+ If air t$m'$ratur$ ro'" *$lo% ?1 $!r$$" 2a&r$n&$it1 t&$ t&$rmo"tat turn" on t&$ &$at$r+ D$ can "$$ t&$ T&$rmo"tat "u*"#"t$m *# t&$ follo%in! comman in MATLAB Comman %in o%+ o'$nY"#"t$m0Vm l1H)T&$rmo"tatHW3C H.&'./ E,$at$rE i" a "u*"#"t$m t&at &a" a con"tant air flo% rat$1 EM otE1 %&ic& i" "'$cifi$ in t&$ airYcon ition+m M/fil$+ T&$ t&$rmo"tat "i!nal turn" t&$ &$at$r on or off+ D&$n t&$ &$at$r i" on1 it *lo%" &ot air at t$m'$ratur$ T,$at$r 0;0 $!r$$" C$l"iu" K 155 $!r$$" 2a&r$n&$it *# $fault3 at a con"tant flo% rat$ of M ot 01-!)"$c K 6<00-!)&r *# $fault3+ T&$ &$at flo% into t&$ room i" $.'r$""$ *# t&$ E4uation 1+ E4uation 1= 0 [) t3 K 0T &$at$r \ Troom3]M ot]c %&$r$ c i" t&$ &$at ca'acit# of air at con"tant 'r$""ur$+ D$ can "$$ t&$ ,$at$r "u*"#"t$m *# t&$ follo%in! comman in MATLAB Comman %in o%+ o'$nY"#"t$m0Vm l1H),$at$rHW3C C(+' C&%=$%&'(/ ECo"t CalculatorE i" a :ain *loc-+ ECo"t CalculatorE int$!rat$" t&$ &$at flo% o($r tim$ an multi'li$" it *# t&$ $n$r!# co"t+ T&$ co"t of &$atin! i" 'lott$ in t&$ EPlotR$"ult"E "co'$+ H($+. E,ou"$E i" a "u*"#"t$m t&at calculat$" room t$m'$ratur$ (ariation"+ It ta-$" into con"i $ration t&$ &$at flo% from t&$ &$at$r an &$at lo""$" to t&$ $n(ironm$nt+ ,$at lo""$" an t&$ t$m'$ratur$ tim$ $ri(ati($ ar$ $.'r$""$ *# E4uation 5+ E4uation 5 0 [) t3lo""$" K0Troom \ Tout3 ) R$4 %&$r$ R$4 i" t&$ $4ui(al$nt t&$rmal r$"i"tanc$ of t&$ &ou"$+
7?
REC
D$ can "$$ t&$ ,ou"$ "u*"#"t$m *# t&$ follo%in! comman in MATLAB Comman %in o%+ o'$nY"#"t$m0Vm l1H),ou"$HW3C M(:.%"); '8. E)?"/()#.)' D$ mo $l t&$ $n(ironm$nt a" a &$at "in- %it& infinit$ &$at ca'acit# an tim$ (ar#in! t$m'$ratur$ Tout+ T&$ con"tant *loc- EA(! Out oor T$m'E "'$cifi$" t&$ a($ra!$ air t$m'$ratur$ out oor"+ T&$ EDail# T$m' 9ariationE Sin$ Da($ *loc- !$n$rat$" ail# t$m'$ratur$ fluctuation" of out oor t$m'$ratur$+ D$ can (ar# t&$"$ 'aram$t$r" an "$$ &o% t&$# aff$ct t&$ &$atin! co"t"+ R$))"); '8. S"#$%&'"() &): @"+$&%"I"); '8. R.+$%'+ D$ can run t&$ "imulation an (i"ualiB$ t&$ r$"ult"+ O'$n t&$ EPlotR$"ult"E "co'$ to (i"ualiB$ t&$ r$"ult"+ T&$ &$at co"t an in oor ($r"u" out oor t$m'$ratur$" ar$ 'lott$ on t&$ "co'$+ T&$ t$m'$ratur$ out oor (ari$" "inu"oi all#1 %&$r$a" t&$ in oor" t$m'$ratur$ i" maintain$ %it&in ; $!r$$" 2a&r$n&$it of ES$t PointE+ Tim$ a.i" i" la*$l$ in &our"+ $(alc0H"im0m l3H3C o'$nY"#"t$m0Vm l H)PlotR$"ult"HW31 R$mar-" T&i" 'articular mo $l i" $"i!n$ to calculat$ t&$ &$atin! co"t" onl#+ If t&$ t$m'$ratur$ of t&$ out"i $ air i" &i!&$r t&an t&$ room t$m'$ratur$1 t&$ room t$m'$ratur$ %ill $.c$$ t&$ $"ir$ ES$t Point8+
7@
REC
EANO2 1D CAM &): FOLLO7ER SYSTEM A cam an follo%$r "#"t$m i" "#"t$m)m$c&ani"m t&at u"$" a cam an follo%$r to cr$at$ a "'$cific motion+ T&$ cam i" in mo"t ca"$" m$r$l# a flat 'i$c$ of m$tal t&at &a" &a an unu"ual "&a'$ or 'rofil$ mac&in$ onto it+ T&i" cam i" attac&$ to a "&aft %&ic& $na*l$" it to *$ turn$ *# a''l#in! a turnin! action to t&$ "&aft+ A" t&$ cam rotat$" it i" t&$ 'rofil$ or "&a'$ of t&$ cam t&at cau"$" t&$ follo%$r to mo($ in a 'articular %a#+ T&$ mo($m$nt of t&$ follo%$r i" t&$n tran"mitt$ to anot&$r m$c&ani"m or anot&$r 'art of t&$ m$c&ani"m+
E.aminin! t&$ ia!ram "&o%n a*o($ %$ can "$$ t&at a" "om$ $.t$rnal turnin! forc$ i" a''li$ to t&$ "&aft 0for $.am'l$= *# motor or *# &an 3 t&$ cam rotat$" %it& it+ T&$ follo%$r i" fr$$ to mo($ in t&$ Y 'lan$ *ut i" una*l$ to mo($ in t&$ ot&$r t%o "o a" t&$ lo*$ of t&$ cam 'a""$" t&$ $ !$ of t&$ follo%$r it cau"$" t&$ follo%$r to mo($ u'+ T&$n "om$ $.t$rnal o%n%ar forc$ 0u"uall# a "'rin! an !ra(it#3 'u"&$" t&$ follo%$r o%n ma-in! it -$$' contact %it& t&$ cam+ T&i" $.t$rnal forc$ i" n$$ $ to -$$' t&$ follo%$r in contact %it& t&$ cam 'rofil$+ Di"'lac$m$nt Dia!ram"=
?0
REC
Di"'lac$m$nt ia!ram" ar$ m$r$l# a 'lot of t%o iff$r$nt i"'lac$m$nt" 0 i"tanc$"3+ T&$"$ t%o i"'alc$m$nt" ar$= 1+ t&$ i"tanc$ tra($ll$ u' or o%n *# t&$ follo%$r an 5+ t&$ an!ular i"'lac$m$nt 0 i"tanc$3 rotat$ *# t&$ cam
In t&$ ia!ram "&o%n o''o"it$ %$ can "$$ t&$ t%o iff$r$nt i"'lac$m$nt" r$'r$"$nt$ *# t&$ t%o iff$r$nt arro%"+ T&$ !r$$n arro% r$'r$"$ntin! t&$ i"'lac$m$nt of t&$ follo%$r i+$+ t&$ i"tanc$ tra($ll$ u' or o%n *# t&$ follo%$r+ T&$ mu"tar arro% 0cur($ arro%3 "&o%" t&$ an!ular i"'lac$m$nt tra($ll$ *# t&$ cam+
If %$ $.amin$ t&$ ia!ram "&o%n *$lo% %$ can "$$ t&$ r$lation"&i' *$t%$$n a i"'lac$m$nt ia!ram an t&$ actual 'rofil$ of t&$ cam+ Not$ onl# &alf of t&$ i"'lac$m$nt ia!ram i" ra%n *$cau"$ t&$ "$con &alf of t&$ ia!ram i" t&$ "am$ a" t&$ fir"t+ T&$ ia!ram i" corr$ct from a t&$or$tical 'oint of (i$% *ut %oul &a($ to c&an!$ "li!&tl# if t&$ cam %a" to *$ actuall# ma $ an u"$ + D$ %ill con"i $r t&i" a littl$ mor$ in t&$ t&$ follo%in! "$ction / Uniform 9$locit#+
?1
REC
Uniform 9$locit#= Uniform 9$locit# m$an" tra($llin! at a con"tant "'$$ in a fi.$ ir$ction an a" lon! a" t&$ "'$$ or ir$ction onHt c&an!$ t&$n it" uniform ($locit#+ In r$lation to cam an follo%$r "#"t$m"1 uniform ($locit# r$f$r" to t&$ motion of t&$ follo%$r+ No% l$tH" con"i $r a t#'ical i"'lac$m$nt ia!ram %&ic& i" m$r$l# a 'lot of t%o iff$r$nt i"'lac$m$nt" 0 i"tanc$"3+ T&$"$ t%o i"'lac$m$nt" ar$= 1+ t&$ i"tanc$ tra($ll$ u' or o%n *# t&$ follo%$r an 5+ t&$ an!ular i"'lac$m$nt 0 i"tanc$3 of t&$ cam L$t u" con"i $r t&$ ca"$ of a cam im'artin! a uniform ($locit# on a follo%$r o($r a i"'lac$m$nt of 60mm for t&$ fir"t &alf of it" c#cl$+ D$ "&all ta-$ t&$ c#cl$ in "t$'"+ 2ir"tl# if t&$ cam &a" to im'art a i"'lac$m$nt of 60mm on follo%$r o($r &alf it" c#cl$ t&$n it mu"t im'art a i"'lac$m$nt of 60mm^1?0Q for $($r# 1Q turn$ *# t&$ cam i+$+ it mu"t mo($ t&$ follo%$r 0+1<7mm '$r $!r$$ turn+ T&i" i"tanc$ i" to muc& to "mall to ra% on a i"'lac$m$nt ia!ram "o %$ %ill con"i $r t&$ i"'lac$m$nt of t&$ follo%$r at t&$ "tart1 at t&$ $n of t&$ &alf c#cl$1 t&$ $n of t&$ full c#cl$ an at c$rtain ot&$r int$r(al" 0t&$"$ int$r(al" or t&$ l$n!t& of t&$"$ int$r(al" %ill *$ $ci $ on lat$r3+
?5
REC
S'&/' (5 '8. C*=%. E): (5 5"/+' H&%5 (5 '8. 1?0Q C*=%. E): (5 '8. F$%% C*=%. 6<0Q
D$ "&all con"i $r t&i" in t$rm" of a i"'lac$m$nt ia!ram= 2ir"t %$ %ill 'lot t&$ !ra'&+ B$for$ oin! t&i" %$ mu"t fir"t con"i $r t&$ incr$m$nt" t&at %$ %ill u"$+ D$ %ill u"$ millim$t$r" for t&$ follo%$r i"'lac$m$nt incr$m$nt" an *$cau"$ 1Q i" too "mall %$ %ill u"$ incr$m$nt" of 60Q for t&$ an!ular i"'lac$m$nt+ Onc$ t&i" i" on$ t&$n %$ can ra% t&$ i"'lac$m$nt ia!ram a" "&o%n *$lo%+ Not$ a "trai!&t lin$ from t&$ i"'lac$m$nt of t&$ follo%$r at t&$ "tart of t&$ motion to t&$ i"'lac$m$nt of t&$ follo%$r at t&$ $n of t&$ motion r$'r$"$nt" uniform ($locit#+ D"+-%&=.#.)' D"&;/&# 5(/ U)"5(/# @.%(="'*
Sim'l$ ,armonic Motion= 2or t&i" t#'$ of motion t&$ follo%$r i"'lac$m$nt o$" not c&an!$ at a con"tant rat$+ In ot&$r %or " t&$ follo%$r o$"nHt tra($l at con"tant "'$$ + T&$ *$"t %a# to un $r"tan t&i" non/uniform motion i" to ima!in$ a "im'l$ '$n ulum "%in!in!+
Uniform Acc$l$ration an R$tar ation= T&i" motion i" u"$ %&$r$ t&$ follo%$r i" r$4uir$ to ri"$ or fall %it& uniform acc$l$ration1 t&at i" it" ($locit# i" c&an!in! at a con"tant rat$+
?6
REC
To conclu $ t&i"= A cam can im'art t&r$$ t#'$" of motion on it" follo%$r= Uniform ($locit# Sim'l$ &armonic motion Uniform acc$l$ration an r$tar ation
?4
REC
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REC
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REC
?7
REC
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REC
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REC
@0
REC
@1
REC
@5
REC
@6
REC
@4
REC
@;
REC
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REC
@7
REC
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