Glass

Book

uAJJZc
COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT

SELECT ORATIONS

CICERO.
THE

FOUR ORATIONS AGAINST CATILINE,

WITH AN

INTERLINEAR TRANSLATION ON THK HAMILTONIAN SYSTEM,

WILLIAM TTNDERWOOIX
t/tf-IN-LAW

AND PARTNER OP THi LATE HAMIITOI,

TI1E

SEVEN REMAINING ORATIONS,

WITH AN
INTERLINEAR TRANSLATION ON THE SYSTEM OF LOCKS.
BY

THOMAS CLARK.
PHILADELPHIA:

CHARLES DeSILYER
PUBLISHERS.

SOF&

T^

o\ ;\

Copyright.

CHARLES De SILVER & SONS.

1885.

11L

PREFACE.

In

this

interlinear translation of

Cicero, the> four

orations against Catiline are translated, according to

the Hamiltonian system, by Underwood, the son-in-law and partner of Hamilton. The London edition of these four orations has been carefully revised, and the errors and omissions corrected and supplied for without the greatest care on the part of the editor, errors and omis;

"

sions are very apt to occur in interlinear translations.

As

these four orations against Catiline constitute so

it

small a portion of the present publication,

may

be

considered as almost altogether an original interlinear

and that nearly on the plan suggested by the great poet and distinguished Latin scholar, Milton, and the celebrated metaphysician and writer on education, Locke. The orations expressly translated by the American editor of this Philadelphia edition are the Oratio pro ArCHIA POETA PRO MARCELLO PRO LEGE MaNILIA PRO Q. LlGARIO PRO L.MURENA PRO REGE DeIOTARio pro T. Annio Milone. Thus making a more
translation of the select orations of Cicero
;

complete collection of select orations of Cicero than

any published

in the

United States; containing

all

Iv

PREFACE.

the orations that are read in any of the schools and

colleges of this country,

and comprising

all

those in

the editions of Anthon, Bullions, Johnson, and others.

As

a mere verbal translation would be inadequate to

his orations,
it

convey the meaning of Cicero in become necessary to add thereto.

in English,

has

When

such additions

only express the thought of the author more intelligibly

they are denoted by being placed between

( ),

parentheses

and constitute a part of the sentence

it

but when such additions are, as

were, explanations,

and do not properly constitute a part of the sentence, they are placed between brackets [ ], and may be considered as short explanatory notes.
to those orations translated

This applies only

editor.

by the American

When

several words in English are necessary to

express a Latin word, such words are united together

by hyphens,

as

Quod

nuntiaret What might-he-announce

but when, in forming an English sentence, a word intervenes between such two or more words that denote a Latin one, the figure thus separated, as:
l

is

placed before the words

Palam
a

fecerat
l

testamentum.
(his) will.

He-had openly

mad0

This also only applies to the orations translated by tho

American

editor.

THOMAS CLARK.

TESTIMONIALS
AS TO

THE MERITS OF
\t lntalintar translation
nf

Classics,

Testimony of celebrated

men

in favour

of

the interlineary system

of translations, as being
Milton.
in

best

adapted for learning a language.

We do amiss

to

spend seven or eight years merely

Latin and Greek as might be

scraping together as

much

learned easily and delightfully in one year.

If,

after

some preparatory grounds of speech by

to the

their certain

forms got into memory, they were led

praxis thereof in

some chosen short book lessoned thoroughly to them, [that is, read arid translated to them], which would bring the whole language This I take to be the most natural quickly into their power. and most profitable way of learning languages. [Children] should begin with the chief and necessary rules of some good grammar, either that now used, or any better; and
while this
is

doing, their speech

is to

be fashioned be

to

a distinct

and

clear pronunciation, as near as

may

to the Italian, espe-

cially in the vowels.

points of

Next, to make them expert in the usefullest grammar, some easy and delightful book should be

read to them.

[By

this,

Milton means that the teacher should read some

it re-

easy Latin book to his pupils, and translate and explain

peatedly, until they understand such Latin book,
selves translate
it.]

and can them

1*

()

VI

TESTIMONIALS.
John Locke, author
of the

"Essay on the Human what ado is made about Latin and Greek, how many years are spent in it, and noise and business it makes to no purpose, I can hardly
standing."

Undera
little

When

I consider

what a
forbear

thinking that the parents of children

of education
as a language or

still

live in fear of the

schoolmaster's rod, which they look on as the only instrument

;

two

to

be his whole business.

to get a

How else

is it

possible that a child should be chained to the oar,

life,

seven, eight, or ten of the best years of his

or two, which, I think, might be

language

had
is

at a great deal cheaper rate

of pains and time, and be learned almost in playing.

[The

first

project of Locke]

to trouble the child with

no

grammar
it,

at all,

but

to

the perplexity of rules,

have Latin as English has been, without talked into him, for, if you will consider

to a child, when he comes into the and yet he learns English without a master, rule, or grammar and so might he Latin, too, as Tully did, if he had somebody always to talk to him in this language. And when we so often see a French woman teach an English girl to speak and read French perfectly in a year or two, without any rule of grammar, or anything else but prattling to her, I cannot but wonder how gentlemen have overseen this way for If, therefore, a man could be got, who, himself their sons. speaking good Latin, would always be about your son, talk constantly to him, and suffer him to speak and read nothing else, this would be the true and genuine way, and that which I would propose, not only as the easiest and best, wherein a child might, without pains or chiding, get a language which others are wont

Latin

is

no more unknown
;

world, than English

to

as that wherein, at the

be whipt for at school six or seven years together; but also same time, he might have his mind and
in all other parts of

manners formed, and be instructed

ledge of things that
fall

know-

under the senses, and require little more than memory. But if such a man cannot be got who speaks good Latin, the next best thing is to have him taught as
near this

way

as

may

be,

which

is

by taking some easy and

pleasant book, such as iEsop's Fables, and writing the English translation (made as literal as can be) in one line, and the Latin

words which answer each of them, just over it in another. These let him read every day, over and over again, till he perfectly understands the Latin ; and then go on to another Fable

TESTIMONIALS.
till

VU
what he
is
it

he

is

also perfect in that, not omitting

it,

already
in
hia

perfect

but sometimes reviewing that to keep

memory. The formation of the verb first, and afterwards the declensions of the nouns and pronouns, perfectly learned by heart, facilitate his acquaintance with the genius and manner of the Latin tongue, which varies the signification of verbs and nouns, cot as the modern languages do, by particles prefixed, but by changing the last syllable. More than this of grammar, I think,
he need not have,
till

he can read himself Sanctii Minerva.

As he advances
ledge of grammar.

in acquiring a

knowledge of words, he must

advance, pari pasu, in obtaining a thorough and critical know-

When by
may

this

way

of interlining Latin and

English one with another, he has got a moderate knowledge of

the'Latin tongue, he
the reading of
;

then be advanced a

little farther, to

some other easy Latin book, such as Justin, or Eutropius and, to make the reading and understanding of it the less tedious and difficult to him, let him help himself with the English translation. Nor let the objection, that he will then know it only by rote, fright any one. This, when well considered,
is

not of any

moment

against, but plainly for, this

way

For languages are only to be learned by rote and a man who does not speak English and Latin perfectly by rote, so that having thought of the thing he would speak of, his tongue, of course without thought of rule or grammar, falls into the proper expression and idiom of that language, does not speak it well, nor is master of it. Languages were
of learning a language.
;

made, not by rules of art, but by accident, and the common use of the people and he that speaks them well has no other rule
;

but that, nor anything to trust to but his memory, and the habit of speaking, after the fashion learned from those that are allowed
to

speak properly, which, in other words,

is

only

to

speak by

rofca,

1st.

Sydney Smith. The Hamiltonian system, on the other hand: Teaches an unknown tongue by the closest interlinear transboy
to

itions, instead of leaving a

texicon or dictionary.
till

explore his

2d. It postpones the study of

way by the grammar

a considerable progress has been

a great degree of practical

substitutes the cheerfulness

made in the language, and grammar has been acquired. 3d. It

and competition of the Lancasterian

Vlll

TESTIMONIALS.

By these meant and learning something from the very beginning. He is not overwhelmed with the first appearance of insuperable difficulties he receives some little
system for the dull solitude of the dictionary.
a boy finds he
is

making a

progress,

pay from the

compelled
to

first

moment

of his apprenticeship, and

till

is

not

wait for remuneration

he

is

out of his time.

The
fche

student, having acquired the great art of understanding

sense of

what

is

written in another tongue,

may go

into the
pleases..

study of the language as deeply and as extensively as he

and accuracy which many men never will want, which disgusts many from arriving even at moderate attainments, and is a less easy, and not more certain road to a profound skill in a language, than if attention to grammar had been deferred to a later period.
In
this
fine,

The

old system aims at beginning with a depth

we

are strongly persuaded that, the time being given,

;

system will make better scholars

and, the degree of

scholarship being given, a

If there
is

much
;

shorter time will be needed.

any truth

the most useful

fills

reflecting

in this, it will make Mr. Hamilton one of men of his age for, if there is anything which men with melancholy and regret, it is the waste
in the

of mortal time, parental

present

money, and puerile happiness, method of pursuing Latin and Greek.

Viegil, Horace, Cesar, Cicero, Ovid, Sallust, Juvenal, Livy Xenophon's Anabasis, Homer's Iliad, and the Gospel of St. John, have already been published on the interlinear plan, and will be sue
ceeded by the other Classics, as speedily as
is

consistent with

accurate

preparation,

and

the importance of the undertaking.

Charles Desilver,
1229 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia,

SPECIAL AGENTS.
Claxton, Remsen & Haffelfinger, J. B. Lippincott & Co., Philadelphia; D. Appleton & Co., Mason, Baker & Pratt, New York; Nichols & Hall, Boston ; Robert Clarke & Co., Cincinnati ; A. L. Bancroft & Co., San Francisco; Jansen, McClurg & Co., Chicago; E.
H. Cn shing, Houston, Texas

PKIMA ORATIO

THE FIRST ORATION

1IARCI TULLII CICERONIS IN

LUCIUM

CATILINAM, OF MAR GUS TULLIUS GICER A GAINST LUGIUS CATILINE,

HELD
(delivered)

HABITA IX SENATU. IN THE SENATE.

1.

Quousque
How
far

tandem
at length

abutere
wilt thou abuse

nostrS
with our

patientui,
patience,

Catilina?
Catiline
?

Quamdiu
How
?
?

etiam
also

iste
that

tuus
thy

long

furor
fury

eludet
will (it) elude

nos
us

ad quern finem
to

effrenata
(thy)

what
?

end

unbridled

audacia
audacity

jactabit
will (it) boast

sese

ne
whether

nocturnum
the nightly

itself?

presidium
guard

Palatii
of the Palatium

(movit)
(has (that)

te
thee

moved)

nihil
nothing (has that in no respect affected thee),

vigiliae
the watches

urbis
of the city

(moverunt)
have (they) moved (thee)
nihil,
(has that

nihil,
nothing,

timor
the fear

populi
of the people

concursus
the assemblage

omnium bonorum
of all

moved moved

thee) nothing,

the good

nihil,
(has that
thee)

hie
this

munitissimus
most
fortified

locus
place

nothing,

senatiis
of a senate

habendi
to be held

(of holding a senate) (has that

moved

thee)

nihil,
nothing,

ora
the faces

que vultus horum

and
looks
of these (senators)

move
have (these

10
runt
moved
(thee)

PRIMA 0RATI0
nihil ? nothing ?

Sentis
Perceivest thou

non
not

tua
thy

consilia
counsels

patere
to be

?
(to

Vides non tuam conjurationen;

be exposed)
?

open

Seest thou not

thy

sonspiracy

jam
already

teneri
to

constrictam
bound

conscientia
by the consciousness

omnium
of
all

be held

horum

?
?

Quern

nostrum
of us

arbitraris
supposest thou

these (senators)

Whom

ignorare
to be

quid egeris
what thou mayest have acted

proxima,
on the nearest

ignorant

quid superiore necte, ubi

(last night),

what on the former

night,

where

fueris, thou mayest have been

quos whom

convocaveris,
thou mayest
halvT e called

quid
what

consilii
of counsel

together,
!

ceperis

tempora
the times
!

mores.
the manners.

Senatu3
The
senate

thou mayest have taken

consul videt, intelligit hsec, understands this, the consul sees (it),
Vivit
Lives
?

tamen
yet

hie
this (Catiline)

vivit*
lives.

imo, vero
yes,

;
;

etiam venit
even

in
into
:

senatum.
the senate.

Fit

truly

comes
consilii
counsel:

He becomes
designat
marks out

particeps
a partaker

publici
of the public

notat
he notes

et and

oculis
with (his) eyes

unumquemque nostrum ad
each
of us
to (for)

csedem,
slaughter

Autem
But
si
if

nos fortes viri videmur satisfacere we brave men seem to do enough

furorem,
the fury,

reipublicse,
for the republic,

vitemus
we may avoid
te,
thee,

istius. tela ac and the weapons of that

(Catiline).

Oportebat
It did

Catilina,
Catiline,
:
:

jampridem
long since

duci
to be led

acT
tc

behove

mortem jussu
death

consulis

istam pestem,
(it

by order of the consul

behoved) that

pest (destruction),

quam
which

tu machinaris
thou
contrivest

jam
Vero
But

diu

in

nos omnes,
all*

already a long time against us

conferri
to

in be brought upon
vir,

te.
thee.

an

amplissimus
privatua

whether the most ample (most hon-

P. Scipio,
P. Scipio,

maximus
the greatest

pontifex,
priest,

durable) man,

(as) a private (person)

MARCI TULLII CICER03 IS.

interfecit
slew

11
labemaking

Tiberium Graccnum,
Tiberius Gracchus,

mediocriter
moderately
:
:

factantem
to totter

statum
the state

reipublicse
of the republic

vero nos consules

but

we

consuls,

perferemus
shall

Catilinam cupientem
Catiline

vastare
to lay

orbem
the globe

we endure

desiring

waste
?
?

terrae

csede,

atque
and

incendiis

Nam
For

of the earth with slaughter,

with conflagrations

praetereo ilia nimis antiqua,

I pass over those
too

quod Q.
that

Servilius
Q. Serviliua

ancient (examples)

Ahala
Ahala
v

occidit
killed

su, with his own

manu
hand

Spurium
Spurius

Melium,
Melius,

studentem
studying

novis for new

rebus.
things (having revolutionary designs).

Ista
That

virtus
virtue

fait fuit, has been, has been

viri

quondam
once

in
in

hac republica,
this

ut
that

republic,

fortes
brave

coercerent
would check

perniciosum
a pernicious

civem acrioribus
citizen

men

with sharper

suppliciis
(more severe) punishments

quam acerbissimum
than
the most bitter

hosteni.
enemy.

Enim
For

habemus vehemens
we have
in
against

a vehement
te,
thee,

et and
:
:

grave
heavy (severe)

senatusconsultum
decree of the senate

Catilina
Catiline

non consilium neque auctoritas

not
the counsel

nor
;

the authority

hujus ordinis
of this

deest
is

reipublicae

nos dico
we
I say

prder (of the senate)

wanting

to the republic;-

openly,

aperte, nos consules desumus. consuls we are wanting

2.

(to it).

Senatus
The senate
videret,

quondam
once

decrevit,
decreed,

ut
that

L. Opimiua
L. Opimiug

consul

ne
lest

respublica
the republic

caperet
might take"
;

quid
any (thing)

the consul should see,

detrinenti
cf detriment:

nulla
no

nox
night

intercessit
intervened;

C. Gracchus,
C.

Gracchus,

clarissimo
born

patre,
father,

avo,
grandfather,

majoribus,
(and)
ancestors,

from a most famous

interfectus est propter

was
slain

quasdam suspiciones seditionum

some
suspicions
of seditions;

because of

1-2

PRIMA ORATIO
Fulvius, consularis,
a consular (man),

M.

occisus est,
was
killed,

cum

M. Fulyius,

liberie* with (his) children,

Simili

senatusconsulto
decree of the senate

respublica
the republic

permissa est
was permitted
;
;

By

a like

C. Mario
(confided) to C. Marius

et and

L. Valerio consulibus
to L.

num
whether

Valerius

the consuls

mors ac poena
L. Saturninum,
L. Saturninus,

reipublicse

remorata
retarded

est
(fail to

death and the punishment of the republic

overtake)

tribunum
tribune
of the

plebis,

common

people,

et and

C. Servilium, prsetorem,
0. Servilius,

unum diem
one

postea?
afterwards
?
j

At noa
But

the praetor,

day

we

patimur
suffer

aciem
the edge

auctoritatis
of the authority

horum
of these (the senators)

hebescere
to

jam

vicesimum diem.
the twentieth
day.

Enim habemus
For

become blunt already

we have

senatusconsultum
a decree of the senate

hujusmodi, verumtamen inclusum

of this sort,

nevertheless

inclosed

in tabulis,
in the tablets,

tanquam gladium reconditum in

as if

vagina

a sword

hidden

in

the scabbard:

ex

quo

senatusconsulto
decree of the senate

convenit
it

te,
thee,

Catilina,
Catiline,

from which

was

fit

interfectum esse
to

confestim.
immediately.

Vivis
Thou
down,

have been

slain

livest;

et and

vivis
thou livest

lion
not

ad

audaciam deponendam, sed ad

audacity
/

to (for)

to be placed

but

to (for

thy audacity)

confirmandam.
to be confirmed.

Conscripti
Conscript

Patres,
Fathers,

cupio
I desire

me
myself

esse

clementem
in

cupio

me

non
not

videri dissolutum
to

to be mild

I desire myself

seem
:
:

dissol itc

tantis
so great

periculis
dangers

reipublicse
of the republic

sed
but

jam
now

(negligent)

in

condemno
I

me ipsum
myself
in

inertias
of inactivity

que
and

nequitise.

condemn

of negligence.

Castra collocata sunt in Italic contra rempublicam,

Camps have been placed
in
5

Italy
:
:

against

the republic,

faucibus
the jaws
f

Etrurise
passage
of

numerus
the

hostium
of the eneinis*

Tu&cany

number

MARCI TULLII CICBRONIS.

^rescit
Increases

13

in
into

singulos
single

dies:
days (daily)

autem videinus
but

we

sea

iroperatoreni the commander

intra
within

eorum castrorum, que ducem

of those

hostium,
molientera
attempting

camps,

and

leader of the enemies,

moenia,
the walls,

atque adeo
and even

in
in

senatu,
the senate,

quotidie aliquam intestinam perniciem reipublicse.

daily

S,
Ii
;

some

intestine

destruction

to the republic.

jussero
I shall have ordered

te,
thee,

Catilina,
Catiline,

jam comprehendi
now
to be seized
;

si
if

interfici ?
(I shall

credo,
I believe,
it

erit
will be

verendum
to be feared

have ordered thee)

to be slain,

mihi,
to

ne omnes boni
(by me), lest
all

hoc
to

factum esse
have been done

me

the good (may say) this

non
not

serins
too late

a
by

me,
me,

potius
rather

quam
than

quisquam
ego
I

dicat

any (person) may say

crudelius.
(it to

Yerum
But

nondum
not yet

have been done)

too cruelly.

adducor ut faciam hoc, quod am led that I may do this, which

oportuit
it

factum esse
Turn
Then

has behoved to have been done

jampridem,
long since,

de
from
te,
thee,

certa
a certain

causa.
cause.

denique
at last

interficiam
I will slay

cum jam nemo

when
tarn
so

poterit
will be able

inveniri
to be

now

nobody

found
tui,

tarn improbus,
so

perditus,
lost

tarn
so

similis
like

wicked,

(abandoned),

of thyself,

qui who

fateatur

non
not
erit,

id
that

factum esse
to

may

confess

have been done

jure, by right.
te,
thee,

Quamdiu quisquam
As long as

any (person)
et and

shall be,

qui audeat defendere who may dare to defend

ita
so

vives
thou shalt live
;

vives
thou sh alt live

ut
as

vivis
thou livest

nunc,
now,

obsessus
beset

meis by my

multis many
move

et and

firmis
firm

prsesidiis,
guards,

ne
lest

possis
thou mayest be able

commovere
to

te

contra rempublicam.
the republic.

thyself against

Etiam
Also

oculi
the eyes

et aures and ears

multorum speculabuntur atque

of

many

shall spv

and

14

RflU
non

:?.aiio

s;:::if :::;-.

sic;.:

feeerant

?.

E:enim
I
:

quid est
what
ii it
-

quod
which

expectes
thou
l:
.

jam
eel

now
\ra

amplius,
-

Catilina,
ne,

.:::.

if

neither

night

is

able

i:ea,

nefarios
^
i

nee
:.-_

prirata
z t .->.;.

domus
3
"

-r^^ffif

:"_7

._;

--.5
.

..--

.'.iff.

-:r

si
if

::

-_:i:-

:l.r

_;

f;

:r:.;v

omnia
all (things)

s:

are brought to light,

:

if

they burst forth

:

Change

jam i^tam mentem

now
that

erede mihi me
:_

obi:

atque

ineendiorum
::
;

undique
z
:.::

:
:

omnia
all

ni
tna
thy

r_i

r ri

r_i

_f.i

:n all iiies

iriora nobis
counsels

h
than light:

quse
which
(th

are

clearer

to us

nieenm.
eren
r_ z.r. ."_.- :z_if7_

Ne
Whether

thou mayest recognise

with me.

me
frfi
zir

dicer e
::

in
in

senatu
C.

527

lecimum diem kalendamm Novembris.

day
of the calends
:

Man'mm,

-;

mber,

ioe

audaei
nte
to be before

in
in

amis
arms

die, qni di^s easel : Bert on a certain day, which day might be about

sexrom
nth
ia

diem 17
n:n
not
s
:

kalendarom
of the calends

Novembi
of November?

n::*:
only
s

tanta,
so great,

:am
n

atrox.

lr;rii:":I=

a thing

fefellit deceived

ne,
me,

k
but,

that which

ij

mill M*g 7_ ;,
;

admirandum, dies?
i^redat, theday?

Ego
I
the

idem
same (person)

! :

MARCI TULLII CICERONIS.

dixi
aid

15
csedeni
the slaughter

in senatu,
in senate,

te
thee
to

contulisse
have appointed

optimatum
Novembris,
of November,

in

ante quintum diem kalendarum

the
fifth

of the aristocracy unto (the day) before

day

of the calends

turn
then

cum
when

multi many
tarn
so

principes
chief (persons)

civitatis
of the state

profugerunt
fled

Roma, non
from Rome, not

causa
for the

sui
of themselves

(much)

sake

conservandi,
to be preserved,

quam tuorum
as of thy

consiliorum reprimendorum.
counsels
to

be repressed

Num
(as for the sake of repressing thy designs).

potes

~~~~

Whether

art thou able

infitiari,
to

te

circumclusum
die ipso,
itself,

deny

thyself being closed around

meis by my

prcesidiis,
guards,

meS
by my

diligentia
diligence

illo

potuisse
to

non commovere
to

on that day

have been able not

?

move

te
thyself

contra
against

rempublicam
the republic
?

cum
when

tu,
thou,

discessu
at the departure

caeterorum, dicebas
of the rest,

te

esse

contentum tamen
content

nostra
with oui

didst say thyself to be

yet

csede
slaughter (with the slaughter of us)

qui remansissemus. Quid who might have remained. What!

cum
when

tu confideres te esse occupaturum thou mightest trust thyself to be about to occupy

Prseneste
Prseneste

nocturno
by a nocturnal

impetu
attack

kalendis

ipsis

Novembris
of

on the calends themselves

November:

illam sensisti ne whether hast thou perceived that

coloniam
colony
to

munitam
have been

esse

fortified

meo
by

jussu,
order,

my

by

meis my

prsesidiis,
garrisons,

custodiis,
guards,

que
and

vigiliis ?
-watches?

Agis
Thou
nihil,
nothing,

nihil,

moliris

nihil,

cogitas

actest nothing, thou attemptest

nothing, thou thinkest (devisestj

quod ego non modo audiam non, sed etiam

which
I

not

only

may

hear

not,

but

even

videam non, que plane sentiam.

aiay see
not,

and

plainly

may

perceive.

4.

Recognosce
Recognise
(call to

tandem mecum illam superiorem

mind)
at length with

me

that

former

16

PRIMA OKATIO
:

noctem
night:

jam
now

intelliges
thou wilt understand

me
me

vigilare
to

multo
lymucb

watch
te

acrins
more sharply

ad
to ^for)

salutem
the safety

reipublicae
of the republic

quam

ad
(for)

than thyself to

perniciem.
the destruction (of
it).

Dico
I say

te
thee
to

venisse

priori

noete
nig

have come on the former

inter

falcarios

(again
(into the scythe-maker's street) (I will act (speak)

among scythe-makers

non obscured,
not
obscurely),

in

domum M.
madness
and

Lecea:
:

into the house of

M. Lecca

(I say)

coroplures many

socios

ejusdem

amentia? que sceleris

crime
to

eonven:
have come together
?

partners of the same

eodem.
to the

Num
place.

audes
darest thou

negare
to

Quid
"What!

same
?

"Whether

deny

(it)?

taces
art

Convineanu
I will convict
'

si
v

negas.
thou deniest.

Enim
F^r

thou silent?

thee),

if

video
I see

quosdam
some (persons)

esse
to

hie
here

in
in

senatu
the senate
!

be

qui who

fuere
were

una
together

cum

te. with thee.

immortales
immortal

dii gods!

ubinam gentium
where
of natious

sumus
(where
in the world)

in
in

qua urbe vivimus

what
city

?
?

quam
what

are

we?
?

do we live

rempublicam babemus
republic

Sunt
in
in

hie,

hie
here

in
in

have we?

There are (persons) here,

nostro numero, conscripti patres,

our

hoc sanctissimo
this

number,

conscript

lathers,

most sacred
terra?,

que gravissimo
and
most weighty (dignified)

eonsilio
council

orbis
of the globe

of the earth,

qui who

cogitent may devise

of us

de
concerning

meo
my
who

interitu,
destruction,

que
and
(the destruction)

nostrum omnium, qui

all,

de
terrarum.

exitio

hujus
consul
the consul

(devise) concerning the destruction of this

urbis,
city,

atque adeo
and even
et

orbis

Ego
I

of the globe of the earths.

video hosce,
iee

rogo sententiam
opinion

de

republica:
:

these (persons), and I ask

concerning the republic

et ind

vulnero eos
I

uondum
not ye

voce,
with (my) voice,

wound

those

quos whom

oportebat
it

did behov*

MARCI TULLII CICERONIS.

trucidari
to

17
Catilina*
Catiline,

ferro.
with the iron (sword).

Igitur,
Therefore,

be slaughtered

fuisti thou wast

apud
at

Leccam
Lecca
(at Lecca's house)

ill on that

nocte:
night:

distribuisti
thou distributedst

partes
the parts

Italise
of Italy

;
;

statuisti

quo
delegisti

thou appointedst whither

;

placeret
it

quemque
each

proficisci
to depart;

might please (thee)

thou selectedst

quos whom

relinqueres
thou mightest leave

Romas,
of (at)

quos
partes
parts

educeres
thou mightest lead out

Rome, wom

cum
with

te

;
j

descripsisti
thou describedst

urbis
of the city

ad
to (for)

thee

incendia
conflagrations;

oonfirmasti
thou coniirmedst (affirmedst)

te

ipsum jam
now
(soon)

thyself

esse
to

exiturum
about
to

be

dixisti ; go out; thou saidst

esse
to

etiam turn
even
then

be (that there was)

paullulum
a very
little

morse
of delay

tibi,
to thee,

quod
because

ego
I

viverem.
might
live.

Duo
Two

Romani
Roman
cura,
care,

ista equites reperti sunt qui liberarent te knights were found who might free thee from that

et and

pollicerentur
might promise

sese
themselves
(to be)

interfecturos
about
to slay

me
me*

in
in

meo
my
I

lectulo
little

ilia

nocte
night

ipsa,
itself,

paullo
a
little

ante
before

bed on that

lucem.
light.

Ego comperi
discovered

omnia
all

haec,
these (things),

etiam vestro
even

your

coetu
assembly

vix

dum
my
quos whom
illi

dimisso
being dismissed:

munivi
I fortified

atque
and

scarcely yet

firmavi
I

meam domum
house

majoribus
with greater (stronger)

praesidiis
guards;

strengthened

exclusi
I

eos

tu
thou

miseras
hadst sent

ad me
to

mane
in the

excluded those

me

morning

salutatum,
to salute

cum
when
had

ipsi

venissent,

(me),

those (persons) themselves might have come,

quos whom
viria

ego
l

jam
already

prsedixeram multis
foretold
to

ac many and
id
that

summis
to the

highest

men

esse
to

venturos
about to come

ad
to

mo
me
(at)

temporis.
of time.

be

2*

: :

18
5.

PRIMA ORATIO

Cum
Wnen
(since)

quae
which (things)

sint

ita,
thus,

Catilina,
Catiline,

may

be

perge
proceed

quo
whither

ceepisti thou hast be^un

;
;

egredere
go out

aliquando
sometimes
:

ex

urbe

portse
the gates

patent,
are open,

proficiscere
depart:

ilia
those

(at length) out of the city

tua Manliana castra desiderant nimium diu

thy

te
thee (their)

Manlian

camps

want

too long

imperatorem.
commander.
si
(associates);
if

Educ
Lead out

cum
with

te
thee

etiam omnes tuos

also
all

thy

minus,
less (if

quam plurimos
all),

purga
cleanse

not

as

many

as possible:

urbem
the city:

liberabis
thou wilt free

me
me
may

magno
from great

metu,
fear,

dummodo
provided that

murus
the wall (the city wall)

intersit
be between

inter
between

me
me

atque te
and
thee

potes
thou art able

non
not
to

versari
be engaged

jam
now

diutius
longer

cum
with

nobis
us

feratn
I will bea (it)

non,
not,

patiar
I will suffer
(it)

non,
not,

sinara
I will

non.
(it)

permit

not.

Magna
Great

gratia
favour
diis,
gods,

est
is

habenda
to be

had (great thanks must be given)

immortalibus
to the

atque
and

huic
to this

Jovi
Jupiter

Statori
Stator

ipsi,
himself,

immortal

antiquissimo
the most ancient

custodi
guardian

liujus
of this

urbis,
city,

quod
that

effugimus
we have escaped

jam
now
plague
so

toties

hanc
this

tarn
so

ttetram,
foul,

tarn
so

horribilem
horrible

many
and

times

pestem que
reipublicse
of the republic

tarn infestam reipublicse.

so

Summa
The highest
ssepius
too often

salus
safety

hostile

to the republic.

est
is

non
not

perielitanda
co

in
in

uno
one

be endangered

homine.
man.

Quamdiu
As long
as

insidiatus es
thou plottedst against

to

niihi, me,

consuli
the consul

designate,
elect,

Catilina
Catiline

defendi
I defended

me
myself

non
not

publico
by a public

praesidio, sed
guard,

privata
by private

diligentia:
diligence:

cum
when

proximis
at the nearest (last

but

MAKCI TULLII CICERONIS.

19

consularibus coinitiis voluisti interficere me, consulem,,

consular
elections thou wishedst
to slay

me,

the consul,,

et and (thy)

competitores
competitors

in
in

campo,
the plain,
(the

Campus
et

Martins),

compressi tuos nefarios conalus

I repressed

prsesidio

copiis
forces

thy

impious

attempts

with a guard and

:

amicorum, nullo tumultu concitato publice

of friends,

denique,
lastly,

no

tumult

being excited

publicly

quotiescunque
as often as

petisti
at)

me,

thou hast sought (aimed

obstiti me, I have opposed

tibi
to thee

per me,
(by) myself,

quamquam videbam meam perniciem

although
-

esse
to be

I did see

my
calamitate
calamity

destruction

conjunetam
conjoined

cum
with

magna
a great

reipublicae.
of the republic.

Nunc jam
Even now

petis
thou seekest (aimest
at)

universam rempublicam
the whole
republic

aperte.
openly.

Vocas
Thou
callest

templa
the temples

immortalium
of the immortal

deorum,
gods,

tecta
the roofs (houses)

urbis,
of the city,

vitam
the
life

omnium
of all

civium,
the citizens,

denique,

totam Italiam, ad
whole
Italy,
to

exitium
destruction

lastly (in fine), the

et vastitatem. and devastation.

id,
that,

Quare
Wherefore

quoniam audeo nondum facere

because
I dare

quod
which

est
ia

not yet

to

do

primum atque proprium

the
first

and

proper (peculiar duty) of this

hujus imperii command

(of the

que
consular power)

disciplinse
of the discipline (custom)

majorum
of (our) ancestors:

and

faciam
I will do

id
that

quod
which

est
is

lenius
milder

ad
to (as to)

severitatem,
severity,
;

et and

utilius more useful

ad
to (as to)

communem
the

salutem
safety

nam
for

si
if

common

jussero
I shall

te

have ordered thee

interfici, to be slain,

reliqua
the remaining

manus
hand (band

conjuratorum
of the conspirators

residebit
will settle

in
in

republica:
the republic
:

sin
but
if

tu
thou

exieris, fehalt have gons out

(quod hortor te jamdudum), magna

(which
I exhort thee

long since),

the great

20

PRIMA ORATIJ
tuorum
of thy

et perniciosa sentina [reipublicae], and pernicious sink [to the republic],

comitum,
companions,

exhaurietur
will be

ex
out of

urbe.
the city.

Quid
What
to

est,
is it,

Catilina?
Catiline?

drawn

off

IsTum
Whether

dubitas
doubtest thou (dost thou hesitate)

facere
do

id,
that,

me
me

imperante, quod
commanding,
which
?
?

jam
now
(just

faciebas
now) thou didst do
(wast about to do)

tua sponte

Consul
The consul

jubet
orders (thee)

hostem
an enemy
?
to

exire
go out

by thy own accord

ex

urbe

:
:

interrogas me,
dost thou ask
si
if

num

in exilium
exile?

Jubeo
I order

out of the city

me, whether into

non
(thee)

sed
but

consulis
Catilina,
Catiline,
is

me, suadeo.
I persuade (thee to do so).

not;

thou consultest me,

y^
|

6.

Enim
For

quid,
what,

est,
there,

quod jam
which

possit now may be able

delectare
to delight

te
thee

in
in

Mc
this

urbe?
city?

In
In

qua est which there

nemo,
is

no one,

extra
without (unconnected with)

istam conjurationem perditorum

that

conspiracy

of lost (aban-

hominum,
loned)
t

men,
'

qui who

inetuit
fears

non
not

te
thee;

nemo
no one

qui who

oderit

non.
not (thee).

Quae nota domesticae turpitudini?

What mark
?
life?

may have
est
is

hated

of domestic

turpitude

non inusta
not

tuae vitae
to

Quod dedecus privatarum

What
?
?

branded

thy

disgrace

of private

rerum haeret non

things

infamise
to (thy)

Quae libido
What
lust

abfuit
has been absent

adheres

not

infamy

ab
from (thy)

oculis,
eyes,

quod facinus
what
bad deed (has been absent)

umquam
ever

a"

from
?
?

tuis
thy

manibus,
hands,

quod flagitium
what
viilany

toto corpore
body

from (thy) whole

Cui
To what

adolescentulo,
youth,

quern whom

irretisses thou mightest have ensnnree.

corruptelarum, illecebris of debaucheries, by the allurements

aut ferrura ad
tither a

tu

praetulisti

non
not
?
?

thou hast borne before

audaciam, aut facem ad

audacity,
or

libidinem
lust

sw

>rd

to (for)

a torch

to (for)

MARCI TULLII CICER0N1S.

Vero quid
But

21

nuper
shall I mention)
!

cum
when

morte
at the death

what (why

lately

superioris
of (thy) former

uxoris
wife

thou mightest have

vacuefecisses made vacant

domum
(thy) housa

novis nnptiis,
for

ne

cumulasti
scelere
crime
?

non hoc
not
this

new

nuptials,

whether hast thou heaped up (augmented)

alio incredibili by another incredible
?

scelus
crime

etiam
also

Quod ego
Which
I

prsetermitto,
pass by (omit),

et and

facile
easily

patior
suffer

sileri,
to be kept silent,

ne
lest

immanitas
the monstrousness

tanti
of so great

facinoris
a wicked deed

yideatur may seem

aut
either

to

in liac civitate, extitisse state, have existed in this

aut non
or

not

to

vindicata esse. have been punished.

which

Praetermitto
I pass by

ruinas
the ruins

tuarum fortunarum, omnes quas

of thy fortunes,
all

senties
thou wilt perceive

impendere
to

hang over

tibi to thee

proximis
at the nearest (next)

Idibus
Ides
:

venio
I come

ad
to

ilia quae those (things) which

pertinent non ad
pertain

privatam
the private

not

to

ignominiam tuorum vitiorum, non ad tuam domesticam

disgrace
of thy
vices,

not

to

thy

domestic

difficultatem
difficulty

ac
and

turpitudinem, sed ad
turpitude,

summam
the

but

to

sum

(the whole)

reipublicse,
of the republic,

atque
and

ad
to

vitam
the
life

que
and

salutem
the safety

nostrum
of us

omnium.
all.

Ne

lux

hujus
esse
to be

vitoe,
life,

aut
or

spiritus
the breadth

hujus
of thia

Whether the

light of this

coeli heaven (atmosphere)

potest
is

jucundus
pleasant

tibi 9
to thee,

Catilina,
Catiline,

able

cum

scias, esse when thou mayest know, to be (that there

neminem liorum
is)

no one

of these (sena-

tcra)

qui nesciat who may not know

in
in

te
thee

stetisse to have stood (that you stood)

cum
with
-

telo ft weapon

comitio
the assembly house

pridie
the day before

kalendas
the calends

Januarias,
belonging to January,

Lepido
Lepidus

et and

Tullo
Tullus
(being)

consulibus?
consuls?

22
Paravisse
To have prepared

PRIMA ORATIO

manum
a hand (band)

causa;
for the sake

consilium
of the consuls

et and

principum
of the chief (persons)

civitatis
of the state

interficiendorum
to be slain
?

Non
Net

aliquam
any

mentem,
mind,

aut
or

tuum
thy

timorem,
fear (fear of thine),

sed
but

fortunam
the (good) fortune

reipublicae
of the republic

to

obstitisse have opposed

ilia
:

tuo
to

sceleri

thy wickedness

ac
and

furori
fury
?

Ac jam
And now

omitto
I omit

enim neque
:

those (things)

for

neither

sunt
are (the crimes)

commissa
Quoties
tu
thou
;

post

obscura, aut non

obscure,
or

committed (by thee) afterwards

not

mult a.
many.

conatus es
hast endeavoured

interficere
to slay

me
me
?

How

often

designatum
(being consul)
elect;

quoties how often

consulem
(being)

consul?

Quot tuas petitiones aims (how many thrusts How many thy
ut

ita

conjectas,

of thine) so cast (directed),

viderentur

-non
not

posse
to be able to

vitari,
be avoided,

ego
I

that they might seem

effugi have escaped

quadam parva
by a certain
small

declinatione,
bending,

et, and,

ut
as

aiunt,

corpore?
nihil,

they say, with the body?

Agis
Thou

nihil,

assequeris
thou attainest

nihil,

moliris

actest nothing,

nothing, thou attemptest nothing,

quod
which

valeat

latere
to lie hid

mihi,
from me,

in
in

tempore
the time:

neque
nor

may

be able

fcamen
yet

d^sistis
dost thou desist
to

cpnari
endeavour

&c
and

yelle.
to wish.

Quoties

How

often

jam
jlow (already)

ista
that

sica
poniard

extort a est
has been wrested

tibi from thee

de
from

manibus
the hands?

Vero quoties
But

excidit
it

how

often

has fallen out

et and

elapsa est
has slipped out

aliquo
by some

casu?
accident?
:

Tamen
Yet

potes
thou art able

non
not
to

carere
be without

eS
it

xiiutius bnger:

quae
which (poniard)

quidem
indeed

quibus
to

sacris
sacred rites

what

initiata sit
it

ac

devota abs te
devoted

nescio,

quod
that

may have been

initiated arid

by

thee I

know

not,

MARCI TULLII CICERONIS.

putas
thou thinkest
(it)

28
in
in

necesse
necessary

defigere
to fix

earn
it

corpora
the body

consulis.
of the consul.

7.

Vero nunc, quae

But
now,

est ista tua vita?

is

Enim jam
For

what
sic,
so,

that

thy

life?

now

loquar
odio

cum

te

ut
that I

I will speak with thee

videar non esse permotus moved may seem not to be

but that (I

quo
quae
which

debeo, sed ut may seem to be moved)

nulla
none
(none of which)

with the hatred with which I ought,

misericordia,
with pity,

debetur
is

tibi
to thee.

due

Venisti
Thou
earnest

paullo ante
a
little

in
into

senatum
the senate

:
:

before

quis who

ex
out of

hac
this

tanta
so great

frequentia,
assemblage,

ex
out of
so

tot

tuis
thy

amicis
friends

ac
and

many
this

necessariis,
acquaintances,

salutavit
saluted

te?
thee?

Si hoc
If

contigit
has befallen

pemini
to no one

post
after (since)

memoriam hominum, expectas contume^iam

the

memory
sis

of

men,

dost thou wait for

reproach

vocis
of voice

cum

oppressus
(thou art)

gravissimo
by the most heavy

when thou mayst be

?

oppressed

judicio taciturnitatis
judgment
of silence
?

Quid,

quod tuo Why (why should I mention), that at thy

?

adventu
arrival

ista subsellia
those
seats

vacuefacta sunt
were made vacant
?

Quod omnes
That
all

consulares,
the consular
(persons),

qui who

persaepe
very often

fuerunt
have been

constituti
appointed

tibi
to (by) thee

ad
to (for)

caedem,
slaughter,

reliquerunt
left

istam
that

partem
part

subselliorum
f th
'

nudam
naked

atque
and

inanem
empty

simul atque
as soon as

seats

assedist* ?
thou satest near?

Quo
With what
tibi ?

animo tandem
mind
si
if

putas

hoc

at length dost thou think this

ferendum

Mehercle,
By
Hercules,

to be borne to (by) thee?

mei servi metuerent might fear my slaves

ut

me

isto
that

pacto,
agreement
(in that

omnes
aU

tui
th/

civea
citizens

me ly

manner),

as

24

PRIMA ORATIO
te,
thee,
:

metuunt
fear

putarern
I should think

meam
my
tu

domum
house
(ought)

relinquendam
to

arbitraris
thinkest

non
not (that)

urbem
the city (ought to bn

be

left

thou

tibi?
-jft)

Et,
And,

si
if

viderem
I might see

me
myself

tarn graviter
so

to (by) thee ?

heavily

suspectum atque offensum meis civibus offensive suspected and to my citizens (even)

injuria,
with injustice,

mallem
conspici
to

me

carere

aspectu
of

civium
(my
citizens),
:

quam
than

I would rather myself to be-without the sight

infestis
with the hostile

oculis
eyes

omnium
of all:

cum
when

tu
thou

be-viewed

agnoscas
mayst-recognise

conscientia
by a consciousness

tuorum scelerum justum

of thy

crimes

the just

odium omnium,
hatred
of
all,

diu debitum tibi, et jam dubitas and now a-long-time due to thee, doubtest thou
the sight

vitare aspectum que prsesentiam eorum,

(dost thou hesitate) to avoid

and

the presence
?

of those,

mentes
the minds

que
and

sensus
feelings

quorum
of

vulneras
odissent

Si tui
If

whom

thou woundest?
te,

thy

parentes
parents

timerent
might-fear

atque
and

neque
neither

might-have-hated thee,

posses
thou mightest-be-able

placare
to

eos
them

appease

ulla by any

ratione,
reason (means),

concederes,

ut opinor,

aliquo

ab oculis eorum
of

thou shouldst-retire, as

I think, some-whither from the eyes

them:

nunc
now
,

patria,

quae

est
is

communis
the

parens
parent

nostrum
of us

the country, which

common
;
,

omnium,
all,

odit

ac metuit te
fears

has-hated (hates) and

thee

et jam diu and already a long-time

judicat nihil
judges

nisi cogitare te, de nothing concerning thee, unless to devise (that you devise)

de

suo parricidio.
hujus,
of this (of her),

Tu
neque
nor

verebere

neque
neither

concerning her

parricide (destruction). Wilt-thou-reverence

auctoritatem
the authority

sequere
wilt-thou-follow
(her)

judicium,
judgment,

neque
nor

pertimesces
wilt-thou-fear
k

vim?
her)

Quas
Which

force?

SLARCI TULLII CICERoNIS.

sic
(the country)

25
Catilina,
Catiline,

agit
acts

cum
(pleads)

te,
thee,

thus

with

et and

quodammodo
in

tacita
silent

loquitur.
speaks.

Nullum
No

facinus
wicked-deed

some- manner

exstitit
has-existed

jam
now
(for)

aliquot annis, nisi

some
te
:
:

per
neces

te

nullum
nfl>

years,

unless through thee;

flagitium
villany

sine

tibi
to thee

uni

without thee
tibi

one (alone) the deaths

multorunc of many

oivium,
citizens,

vexatio
harassing
:

que
and

direptio
plundering

sociorum
of allies

to thee (alone) the

fuit impunita ac has been unpunished and

libera
free
:

tu

valuisti

non solum
only

thou hast-been-able not

ad
to

leges ac
(for)

quasstiones negligendas,
(judicial)

verum
but

laws

and

inquiries

to

be neglected,

etiam ad
even
to (for

evertendas
them)
ilia
those
to be-overturned

que
and

perfringendas.
to b.e-broken-through.

Quamquam
Although

superiora

fuerunt non

ferenda.
to be

former (villanies) have-been not

borne

tamen
(ought not to have been borne),
yet

tuli I have borne (them),

ut
as

potui

:
:

vero nunc totam

but

me
my
whole
self
)

esse in
to

I was-able

now
te

the whole myself (for

be

in

metu propter
fear

unum

quidquid

increpuerit,

because-of thee

one (alone); whatever may-have-made-a-noise,

Catilinam
Catiline

timeri
is to

be-feared; (that Catiline should be the sole cause of

nullum consilium videri

fear in every disturbance)
;

posse
to be-able

(for)

no

design

to

seem

to

iniri contra me, quod be-entered-an against me, which

abhorreat
may-abhor (be inconsistent with)

&
from

tuo scelere
thy

est
is

non ferendum.
not
to be-borne.

Quamobrem
Wherefore

crime;

(this)

discede,
depart,

atque
and

eripe take away

hunc
this

timorem
fear

mihi,
from me,

ne
lest

opprimar,
I

si
I

est
it is

verus
a true (fear);

may-be-oppressed (that

may

not be oppressed),

if

sin
but- if

falsus,
false,

ut
that

tandem aliquando desinam timere.

at-length

sometimes

I may-cease

to fear.

26
8.

PRIMA 0RATI0
Si
If (thy)

patria
country

loquatur
may-speak

hsec
these (things)

cum
with

te,
thee,

ut
as

dixi,
I have-said,

ne
etiam

debeat
si
if

non
(ought she not)

impetrare,
to obtain

whether may-she-owe not

possit
she may-be-able

non
not

adhibere
to

vim

(her request),

even

apply

force?

Quid
in
into

quod
should I mention)?
?

tu ipse

dedisti

te
thyself

What (why

that

thou- thyself hast-given

custodiam
custody?

Quid

quod
that

causa
for-the-sske

suspieionis
of suspicion

What (why)?
te
velle
to

vitandse,
to be-avoided,

dixisti

habitare
to reside

thou saidst thyself

?

wish (that thou wishedst)

apud M. Lepidum
at

quo receptus non,

;

ausus es

M. Lepidus

By whom

being-received not, thou hast-dared

etiam
even

venire
to

ad
to

me

atque
and
:
:

rogasti ut
thou askedst (me) that

come

me;

asservarem te I-would-guard you

mese in my
id

domi
house

cum
when

tulisses
thou mightesb-have-borne

responsum quoque
answer
also

me,

me
myself

(thou hadst received) that

from me,

posse
to be-able

esse
to be (that I could be)

tuto
safely

nullo
in

modo cum
manner
with

te
thee

no

iisdem
in the

parietibus,
walls (of a house),

same

qui essem in who might-be in

magno
great
;

periculo,
danger,

quod
ad
to

contineremur

iisdem
a
by

moenibus
city-walls;

venisti
thou earnest

because we might-be-contained in the same

Q. Metellum,
Q. Metellus,

prsetorem
the praetor:

quo whom

repudiates,
being-rejected,

demigrasti
thou wentest-over

ad
to

tuum
thy

sodalem,
companion,

optimum
the best

virum, man
videlicet
forsooth

M. Marcellum,
(that very good man),

quern

tu
thou

M. Marcellus,

whom
et
both

putasti

fore
te

diligentissimum
mos'.-diligent

thoughtest to be-about-to-be (would be)

ad
to (for)

custodiendum
to

thee

be-guarded

(to

guard thee),

et and

sagacissimum ad
most-sagacious
to

suspicandum
ffor)

suspecting

(thee)

et and

fortissimum
most-brave

ad
to

^for ihed)

MARCI TULLII CICERONIS.

vmdicandum.
to

27
videtur
does-he-seem

Sed quam longe

punishing thee).

be-punished

(for

But

how

far

debere
ipse
himself

abesse

a
from

carcere atque
prison

a
from

vinculis,
bonds,

to-ought to be- absent

and

qui who

jam
now
(already)

judicaverit may have-judged

quae
(since)

se
himself

dignum custodia?
worthy
with custody

(of custody)

Curn When

sint

ita, Catilina,
Catiline,

which (things) may-be thus,

si
if

dubitas,
doubtest thou (dost thou hesitate),

potes
thou-art-able

non morari hie

not
to delay

here

sequo
with an equal

anirno,
mind,
to

abire
go-away

in
into

aliquas
some

terra,
lands,

et and

mandare istam vitam,

to

ereptam
rescued

commit

that

life

(of thine),

from

multis justis many just

que debitis
and
inquis,
due

suppliciis,
punishments,

fugae
to flight

que solitudini %; Refer,

and
to solitude

?V

Refer,

ad senatura (enim
(for

thou sayest, to the senate

postulas id), et, si hie thou demandest that), and, if this

ordo
te
them),

decreverit
ire go

placere

sibi,
to itself, (that
it

order (the senate) shall-have-decreed to please

pleases

in
into

exsilium,
exile,

dicis
thou sayest
id,
that,

te
thyself

esse
to

thee

to

be

obtemperaturum. Referam non

about-to- comply. I will-refer

quod abhorret
which
abhors

a
from

not

(is

inconsistent with)

meis moribus: et tamen my manners and yet

:

faciam
I will-make

ut

intelligas,

quid hi
what these
(the senators)

sentiant

that thou mayest-understand,

may

perceive

de
(thiuk)

te.
thee.

Egredere
Go-out

ex

urbe,
in
into

Catilina:
Catiline:

concerning

out- of the city,

libera
free

rempublicam
the republic

metu:
from fear

proficiscere
depart

exsilium,
exile,

si
if

expectas
thou waitest-for

hanc vocem.
this

Quid
(word).

est,
is-it,

Catilina?
Catiline?

voice

What

eequid

attendis,

ecquid

animadvertis
dost-thou-perceive

silentium
the silence

whether dost- thou- observe, whether

horum?
f

patiuntur,
?

tacent.
they are-silent

Quid
What (why

these

(senators)

they suffer

(it),

28
expectas
dost- thou -wait -for

PRIMA 0RATI0
auctoritatem
the authority

loquentium,
of (them) speaking,
?

voluntatem
the will

quorum
of

tacitorum perspicis
silent

f At

si
if

dixissem
I might-have-said

whom

(being)

thou-plainly-seest? But

hoc
this

idem
same
(thing)

huic
to this

optimo
best
(excellent)

adolescenti,
3'oung-inan,
;

P. Sextio,
P. Sextius,

si
if

fortissimo
to the

viro,

M. Marcello
M. Marcellns

jam
now
et and

most-brave

man,

senatus

intulisset

vim
force

(immediately) the senate would-have-brought-on (inflicted)

manus
hands

optimo
with the best

jure
right

mihi to me

consuli
the consul

in
in

hoc
this

templo
temple

ipso
itself;

autem cum
but
;
;

quiescunt
they are-quiet

de
concerning
;

te,
thee,

Catilina,
Catiline,

when

probant

cum

patiuntur,
hi

decernuot
;

cum
when they

tacent,
are-silent,

they approve

when they

suffer (it), they decree

clamant.
they exclaim.

Neque
est
is

solum, auctoritas
the authority

quorum
of
;

Neither these (senators) alone,

whom
sed
but

videlicet
forsooth

cara
dear

tibi,
to thee, (their)

vita
life

vilissima
(is)

most cheap;

etiam
also

illi

Eomani
Roman
ceteri
the other

equites, honestissimi
knights,

atque optimi
and
best

those

most-honourable

viri,

que
and

fortissimi
most-brave

cives,
citizens,

men,

qui who

circumstant
stand-around

senatum,
the senate,

potuisti videre, et frequentiam quorum tu and the assemblage of whom thou hast-been-able to see,

et perspicere and to see- plainly

studia,
(their)
desires,

et paulo ante and a little before

(a little while

exaudire
ago)
to

voces
their voices (shouts):

manus
the hands

ac
and

hear

tela weapons

quorum
of

jam
already

diu
a long-time

ego
I

vix
scarcely

contineo
restrain

abs

te,

whom
may-lead

from thee,

adducam eosdem
I

facile,
easily
(I could easily induce the same),

ut
tha)

the

same

prosequantur
they may-follow

usque
until

ad
to

portas,
the gates,

te
thee

relinquentem
leaving

haec,
khese (thing-O,

quae
which

studes
thou studiest

jampridem
long-sinee

vastare
to lay-waste.

MARCI TULLII CICERONIS.

29
ut
ulla
any

Quamquam
Although
te ? fi ah gat may-break thee?

quid
what (why)

loquor

?
?

rea
thing

do I speak

that

ut
that

tu
thou

umquam
ever
?

corrigas
mayst-correct

te ?

ut

thee? that

tu

meditere
?

ullam fugam
any
flight?

ut

tu

cogites

thou mayst-meditate

that thou mayst-devise

ulluin any

exsilium
exile?

Utinam
that

immortales
the immortal

Dii
Gods

duint
may-give

istam
that

mentem
mind

tibi

!
!

Tametsi video,
Although
I see,

si
if

perterritus
being-alarmed

mea
by

to thee

my

voce
voice

induxeris

animum

thou shalt-have-induced (thy) mind

to

ire go

in
into

exsilium,
exile,

quanta
how-great
si

tempesjas invidiam
a tempest
of envy (unpopularity)

impendeat nobis,
may impend
time,
to ua

minus
if-not

in
unto (for)

prsesens
the present

tempus,

recenti
by the recent

(me),

memoria tuorum scelerum,

memory
of thy

at

in

posteritatem.
posterity (at a future

crimes,

but unto

Sed
time).

est
it-is

tanti
of so- much (consequence)

But

mihi to me

(it is

worth the

dummodo
sacrifice)
;

ista
that

sit

privata calamitas,
calamity,

provided-that

may-be a private

et and
est
it-is

sejungatur
may-be-separated

a
from

periculis
the dangers

reipublicae.
of the republic.

Sed
But

non postulandum,
not
to

ut
that

tu
thou

commoveare
mayst-be-moved

be-demanded,

vitiis, tuis from thy vices,

ut
that

pertimescas
thou mayst-fear

poenas
the penalties

legum,
of the laws,

ut
that

concedas

temporibus
es
is,

reipublicae;

enim
for

thou mayst-concede to the times (circumstances) of the republic

neque
neither

Catilina,
Catiline,

ut
that

aut
either

pudor
shamo

art-thou

that (person),

revocarit may have-recalled

te
thee

a
from

turpitudine,
turpitude,

aut
or

metus
fear

a
from

periculo, aut ratio

danger,
or

a furore.
fury.

Quamobrem
Wherefore
si
if

profieiscere,
depart,

reason from

at
%s
I

dixi

jam

saspe:
often:

ac,
and,

have-said already

vis conflare thou wiahest to blow-togethei

3*

; :

80
invidiam
(produce)

PRIMA ORATIQ
mihi
to ine

tuo
thy

inimico,
enemy,

at
sa

envy (unpopularity)
;

prsedicas

perge
proceed

recta
straightway

in
into

exsilium
exile

vix
scarcely

thou deelarest;

feram
shall-I-bear

sermones hominum,
the speeches
of men,

si L
if

feceris

id:
si
if

thou-shalt-have-done that:

vix
scarcely

sustinebo
shall-I-support

molem
the mass

istius
of that

invidige,
envy,

ieris thou shalt-have-gone

in
in

exsilium
exile

jussu
by the order

consulis
of the consul:

sin

autem

mavis
thou wishest-rather

servire mese laudi et gloriae,

to serve
to

but-if

my
*

praise

and

glory,

egredere
go-out

cum
with (thy)

importuna manu
troublesome

sceleratorum
of wicked

hand (band)
:

confer
betake

te
thyself

ad Manlium
to

concita perditos
excite
lost
:
:

Manlius

cives

secern e
separate

te
thyself

bonis

infer
bring-on

(abandoned) citizens:

from the good

bellum
war

patriae
to (thy)

:
:

exsulta
exult

impio
in impious

latrocinio,
robbery
(warfare),

country

ut
that

videaris
invitatus
being-invited

non
to

thou-mayst-seem not

ejectus a me isse have-gone cast-out by me

ad alienos,
to
aliens,

sed
but

ad
to

tuos. thy-own
te,

Quamquam
(friends).

quid
what

Although

ego invitem
(why)
may-I-invite

a
by

quo
whom
qui who
I

sciam
may-know
(persons)

jam
now
tibi
for thee

thee,

premisses esse
(already) to have-been-sent-before

prgestolarentur
should-wait
?
I

armati
armed-

ad
to (at)

Aurelium
the Aurelian

forum
forum?

Sciam
may know
?

diem
the day

pactam esse
to

et constitutam
appointed

cum Manlio
with

quo

have-been-agreed-on and

Manlius?

By whom

sciam
I

etiam
even

illam
that

argenteam
silver

aquilam,
eagle,

quara
which
tibi,
to thee,

may-know

confido
I trust

futuram esse
to be-about-to-be

perniciosam et funestam
destructive

and

fatal

ac
and

omnibus
to all

cui tuis, thy (friends), to which

sacrarium
a shrine

tuonvm
of thy

MARCI TULLII CICERONIS.

sceleruni
erimes

31
domi,
house,

fuit

constituturn
appointed

tuae
of thy (at thy)

was

prgemissam esse?
to

Ut
?

tu possis

carere

ilia
that

have-been-sent-before

How

mayst-thou-be-able to be-without

(eagle)

diutius, any longer,

quam
which

solebas
thou-wast-accustomed
?

venerari,
to worship,

proficiscens
departing

ad
to

csedem
saepe

A
From

altaribus
the altars

cujus
of which

slaughter?

transtulisti

istam
that
?

impiam
impious

dexteram
right-hand

ad
to

thou-hast-transferred often

necem
the death (slaughter)

civium
Ibis
Thou-wilt-go

of citizens?

10.

aliquando tandem,
at length,

quo
whither

ista
that

tua
thy

effrenata
unbridled
te.
(hurry) thee.
tibi,
to thee,

ac
and

furiosa
furious

cupiditas
desire

jampridem rapiebat
long-since
did-seizc

Enim neque
For
neither

hsec
this

res
thing

affert
brings

dolorem
pain

sed
but

quandam
some
(a certain)

incredibilem
incredible

voluptatem
pleasure*

natura
nature

peperit
has-produced

te
thee

ad hanc amentiam,
to

voluntas
(thy) will

this

madness,

exercuit,
has exercised (thee in
it),

for tuna
fortune

servavit
has-preserved (thee for
it):

tu
thou

nunquam
never

concupisti non
hast-coveted

modo
only

otium, sed ne quidem

ease,

not

but

not-even

bellura,
war,

nisi
unless

nefarium
a nefarious (war)
:

nactus es
thou hast-obtained

manum
a band

improborum
of dishonest

conflatam
blown-together
(formed)

ex
out of

perditis,
lost

(men)

atque
(abandoned men),

derelictis
forsaken

non
not
*

modo ab omni
only

and

by

every
lsetitia gladness
?
?

fortuna,
fortune,

verum
but

etiam
even
?

spe.
hope.

Qua
With what

tu perfruere
wilt- thou- enjoy

hie

quibus
in

gaudiis
joys

exsultabis
in tanto
in

in
in

here?

what

wilt-thou-exult

quanta voluptate
how-great
pleasure

bacchabere,
wilt-thou-revel,

cum
when

numero
numbci

so-great a

82

?RIMA ORATIO
neque
neither
?

tuorum
of thy
(associates)

audies
wilt-thou-hear
Illi

neque
nor

videbis
wilt-see

quemquam bonum virum

any
good

tui
thy

labores,
labours,

qui
which

man

Those

feruntur,
are-borne
(are

meditati sunt
commonly
reported),

have-been- meditated (practised)

ad
to (for)

studium
the study (purpose)

hujus
of this (kind of)

vitse:
life

jacere
to lie

humi,
on-the-ground,

non modo ad
not

stuprum
adultery

obsidendum,
to-be-lain-in-wait-for,
;

only

to (for)

verum etiam ad
but

facinus

obeundum

vigilare,
to watch,

even

to (for) a

daring-deed to be-gone-through;

non solum
not

insidiantem
lying-in-wait

somno
for the sleep

maritorum,
of husbands,

verum
but

only

etiam bonis
even
for the

occisorum.
slain.

Habes ubi
Thou famis,

ostentes
frigoris,
of cold,

goods of (them)

hast where thou mayst-display

illam
that

tuam prseclaram patientiam

thy

famous
;

patience

of hunger,

inopise of want

omnium rerum
of all

quibus

senties

te
thyself

things;

with which thou wilt-perceive

esse confectum
to

brevi
in a short

tempore.
time.

Profeci tantum turn,

I profited

be

wasted

so-much

then,

cum

a consulatu, repuli te when I repelled thee from the consulship,

potius
rather

ut
that

posses
thou mightest-be-able

tentare
to try

rempublicam
(attack)

exul,
(as)

quam
than

the republic

an

exile,

vexare
to

consul:
(it)

atque
and

ut
that

id,
that,

quod
which

harass

(as)

a consul

susceptum esset
night have-been-undertaken

scelerate
wickedly

a
by

te
thee

nominaretur
should-be-named

latrocinium potius
i

quam
than

helium.
a war.

robbery

rather

11.

Nunc, conscripti patres, ut

Now,
conscript
fathers,

that

detester may detest

ac
(avoid) and

ieprecer
aaay-deprecate

a
from

me,
myself,

quandam
some
(a certain)

prope
nearly
(almost;

justam quserimoniam
|ust

complaint

of

percipite diligenter, patriae : diligently (my) country attend-to

:

MARCI TULLII CICERONIS.

quseso,
I

33

quae
(the things)

dicam,
I may-say,

pray,

which

et and

mandate
commit

ea
tt .vl

penitus vestris animis que

inwardly
to

mentibus.
understandings.

Etenim,
For,

si
if

your

minds

and

patria, quae est

(my) country,
which
si
if
is

multo carior
by-inuch
dearer

nrlhi
to

mea

vita,
life,

si
if

me than my

cuncta
the whole

Italia,
Italy,

omnis respublica loquatur cum me:

all

the republic
?
y

may-speak

with

me:

M.
M.

Tulli,
Tullius,

quid
what

agis

ne
whether

tu patieris
wilt-thou-suffer

eum
him

actest-thou?

exire,
to

quern

eomperisti

esse

hostem

quem
whom
sentia

go-out

whom

thou hast-discovered to be

an enemy:

vides

futurum

ducem
a leader

belli
of the

:
:

quem
whom
castris
the camps

thou seest about-to-be

war

thou perceivest

exspectari
to be-waited-for (as)

imperatorem in
commander
in

hostium,
of the enemies,

auctorem
the author

sceleris,
of the wickedness,

principem
the chief

conjurationis,
of the conspiracy

evocatorem
the

servorum
(to

summoner

war)

of slaves

et and

perditorum
ex

civium,

of lost (abandoned) citizens,

ut

videatur
may-seem

non esse emissus

not
to be

urbe

abs
by

te,
thee,

that he

sent-out
?
?

out-of the city

sed immissus
but
sent-in

in
into

urbem
the city

Nonne imperabis
Wilfe-thou-not-command

hunc
this

duci
(Catiline)

in
into

yincula,
bonds,

non
not

rapi
to be-seized ^hurried)

ad
to

to-be-led

mortem,
death,

non
not

maetari
to be-slain

summo
ne

supplieio

Quid
What
?

with the highest punishment?

tandem impedit
at-length

hinders

te ? you?

mos
the custom

majorum
multarunt

whether

of (our) ancestors?

At
But

persaepe
very-often

etiam privati
even
private

(persons)

have fined

(punished)

pernieiosos
destructive

cives
citizens

morte
with death

in hac
in
this

republica.
republic.

An
Whether

leges
the laws

quae
which

rogatce sunt

de

supplieio

have-been-begged (passed) concerning the punishment

?

Komanorum civium f Roman citizens

At nunquam
But
never

in
in

(do these prevent thee)?

: :

34
hac urbe
this
ii

PRIMA ORATIO
tenuerunt
have-held (retained)

jura

civium,

city

those

the rights of citizens,

qu. who

defecerunt
^ave-revolted

a
from

republica.
the republic.

An
Whether
But

times
fearest-thou

invidiam
the snvy

posteritatis ?
(displeasure)

Vero
populo,
people,

refers
thou returnest

pneclaram
a famous te,
thee,

of posterity

gratiam
acknowledgment

Romano
to the

qui
which
te,
thyself

extulit
has-raised

Roman

hominem
a man

cognitum
known

per
through

nulla
(alone),

with no

commendatione
recommendation

majorum,
of ancestors,

per
through

omnes
all

gradus
steps

honorum
(degrees)
of honours

tarn
so

mature ad
early
to

summum
the highest

imperium,
command,
periculi,
danger,
si

8i
if

propter
because-of

invidiam,
envy,

aut
or

metum
fear

alicujus of some

negligis
thou neglectest

salutem
the safety

tuorum civium.
of thy
citizens.

Sed
But

est

if there-is

quis metus invidise,

any
fear

num

of envy (displeasure), whether

est invidia severitatis is *he envy of severity

ac fortitudinis pertimescenda vehementius,

and
of fortitude
to be-feared

quam
than (that)

more-violently,

inertias
of inactivity

ac
and

nequitiae?
of negligence
?

An,
"Whether,

cum
when

Italia
Italy

vastabitur
ehall-be-devastated

bello,
with war,

urbes
cities

vexabuntur,
shall-be-harassed,

tecta
roofs

ardebunt
(houses) shall-be-on-fire

existimas
dost-thou-think

te
thyself

non
not
(to be)

conflagraturum turn
about- to-burn

incendio

invidiae ?
*

then with a conflagration of envy (unpopularity)

12.

Ego respondebo pauca

I

his
to these

sanctissimis
most-sacred

will-answer

a few (words)

vocibus
voices (words)

reipublicae,
of the republic,

et and

mentibus hominum, qui

to the

minds

of men,

who

sentiunt
feel

idem.
the same (have similar sentiments).

Si ego judicarem
If
I

might-judge

hoc optimum
this

factu,
to be-done,

conscripti
conscript

patres,
fathers,

Catilinam
Catilints

best

; ;

MARCI TULLII CICERONIS.

multari
to be-fined

morte
(punished)

dedissem
I would-have-giveu

non
not
isti

with death

usuram
the use

unius
of one

horse
hour
si
if

ad
to

vivendum
to be-lived (for living)

to that

gladiatori.
gladiator.

Etenim,
For,

summi
the highest

viri,

men,

clarissirni et and the most-famoug

cives
citizens

non
not

modo
only

contaminarunt
have contaminated

non,
not,

sed
but

etiani
even

honestarunt
have-ennobled

se, themselves,

sanguine
by the blood
et and

Saturnini,
of Saturninus.

et and

Gracehorum,
of the Gracchi,

et and

Flacci,
of Flaccus,

complurium superiorum,
of

many
me,
lest

superiors

certe
certainly

erat
it

non
not

verendum
to-be-feared

mihi,
to (by)

ne quid
any
(thing)

was

invidiae
of unpopularity

redundaret
might-redound

mihi in
to

posteritatem, hoc
posterity,
this

me unto

parricida
parricide

civium
of citizens

interfecto.
being-slain.

Quod
But

si

ea
it

impenderet
might-impend

if

mihi maxime,
('threaten)
to

tamen
yet

me

mostly (very much),

fui I have-been

semper
always

hoc
with this

animo, ut
mind,

putarem

invidiam partam virtute,

envy
produced

that I might-think

by virtue,

gloriam, non invidiam.

glory,

Quamquam
Although

sunt
there-are

nonnulli in
some
in

not
.

envy.

hoc ordine,
this

order (assembly),

qui who

aut
either

videant
may-see

non
not

ea
those
(things)

qua?
which

imminent,
impend,
:

aut
or

dissimulent
may- dissemble

ea,
those
(things),

quae
which

vident
they-see
:

qui aluerunt who have-nourished

spem
the hope

Catilinae mollibus
of Catiline

by

soft

(mild)

eententiis,
opinions,

que
and

corroboraverunt
have-strengthened

nascentem
the growing

sonjurationem
conspiracy

credendo
by believing
(it)

non.
not.

Auctoritatem
The authority

quorum
of

whom

multi many

secuti,
having-followed,

non
not
si
if

solum
only

improbi,
the dishonest,

verum
but

etiam
also

imperiti,
the unskilful,

animadvertissem
I

in

might-have-animadverted upon

: ; .

36
hunc,
him
(if

PRIMA ORATIO
diccrent
I

factum esse crudelitei

(it) to

had punished him), would-say

have- be en -done
si
if

cruelly

et and

regie.
royally (tyrannically).

Nunc
Now

intelligo,
I understand,

iste
that (Catiline;

pervenerit
shall-have-arrived

quo
whither

intendit,

in

Manliana
the Manliau

he stretches (purposes), into

castra,
camps,

neminem
no-one

fore

tarn stultum, qui

so
foolish,

to be-about-to-be

videat who may-see

non
not

conjurationem
a conspiracy
to

factam esse;
haye-bcen-made j

neminem
no-one

tam
so

improburu,
dishonest,

qui who

fateatur
may-confess
(it)

non.
not.

Autem hoc uno

But
this

one

interfecto,
(Catiline alone)

intelligo,
I understand,

banc
this

pestem
pest

being-slain,

reipublic

reprimi
in
unto
se,
himself,

paullisper,
for-a-little-while,

non
not

posse
to be-able

of the republic to be-repressed

comprimi
to

perpetuum.
perpetual
(for ever).

Quod
eduxerit
shall-haye-led-out

si

be-compressed

But-if

ejecerit
he shall-have-cast-out

que
and

suos
his-own

cum
(associates)

se, with himself,

et aggregaverit ceteros and shall-bave-gathered-together the other

naufragos

collectos

undique
reipmblicse,
of the republic,

eodem
;

shipwrecked (ruined persons) collected

from-all-sides to-the-same-place

non modo h&c tam adulta

not

pestis
pest

verum
but

only

this

so

adult

etiam
also

stirps
the roots

ac
and

semen
seed

omnium
of all

malorum
evils

exstinguetur,
will-be-extinguished,

atque
and

delebitur.
will-be-blotted-out (destroyed).

13.

Etenim
For

jam
already

diu,
a long-time,

conscripti
conscript

patres,
fathers,

rersamur
sed
but
I

in his periculis conjurationis que insidiis

dangers
of conspiracy

re-are-engaged in these

and

in snares

nescio

quo

pacto,
agreement (by what means),

maturitas
the maturity

know-not by what

omnium
}i

scelerum,
crimes,

ac
and

veteris
of old

furoris
fury

all

et and

audacise
audacity

MARCI TULLII CICERONIS.

crupit
in

37

tempus nostri
of our (of lay)

consulates.
consulship.

Quod

si

has-broken-out into the time

But-if

ex
out-of

tanto
so-great

latrocinio
robbery
(conspiracy)

iste
that

unus
one
(Catiline alone)

tolletur
shall-be-taken-away
;

videbimur
we-shall-seem

fortasse
perhaps

esse
to be

relevati
relieved
:

cura

et

metu ad
fear
to (for)

quoddam breve tempus

some
erit
will-be

autem
but

from care and

short

time

periculum
the danger

residebit,
will-settle,

et and

inclusum
inclosed

penitus
inwardly

in
in

venis atque in visceribus reipublicae.

the veins

Ut
As

saepe
often

homines
men

and

in

the viscera

of the republic.

aegri gravi sick with a heavj

febri,
with fever,
si
if

morbo,
disease,

cum
when

jactantur
they are-tossed

aestu
with heat

que
ana

biberint
they may-have-drunk

gelidam
cold

aquam,
water,

videntur
seem

primo relevari,
at-first

deinde
sic hie
so
this

afflictantur
are- afflicted

multo

gravius

to be-relieved, afterwards
;
;

by much more-heavily

que vehementius
and
more-violently

morbus, qui est in republic^,

disease,

which

is

in

the republic,

relevatus
reliquis
to the

poena
civibus.
citizens.

istius

ingravescet
will

being-relieved by the punishment of that (Catiline)

grow-grievou?

Quare,
Wherefore,

conscripti
conscript

patres,
fathers,

remaining

improbi
the dishonest

secedant, may retire (let them

secernant
retire),

se
themselves
;

let-them-separate

a
id
that

bonis,

congregentur

in

unum locum
one
place

denique,
finally,

from the good, let-them-be-assembled into

quod
which

jam
already

dixi
I have-said

saepe,
often,

secernantur
let-theni-be- separated

a
from

/\
\

nobis
us
'

muro,
by the wall
(of the city),

desinant
let-them-cease

insidiari
to lie-in-wait

consuli
for the consul

suae
of his-own

domi,
house (at his own house),

circumstare
to

stand-around

tribunal
the tribunal

urbani
of the civic

praetoris,
praetor,

obsidere
to beset

curiam
the council-house

cum
with

gladiis,
swords,

comparare
to p~epa.ro

malleolos
combustibles

et faces and torches

ad
to (fori

38

PRIMA 0RAT10
inflammandam.
to be-set-on-fire.

urbem
the city

Denique,
Finally,

sit
let-it-be

inscriptuxn
inscribed

in
in (on)

fronte
the forehead

uniuscujusque
of each

civis,
citizen,

quid
Avhat

sentiat
he may-fee)

de
vobis, conscripti patres,
to

republic^.

Polliceor
I promise

hoc
thi*

(wnat are his sentiments) concerning the republic.

tantam diligentiam
so-great
diligence

fore
to be-about-to-be

you,

conscript

fathers,

in
will be) in

nobis
us

consulibus,
consuls,

tantam
so-great

auctoritatem in
authority
in

vobis,
you,

tantam
so-great

virtutem
virtue (valour)

in
in

Romanis
the

equitibus,
knights,

Roman
bonis,

tantam
so-great

consensionem
agreement

in
in

omnibus
all

ut
that

the-good,

profeetione
by the departure

Catilinae
of Catiline

videatis
you-may-see

omnia
all

esse
to

(things)

be

patefacta,
exposed,

illustrata,
brought-to-light,

oppressa, vindicata.
oppressed,

punished.

Hisce /With

these

ominibus, Catilina,
omens,
Catiline,

cum
with

summa"
the highest

salute
safety

reipublicse,
of the republic,

et cum tua peste ac pernicie, and with thy-own pest and destruction,

que cum
and

exitio

with the destruction

eorum qui junxerunt

of those

se

cum
ad
to

te

omni

scelere
crime

who

have-joined themselves with

thee in every

que
and

parricidio, proficiscere
parricide,

impium
an impious

ac nefarium
and
nefarious

depart

bellum.
war.

Turn
Then

tu,
thou,

Jupiter,
Jupiter,

qui who

constitutus es
has-been-established

a
by

Romulo
Romulus

iisdem
with the same

auspiciis
auspices

quibus
with which

hsec urbs
this

city

(was

established)

quern whom
empire,

nominamus
we name

vere
truly

Statorem
the Stator

hujus
of this

urbis atque imperii,

city

arcebis

hunc

and

wilt-ward-off this (Catiline)

socios et and the companions

tectis a from the roofs

hujus

tuis
thy

aris
altars

que

ceteris

templis,
vita
the
life

of this from

and from the other temples,

ac mcenibus
(houses) and the

urbis,
of the city,

a
froar

que
and

fortunis
the fortunes

walh

MARCI TULLII CICERONIS.

39

omnium
of all

civium;
the citizens
:

et and

mactabis
thou wilt-sacrifice (destroy)

omnes
all

inimicos bonorum, hostes

enemies
of the good,

patriae,

latrones

Italic,
of Italy,

enemies of the country, the robbers

conjunctos
united

inter foedere se among themselves by a covenant

societate,
society,

scelerum
of crimes

ac
and

nefaria
by nefarious

vivos
alive

que
and

mortuos,
dead,

asternis
with eternal

suppliciis.
punishments.

SECUNDA ORATIO

THE SECOND ORATION

AD QUIEETES.

TO THE ROMANS.

1.

Tandem aliquando,
At-length,

Quirites, Romans,

vel
either

ejecimus
we have-cast-out

ex

urbe, L. Catilinam, furentem audacia, anhelantem

L.Catiline,

out- of the city,

raging

with audacity,

panting-after

scelus,
crime,

molientem nefarie pestem

attempting
nefariously

patriae,

the pest (destruction) of the country,

minitantem ferrum que flammam vobis atque huic urbi,

threatening

sword

and

flame

to

you

and

to this

city,

vel
or

emisimus
we have-sent (him)
out,

vel
or

prosecuti sumus
we-have- followed

verbis
with words

ipsum egredientem.
himself
going-out.

Abiit,

excessit,

evasit,

Hehas-departed, he has-gone-out, he has-escaped,

erupit.
he has-burst-out.

Jam
Now
moenibus
for the walls

nulla pernicies comparabitur intra

no
ipsis
themselves
destruction
will be-prepared

within

moenia
the walls

a
by

illo
that

monstro
monster

atque
and

prodigio.

Atque
And

prodigy (of wickedness).

without

vicimus sine controversia controversy we have-conquered

of domestic

quidem tunc unum ducem domestici

indeed
ilia
that
this

one

leader

belli. war.

Enim jam
For

now

sica
poniard

versabitur
will

non
not

be-engaged

inter among

nostra
our

latera
sides

pertimescemus non in campo,

iwill not

be aimed at our sides)

we

shall-fear

(it)

not

in

the plain

non
(<he

in
in

foro,
^he forum,

non
not

in
in

euria ?
the council- housit
C40)

Campus

Martius),

not

MARC1 TULLII CICERONIS.

deniqe, nou intra
finally,

41

not

within (our)

domesticos parietes. Ille motus est walls. domestic He was-moved

loco,
from (his) place,

cum
when

depulsus est
he was-driven

ex
out-of

urbe.
the city.

Jam
Now
nullo
no-one

geremus
we

palam justum bellum cum hoste,

a just

shall-carry on openly

war

with

an enemy,

impediente.
hindering.

Sine
Without

dubio perdidimus, que

doubt

magnifice
occultis
hidden

we we

destroyed,

and magnificently

vicimus hominern,
conquered
the man,

cum conjecimus
when
cast

ilium
him

ex
out-of

insidiis
snares

in
into

apertum
open

latrocinium.
robbery (war).

Vero
But

quanto
with how-great

moerore tandem
sorrow
at-length

putatis
do you-think

ilium
him

esse
to be

afflictum
afflicted

et and

profligatum,
cast-down,

quod
voluit,

extulit

non
not

mucronem
the sword-blade

because he has-carried-out

cruentum, ut
bloody,
as

quod

egressus

he wished, because

est, nobis vivis, he went-out, ourselves alive

quod
(I being alive), because

extorsimus
we have-wrested
reliquit

ferrum

ei

de
him
from

the sword from

manibus,
the hands,

quod
because

cives

incolumes,
safe,

quod
because

he has-left the citizens

?

urbem stantem
(he has
left)

Ille

nunc jacet prostratus,

now
struck
lies

the city

standiDg?

He

overthrown,

Quirites, et sentit se esse Romans, and perceives himself to be

et profecto retorquet saepe and indeed often turns-back

perculsum atque abjectum,

and
cast-down,

oculos ad hanc
(his)

urbem
city

eyes

to

this

quam
which

luget
he mourns
to

ereptam esse
have-been-snatched

ex
out-of

suis faucibus
his

jaws:

quae
which
(city)

videtur
seems

mihi
to

quidem
indeed

laetari,
to rejoice,

quod
because

me
a

evomuerit
it

tantam pestem, que

so-great
p*?st

projecent
may-have-cast
(it)

may have-vomited-out

and

foras.
without.

2.

At
But

si
if

quis
any (person)

est talis, quales oportebat

is

omnes
aL

such

like-as

if

did-behove

4*

42
esse,
to be,

SECUNDA
qui accuset who may accuse

0JKATI0
in
in

me vehementer
me
violently

hoc
this (thing'

ipso,
itdl

in
in

quo
which

mea
my

oratio
speech

exsultat
exults

et and

triumphat,
triumphs,

quod
because

comprehenderim non
I

tarn
so

capitalem hostem,
capital

potius
rather
5

may

have-seized

not

an enemy,

quam
than
I

emiserim
may
have-sent (him)-out:

ista est
that
is

non mea culpa fault, not my

long-since

Quirites, sed Romans, but (the

temporum.
fault) of the times.

Oportebat jampridem
It-did-behove

L. Catilinam interemtum esse, et affectum

L. Catiline
to have-been-slain,

gravissimo
with the heaviest

and

affected

supplicio

que et

punishment;

mos majorum, et severitas and both the custom of (our) ancestors, and the severity

hujus imperii, et respublica postulabat of this command (of the consular power), and the republic did demand
id

me.
me.

Sed quam multos

But

putatis

fuisse,

that from

how

many
quae
which

do you-think to have-been

qui who

crederent
would believe

non
not
(the things)

ego
I

deferrem

quam
how

might-allege?

multos,
many,

qui who
?

putai-ent
would-think (them)

non
not
(to exist)

propter
because-of

stultitiam
folly?

quam
how

multos, qui etiam defenderent ? many, who even would-defend (them)?

quam multos,
how
many,
si,
if,

propter improbitatem ? qui faverent who would-favour (them) because-of dishonesty?

sublato,
(Catiline)

Ac
And

illo

judicarem
I might-judge

omne
every

he

being-removed,

periculum
danger

depelli
to be-repelled

a
from

vobis
you

jampridem
long-Mnce

ego
I

Bustulissem
would-have-removed

L. Catilinam,
L. Catiline,

non
not

modo
only

periculo
with danger vitse.
of
life.

(at the peril) of

mese my

verum invidioe, but envy (unpopularity),

re
the thing

etiam
even

Sed
But

cum
when

viderem,
I might-see,

etiam
even
si
if

turn
then

probata
being-approved

ne quidem
not-even
>

vobis
to (by;

omnibus
all Cthe senators),

multassem
I might-have-punished

you

MARCI TULLII CICERONIS.

ilium
him
znorte,

43

ut nieritus erat,
a3

fore
(it

mth

death,

he had-deserved, to be-about-'o-be

might be)

ut

oppressus
ejus companions of him

invidia,

possem

non persequi
to

that veing-oppressed with unpopularity, I should-be-able not

pursue

SOC70S
the

deduxi
:

rem
turn,
then,

hue,
(to this),

I have-brought-down the thing hither

ut
that

possetis
you might-be-able

pugnare palam
to fight

cum

videretis

openly

when yoL might-see

Quirites, Romans,
foris, without

hostem
1

aperte.
openly.

Quern
W-hich

hostem,
enemy,

quidem,
indeed,

ie

enemy

[uam vehementer ego putem esse timendum

k

ow

violently

may

think to be

to be-feared

being out of the

city), it

licet may-be-allowed

(that)

intelligatis you may-understand

hinc,
hence (you

quod fero etiam

may
learn from this), that

illud moleste,
this

I bear

even

grievously,

quod
that

exierit

ex

urbe
the city

parum
little

comitatus.
accompanied.

he may-have-gone-out out-of
ille

Utinam
O
that

eduxisset
might-have-led-out

omnes suas
all

copiasforces

cum
with

he

his

se
himself!

Eduxit
He

mihi
me

Tongillum,
Tongillus,

has-led-out for

quern coeperat whom he had-begun

:
:

amare calumnia
to love

in prsetexta

with calumny (feigned love) in the prastexta (in youth)

(he has

Publicium
led out)

Publicius

et and

Munacium,
Munacius,

alienum

8js

quorum
of

the debt

whom

contractum in popina poterat afferre nullum motum

contracted
in

the tavern
:
:

was-able

to

bring

no
?

movement

reipublicse
(commotion)
to the republic

quos viros
what

reliquit

quanto

men

has-he-left? with how-great

aere alieno,
debt,

quam
how

valentes,
powerful,

quam
how
greatly

nobiles
noble
?

3.

Itaque ego contemno magnopere ilium exercitum,

Therefore
I

despise

that

army

et

Gallieanis legionibus, et
legions,

hoc
this

delectu,
choice

(of Catiline), both ^ith the Gallic

and with

quern Q. Metellus habuit in

(levy),

which

Q. Metellus

has had

in

et Gallico the Picenian and GaUi

Piceno

44
agro,
field (territory),

SECUNDA ORATIO
his copiis, et and with these forces,

quae
which

comparantur
are-prepared

a by

nobis quotidie;
us
daily (I despise that

collectum
army)
;

ex
out-of

desperatis
hopeless

collected

senibus,
old-men,

ex agresti luxuria,
out-of
rural

ex rusticis decoctoribus,
out-of
rustic

luxury,

spendthrifts,

ex

iis

out-of those

qui who

maluerunt
have-wished-rather
:

deserere
to desert (their)

vadimonia
recognisances

quam
than

ilium exercitum that army

the array of our

to

quibus whom

si
if

ego
I

ostendero
shall-have-shown
si
if

non
not

modo aciem
only

nostri exercitus,
army,

verum etiam
but

even

(I shall

have

edictum
shown)
the edict

prsetoris,
of the prsetor,

concident.
they
will-fall (faint).

Mallem
I would-rather

eduxisset
he might-have-led-out

cum
in
in

se

suos
his

milites
soldiers

hos, quos
these,

with himself (as)

whom
(at)

video
I see

volitare
to flutter-about

foro,
the forum,

quos stare ad whom (I see) to stand to

:
:

curiam,
the council-house,

quos whom

venire etiam in senatum

(I see) to

qui
whc
si
if

come

even

into

the senate

nitent
shine

unguentis,
with perfumes,

qui who

fulgent
glitter

purpura:
in purple
:

qui who
not

permanent
they remain

hie,
here,

mementote ilium exercitum non

remember
that

tarn
so

army

quam
(much)
as

hos,
these,

qui who

deseruerunt
have- deserted

exercitum
the

esse
to

army

be

pertimescendos
to be-feared

nobis.
to (by) us.

Atque sunt etiam

And
they-are

timendi
to be-feared

even

hoc
by
this

magis,
more,

quod
because

sentiunt
they perceive

me
me

scire
to

quid
what

know

cogitent,

neque tamen permoventur.

nor
yet
sit,

Video
I see
to

cui

they may-devise,

are-moved.

whom
qui who

Apulia
Apulia

attributa

may

have-been-assigned,

qui habeat Etruriam, Etruria, who may-have

Picenum agrum,
the Picenian
field (territory),

depoposcerit qui Gallicum, qui who the Gallic, who may have-demanded
of slaughter

sibi
%

has urbanas insidias csedis atque incendiorum.

civic

himself these

snares

and

of conflagrations*

; : ;

MARCI TULLII CICERONIS.

Sentiunt
They perceive

45
noctis
night

omnia
all

consilia
the counsels

superioris
of the former
:

delata esse
to

ad
(reported)
to

me

patefeci
I exposed (them)

in
in

have-been-brought

me:

senatu hesternodie: Catilina ipse pertimuit, profugit?

the senate

yesterday:

Catiline

himself
illi

feared,

lied*

quid

hi

exspectant
wait?

Nae

errant vehementer,
err

what (why) these

si

Truly they

violently

sperant
they hope (expect)

illam
that

meam
my

pristinam
former

(very much),

if

lenitatem
mildness

futuram perpetuam.
about-to-be
perpetual.

4.

Jam
Already

assecutus

sum quod
what

exspectavi,
I waited-for,

ut
that

vos
you

I have-attained

omnes
all

videretis conjurationem
might-see

factam esse
to

aperte
openly

a conspiracy

have-been-made

contra rempublicam.
against
the republic.

Nisi, vero, si
Unless, indeed,
if

est
there-is

quis
any (person)

qui

putet

similes Catilinse
the like

non
lenitati
for mildness
;

sentire
to feel

who may-think

of Catiline (think like Catiline) not

cum
with

Catilina;.
Catiline.

Jam
Now

est

non locus
place

res
the thing

there-is not

ipsa
itself

flagitat demands

severitatem.
severity.

Etiam
Even

nunc
now
;

concedam
I will-concede

unum
one (thing)
:

exeant
Catilinam
Catiline

proficiscantur
let-them-depart;

patiantur

ne

let-them-go-out;

let-them- suffer not

miserum
the wretched

tabescere
to

desiderio
with the want
of

pine-away

sui them

demonstrabo
I will-point-out
si
if

iter.
the journey.

Profectus est AureliS, viS, He departed by the Aurelian way:

volent

accelerare, consequentur

ad

vesperam.
(at)

they-shall-wish to hasten,

they will-overtake (him) to

si
if

evening.

fortunatam rempublicam,
fortunate
republic,

quidem,
indeed,

ejecerit
she may-have-cast-out

hanc sentinam hujus urbis

this

Mehercule, Catilintt unc

By-Hercules,
Catiline

sink

of this

city

one

exhausto,
^ilone)

being- drawn -off,

respublica videtur mihi relevata the republic seems to me relieved

? :

46
et and

SECUNDA ORATIO
recreata.
refreshed.

Enim
For

quid
what

mali
of evil

aut scelcris
or of crime

potest
is-abl

fingi
to be-

aut excogitari,
fashioned
or
to be-devised,

quod
which

ille

conecperit

he

may

have-euneeive4

non?
not?

Quis veneficus
What
poisoner
in

tot it whole

Italia,
(all)

quis gladiator,
what
.

Italy,

gladiator

quis latro, quis sicarius, quis parricida, quis subjoctoi

what robber, what
assassin,

what

parricide,

what

snbstitutoi

testamentorum,
of wills,

quis what quis

what

circumscriptor,
over-reacher,

quis
what

ganeo,
debauchee,

quis
what

nepos,
spendthrift,

adulter,
adulterer,

quae
what

infamis
infamous

mulier, woman,

quis corrupter juventutis, quis corruptus

what
corruptor
of youth,

quis
(person),

what

corrupted

what

perditus
lost

potest
is-able

inveniri,
to be- found,

(abandoned person)

qui who

fateatur
may-confess

non
not

se
himself
to

vixisse
have-lived

familiarissirae
most-familiarly

cum
with

Catilina
Catiline?

Quae
What

credos
sine

facta est

per

hosce
these-here

annos
years

slaughter (murder) has-been-done through

illo ?

Quod
What

nefarium
nefarious

stuprum
debauchery

(of late years) without

him?

non
not

per
through

ilium?
him?
fuit
has been

Vero jam,
But
now,

quae
what

tanta
so-great

illecebra
allurement

juventutis
of youth

umquam
ever

in ullo homine, quanta in any in man, as-great-as in

alios
others

illo ?

him?

qui who

ipse
himself

amabat
did-love

turpissime,
most-basely,

serviebat
did serve

flagitiosissime
(was subservient)
inost-villanously

amori
to the love

aliorum
of others
:

pollicebatur
he did promise
aliis

aliis
to others (to

fructum
some)
the fruit (enjoyment)

libidinum,
of desires,

mortem parentum, non modo impellendo, verum

death
o*

to others the

parents,

not

only

by impelling,

but

etiam adjuvando.
even

Vero nunc quam

But

subito

collegerat

by

assisting.

now

bow-suddenly he had-collected

ingentem numerum perditorum

4 large

hominum, non
men,
not

number

of lost (abandoned)

MARCI TULLII CICERONIS.

solum
only

47
?

ex

urbe,

verum etiam
but

ex

agris

Nemo,
No-one,

out- of the city,

even

out of the fields?

non modo Romse,

not
only
of

sed
(at

nee
neither

in ullo angulo
in

Rome

Rome),

but

any

corner

totius
of the whole

Italiag,
Italy,

fuit was

oppressus
oppressed

alieno sere,
with-debt,

quem
whom
foedus
30venant

adsciverit
he may-have-attached

non
not

ad
to

hoe
this

incredibile
incredible

sceleris.
of crime.

5.

Atque ut
And

possitis

perspicere

diversa

studia in
in

that you-may-be-able to see-plainly the different studies

ejus in of him in

dissimili
a dissimilar

ratione,
reason

est
(manner),
there-is

nemo
no-one

gladiatorio ludo
the gladiatory

paullo audacior ad
little

facinus,
daring-deed,

play (school) a

more-bold

to

qui who

fateatur
may-confess

non
not

se
himself

esse
to

intimum
the intimate (friend)

Catilinse
of Catiline*

be

nemo
no-one

levior
lighter

(more unsteady)

et and

nequior
more
profligate

in
in (on)

scen&,
the stage,

qui who

commemoret non
may-mention
not

se

fuisse

prope
nearly

himself to have-been

sodalem
assuefactu3
accustomed

ejusdem.

Atque
And

tamen
yet

idem,
the same (Catiline),

the companion of the same.

exercitatione
by the exercise

stuprorum
of debaucheries

et and

scelerum,
of crimes,

frigore, et and in cold,

fame,
in

et hunger, and
fortis
brave

siti,
in thirst,

ac

vigiliis and in watchings

perferendis,
to be-borne,

praedicabatur
was-declared

ab
by

istis those (persons)

cum
,

subsidia
the aids

when

industrise atque and of industry

in
in

instrumenta virtutis
the instruments
of virtue

consumerentur
might-be-consumed

libidine
desire

que
and

audacia.
audacity.

Vero
But
si
;

si
if

sui
his

comites
companions

secuti fuerint
may-have-followed

hunc
this (Catiline)

flagitiosi
the villanous

greges
flocks

if

desperatorum hominum
f hopeless

exierint

ex

urbe

men

may-bave-gone-out out-of the city;

48
beatos nos,
happy
us,

SECUNDA ORATIO
fortunatam rempublicam,
fortunate
republic,
!

praeclaram
famous

laudem mei
praise of

consulatiis
consulship!

Enim jam
For

libidines liominuin
the desires
of the

my

now

met
and
nisi

sunt
are

non mediocres,
not
:
:

audacise
(their)

non humanse ac
not

moderate,

audacities

human
csedes,

tolerandse
to

cogitant
they devise

nihil,
nothing,
;

nisi
unless

be-supported

slaughters,

unless

incendia,

nisi

rapinas
rapines;
;

profuderunt
they have-poured-forth (squandered)

conflagrations, unless

sua
their-own

patrimonia
patrimonies;

abligurierunt
eos

suas fortunas
fortunes
$

they have-spent-in-feasting their

res
deficere
to fail

jampridem
long-since;

fides
faith (credit)

nuper
lately

thing (property has failed) them

coepit
has-begun

tamen
(them);
yet

ilia
that

eadem
same

libido,
desire,

quae
which

erat in
was
in (their)

abundantia, permanet.
abundance,
remains.

Quod

si

in vino
in

But-if

wine

et alea quaererent and dice they-might-seek

illi

solum comissationes
only
revellings

et and

scorta,
prostitutes,

essent
would-be

desperandi
to be-despaired-of

quidem
indeed:

sed
but

tamen
yet

they

essent
inertes
inactive

ferendi.

Vero quis
But
insidiari

they would-be to be-borne.

possit ferre^ hoc, who may-be- able to bear this,

fortissimis
for the bravest

(for)

homines
men

viris,

to lie-in-wait

men,
sobriis,

stultissimos
the most-foolish

prudentissimis,
for the most-prudent,

ebriosos
the drunken

for the sobei;

dormientes
vhe sleeping

vigilantibus
for the

Qui mihi,
"Who (forme),

accubantes
reclining

watching?

in conviviis,
in

complexi
having-embraced

impudicas mulieres, languidi

unchaste

banquets,

women,
sertis,

languid

vino,
with wine,

conferti
filled

cibo,
with food,

redimiti
crowned

obliti

with garlands, besmeared

unguentis,
with perfumes,

stupris, debilitati weakened with debaucheries,

eructant
belch-out

suis
in thei

sermonibus
discourses

csedem
the slaughter

bonoruxn,
of the good,

atque
and

incendia
the conflagrations

: ; ; ; :

MARCI TULLII CICERONIS.

urbia.
of
the, city.

49

Quibus, ego confido, aliquod fatum impendere:

To whom,
I
trust,

some

fate

to

impend

poenas et and the penalties

nequitise,
to licentiousness,

jam
already

diu
a long-time

debitas
due

improbitati,
to dishonesty,

sceleri,
to crime,

libidini,
to desire,

aut
either

jam
already

plane
plainly
si
if

instare,
to be-at

aut

certe
certainly

jam
already

appropinquare.
to approach.

hand, or

Quos Whom

meus my

consulatus,
consulship,

quoniam
since

potest
it

non
not

sanare,
to cure,

is-able

sustulerit

propagarit
;

may have-removed

it

will

have propagated

(it

will

have added a duration)

non
not

nescio
I know-not

quod breve tempus, sed multa saeeula

what
short
time,

but

many
natio
nation

ages

reipublicae,
to the republic.

Enim
For
;

est
there-is

nulla
no

quam
which

pertimescamus
we may-fear;

nullus rex qui possit facere bellum war king who may be-able to make no

Romano
to the

populo.
people.

Omnia
All

externa,
external (things),

terra que
by land

Roman

and

mari
by sea

pacata sunt
have-been-appeased

virtute
by the valour

unius
of one

(Pompey

alone)

domesticum
a domestic

bellum
war
est
is

manet
remains

;
;

insidiae
the snares
;
;

sunt
are

intus
within

periculum
the danger

inclusum
inclosed

intus
within

hostis the enemy

est
is

intus
within

est
it-is

certandum
to

nobis
to (by) us

cum
with

luxurifi,
luxury,

cum amentia,
with

be-contended

madness,

cum
with

scelere.
crime.

Quirites, ego profiteor me ducem Romans, profess (declare) myself the leader I

huic
Jo this

bello;
war;

suscipio
I take-up
(I take

inimicitias
upon myself)
the enmities

perditorum
of tho lost

hominum.
men.

Quae
What
(things)

poterunt
shall-be-able

(abandoned)

sanari,
to be-cured,

sanabo
I will-cure

quacunque
by whatsoever

ratione
reason (means)
;

quae
what

erunt
{things) skall-be

resecanda,
to be- cut-off,

patiar
I will-suffer

non
not

manere
to

ad
to

remain

SBCCJYDA CATIO
cmtatfe.
eftfeeauoe.

Freinde, ant
Tfeezefiwe,

M
le*~Ifeea-gi aal,

eUfcer

aot, si
e*>
atf

el

permanent in nrbe,
ffeeyrta*
aa
tfee

et

WL

kj, a*4

Qmrites,
Sot
ere
tfeerf

qui

aw

>rw^
a

IT

nana*,

vW

diemt
acaj~*a/

Ca i ilhtain
ri
if

ejeetvm eaae
to tare femi tat *a*

me

in exsifinm.
criUu

Qnod
RTfeidi

ty it* art*

ego
I

pofaem m^l nwii*

\\&&qjsd wfee

asaeqtri
i attaaa

n;'".
*y

ejieerem
I

istoa
art

vm^
hsee,

wM~iMt

Oeae

loqmmtar
tfeak

(fcm 6*w*ir,
timkhts,

et

permodeatas
:

homo

potirit

nan
ir*

ferre

rocem
exsttmni,

eonaatia

simul atqae
a* aa aa ag
i

juasas eat
die,

to ktjr tike

rv/* *f

tfce r raaal ;

in

p&rmt
Le *6*r%

ri t .
weal

Hesterno
domi,

etim
v
.

fee

mterteetm eaaem
ri leafle*

paeae
in
Sat*

mea*

aenatnm
eu* ******

tfeeteatfle

*f J*j*tor

ftators

detnfi
Qn/>,

curoem

rem
reniaaet,

ad ecmaeripfos

patrea

cnmCatilina

quia senator app^llarit

earn? <px salntarit?

fete?
rjfee

deniqne, quia
aatttff,

iU
*

aspexit
l*#*e4~a (Urn)

faJale(fefc)?

wfee

nx
a*

perdition
*
Jeet (

a^4eae

cirem,
> estfecea,

ae
aaa

non
aet

potior
raifeer

ut

imp^jritmiminmm fostem ?
a
M***-t*yaft*f#**

Qttm
Bas

etfeur.

ea
tfeeefeiefr

*yns
#f
tfca*

ere

iqnerttnt illam
(lfe<

partem sabselliorom

f caafeiiafX.

-*

MARCI TULLII CICER0XI3.

ad quam
to

51

ille

accesserat
had approached

nudam atque inanem.

naked
and
ejicio
cast-out

Hie
Here

which
ille
that

he

empty.

ego,
I.

yeheinens
violent

consul,
consul,

qui who

cives
citizens

in
into

fuisset exsiliuin verbo, qin~esivi a Carilina, an by a word, asked from Catiline, whether he might-have-been exile

nocturno
in the nocturnal

conventu apud
assembly
with
[at the

M. Leccam, necne.
house of) M. Lecca,
or-not.

Cum
"When

ille
that

audacissmius homo, convictus

most-audacious

conscientia,
by consciousness,

man,

convicted

primo
at-first

reticuisset
might-have-kept-silent:

patefeci
I exposed

cetera.
the other
(things).

Edocui
I informed

quid
what

egisset
he might-have-acted

ea
on that

nocte
night

[ubi
[where

quid constituisset in fuisset], he might-have-been], what he might-have-appointed upon

proximam.
the next

quernadmoduin
(night),
in

ratio

toting

belli

what-manner

the reason (plan) of the whole

ei.
to (by) him.

war

descripta esset
might-have-been-described

Cum
"When

hresitaret,
he might-hesitate,

cum

teneretur

quresivi,
convicted)
;

quid
what (why)

when he might-be-held (when he was

I asked,

dubitaret
he might-doubt (hesitate)

proficisci
to

eo,
thither,

quo

pararat

depart

whither he had-prepared

jampridem
(to go)

cum
when
I

scirem
might-know

arma, cum secures,

arms,

long-since:

when

axes,

cum
when

fasces,
fasces,

cum

tubas,

cum

militaria signa,
military
signs
(ensigns')

when trumpets, when

cum
when

illam
that

argenteam
silver

aquilam,
eagle,

cui ille to which he

etiam
even

domi, # fecerat sacrarium scelerum suae of crimes of his-own house (at his own a shrine Dad-made

house),

praemissam
to

esse.

Ejiciebam
Did-I-oast-out

in
into

exsilium,
exile

havi-been-sent-before.

(him), ?

quern whom
For,

videbam
I did-see

jam
already

ingressum esse
to

in
into

bellum

have-entered

war?

Etenim,

credo
I believe (fcrsooth)

iste
:hat

Manlius
Manlius

centurio,
the centurion,

qui who

52
posuit

SECUNDA ORATIO
castra in
in

Fesulano
the Fesulanian

agro,
field (territory),

indixit
has-deelaredl
:

has-placed camps

bellum
war

Romano
to (on) the

populo
people
in

suo
his-own

nomine
name
:

Roman
await

et ilia and those

:

castra
camps
ille,
he,

nunc exspectant non Catilinam

now
ejectus
not
Catiline (as)

ducem
leader:

et and

in
into

exsilium,
exile,

conferet
will-betake

se
himself
(to)

being-cast-out

Massiliam, ut
Marseilles,

aiunt,
they say,

non in haec
not
into

castra,
camps.

as

these

7.

miseram conditionem, non modo

O
wretched
condition,

reipublicse
of the republio si
if

not

only

administrandse,
to

verum etiam conservandae ? Nunc,

but

be-managed,

even

to be-preserved ?

Now,

L. Catilina, circumclusus ac debilitatus meis

L. Catiline,

consiliis,
counsels,

closed-around

and

weakened

by

my

laboribus,
labours,

periculis,
(and)
dangers,

pertimuerit may have-feared

subito,
suddenly,

mutaverit
may have-changed
(associates),
(his)

sententiam,
opinion,

deseruerit
have-deserted

suos,
his-own

may

abjecerit

consilium
the counsel

belli
of

faciundi,
to

may

have-cast-off

war
iter

be-made

converterit
(the design of

ex

hoc
this

making war), may have-turned

(his)

journey out-of

cursu sceleris et belli

course
ille
of crime

ad fugam atque
tc flight

in
into

exsilium;
exile;

and of war

and

dicetur
will-be-said

non
not

spoliatus esse
to have-been-despoiled

a
by

me
me from
frightened

armis
the arms

he

audacise,
of audacity,

non
not

obstupefactus
astonished

ac
and

perterritus

mea
by

my
but

diligentia,
diligence,
i

aon
r not

depulsus
driven-off

de
from
(his)

spe que conatu, sed

hope

and

attempt,

indemnatus, innocens
oncondemned,
innocent
(to

ejectus
have been) cast-out

in
into

exsilium a
exile

by

consule
the consul

minis : et by force and by threats

vi

qui erunt et and there-will-be (persons) who

hoc, fecerit velint ilium, si may-wish him, if he shall-have-done this,

existimari
to

non
not

be-thought

MARCI TULLII CICEROXIS.

tmprobum,
iishonest,

53

sed
but

miserum
wretched
:

me non
me
not

diligentissimum
a most-diligent

consulem, sed crudelissimum tyrannum.

sonsul,

Est
It-is of

but

a most-cruel

tyrant.

tanti so-much

mihi,
to

Quirites,
(I think
it

subire tempestatem
to

me

worth the while), Romans,

undergo

the tempest

hujus falsse atque iniquse invidiae,

of this
false

dummodo
provided-that

and

unjust

envy (unpopularity),

periculum
the danger

hujus
of this

horribilis
horrible

ac
and

nefarii
nefarious

belli war

depellatur
may-be-driven-off

a
from

vobis.
you.

Sane
Truly

dicatur
he may-be-said

ejectus esse
to

a me,
est

dummodo
provided-that

eat

in exsilium.
exile.

have-been-cast-out by me,

he may-go into

Sed credite mihi,

But
believe
to

non
not

iturus.
about-to-go.

Ego numquam
I

me,

he-is

never

optabo
shall-wish
:

a
from

immortalibus
the immortal

diis, Quirites,
gods,

causa
for-the-sake

Romans,

mess of my

nvidiae

levandse,

ut
that

audiatis
you may-hear

L. Catilinam
L. Catiline

unpopularity to be-relieved,

ducere
to

exercitum
an army

h ostium,
of the enemies,

atque
and

volitare
to flutter-about

in
in

lead
:

srmis
arms
:

sed tamen audietis

but
yet

triduo
(it)

que
:

you will-hear

in the-space-of-three-days

and

timeo illud multo magis, ne aliquando

I fear
this

sit

inyidiosum
envious

by much more,

lest

at-length

it

may-be

mihi,
(producing unpopularity) to me,

quod
that

emiserim
I may-have-sent-out

potius
rather

quam
than

quod
that
I

ilium. ejecerim may have-cast-out him.

Sed
But

cum
when(sinc^)

sint
there-may-be

homines, qui dicant ilium

men,
sit,

ejectum esse
to

who may-say

him

have-been-cast-out

cum
si
if

profectus

iidem
the
?
?

quid
isti,
those,

dicerent,
say,

when he may-have-departed,

same (persons) what would (they)

interfectus esset
ire
to

Quamquam
Although

he might-have-been-slain

qui dictitant who say- often

Catilinam
flatiline

Massiliam,
(is

queruntur
complain-of

non
pot

go

going

toj

Marseilles,

5*

64
tarn,
bo (so

SECUNDA OKATIO

quam verentur
much),
as

hoc.
this.

Est
There-is

nemo istorum
no-one
of those

they fear

tam
so

misericors, qui malit non merciful, who may wish-rather not (who would not
ire
to

prefer)

ilium
him

ad
to

Manlium quam ad
Manlius
si ille
if

Massilienses.
the people-of-Marseilles.

go

than

to

Autem Mehercule,
But
by-Hercules,

numquam
never

ante
mallet

cogitasset
se

he

before might-have-devised

hoc,
this,

quod

agit, which he acts (he

tamen
is

doing),

yet

he would-wish-rather himself

interfici
to be-slain

latrocinantem
robbing (warring against his country)

quam
than

vivere
to live

exsulem.
an
ei
to
exile.

Vero nunc, cum

But
now,

nihil

adhuc
que
and

acciderit

when nothing
the wish

as-yet may-have-happened

prseter
him
beside

voluntatem
(contrary to)

cogitationem
the thought

ipsius,
of himself,

nisi
unless

quod profectus
that

est

Roma
from

nobis
us
(being)

he has-departed

Rome

vivis,
alive,

optemus
we may-wish
(let

potius
us wish)
rather

ut
that

eat
he may-go

in
intc

exsilium
exile

quam
than (that)

queramur.
we may-complain
(of
it).

8.

Sed cur
But

loquimur
do we-speak

tam
so

diu
long-time

de
concerning

why

unc* one

hoste,
enemy,

et and

de
concerning

eo
that

hoste
enemy

qui who
I fear

jam
already

fatetur
confesses

se

esse

hostem,
an enemy,

himself to be

et quern and whom

timeo non, quia murua

not,

because the wall

interest,
(of the city)

quod
qui who

volui

semper?
qui who

dicimus
do we-say

is-between,

which I have-wished always?

nihil

de

his

dissimulant,
dissemble,

remanent
remain

nothing concerning those

Romse,
of

qui sunt Borne (at Rome), who are

(greatly desire)

cum
with

nobis
us
?

Quos ego quidem Whom I indeed

ulcisci,

Btudeo
Btudy

non tam
not
so (so

quam
as
si
if

much)

to take-revenge-on,

sanare,
io eure,

et
to

placare
to

eos
them

reipublicse,
to the republic,

appease (to reconcile)

MARCI TULLII CICEKONIS.

possit
fieri

55
intelligo
do I understand
si
if

it-may-le-able to be-done

in

ullo any

modo
non
not

neque
nor

manner;

quare
wherefore

id
that

possit

fieri,
to be-done,

volent
they shall-wish

may
For

be-able

audire
to

me.
me.

Enim

exponam
I will explain

vobis,
to you,

hear

Quirites, ex Romans, out-of

quibus generibus
what
kinds

hominum
of

men

istse those

copise
forces

comparentur
may
be- prepared

deinde
(raised)
:

afferam
I will-bring

singulis (plur.)
to

medicinam
the medicine

afterwards

each
si
if

consilii of (my) counsel

atque mese orationis,

and
of

potero
I shall-be-able (to offer)

my
kind

speech,

quam.
any.

Est
There-is

unum genus eorum,

one
of those,

qui who

in
(being) in

magno
great

sere alieno,
debt,

etiam
also

nabent
have

majores
greater

possessiones
possessions:

adducti
led

amore
by the love

quarum,
of which,

possunt
they are-able

dissolvi
to be-dissolved

nullo
(to

modo.
manner.

Species
The appearance

horum
of these

be detached from them) in no

hominum
men

est
is

honestissima
the most-honourable

(enim
(for

sunt
they-are

locupletes)
wealthy);

vero
but
sis
(their)

voluntas
wish

et and

causa
cause
(is)

impudentissima.
most-shameless.

Tu
Thou

ornatus

mayest-be adorned (furnished) and

et copiosus abundant

agris,
in fields,

tu
thou (inayest

sedificiis, tu argento, be well furnished) with edifices, thou with silver,

tu
thou

famiM,
with household,

tu
thou

omnibus rebus
with
all

things;

dubites et and mayest-thou-doubt (dost thou

possessione,
thy possession,

hesitate)

detrahere
to

de
from
(to

acquirere
to acquire

ad
to

withdraw
?

diminish)

fidem
faith

Enim
For

quid

exspectas

bellum

(to gain in credit) ?

!

what dost-thou-expect

war?

quid
what;

ergo
therefore

in
in

vastatione
the laying-waste

omnium

putas
sacrosanctas
sacrod
(i*.vi

of all (things) dost-thou-think

tuas
thy

possessiones
possessions

futuras
about-to-be

?
1

liable J

; :

66
an
whether (Lost

SECUNDA OEATIO
novas tabulas
t'nou expect)

?
?

errant,
they
err,

new

tablets (an abolition of debts)

qui
ffho

exspectant
expect

istas
those

a
from

Catilina;.
Catiline.

[Novae]
[New]

tabulae
tablets

proferentur
shall be-brought-forward

meo
by

beneficio,
kindness,

verum
but
isti
those

auctionariae.
auctionary

my

/tablets

catalogues

Enim neque
of sale).

For

neither

qui habent have who

ratione.
manner.

possessiones
possessions

possunt
are-able

esse
to be

salvi
safe

ull& in any

aM
other

Quod
But-if

si

voluissent
they might-have-wished

facere
to do (it)

matunus,
earlier,

neque
noi

(id
(that

quod
which

est
is

stultissimum)
most-foolish)
;

certare
to

cum
with

usuris
usuries

contend

fructibus
with the fruits

praediorum

uteremur
we should-use
and

his
(experience) with these

of (their) farms;

locupletioribus et melioribus civibus.

(would have them)
wealthier
better
citizens.

Sed
But

puto
I think

hosce
these

homines
possunt
they are-able

minime
least (very little)

pertimescendos,
to be-feared,

quod
because

aut
either

deduci
to

de
from

sentential,
(their) opinion
j

be-led-away

aut,
or,

si
if

permanebunt,
they shall-remain,

videntur
they seem

mihi
to

magis
more (rather)

me

facturi
about- to-make

vota

contra

rempublicam
the republic

quam
than

vows (wishes) against

laturi
about-to-bear

arma.
arms.

9.

Est
There-is

alterum
another

genus eorum,
kind
of those,

qui quamquaira who although

premuntur
they are-pressed

aere alieno,
with debt,

tamen
yet

exspectant
expect

dominiationem
dominion
(authority)
:

volunt
they wish

potiri
to possess

rerum
of things (power)

arbitrantur
'.hey

se

posse consequi honores, republica

honours,
the republic

think

themselves to be-able to attain

perturbata,
being-disturbed,

quos
which

desperant
they despair (the republic being)

quietft.
quiet.

MARCI TULLII CICERONIS.

Quibus hoc videtur
To whom
this

57
scilicet

prsecipienduui,
to be-advised,

unum
one

seems

(fit)

that-is-to-say

idem quod et and the same (thing) which

se

omnibus
to all

ceteris,
the rest,

ut

desperent

that they iuay-despaii

:

posse consequi

id,
that,

quod conantur
which

primum
first

themselves to be-able to attain

they attempt

omnium me ipsum
of all

vigilare,
to watch,

adesse,
to be-present,

providere
to foresee (provide)

myself
:

reipublicse

deinde
:

magnos animus
great
minor*
(spirit)

for the republic

afterwards (secondly)

esse
to

in
in

bonis
good

viris,

magnam
great

concordiam,
agreement
(uv^nimity),

be

men,

maximam
a very-great

multitudinem,
multitude (of them),

praeterea
besides

magnas copias
great
forces

militum
of soldiers

denique, immortales deos prsesentes,

finally,

the immortal

gods

being-present (pi pitious),

esse
to-be

laturos
about-to-bear

auxilium
aid

huic
to this

invicto
unconquered

opulo,
people,

clarissimo
(to this)

imperio,
empire,
(to this)

pulcherrimse
most-beautiful

urbi,
city,

most-famous

contra
against

tan tarn
so-great

vim
violence

sceleris.
of crime.

Quod
But-if

si

jam
Already

they

adepti sint may have-obtained

:

id,
that,

quod
which
illi

cupiunt
they desire

cum
with

srmmo
the Hghest

furore
fury

num
whether

sperant
hope

se

futuros conniles,
consuls,

they themselves about-to-be

ac dictatores, aut etiam reges in cinere {sing.)

and
dictators,

i^bis,
of the city,

or

even

kings

in

the ashes

et and

sanguine
in the blood

civium,
of the citizens,

quae
which (things)

concupie^int
they have-coveted
?

conscelerata
with criminal

ac
and

nefaria
nefarious

mente
mind?

Vident
Do
id,
that,

ron
not
si
if

they see

Be
themselves

cupere
to desire (that

quod
which

they desire)

adepti fuerint,
they shall-have-obtained,

sit

necesse
necessary
to

concedi
be-conceded

alic~ii
to

may-be
?

soma

fugitivo
fugitive

aut
or

gladiatori
gladiator?

Tertium genus
The
third

est
is

ja~*
alreatfA

kind

68
affectum
affected

SECUNDA ORATIO
setate, by age
:

sed
(is

tamen
yet

robustunj
robust

old)

but

exercitati )ne by exercise

cui
to

ex

quo

genere
kind

est
is

Manlius
Manlius

ipse,
himself,

out-of which

Catilina
Catiline

nunc succedit.
now
succeeds.

Hi
These

whom

sunt homines are men

Fesulis,
at Fesulae,

ex
out-of

lis

those colonies

coloniis quas Sulla which Sulla

constituit
established

universas
the whole

quas
which

ego
I

sentio
perceive

esse
to
:

optimorum
of the best

civium,
citizens,

be

et and

fortissimorum
of the bravest

virorum
men
se

sed
but

tamen
yet

hi
these

sunt
are

coloni,
colonists,

qui jactarunt who have-boasted

in
in (their)

sumtuosius

que
and

insolentius
too-insolently

themselves too-expensively

insperatis
unhoped-for

que repentinis pecuniis.

and
sudden
monies.

Dum

hi

While these

sedificant,
build

tamquam
as-if

beati:
happy (wealthy)
:

dum
while

delectantur
they are-delighted

prsediis,
with (their) farms,

lecticis, with couches,

magnis
with great

familiis,
households,

apparatis
with prepared (magnificent)

conviviis,
banquets,

inciderunt
they have-fallen-in

in
into

tantum
so-great

ses

alienum,
debt,

ut
that
iis
to

si
if

velint
they may-wish

esse
to-be

salvi,
safe,

Sulla
Sulla

sit

excitandus
to be-roused

ab
raised

may
:

them (Sulla must be

by them) from

inferis

the shades-below

qui etiam impulerunt nonullos agrestes, have-impelled some rustics, who also
.

tenues
Blender
(poor)

atque egentes homines, in illam eandem

and
needy
men,
into

that

spem
hope

veterum
of old

rapinarum.
rapines.

Utrosque
Both

quos whom

ego,
I,

Quirites, Romans,

pono
place

in
in

eodem
the same

genere
kind
:

praedatorum
of plunderers

que
and

direptorum.
of pillagers.

Sed moneo
But

eos hoc
et and

desinant
let

furere,
to rage,

I advise them

this:

them-cease

ac
bftd

cogitare
to devise

proscriptiones
proscriptions

dictaturas.
dictatorships.

Enim
For

MAKCI TULLTI
tantus
so-great

CTCEROITCS.

IB
is

dolor illorum temporiim est

grief

must

civitati,
to the state,

of those

times

is

branded

nt
hat

jam non modo homines, sed ne quidem pecudes

now
not
only

men,

but

not-even

cattle

videantur mihi esse may-sepm to me to be

10.
et and

passurae
about-to-suffer

ista.
those (things).

Quartum
The fourth
:

genus est sane variurn,

kind
is

truly

various,

et and

mistum,
mixed,

turbulentum
turbulent

qui who

jampridem premuntur
long-since

are-pressed

(with debt)

qui who
old

nunquam
never

emergent
will

emerge (therefrom)

qui who

vacillant
totter

in
in

vetere

aere alieno,
debt,

partim inertia,
partly

partim
partly

negotio
by business

by

sloth,

gerendo
to be-carried-on

male,
badly (by conducting their business badly),
;

partim
partly

etiam
also

sumtibus

by expenses;

qui who

defatigati
being-harassed

vadimoniis,
by recognisances,

judiciis, by judgments,

proscriptionibus
by proscriptions
(sequestrations)

bonorum,
of goods,

permulti dicuntur conferre

very-many
are-said
to

se

et
both

ex
out-of

urbe
the city

betake themselves
ilia
those

et and

ex
out-of

agris
the fields

in
into

castra.
camps.

Ego
I

arbitror
think

hosce
these
(latter)

esse
to be

non
not

tarn
so (so

acres
much)
active

milites
soldiers

quam
as

lentos infitiatores.
slow
cheats.

Primum
First
;

qui homines which men

si
if

possunt
they are-able

non
not

stare,
to stand,

corruant

sed
but

ita,
so,

ut
that

non
not

modo
onlj

let-them-fall;

civitas,
the state,

sed ne quidem
but
not-even

proximi
the nearest

vicini

sentiant.

neighbours may-perceive.
si
if

Nam
For

intelligo
I understand

non
not

illud,
this,

quamobrem,
wherefore,

possunt
they are-abla

non
not

vivere
to live

honeste,
honourably,

velint
they may-wish

perire
to perish

turpiter;
basely;

aut
or

cur why

arbitrentur
they may-think

se
themselves

perituros
about-to perish

minore
with **e

;:

00
dolore
pain

SECUNDA OKATIO

cum
with

multis many

quam
than

si
if

pereant

soli.

Quintum
The
fifth

they may-perish alone.

genus est parricidarum, sicariorum, denique, omnium

genus
is

of parricides,

of assassins,

finally,

of

all

facinorosorum,
the villanous,

quos whom

ego
I

revoco
call-back

non
not

a
from

CatilimL
Catiline.

Nam
For

neque
neither

possunt
in latrocinio,
in

divelli

ab

eo;

are-they-able to-be-torn-away from him;

et and

sane
truly

pereant
let-them-perish

quoniam
since

sunt
they-are

ita multi
so

robbery (war),

many
But

ut
that

career
the prison

possit
may-be-abie

non capere
not
to take (to hold)

eos.
them.

Autem

postremum genus non solum numero, verum etiam

the last

kind

not

only

in
:
:

number,

but

also

genere
in

ipso
itself

atque
and

vita
in
life

est
is

quod
which

est
is

proprium
proper

kind

(this)

Catilinae,
to Catiline (peculiarly his

de
own), from

deleGtu
the choice

ejus,
of him,

immo

vero

yea-even

de
from

complexu
the embrace

ac
and

sinu
bosom

ejus
of
(his

bosom

friends)

quos whom
aut
tunicis

videtis
you
see

pexo
with combed
(curled)

capillo,
hair,

nitidos,

neat (elegant), either

imberbes,
beardless,

aut
or

barbatos
bearded

bene
well (exquisitely)
;

with tunics

municatis
having-sleeves

et and
:
:

talaribus
reaching-to-the-ancles
;

amictos
clothed

velis, with veils,

non
not

togis

omnis
all

industria
the industry

vitse
of the
life

quorum
of

with togas

whom
in

et and

labor
labour

vigilandi
of watching

expromitur
is-brought-out
(exhibited)

in

coenis
suppers

antelucanis.
before-day-break.

Omnes
All

aleatores,
gamesters,

omnes
all

adulteri,
adulterers,

omnes
aU

impuri que impudici

impure

versantur
are-engaged
(associate)

in

his

and
:

unchaste (persons)

in these

gregibus
flocks

hi
these

tarn lepidi
so

ac delicati pueri didicerunt

and
delicate

pretty

boys

have-learnt

non
not

solum
only

amare
to love,

et and

amari,
to be loved,

neque
nor

cantare
to sing

et
and

MARCI TULLII CICEBONIS.

saltare,
to

61
et and

sed
but
:

etiam
also

vibrare
to

sicas,
poniards,

spargere
to scatter

dance,

brandish

venena
poisons
:

qui who

nisi
unless

exeunt,
they go-out,

nisi
unless

pereunt,
they-perish,

etiamsi
even-if

Catilina
Catiline

perierit,

scitote

hoc futurum
this about-to-be (that this will be)

may have-perished, know-ye

seminary (nursery)

Catilinarium seminarium
a Catilinarian

in republica.
in

Verumtamen
Nevertheless

the republic.

quid
sunt
are-they

isti

miseri
wretched (persons)

volunt
wish

sibi?
for themselves
?

Num
Whether

what (do) those

ducturi
about-to-lead

suas
their
?

mulierculas
little-women
(their

cum
women)
with

se

in

castra

Autem quemadmodum
But

poterunt
?

themselves into the camps?

how

will they-be-able

oarere
to

illis,

praesertim
especially

jam
now

his
in these

noctibus
nights (of
illi

be-without them,

November)?

Autem
But

quo
by-what

pacto
agreement
illas those
(in

perferent
?
?

what manner)

will-they-bear

Apenninum,
the Apennine,

atque
and

pruinas prumas
frosts

ac
and

nives
snows

Nisi
Unless

putant
they think

se
themseivef

toleraturos
f-hnut-to- support

hiemem
winter

facilius
more-easily

i.dcirco,

quod

didicerunt
y ^y-have-learnt

saltare
to

nudi
naked

in
in

jn-this-account, because

dance

jonvivns.
banquets.

11.
Catilina
Oatiline

bellv.ir.

magnopere
greatly

pertimescendum,
to be-feared,

cum
when

war
sit

habiturus

hanc prsetoriam cohortem

this

may-be about-to-have

praetorian

cohort

scortorum.
'body guard) of debauchees.

Instruite nunc, Quirites, vestra

Array
now,

Romans,

your

prsesidia,
guards,

que
and

vestros
your

exercitus
armies
:
:

contra
against

has
these

tarn
so

prseclaras
famous

copias
forces

Catilinse
of Catiline

et and

primum
first

opponite
oppose

vestros consules que imperatores ycur commanders consuls and

illi

confecto
exhausted

to that

et and

62
saucio wounded

SECUNDA 0RATI0
gladiatori:
gladiator:

deinde
afterwards

educite
lead-out

florem
the flower

ac
and

robur
strength

totius
of the whole

Italic
of Italy

contra
against

illam
that

ejectam
out-east

ac
and

debilitatani
debilitated

manum

naufragorum.
(of ruined

Verc
men).

baud (band) of shipwrecked

But

jam
now

urbes
the cities

coloniarum
of (your) colonies

ac
and

municipiornm
of (your) municipal-towns

respondebunt
will-answer
(will

oppose)

silvestribus to the woody

tumuli3
(rustic)

hillocks

Catilinge.
of Catiline.

Xeque vero debeo

Nor
truly

conferre
to

cast-eras
other

ought-I

compare (your)

copias, vestra ornamenta, prsesidia,

forces,

cum
with

inopia atque
the need

your
illius
of that

equipments,

guards,

and

egestate
want

latronis.
robber.

Sed
But

si,
if,

omnibus
all

his
these

rebus
things

omissis,
being-omitted,

quibus
in

nos
we

suppeditamur,
are-supplied,

ille

eget,
is

which

he

without,

senatu,
a senate,

Roinanis Roman

equitibus,
knights,

populo,
a people,

urbe,
the city,

serario,
a treasury,

vectigalibus,
revenues,

cuncta
the whole
:

Italia,
Italy,

omnibus
all

provinciis,
the provinces,

exteris nationibus
foreign

si,
if,

his rebus
these

omissis,

velimus
we may-wish

nations

things being-omitted,

contendere
to

causas
compare)
the causes

ipsas,
themselves,

quae confligunt
which
conflict

contend

(to

inter
between

se, themselves,

possumus
we
are-able
illi

intelligere
to

ex
out-of

eo
that

understand

ipso
(thing) itself

quam
how

valde

jaceant.
may-lie
(are fallen).

Enim
For
illinc thence (on the
illinc thence

very-much they

ex
out-of

hac parte
this

pudor pugnat,
lights,
;

part (on this side) modesty

petulantia
other side) insolence;
;

hinc hen^

pudicitia,
(on this side)
chastity,
;

stuprum
adultery;

hinc
hence

fides,
faith,

illinc thence

fraudatio
cheating;

hinc
hence

pietas,
piery,
;

illinc thence

scelus
crime;

hinc
hence

constantia,
constancy,

illinc thence

furor

hinc
hence

madness;

MARCI TULLII CICER0XI3.

nonestas,
aonesty,

63

illinc

turpitudo
mess;

hinc
hru:e

continentia,
continence,

Mine
thenee

'libido;

denique,
illy,

cequiras.
.

temperantia,
temperance,

fortitude,
fortitude,

ity,

prudentia. omnes virtutes certant

prudence.

cum
with

iniquitate,
iniquity,

cum

ad

v:r:ues

contend

luxuria,
luxury.

cum
with

ignavia,
idleness,

cum
with

fcemeritate,
rashness,

cum omnibus
with
all

vitiis

postremo,
lastly,

copiae
forces (supplies]

cum
with

egestate,
want,

bona
good

ratio
reason

cum
with
;

perdita.
lost (reason),

sana
a healthy [sound]

mens
mind

cum
with

amentia
ness;

denique. bona spes confligit

finally,

cum desperatione
vrich

good

hope

conflicts

omnium rerum.
of
all

In certamine ac prselie hujusmodi,

In

things.

a contest

and

battle

sort,

nonne,
whether-or-not,

etiamsi
sn-if

stadia
the desires
(support)

hominum
of

men

deficiant,
may-1

immortales
vitia
vices
to

dii
gods

ipsi
idrirsr.Tes

cogent
will force

tot so-many

et

tanta
so-great
?

superari
be-overeome

ab
by

his
these

prseclarissimis
most-famous

and

virtutibus
yirtn
:-

12.

Cum
sc

sint ita. Quirites, vos defendite quae which (things) may-be thus, Romans, do you-defend

vestra tecta
your
roofs

quemadmodum jam
as

antea
before

custodiis
with guards

que
and

already

vigiliis watches

consultum
:

est
(it

ac
has been cared for)

it

has-been-consulted

and

provisum mini.
died
to be

at
(by me), that

esset
there-should-be

satis enough

prassidii
of

gm

urbi
alio any

sine
lout

vestro motu,
your

ac
coloni
colonists

sine

motion (without disturbing you), and without

tumultu.
tumult

Omnes
Aii

vestri
your

que municipes
and
municipal

'kizens^

certiores facti a me de being-made more-certain (being informed) by me concerning

64

SECUNDA ORATIO
facile
easily

hac nocturnS, excursione Catiline, defendent

this

nocturnal

excursion

of Catiline,

will defend

suas urbes que

their
cities

fines

gladiatores,
the gladiators,

quam
which

ille

and

territories:

he (Catiline)

putavit
thought

fore

maximam
a very-great

to be-about-to-be

et and

certissimam
a very-certain

manum
hand (band)

sibi,
to himself,

quamquam
although

sunt
they-are

meliore
with better

aninio mind

quam
than

pars
a part

patriciorum,
of the patricians,

tamen
yet

continebuntur
shall-be-retained

nostra potestate.
(held in check)

by our

power.

Q. Metellus, quern ego, whom I, Q. Metellus,

in
into

prospiciens
foreseeing

hoc,
this,

prsemisi
sent-before

Gallicanum
the Gallic

que
and

Picenum
the Picenian

agrum,
land,

aut
either

opprimet
will-oppress

hominem,
the man,

aut
or

prohibebit omnes
will hinder
all

motus

que conatus
attempts

ejus.
of him.

Autera
But

the

movements and

de
concerning

reliquis
the -remaining

rebus constituendis, maturandis,

things
to be-appointed,

to be-hastened,

agendis,
to be-acted,

referemus
we
will-refer

jam ad senatum, quern

now
and
to

the senate,

which

videtis you see

vocari.
to be-called.

Nunc
Now

etiam
also

atque

etiam
also (again

volo
and again) I wish

monitos illos those (to be) advised

qui who
and
relicti

qui remanserunt in urbe, atque adeo, who have-remained in the city, and-moreover,

sunt

a Catilina contra salutem

by
Catiline

urbis,
of the city,

have-been-left

against

th a safety

que omnium vestrum, quamquam

of all

sunt
they-are

hostes,
enemies,

tamen
yet

you,

although

quia
because

nati sunt
they have-been-born

cives.
citizens.

Si
If

mea
my

lenitas
mildness

adhuc
hitherto

visa est bas-seemed

to

solutior, cui any (person) too-lcose

exspectavit
(too lax),
it

has-waited-for

hoc,
this,

ut
that

id
that

erumperet
might-burst-forth

quod
which

latebat.
did lie-concealed.

Quod
What

est reiiquum,
is

possum non jam

(as far as regards the future),

remaining

I am-able

not

nott

MARCI TULLII CICERONIS.

ablivisci
to forget

S5
esse consulem
to be

hanc esse
this
to be

meam
my

patriam,
country,

me
myself

the consul

horum
of these
;

aut
either

esse
to be

vivendum
to be-lived

mini
to (by)

me

(that I

must

either live)

cum
with

his,
this,

aut
or

moriendum pro
to be-died for

his
these (or die in defence of these).

Est
There-is

nullus custos
no
keeper
si

portge,
of the gate (of the city),

nullus insidiator
no
plotter

vise
of the

qui
any

volunt
wish

exire,
to go-out,

possunt
they are-able

way

(way-layer)
sibi.

if

consulere
to consult

Vero
But
(he)

for themselves.

qui commoverit who shall- have-moved

not
;

se
himself

in
in

urbe,
the city,

cujus
of

ego
I

deprehendero
shall-have-detected

non modo
only

whom
but

ullum factum, sed

any
deed,

inceptum
undertaking

ve conatum
or attempt;

sentiet
shall-perceive

esse
to

in
in

hac urbe vigilantes consules, esse

this

be (that there are)

city

vigilant

consuls,

to be

egregios magistratus, esse fortem senatum, esse arma,

excellent

magistrates,

to be

a bold

senate,

to

be

arms,

esse carcerem, quern nostri majores

to

voluerunt
have-wished

esse
to be

be

a prison,

which

our

ancestors

vindicem nefariorum ac manifestorum scelerum.

(he avenger of nefarious

and

of manifest

crimes.

13.

Atque omnia
And
all

hsec
these (things)

agentur
shall-be-acted (done)

sic,
so,

Quirites, ut that Romans,

maxima

res

minimo

motu,

summa

the greatest things with the least commotion, the highest

pericula
dangers

nullo
with no

tumultu,
tumult,

intestinum ac domesticum
an intestine

and

domestic

bellum, crudelissimum ac
war,
the most-cruel

maximum post

memoriam
the

and the greatest

after (since)

memory

hominum,
of

sedetur,
may-be-allayed,

me
myself

uno
one (an individual)

men,

et imperatore. wearing-the-toga (being) the leader and commander.

togato

duce

Quod ego
"Which
1

administrabo
will

sic,
so,

administer

Quirites, Romans,

ut
that

si
if it

poterit
shall-be-able
to

fieri

be-done

6*

66
ullo in any

SECUNDA ORATIO
inodo,
manner,

ne quidem
not-even

quisquam
any

improbus
dishonest
(person)

sufferat

poenam
the penalty

sui
of his

sceleris in
crime
si
if

hac urbe.
this
city.

Sed
But

may undergo
si
if

in

vis

manifesto audaeiae,
audacity,

periculum impendens
the danger

the violence of manifest

hanging-over

patriae
to

deduxerint
shall

me
me

necessario
necessarily

de
from

hac
this

(my) country

have-led-away

lenitate animi lenity of mind;

;

perficiam
I will-perform

profecto illud quod videtur

indeed
that

which

seemi

vix
scarcely

optandum
to be-wished-for

in
(expected)
in

tanto
so-great

et and

tam
so

insidioso bello,
deceitful

ut

ne quis bonus
any

intereat,

que
and

war,

that not

good (person) may-perish,

vos
you

omnes
all

jam
now

possitis
may-be-able

esse
to

salvi
safe

poena
by the penalty

be

paucorum.
(punishment)
of a few.

Quae
Which

quidem ego polliceor

(things)

indeed

promise

vobis, Quirites, fretus relying Romans, to you,

neque
neither

prudentia, neque on my-own prudence, not

multis many
et and

mea

humanis
on

consiliis
counsels;

sed
but

non
not

dubiis
doubtful

human

on

significationibus
significations

immortalium
of the immortal

deorum,
gods,

(omens)

quibus who
hope

ducibus ego ingressus sum in

(being)
leaders

hanc spem que

this

have-entered

into

and

sententiam
opinion;

qui who

jam defendunt non

now
defend
not

sua
their-own

templa
temples

atque
End

tecta

urbis

procul,
afar-off,

ut
as

quondam
once

the roofs (houses) of the city

solebant,

ab

externo
suo

atque longinquo hoste,

and
distant

they were-accustomed, from an external

enemy,

sed
but

hie
here

praesentes
present

numine
influence

atque auxilio
and
aid;

with their-own

quos vos, whom you,

implorare,
to

Quirites, Romans,

debetis precari,
ought
to pray-to,

venerari,
to adore,

atque
and

ut
that

defendant
they Tiay-defend

a
from

nefario
the nefarious

scelere
crinn

implore,

MARCI TULLII CICERONIS.

perditissimorum
of most-lost

67

civium,
citizens,

hanc
this

urbem,
city,

quam
which

(abandoned)

voluerunt
they have-wished

esse
to be

pulcherrimam,
the most-beautiful,

florentissimam,
the most-flourishing,

que
and

potentissimam,
the most-powerful,

omnibus
aU

cophs
the forces

hostium
of enemiei

superatis
being-overcome

terra
by land

que mari.
and
by
sea.

TERTIA ORATIO

TEE THIRD ORATION

AD QUIRITES.

TO THE ROMANS,

I.

Quirites,
Romans,

videtis you sse

rempublicam,
the republic,

que
and

vitais
the
lift

>**fii
or

am omnium,
all,

bona, fortunas, conjuges, que vestros

goods,
fortunes,

jou

wives,

and

your

libcros,
children,

atque
and

hoc
this

domicilium
abode

clarissimi
of a most-famous

imperii,
empire,

fortunatissimam
a most-foreunate

que pulcherrimam
and
most-beautiful

urbem,
cit}7 ,

ereptam
snatched

ex
out-of

flamma atque
flame

ferro,
sword,

ac
and

psene
almost

ex
out-of

faucibus
the jaws

and

fati,
of fate,

et conservatam ac restitutam vobis, hodierno die, and preserved and restored to you, on-this-day,

summo
by the highest (very great)

amore
love

immortalium
of the immortal

deorum
gods

erga
towards

vos,
you,
ii

meis laboribus, by my labours,

in

consiliis
counsels

que
and

periculis.
dangers.

Et
And

si
if

dies quibus
which

conservamur
we
are-preserved

sunt non minus

are

those days

not
illi

less

jucundi
pleasant

atque
and
;

illustres
illustrious

nobis
to us

quam
than

quibus
in

those

which

nascimur
we are-born;

quod
because

laetitia the joy

salutis est
of safety
is

certa,

conditio
sine
without

certain, the condition

nascendi
of being-born
(is)

incerta;
uncertain
;

et and

quod
because
:

nascimur
we are-born

sensu,
feeling,

servamur

cum

voluptate
pleasure

profecto quoniam
indeed
168)

we are-preserved with

because

: :

MARCI TULLII C1CER0NIS.

Bustulimus
we have-raised

69

ilium
that

Romulum,
Romulus,

qui condidit banc urbein, city, who founded this

ad
to

immortales
the immortal

deos
gods

benevolentifi
with benevolence

que
and

fama
with fame

is

debebit
will-ought

esse in bonore
to

apud
with (among)

vos que vestro3

you

he

be in

honour

and

your

posteros, qui servavit descendants, who has-preserved

banc eandem urbem conditam

this

same

city

being-founded

que amplificatam.
and
enlarged.

Nam
For

restinximus

ignes
fires

jam
already

we-have-extinguished the

prope subjectos que circumdatos

nearly

cast-under

and placed-around

to the

templis, toti urbi, whole city, to the temples,

delubris,
to the shrines,

tectis,
to the roofs (houses),

ac
and

moenibus
to the walls

;
;

que
and (we)

iidem retudimus
the

gladios

same have-blunted the

destrictos in rempublicam, swords drawn against the republic,

que
and

dejecimus
we have-cast-down

mucrones
the points

eorum
of

ab
(of the swords)

them

from

vestris
your

jugulis.
throats.

Quae
Which
(things)

quoniam
because

illustrata sunt,
they have-been-brought-to-light,

patefacta,
made-open,

comperta
discovered

in
in

eenatu
the senate

per
through

rue, me,

exponam
I will-explain

jam
now

breviter
briefly

vobis,
to you,

Quirites, Romans,
scire
to

ut
that

vos,
you,

qui who

ignoratis,
are-ignorant-of

possitis
(them),

may

be-able

ex
out-of (from)

actis,
acts,

know

et both how-great and

et

quanta

quam
how

manifesta,
manifest

(they are),

qua ratione investigata sint et reason (manner) they may have-been-traced and by what
Principio,

et
and

comprebensa.
detected.

ut

Catilina
Catiline

erupit
burst-out

In the beginning, when

ex

urbe

paucis
by a few

diebus ante,
days
before,

cum

out-of the city

reliquisset when he might-have-left

Romse
of

socios
(at

sui
of his

sceleris,
crime,

acerrimos
the most-active

Rome

Rome)

the partners

duces bujusce
leaders
of this

nefarii
nefarkus

belli

vigilavi
I have-watched

semper,
always,

war

et and

70
providi,
have-foreseen,

TERTIA ORATIO
Quiritcs, Romans,

qucmadmodum
in -wb at- manner

possemus
we might-be-able

esse
to

be

salvi in
safe
in

tantis
so-great

et tarn absconditis insidiis. and so hidden snares.

2.

Nam
For

turn,
then,

cum
when

ejiciebam
I did-cast-out

Catilinam
Catiline

ex

urbe

out-of the city

(enim vereor non jam invidiam

(for

hujus verbi,
word,

I fear

not

now

the envy (unpopularity) of this

cum
since

ilia
that

sit

magis
more

timenda,

quod
ilium
him

exierit

may-be

to-be-feared, because he

may have-gone-out
exterminari,
to be-banished,

vivus),
alive),

sed
but

turn
then

cum
when

volebnm
I did-wish

putabam
I did-think

aut
either

reliquam
the remaining

manum
band

conjuratorum
of conspirators

exituram
about-to-go-out

simul,
together,

aut
or

eos
those

qui rcstitissent who might-have-remained

sine
without
illo.

fore
to be-about-to-be

infirmos
infirm

ac
and

dcbiles weak

Atque
And
inflamed

him.

ego,
I,

ut vidi eos, quos when I saw those, whom

sciebam
I

esse inflammatos
to

did-know

be

nraximo
with the greatest

furore
fury

et and

scelere,
crime,

esse
to be

cum
with

nobis,
us,

et and

remansisse
to

Romae,
at

consumsi
consumed

omnes
all

dies
days

que
and

have-remained

Rome,

(my)

noctes in
nights
in

eo,
this,

ut
that

sentirem
I might-perceive

ac
and
ut,
:

viderem
I might-see

quid
what

agerent,
they might-act,

quid
faceret
might-make

molirentur:

quoniam mea
because

what they might-attempt

that,

my
ears,

oratio
oration

minorem
less

fidem
faith

vestris
to

auribus,

your

propter incredibilem magnitudinem

(would gain
little credit),

because of

the incredible

greatness

sceleris,
of the cri
lie,

comprehenderem rem
I

ita,

ut
that

turn
then

demum
at-length

might-detect

the thing so,

provideretis
you might-foresee (provide)

vestroe saluti
for

animis,
with (your) minds,

cum
when

your

safety

vidcretis
you might-see

maleficium ipsum
the mischief
itself

oculis.
with (your) eyes.

Itaque
Therefor

MARCI TULLII CICERONIS.

ut wlun

71
Allobrogurn
of the Allobrogea

comperi
I discovered

legatos
the ambassadors

sollicitatos esse
to

a P. Lentulo,
by
P. Lentulus,

causa"
for-the-sake

Transalpini
of a Transalpine

have-been-solicited

belli, war,

et and

Gallici
of a Gallic

tumultus
tumult

excitandi,
to be-excited,

que
and

eos
those

missos esse
to

in

Galliam ad suos
Gaul
to

cives,
citizens,

que

eodem

have-been-sent into

their

and by the same

itinere,
iourney,

cum
with

litteris
letters

que mandatis ad Catilinam, que

and

commands

to iis,.

Catiline,

*od

Vulturcium adjunctum
Vulturcius
joined (as)

comitem

atque literas
and
letters

a companion to them,

datas esse
to

huic ad Catilinam,
to

putavi facultatem
I thought
the

have-been-given to him

Catiline,

means

oblatam mihi,
offered
to

ut

quod erat
was

difficillimum,
most-difficult,

que
and
diis, gods,

me,

that (a thing) which

quod ego semper

which
I

optabam
did-wish-for

a
from

immortalibus
the immortal

always

tota
that the whole

res
thing

deprehenderetur manifesto non solum

might-be-cletected

manifestly

not-

only

a
by

me
me

sed etiam
but
also

a
by

senatu,
the senate,

et and

a
by

vobis.
you;

/Itaque
^Therefore

hesterno die vocavi ad

on-yesterday
I called
to

me
me

L. Flaccum et C. Pomtinum,
L. Flaccus

and

C.

Pomtinus,

fortissimos
the most-bold

prsetores,
praetors,
:
:

atque
and

viros

amantissimos
most-loving
;
;

men

reipublicse

exposui
I explained

omnem
all

rem

ostendi quid
I showed
illi,

of the republic

the things
fieri.

what

placeret
it

Autem
But

might-please (what I thought proper) to be-done.

they,

qui who

sentirent
might-feel

omnia
all

praeclara
illustrious

atque egregia
and
excellent

(sentiments)

de
concerning

republica,
the republic,

susceperunt
took-up

negotium
the business

sine
without

recusatione,
refusal,

ac
and

sine
without

ulla any

mora,
delay,

et and

cum
when

advesperasceret,
(t

pervenerunt occulte ad
they-arrived
secretly

Murium
Mulviao

might-become-evening,

to (at) the

: :

T2

TERTIA ORATIO
ibi
there

pontem, atque fuerunt

bridge,

in
in

proximis
the nearest

villis,

and

were

country-houses,

ita
so

bipartite),
in-two-parties,

ut
that

Tiberis
the Tiber

interesset pons et and the bridge might-be-between

inter
between

eos.
them.

Autem
But

et
both

ipsi
they

eduxerunt multos fortes

led-oat

many

bold

viros

eodem
to-the-same-place

sine
without

suspicione
the suspicion

cujusquam,
of-any-one,

men
I

et and

ego miseram
had-sent

ex
out-of

Reatina
the Reatinian

prgefectuni complures many prefecture

delectos
chosen

adolescentes,
young-men,

opera,
with the assistance

quorum
of

utor
I use

whom

assidue
constantly

in
in

republica,
the republic,

presidio
to

cum
exacta,

a guard (as a guard) with

gladiis. swords

Interim
legati
the ambassadors

tertia

In-the-mean-time the third

vigilia watch

fere
almost

cum
when

being-completed,

Allobrogum inciperent
of the Allobroges

jam

ingredi

might-begin

already to enter-upoi

Mulvium
the Mulvian

pontem
bridge

cum
with

magno
a great

comitatu,
attendance,
fit

que
and

Vulturcius
Vulturcius

una,
together (with them),

impetus
an attack

in

eos
them

is-made upon
;
;

gladii
swords

educuntur
are-drawn-out

et
both

ab
by

illis,

et a nostris

res
the thing

them, and by our (men)

erat
was

nota
known

praetoribus
to the praetors

solis;
alone $

ignorabatur
it-was-unknown

a
by

ceteris
the rest.

3.

Turn
Then

interventu

Pomtini
sedatur
is-appeased,

at-the-coming-between (on the intervention) of Pomtinus

atque
and

Flacci,
of Flaecus,

pugna, quae commissa erat,

the tight,

which had-been-engaged,

Quaecunque
Whatever

litterae
letters

erant
were

in
in

eo
that

comitatu
attendance (company)

traduntur
are-delivered-up

praetoribus,
to the praetors,

signis
with the signs (seals)

integris;
entire,

ipsi liemsclves

comprehensi
being-seized

deducuntur
are-led-down

ad
to

me,
me,

cum
when

MARCI TULLII CICERONIS.

dilucesceret
it

73
statim
immediately

jam.

Atque vocavi
And
I called

ad
to

might-become-daybreak already.

me Cimbrum Gabinium, improbissimum machinatorem

rnto

Cimbrus Gabinius,

the most-wicked

contriver

omnium horum
of all

scelerum,
crimes,
(he)

suspicantem
suspecting

nihildum.
nothing-as-yet

these

Deinde
Tbjn

item
also
;

L. Statilius
L. Statilius

arcessitur,
is-sent-for,

et and

post
after

eum
him

Cethegus

autem Lentulus venit tardissime, credo

but
Lentulus

C. Oethegus

came

most-slowly,

I believe

quod
because

vigilarat
he-had-watched

proxima
on the-nearest
(last)

nocte
night

praeter
beyond

consuetudinem
(his)

litteris
in letters

dandis.
to be-given (in giving the letters).

custom

Vero cum
But
,

placeret
it

summis
fit)

ac clarissimis
and
most-famous

when

might-please (seem

to the highest

viris

hujus eivitatis, qui,

of this
state,

re

audita,

convenerant
aperiri
to

men

who, the thing being-heard, had-come-together

frequentes
frequent (in numbers)

ad
to

me
me

mane,

litteras

in-the-morning, the letters

be-opened

me

prius
before

quam
than

deferri
to be-referred

ad senatum
to

;
;

ne,
lest,

si
if

nihil
nothing

by me

the senate

inventum
injectus
cast-in

esset,

tantus
so-great

tumultus
disturbance

videretur
might-seem
(to be)

might-have-been-found,

civitati
to the state

a
by

me
me

temere
rashly;

negavi
I denied

me
myself

esse
to

be

facturum,
about-to-make,

ut
that

deferrem
I should-refer

non
not

integram
the entire

rem
thing

de
Etenim,
For,

publico
Quirites, Romans,

periculo
danger
si
if

ad
to

publicum
the public

consilium.
council.

concerning the public

ea,
those (things),

quae
which

delata erant
had-been-referred
;

ad me,
(reported)
to

reperta essent
might-have-been-found

non
not;

tamen
yet

ego
I

me,

arbitrabar
aid -think

non nimiam diligentiam

not
too-great
diligence

esse
to be

pertimescendam
to be-feared

mihi
to

in
in

tantis
so-great

periculis
dangers

reipublicae.
of the republic.

Coegi
I collected

me (by me)

74
celeriter
quickly

TERTIA ORATIO
frequentem
a frequent (numerous)

senatum, ut
senate,

vidistis,

as

you have-seen.

Atque
And

interea,
in-the-mean-time,

admonitu
by the advice

Allobrogum,
of the Allobroges,

misi
I sent

statim
immediately
si
if

C. Sulpicium, prsetorem, fortem virum, qui,

C. Sulpicius,

the praetor,

a bold

man,

who,

esset
there-might-be

quid
any (thing)

telorum,
of weapons,
;

efferret
might-bring-(them)-out

ex
out-of

sedibus (plur.)
the house

Cethegi

ex
out-of

quibus
which

illo

of Cethegus;

he

extulit
brought-out

maximum
a very-great

numerum
number

sicarum
of poniards

et and

gladiorum.
of swords.

4.

Introduxi Vulturcium
I led-in

sine
without

Gallis

;
;

dedi
I gave

Vulturcius

the Gauls
;

ei
to

publicam fidem, jussu

him
the public
faith,

senatus
quae

hortatus
sciret

sum
sine

by order

of the senate

I exhorted

ut
that

indicaret
he should-indicate
ille,

ea,

those (things), which he might-know

without

timore. Turn Then fear.

cum

he,

recreasset se when he might-have-recovered himself

dixit,
said,

vix
scarcely

ex
out-of

magno
the great

timore,
fear,

se

habere mandata
ut
that

et

himself to have

commands and

litteras
letters

a
from

P. Lentulo ad Catilinam,
P. Lentulus
to
Catiline,

uteretur
be-should-use

praesidio
with guard (the help)

servorum>
of slaves,

et and
;

aecederet
should-approach

cum
with

exercitu the army

consilio,
design,

ad urbem quam primum

to

autem
but

id

eo

the city

as-soon-as-possible;

that with this

ut
that

cum
when

incendissent
they might-have-set-fire-to

urbem
the city

ex
out-of

omnibus
all

partibus,
parts,

quemadmodum
as

descriptum erat
it-had-been-described

que
and

distributum,
distributed,

que

infinitam fecissent and might-have-made an infinite

prsesto
at-hand

caedem
slaughter

civium,
of citizens,

ille

esset
might-be

he

qui who

et
both

exciperet
might-catch (those)

: :

MARCI TULLII CICERONIS.

fugientes,
fleeing,

75
his
these

et and

conjungeret
might-unite

se
himself

cum
with

ducibus
leader

urbanis.
belonging-to-< he-city.

Autem
But
et and
litteras
letters

Gralli
the Gauls

introducti
being-led-in

dixerunt
said

jusjuranduru
an oath

datas esse
to

have-given

sibi a to themselves by

P. Lentulo,
P. Lentulus,

Cethego,
Cethegus,
(and)

Statilio
Statilius

ad suam gentem;
to

their

nation;

atque ita
and
thus

prgescripturn esse
to

have-been-prescribed

to

sibi themselves

ab

bis et a by these and by

L. Cassio,
L. Cassius,

ut
that

mitterent
they should-send

equitatum
cavalry

in
into

Italiam
Italy

quam primum,
as-soon-as-possible,

pedestres copias
foot-forces

non
not

defuturas
about-to-be-wanting

to

sibi ; them

autem
;

Lentulum
Lentulus

confirmasse
to

sibi
to

ex
out-of

but

have-confirmed

them

Sibyllinis
the Sybilline

fatis
fates

que responsis haruspicum,

and
the answers
of diviners,

se

esse

himself to be

ilium
that

tertium
third

Cornelium,
Cornelius,

necesse ad quern esset whom it might-be necessary to

regnum
the

kingdom

(rule) of this

hujus urbis atque imperium pervenire city and the command to arrive
fuisse
to

Cinnam
Cinna

et and

Sullam
Sulla

ante

se

que eundem
and
the

have-been before himself;

same

dixisse
(person) to have-said

hunc
this

esse
to be

annum

fatalem
qui
which

ad
to (for)

the year ordained-by-fate

interitum
the destruction

hujus
of this

urbis
city

atque
and

imperii,
empire,

esset
might-be

decimus annus post absolutionem

the tenth

virginum,
of the virgins,

autem
but

year

after

the acquitting

ricesimus
the twentieth

post
after

incensionem
the setting-on-fire

Capitolii.
of the Capitol.

Autem
But

dixerunt hanc controversiam

they said
this

fuisse
to

Cethego
et and

cum
with

dispute

have-been to Cethegus

ceteris,
the rest,

quod,
because,
it

placeret

Lentulo

ceteris
to the rest
i#

might-please to Lentulus

caedem
the slaughter
to

fieri,

atque
and

urbem
the city

ncendi

be-made,

to be set-cn-firc

76
Saturnalibus,
n the Saturnalia

TERTIA ORATIO
id
that

videri
to-seem

nimium longun
too-long

Cethego.
to

Cethegus.

5.

Ac,
And,

ne
lest it

sit

longum,
long (tedious/,

Quintes,
Romans,

jiissimus
we-ordered

may-be

tabellas
the tablets (letters)

proferri,
to be-brought-forward,

quae
which

dicebantur
were said

datae (esse)
to

a quoque
each:

primum ostendimus signum

first

have-been-given by
;

we showed

the sign (seal)

Cethego
to

cognovit
he acknowledged
(it):

nos
we

incidimus
cut

linum
the thread,*

Cethegus;
;

legimus
we read;
et and

erat
it

scriptum
written

maim
sese

ipsius

senatui
facturura
about-to-do

was

with the hand of himself to the senate

populo
to the people

Allobrogum,
of the Allobroges,

esse
to

himself

be

quae
(the things)

confirmasset
to the

legatis
ambassadors

which he might-have-confirmed (affirmed)

eorum
of

:
:

orare
to

ut
that

item
also

illi

facerent

quas

them

beg

they

would- do (the things) which

legati

eorum
them

recipissent sibi.
received
to

the ambassadors of

them (might have taken on

Turn
themselves to promise).

Cethegus,
Cethegus,

Then

qui who

paulo
a
little

ante
before

respondisset
^ight-have-answered

aliquid

gladiis ac de sicis some (thing) concerning the swords and poniards,

quae
which

deprehensae erant
had been-discovered

apud
with

ipsum,
him
(at his house),

qui
and

dixisset

se

semper
always
to

fuisse
have-been

studiosum
studious (an admirer)

might-have-said himself

bonorum ferramentorum,
of

good

weapons,

debilitatus atque and weakened

abjectus,
cast-down,

iltteris

recitatis,

convictus
convicted

conscientiS,
by consciousness,

repente
suddenly

the letters being-read -aloud,

eonticuit.
beeame-silent.

Statilius introductus
Statilius

cognovit
acknowledged

manum
(his)

being-kd-in

hand

et and

suum signum
his

tabellas

recitatae sunt in

fere

seal;

tablets (letters) were-read-aloud

anto nearly

MAKCI TULLII CICEKOXIS.

77

e&adem
'.he

sententiam
purpose;

confessus est.
he confessed.

Turn
Then

ostendi
I showed

same

tabellas
the tablets (letters)

Lentulo,
to Lentulus,

et and

qusesivi

ne
signum
the seal

I sought (asked) whether

;

cognosceret
he would-acknowledge

signum
the
seal,-

annuit

vero
but

he nodded-assent;

quidem
indeed

est
is

notum, inquam,
known,
I said,

imago
the image

clarissimi
of the most-famous

qui viri tui avi, man thy grandfather, who

unice,

amavit
loved

patriam
(his)

country

et suos and his

cives
citizens

quae
te

quidem etiam
indeed

muta debuit
dumb
ought

singularly, which (image)

even (although)

revocare
Jo recall

tanto
so-great

scelere.
crime.

thee from

Litterae ad The letters to

senatum
the senate

que populum
and
people
si

Allobrogum leguntur
of the Allobroges

eadem
in the

ratione:
reason

are-read

same

vellet
he might-wish

dicere
to say

quid

de

his
these

(manner):

if

any (thing) concerning

rebus, feci things, I made

tiegavit;
denied;

(gave)

potestatem. Atque ille quidem primo power. And he indeed at-first

aliquanto
somewhat
edito,

autem
but

post,
after,

toto
the whole

indicio
discovery

exposito
Gallis,
the Grauls,

atque
quid
what

surrexit
:

qugesivit

oeing explained and being-published, he rose

he sought (asked) from

iis,

esset
might-be
to

sibi himself with

cum

them (what he had

to

do

quamobrem
rith

venissent

suam domum;
house;

them),

wherefore

they should-have-come (to) his

que item a Vulturcio.

jtnd

also

from

Vulturcius.

Qui cum Who when

per

respondissent
they-might-have- answered

illi
60

breviter que constanter,

briefly

him

and

constantly,

through

quern que quoties whom and how-often

venissent

ad eum
him;

que
and

qusesissent
they might-have-sought (asked)

they might-have-come to

ab
from

eo
him

ne
whether

locutus esset
he might-have-spoken

nihil
nothing

secum
with-theni

ae
concerning

Sibyllinis
the Sibylline

fatis
fates
:

tun?
then

ille,
he,

subito
suddenly

demens
mad

7*

78
scelere,
with crime,

TERTIA ORATIO
ostendit
showed

quanta
how-great

vis
the force

consci entire
of consciousness

esset;
iaight-be;

nam cum
for

posset

when he might-be-able

inficiari to deny

id,
that,

repente
suddenly

praeter
beyond (contrary
to)

opinionem omnium, confessus

the opinion
of
all,

est
:

ita
thus

he confessed

lion
not

modo
only

illud
that

ingenium
ability

dicendi, et exercitatio exercise of speaking, and

qua
in

valuit

semper, sed etiam,

always,

propter

vim

which he prevailed

but

also,

because-of the force

manifesti atque deprehensi sceleris,

of manifest

impudentia,
(his)

and

of detected

crime,

impudence,

qua
in

superabat

omnes, que improbitas defecit.

all,

which he did-surpass

and

dishonesty

failed (him).

Vero Vulturcius
But
Vulturcius

subito jussit litteras

suddenly ordered the
letters to

proferri
be-brought-forward

atque
and

aperiri,
to be-opened,

quas
which

dicebat
he did-say
to

datas esse
have-been-given
to

sibi

him

a
by

Lentulo ad
Lentulus
to (for)

Catilinam.
Catiline.

Atque
And
yet
;

ibi
there (then)

Lentulus
Lentulus

perturbatus
being-disturbed

vehementissime,
most-violently,

tamen
autem
but

cognovit et acknowledged both

erant
they were

suum
his

signum
the seal

et and

manum
hand;
ita
thus
:
:

script*
written

sine
without

nomine, sed
a name,

" Cognosces qui

" Thou wilt-know
te.
thee.

sim

ex

but

who

I may-be out-of

eo quern
(from)

misi

ad
to

him whom I have-sent

Cura ut sis Take-care that thou niayst-be

in quern locum et cogita vir, progressus sis, a man, and think (consider) into what a place thou may st-have-advanced;

vide et see and

quid
what

jam
now

sit

necesse

tibi.
for you.

Cura

ut

may-be necessary

Take-care that

tibi adjungas thou mayst-join to thee

auxilia
the aids

omnium, etiam infimorum."

of
all,

even

of the lowest/'

Deinde Gabinius introductus cum primo

Then
Gabinius
being-led-in

coepisset
he might-have-begun

when

at-first

respondere impudenter, ad
to

extremum negavit
the last

nihil

answer

impudently,

to (at)

he denied nothing

: :

MAKCI TULLII CICERONIS.

ex
lis

79

quae
ilia
those (things)

Galli

insimulabant
did accuse (lay to his charge)

out-of those (things) which the Gauls

Ac cum
And
when

visa sunt mihi quidem,

seemed
to

me

indeed,

Quirites, Romans,

certissima
most-certain

argument a atque
arguments

indicia
discoveries

sceleris, tabellie,
of crime,

and

the letter-,

signa,
seals,

wanus,
the hands,

denique,
lastly,

confessio
the confession

uniuscujusque
of each

turn
then
(so)

ilia
these fgeemed to

me)

multo certiora, by much more-certain,

color,
the colour,

oculi,

vultus, taciturnitas.
the silence.

Enim
For
sic,
so,

obstupuerant
they had-become-astonished

the eyes, the look,

sic,
so,

intuebantur
they did-look-upon

terrain
the earth

nonnumquam
sometimes
sic

adspiciebant inter among they did-look

ut
that

se

furtim,

themselves (one upon the other) so by-stealth,

viderentur
they might-seem

non jam
not

indicari
to

ab

aliis,
ethers,

sed
but

now

be-denounced by

indicare se. ipsi themselves to denounce themselves.

6.

Indiciis The discoveries

expositis
being-explained

atque
and

editis,
being-published,

Quirites, Romans,
fieri
to

consnlui
I consulted

senatum,
the senate,

quid
what
it

placeret
might-please (them)

de

summa
the chief

republica.
republic.

Acerrimae
Most-severe

ac
and

be-done concerning

fortissimae sententias dictse sunt

most-bold
opinions

were-said

a principibus, by the chief (senators),

ulla;

quas senatus consecutus est

which the senate
followed

sine
without

varietate.
variety.

Et
And
est,

any

quoniam consultum senatus nondum perscriptum

since

the decree

of the senate

not-yet

has-been-transcribed,

exponam
I will-explain

ex
out-of

memorial
memory-

vobis,
to-you,

Quirites, Romans,

quid
what

senatus
the senate

censuerit.
may-have-voted.

Primuin
First

gratiae
thanks

aguntur
are-acted (given)

mihi to me

amplissimis
in

verbis,
words,

quod
because

respublica
the republic

most-ample

; ;

80
Uberata
sit

TERTIA ORATIO

maximis
:

periculis
dangers

ciay have-been-liberated from the greatest

virtate, by (my) valour,

et and

consilio, mea providentia by (my) counsel, by my foresight:

deinde L. Flaccus
then
L. Flaccus

C. Pomtinus, praetores, laudantur

C.

merito
forti

ac

jure.

Pomtinus,

the praetors,

are -praised

deservedly and with right,

quod
because

usus essem

que
and

fideli
faithful

I might-have-used (experienced) with the bold

opera
assistance

eorum
of

;
;

atque etiam laus impertitur

and
also

forti
to the bold

them

praise

is-imparted

viro, man,

meo
to

collegse,
colleague,

quod

removisset
eos
those

suis

my

because he might-have-removed from his-own

eonsiliis et reipublicae counsels and (from those) of the republic

fuissent qui who might-have-been

ita,
thus,

participes hujus conjurationis.

partakers
of this

Atque censuerunt
And
abdicasset
they voted

conspiracy.

ut
that

P. Lentulus,
P. Lentulus,

cum
when

se
himself

he- might-have-abdicated

praetura,
from the pra?torship,

turn
then

traderetur
should-be-delivered-up

in custodiam
into

custody

que item
and
also

uti
that

C. Cethegus,
C. Cethegus,

L. Statilius, P. Gabinius,
L. Statilius,
P. G-abinius,

qui who

omnes
all
;

erant
were

praesentes,
present,

traderentur
should-be-delivered-up

in
into

custodiam
custody;

atque hoc idem

and
this

decretum
(thing)

est

in
against

same

was-decreed

L. Cassium, qui
L. Cassius,

depoposcerat
had-required
:
:

sibi
for himself

procurationem
the

who

management
cui
to

urbis
of the city

incendendae
to be-set-on-fire
^

in
against

M. Caeparium,
M.
Cseparius,

whom

indicatum erat
\t

/
(it

Apuliam
appeared)

attributam esse
to

had-been-indicated

Apulia
:

have-been-assigned

ad
est
is

pastores
shepherds

sollicitandos
to be-solicited
:

in
against

to (for) the

P. Furium, qui who P. Furius,

ex
out-of Cfrom)
;

his
those

colonis,
colonists,

quos L. Sulk deduxit l3d-down whom L. Sulla

qui who

(to)

Faesulas
Fassulao
*

in
against

Q. Manlium Chilonem,
Q. Manlius Chilo,

semper
always

MARCI TULLII CICERONIS.

*

81
in
in

versatus erat
had-been-engaged

una
together

cum
with

hoc
this

Furio
Furius

hac
this

sollicitatione
solicitation

Allobrogum
of the Allobroges;

in
against

P.I
P.

Umbrenjs,

libertinum hominem,
a freed-man,

a
by

quo whom
to

constabat
it

Gallos
the Gauls

was-evident

primum perductos
first

esse ad Gabinium.
Gabinius.

Atque senatus
And
the senate

to

have-been-led

usus est
used

ea
with that

lenitate,
mildness,

Quirites, Romans,
vi
force

ut
that

ex
out-of

tanta
so-great

eonjuratione,
a conspiracy,

que
and

tanta
so-great

ac
and

multitudine
multitude

domesticoruin
of domestic

hostium,
enemies,

republica
the republic

conservata,
being-preserved,

arbitraretur
it

mentes
the minds

reliquorum
of the rest

posse
to be-able

sanari
to be-cured

might-think

poena

novem perditissimorum
most-lost (most abandoned)

hoinimrm.
men.

by the punishment of nine

Atque etiam,
And
also,

Quirites, Romans,

supplicatio
a thanksgiving

decreta est
was-decreed

meo
in

my

nomine
name

immortalibus
to the

immortal

diis, gods,

pro
for

singulari
the singular

meritc
merit

eorum
of these

quod
(things)
;

contigit
(thing)

primum
first

which

has happened

mihi to me

togato
et and

post
his
in these

hanc urbem conditam;

this

wearing-the toga (a civilian) after (since)

city

being-built;

decreta est
it

verbis,
words,

" Quod
csede,

liherassem
Italian]
Italy

was-decreed

" Because I might-have-freed

urbem
the city

incendiis,

cives

from conflagrations, the citizens

from slaughter,

bello."
from war."

Si quae supplicatio
If which thanksgiving

conferatur may be-compared

eum
with

ceteris,
others,

Quirites, hoc intersit, quod ceterae, Romans, this may be-the-difference, that others (have been appointed).

republica
the republic

gesta

bene,

hsec
this

una
alone

being-carried-on well,

constituta est, has been-appointed,

fuit

conservata.
/the state) being-preserved,

Atque
And

illud,
this,

quod
which

faciendum
to-be-done

was

82

TERTTA 0RATI0
est was-done

primum, factum
first,

atque transactnm.
and
dispatched.

Nam quamquara
For
although

P. Lentulus,
P. Lentulus,

patefactus
being-exposed

indiciis by discoveries

et and

suis
by
his -own

confessionibus,
confessions,

judicio
praetoris,
of praetor,

senatus,

amiserat
had-lost

non
not

by the judgment of the senate,

modo
only

jus
the right

verum etiam
but
also
;
;

civis;
of citizen;

tamen
yet

abdicavit
he abdicated

se
himself

magistratu

ut
that

quse religio
what
scruple

from the magistracy

fuerat
had-been

non C. Mario
not to
C.

clarissimo
a most-famous

Marius

viro, quo man, by which

minus
less

occideret
he should
kill

C. Glauciam, praetorem,
C. Glaucias,

de
concerning

quo
whom

nihil
nothing

a praetor,

decretum erat
had-been-decreed

nominatim,
by-name,

nos
we

liberaremur
puniendo.
tenetis
you-hold

ca

should-be-freed from that

religione in P. Lentulo privato

scruple
in

P. Lentulus

a private (person) to be-punished.

7.

Nunc
Now

quoniam,
since,

Quirites, Romans,

nefarios
the nefarious

duces
leaders

sceleratissimi
of (this) most-wicked

que
and

periculosissimi
most-dangerous

belli

war

jam
already

captos
taken

et and

comprehensos,
detected,

debetis
you ought

existimare
to think

omnes copias
all

Catilinae,
of Catiline,

omnes
all

spes atque
hopes

opes,
resources,

the forces

(his)

and

concidisse,
to have-fallen,

his
this

periculis
dangers

urbis

depulsis.

Quera

of the city being-driven-off.

Whom
urbe,
the city,

quidem
indeed

ego,
I,

cum
when

ego
I

pellebam
did-drive

ex
out-of

providebam hoc
did-foresee
this
in

animo,

Quirites, Catilina
Catiline

remoto,
being-removed,

(my) mind, Romans,

nec
neither

somnum
the sleep

P. Lentuli, nee adipem

of P. Lentulus,

L. Cassii,
of L. Cassius,

nor

the fat

nor furiosam temeritatem Cethegi esse pertimescendam

no*
ine furious

rashness

of Cethegus to be

to be-feared

mihi.
to 'by;

Ille

unus

ex

omnibus
all

me.

He

one (alone) (Catiline) out-of

these

his erat was

MARCI TULLII C1CER0NIS.

timendus, sed
to be-feared,

S3

tamdiu dum continebatur moenibus

he was-contained

but (only) so-long while

by the walla

urbis.
of the city.

Norat
He had-known
aditus
the accesses
(he

omnia,
knew)
;

tenebat
he did-hold

all

(things),

omnium
of all;

poterat
he was-able (and)
:

audebat
did dara

(understand)

appellare,
to call

tentare, sollicitare
to try,
to solicit:

erat

ei

(salute;,

there-was to him (he had)

consilium
counsel

aptum ad
fit

facinus

;
j

autem neque
but

lingua

to (for)

daring-deed

neither (his) tongue

neque manus
nor

deerat
was-wanting

consilio.
to (that) counsel.

Jam
Already

habebat
he did-have

hand

certos homines delectos ac descriptos

certain

ad
to (for)

men
res
things

chosen

and

described

(appointed)

certas
certain

conficiendas.
to be-completed.

Vero
But

neque,
neither,

cum
when

aliquid, some (thing), he had-commanded

mandaverat
Erat

putabat
did he think
(it)

confectum.
completed.

nihil

quod
which

ipse

obiret

non, occurreret,
would-oppose

There-was nothing

himself would-undergo not,

vigilaret,
(would lend aid
to),

laboraret
would-labour (not)
:

poterat
he was-able

would-watch,

ferre frigus, sitim,

to bear
cold,
thirst,

famem.
hunger.

Nisi
Unless

ego
I

compulissem
might-have-driven

hunc hominem
this

tarn acrem, tarn

so
active,

paratum, tarn audacem,

prepared,
so
bold,

man
cunning,

so

tarn callidum, tarn vigilantem in scelere, tarn diligentem

so so

vigilant

in

crime,

so

diligent

in perditis
in
lost

rebus,
things,

ex
out-of

domesticis insidiis
domestic
snares

in
into

(abandoned)

latrocinium
robbery

castrense
belonging-to-the-camp (war)

(dicam
(I will-say

id,
that,

quod
which

sentio,
I think,

Quirites), Romans),

depulissem
I should-have-driven-off

non
not

facile
easily

hanc tantam molem mali

this

vestris cervicibus.
your
necks.

Ille

so-great

mass

of evil from

He

constituisset
would-have-appointed

non
not

Saturnalia
the Saturnalia

nobis,
for us,

neque
not

84
denuntiasset
fati
of fate

TERTIA ORATIO
tanto

ante
before

diem

exitii

would-have-denounced by so-much

the day of destruction

el and

reipublicae,
to the republic,

neque
nor

commisisset,
litterae
letters

ut
(his)

would he-have-committed, that

signuin 5
seal,

ut
that

denique
in-fine

suae
his-own

deprehenderentur
should-be-discovered

testes
witnesses

manifesti
of manifest

sceleris.
crime.

Quae
Which
sic,
so,

nunc
(things)

now

gesta sunt,
have-been-carried-on,

illo

absente
being-absent

ut nullum furtum
that

he

no
sit

theft

in
in

privata
a private

domo
house

umquam
ever

inventum
conjuratio
conspiracy

tarn
so

may-have-been-found-out

palam,
openly,

quam
as

haec
this

tanta
so-great

in
in

republica
the republic

inventa est
has-been-found-out

atque deprehensa manifesto.

and
discovered
manifestly.

Quod

si

But-if

Catilina
Catiline

remansisset
might-have-remained

in
in

urbe
the city

ad hanc diem,
to this

day,

quamquam
although

quoad
as-long-as

fuit occurri he was (here) I met

atque
and

obstiti
I opposed

omnibus
to all

consiliis
the counsels
(designs)

ejus,
of him,

tamen,
yet,

ut
that

dicam
I may-say

levissime,
most-lightly (to say the least),
it

fuisset
would-have-been

dimicandum
to be-fought

nobis
to (by) us

cum
with

illo,

neque nos umquam, dum

nor

ille

him,

we

ever,

while that

hostis enemy

fuisset

in

urbe,
the city,

liberassemus
should-have-freed

rempublicam
the republic

might-have-been in

tantis
from so-great

periculis,
dangers,

tanta
with so-great

pace,
peace,

tanto
with so-great

otio,
ease,

tanto
with so-great

silentio.
silence.

8.

Quamquam
Although

omnia
all

hsec,
these
(things)

Quirites, Romans,
et
both

administrata sunt
have-been-managed

a
by

me
me

ita,
so,

Ut
that

videantur
they may-seem

gesta esse
to

have-been-carried on

et provisa and foreseen (provided

nutu
for)

at the

nod

(will)

marci tullii ciceronis*

atque
and

85

consilio
counsel

immortalium
of the immortal

deorum.
gods.

Que
And

cuir.

when

possumus consequi id
sve

conjectural,
by-conjecture,

quod

gubernatio
esse
to be (the

are-able

to arrive-at that

because the governance

tantarum rerum videtur vix

of so-great

potuisse
to

things

seems scarcely

have-been-able

work)

humani
of

consilii:
counsel
:

vero turn ita praesentes

but
then
so

tulerunt
they brought

human

present

opem
assistance

et and

auxilium nobis
aid
to us

his
in these

temporibus,
times,

ut
tha\

possemus

paene videre
to see

eos

oculis.
eyes.

Nam,
For,

ut
thai

we might-be-able almost

them with the

omittam
I may- omit

ilia,

faces

que ardorem
tempore, ut
time,

coeli

these (things),

the torches and

the burning of the heaven

visas
seen

ab
from

occidente
the west

nocturno
in the nocturnal

that (I

may

omit}

jactus
cetera,
other

fulminum, ut
quae
consulibus,
consuls,

niotus

terrae,

ut

the castings of lightnings, that the motions of the earth, that (I may omit)

tarn multa facta sunt,

(things),

which (being) so

many

were-done (happened),
dii gods

nobis
us

ut
so- that

immortales
the immortal

viderentur
might-seem

(being)

canere
to sing

haec
(foretel)

quae

nunc
now

fiunt:
are-done

these (things) which

(happen)

certe,
certainly,

Quirites, Romans,

hoc quod sum this which I am

nor

dicturus
about-to-say

est
is

neque
neither

praetermittendum neque relinquendum.

to be-passed-over to be-left.

Nam
For
(being)

profecto
indeed

tenetis you hold

memoria, Cotta
in

memory,

Cotta

et and

Torquato
Torquatua

consulibus,
consuls,

complures
many

res
things

in Capitolio percussas esse

in

de

coelo,

the Capitol to have-been-struck from heaven,

cum
et

when both

et simulacra immortalium the images of the immortal

deorum
gods

depulsa sunt,
were-thrust-down,

statuae

veterum hominum
of ancient

dejectae,

et aera (plur.)
the brass

and the statues

men
melted.

cast-down, **nd

legum
'brazen tablets) of the laws

liquefacta.

Etiam
ALo

ille
that

Romulus,
Romulus*

86
qui
who

TERTIA ORATIO
condidit
founded

banc
this

urbem,
city,

tactus est
was-touehed (scathed;
:

quem
whom

mexninistis
you-remembered
to

fuisse
have-been

in
in

Capitolio
the Capitol

inauratum
overlaid-with-goid

parvum
little

atque
and

lactentem,
sucking,

inhiantein
gaping-after

uberibus
to the teats

lupinis.
belonging-to-the-wolf.

Quo
At which

tempore
time

quidem,
indeed,

cum
wh'n

aruspices
diviners

convenissent
might-have-come-together

ex
out of

tot&
the whole

Etruria,
Tuscany,

dixerunt
they said

caedes
slaughters

atque
and

incendia,
conflagrations,

et and

interitum
the destruction

legum,
totius
of the whole

et

of the laws, and

civile ac civil and

domesticum bellum,
domestic
war,

et and

occasum
the
fall

urbis
city

atque
and

imperii
empire

appropinquare,
to approach,

nisi
unless

immortales
the immortal

dii placati gods being-appeased

omni
in every

rations,
reason

(manner),

flexissent
Aiight-have-bent
(diverted)

prope
almost

fata
the fates

ipsa
themselves

suo
by
their

numine.
divinity
(influence).

Itaque
Therefore

responsis
at the answers

illorum tunc
of

them

then

et

ludi

both games

facti sunt were-made

per
through

decern
ten

dies,
days,

neque
neither

ulla any

res
thing

praetermissa est
was-omitted
;
;

quae
which

pertineret
might-pertain
(tend)

ad
to

placandum deos
appeasing

que
and

iidem
the same (diviners)

jusserunt facere
ordered
to

the gods

make

simulacrum
the image

Jovis
of Jupiter

majus,
greater,

in excelso, et collocare and to place (it) in a lofty

(situation),

atque contra et and (than) and on-the-contrary

;

fuerat
it

ante,
before,

had-been

convertere ad orientem
to turn (it)
to

ac dixerunt
and
they said

se
themselves

sperare,
to hope,

the east;

si
if

illud
that

signum,
sign (statue),

quod
which
solis,

videtis, conspiceret you see, should-view (should look

ortum
towards) the rising

of the sun,

et and

forum, que
the forum,

curiam,

and the council-houi|

MARCI TULLII CICERONIS.

fore, Wabout-to-be (that

87
consilia,
counsels,

ut
it

ea
those

quae
which

would be)

that

inita essent

clam

contra
against

salutem
the safety

urbis
oftnecity

might-have-been- entered-in to secretly

atque
and

imperii,
of tne empire,

illustrarentur,
would-be-brought-so-clearly-to-light,

ut
that

possent
populo.
people.

perspici

senatu
the senate

que Romano
and

they might-be-able to be seen-through by

Roman

Atque
And
to

Illi

consules locaverunt
consuls

those

placed-out (made arrangements for)

illud
that

collocandum
be-placed

ita;
thus;

sed
but

tanta
so-great

fuit

tarditas
the slowness

was

operis,
of the work,

ut
that
it

collocaretur
inight-be-placed

neque
neither

a
by

superioribus
the former

consulibus, neque
consuls,

a nobis
by
us

ante
before

hodiernum diem.
this-day.

nor

9.

Hie
Here

quis who

potest,
is-able,

Quirites, Romans,

esse* to be

tarn
so

aversus
averse

vero,

from the truth,

tarn praeceps, tarn captus mente, headlong, so taken in mind (deprived so

of understanding),

qui who

neget may deny

omnia
all

hasc
these (things)

quas
which

videmus,
we
see,

que
and

praecipue
especially

hanc
this

urbem,
city,

administrari
to

be-managed

nutu
by the nod

atque
and

potestate
by the power

immortalium
of the immortal

Deorum
Gods

?
?

Etenim
For

cum
when
it

responsum esset
might-have-been-answered

ita,
thus,

caedes,
slaughters,

incendia,
conflagrations,

que
and

interitum
the destruction

reipublicae
of the republic

comparari,
to be-prepared,

et and

ea

a perditis
lost

civibus
;

quae
which (things)

these (things) by

(abandoned) citizens

turn
then

videbantur
did-seem

nonnullis
to

incredibilia
incredible

propter
because of

some
:

magnitudinem
the greatness

scelerum

of the crimes:

sensistis you have-perceived

ea
these (things)

non modo
fcot

cogitata esse,
to have-been-devised,

verum etiam suscepta

but

a
by

wily

even

undertaken

88
nefariis
nefarious

TERTIA ORATIO
civibus.
citizens.

Vero nonne
But
is-not

est illul
this

ita
so

prresens,
present

at
that

videatur
it

factum esse
to

nutu
by the nod

optimi,
of the best,

may-seem

have-been-done

maximi
conjurati

Jovis,

ut,
that,

cum hodierno
when
et and

die

mane
in the

the greatest Jupiter,

on this-day

et morning both

indices

eorum
them

the conspired (the conspirators)

the discoverers (accusers) of

ducerentur meo jussu

might-be-led

per
through

forum
the forum

in
into

8edem
the temple

by

my
eo

order

Concordise,
of Concord,

tempore
time

ipso
itself

signum
the sign (statue)

in that

statueretur

might-be-erected?

Quo collocato Which being-placed

et

atque
and

converso
being-turned

ad
to

70s que senatum,

you
and
the senate,

senatus

both the senate

et vos vidistis and you saw

omnia
all

quae
(things)

cogitata erant
had-been-devised

contra
against

salutem
the safety

omnium,
of
all,

which

illustrata
brougbt-to-light

et
and

patefacta.
exposed.

Quo
By which
(for

isti

which reason) those

sunt digni etiam

(persons)
are

majore

odio que supplicio,

and
punishment,

worthy

even

with greater hatred

qui who

conati sunt
have-endeavoured

inferre
to

funestos
fatal

ac
and

nefarios
nefarious

bring-on

ignes non solum

fires

not

only

vestris domiciliis atque tectis, sed abodes and to your roofs, but to your

etiam
also

templis
to the

atque
and

delubris
to the shrines

Deorum.
of the Gods.

Quibus
To whom

temples

si
if

ego dicam
I

me
sim
may-be

restitisse,
to have-resisted,

sumam
I shall-take

nimium
too-much

may-say myself

mihi,
to myself,

et and
:

non ferendus.
not
to

be borne.
ille

Ille, That,

ille
that

Jupiter
Jupiter

rest i tit
resisled

ille

voluit
wished
ille

Capitolium,
the Capitol,

hsec templa, ilia

these

he

he

temples,

he

hanc urbem,
this
city,

vos omnes esse salvos.

all

Ego
1

he (wished) you

to be

safe.

suscepi
oave-takei>up

hanc
this

mentem que voluntatem,

mind
and
wish,

Quirites, Romans,

MARCI TULLII CICERONIS.

immortalibus
the immortal

89
perveni
I have arrived

Diis
Gods (being)
indicia.
discoveries.

ducibus,
leaders,

atque
and

ad
to

haec
these

tanta
so-great

Vero jam
But

now

ilia that

sollicitatio
.solicitation

Allobrogum,
sic
thus

tanta

res,

numquam
never

credita (esset)

of the Allobroges, so-great a thing,

would-have-been-trusted

a Lentulo que
by Lentulus et
both

ceteris domesticis hostibus, tarn and by the other domestic enemies, so

dementer
madly

to

ignotis unknown

et and

barbaris,
to

barbarous (foreign persons),

que
and
nisi
anless

litterae
the letters

profecto
indeed

numquam
never

commissse essent,
would-have-been-entrusted,

consilium
audaciae
audacity

ereptum esset
a
by

huic
from
this

counsel (discretion) might-have-been-snatched-away

tantae
so-great

immortalibus
the immortal

Diis.
Gods.

Vero quid
But

what

ut
(why
shall I mention)
?

homines
men

Galli,
Gauls,

ex
our-of

civitate
a state

that

male pacata, quae una

ill

gens restat, quae videatur

which

appeased,

which

one (only) nation remains,

may-seem

et
both

posse
to be-able

et and

non

nolle

not to be-unwilling to

facere bellum Romano make war to the Roman

and
of the most-ample

populo, negligerent
people,

spem
the hope

imperii et amplissimarum
of empire

should-neglect

rerum
things

ultro oblatam
willingly
offered
to

sibi

a patriciis hominibus,
patrician

themselves by

men,

que anteponerent vestram

and
should-prefer

salutem
safety

suis
to their-own

opibus
powers:

your

putatis

id

non
not

factum esse
to

divinitus
divinely
?

praesertim
especially

do you-think that

have-been-done

tacendo. qui superarent nos non pugnando, sed *ho might-overcome us not by fighting, bul oy keeping-silence.
10.

Quamobrem,
Wherefore,

Quirites, Romans,

quoniam
since

supplicatio
a thanksgiving

decreta est
has bi en-decreed

ad
to (at)

omnia pulvinaria,
all

celebratote
celebrate

the cushions (temples),

illos
those

dies
days

cum
with

vestris your

conjugibus
wives

liberis. and children

ac

Nam
Far

8*

90
ssepe
often

TERTIA ORATIO
multi many
immortal

justi
just

honores
honours

habiti sunt
have-been-held

ac
and

debiti
due

mimortalibus Diis,
Id the

sed profecto
but

numquam
never

justiores.
more-just

Gods,

indeed

Enim
(than these).

erepti
being-snatched

ex
out-of

crudelissimo
the most-cruel

ac
and

For

nriserrimo
most-wretched

interitu,
destruction,

et and

erepti
being-snatched

sine
without

caede,
slaughter,

sine
without

sanguine,
blood,

sine
without

exercitu,
an army,

sine
without

dimicatione,
fighting,

togati
(you) wearing-the-toga

vicistis, have-conquered,

me
me

uno
one
(person)

togato

duce
Quirites, Romans,
eas,
those,

wearing-the-toga (being) leader

et and

imperatore.
commander.
civiles
the civil

Etenim
For

recordamini,
you-recollect,

omnes
all

dissensiones,
disagreements,

neque
nor (and not)

solum
only

quas

audistis, which you have-heard,

sed
but

et and

(also)

has,
these,

quas
which

vosmetipsi
you-yourselves

meministis
have-remembered

et and
:

vidistis.
have-seen.

L. Sulla oppressit
L. Sulla

P. Sulpicium
P. Sulpicius
:

oppressed (destroyed)

ex ejecit he cast-out out-of

urbe
the city

C.

Marium, custodem hujus

C. Marius,

urbis,
city,

que partim
and
partly

the keeper

of this

ejecit
cast-out

ex
out-of

civitate,
the state,

partim interemit multos fortes

partly

slew

many
his

bold

viros. men.

Cn. Octavius,
Cn. Octavius,

consul,
the consul,

expulit
expelled

suum collegam
colleague

ex

urbe

armis
by arms

omnis
all

hie
this

locus
place

redundavit
has-overflowed

out-of the city

acervis
(abounded) with heaps

corporum
of bodies

et and

sanguine
with the blood

civium.
of citizens.

Postea
Afterwards

Cinna cum Mario superavit:

Cinna
with

Marius

overcame (got the upper hand)

viris

vero
but

turn,
then,

clarissimis
the most-famous

interfectis,
being-slain,

lumina
the lights

men

civitatis
*f the state

exstincta sunt.
were-extinguished.

Fostea
Afterwards

Sulla
Sulla

ultus est
revenged

MARCI TULLII CICEROXIS.

crudelitateni
the cruelty

91
est
is-it

hujus
of this

victoriae
victory

neque
nor

quidem
indeed

opus
et and

dici, necessary to be-said,

quanta
with how-great

diminutione
diminution

civium,
of citizens,

quanta
with how-great

calamitate
calamity

reipublicae.
of the republic.

M. Lepidus
31.

Lepidus

dissensit
dissented

a
from

clarissimo
the most-famous

et and

fortissimo
most-brave

viro,

man,

Q. Catulo:
Q. Catulus

interitus
the destruction

ipsius
of himself

attulit brought

non luctum
not
grief

reipublicae
to the republic

tarn,
so (so

quam
much),
as

ceterorum.
of the rest.

(did the destruction)

illae

Atque
And
of this-sort,

tamen
however

omnes
all

dissensiones
disagreements

erant
were

those

hujusmodi,

Quirites, Romans,

quae
which

pertinerent
might-pertain

non
not

ad
to

rempublicam
the republic

delendam,
to be-destroyed,
:

sed
but

ad
to

(the republic)

commutandam
to

illi

voluerunt non nullam rempublicam

wished
not

be-changed:

they

no

republic

esse, sed
to be,

se

esse principes in
chiefs in

ea
thai,

quae
-tvhich

but (they wished) themselves to be

:

esset

neque
nor (did they wish)

banc urbem conflagrare, sed

this

might-be:

city

to be-on-fire,

but

se
themselves
illse

florere
to flourish

in hac urbe.
in
this
city.

Atque tamen omnes

And
quassivit
sought
yet
all

dissensiones,
disagreements,

nulla
no-one

quarum
of

exitium
the destruction

those

which

reipublicae, fuerunt ejusmodi,

of the republic,

ut

dijudicatae sint

were

of that-sort,

that they

may have-been-settled
internecione
by the slaughter

non
pot

reconciliatione
by a reconciliation

concordiae,
of concord,

sed
but

civium.
of citizens.

Autem
But

in
in

hoc
this

maximo
greatest

que
and

crudelissimo
most-cruel

bello unc post alone after war

memoriam bominum, bellum quale

(since)

the

memory

of

men,

a war

like-as

nulla
do

barbaria
barbarous-country

umquam
ever

gessit
carried-on

cum sua
with
its

gente,
natioD,

92
in
in

TERTIA 0RATI0 quo

which

bello war

hsec
this

lex
law

fuit was

constituta
appointed

a
by

Lentulo,
Lentulus,

Catilina,
Catiline,

Cassio,
Cassius,

Cethego,
Cethegus,

ut
that

omnes, qui
all,

possent
be-able

who might

esse salvi,
to

urbe
the city (being)

salva,
safe,

hi
these

ducerentur
should-be-led

be

safe,

(deemed)
ila,
so,

in
in

numero
the

hostium;
of the enemies
;

gessi

me
omnes
all

number

I have-borne (conducted) myself

Quirites, Romans,

ut
that

conservaremini
you might-be-preserved

salvi
safe,*

et and

cum
when

vestri
your

hostes
enemies

putassent
might-have-thought

tantum
so-much

civium
of citizens

superfuturum,
about-to-survive,

quantum
as

restitisset might-have-remained

infinitae from infinite

C9$di,
slaughter, (and)

autem tantum
but

urbis,
of the city,
:

quantum flamma
as

so-much

the flame

potuisset
might-have-been-able

non
not

obire

servavi
I have-kept

et
both

brbem
the city

to-go-over:

et and

cives
the citizens

integros que incolumes.

entire

and

safe.

11. Pro quibus

For
which

tantis
so-great

rebus, Quirites, ego postulo

things,

Romans,

require

nullum praemium
no
reward

virtutis
of virtue

a
from

vobis,
you,

nullum insigne
no

mark

honoris,
of honour,

nullum monumentum
no

laudis,
of praise,

praeterquam
except

monument

sempiternam memoriam hujus

the eternal

diei.
day.

Ego
I

volo
wish

omnes
all

memory

of this

meos triumphos, omnia ornamenta honoris, monumenta

my
gloriae,
of glory,

triumphs,

all

ornaments

of honour,

monuments
collocari
to be-placed

insignia
marks

laudis
of praise

condi
to be-hid (treasured)

et and

in
in

vestris
your

animis.
minds.

Nihil
Nothing

mutum
dumb
nihil
nothing

potest
is-able

delectare
to delight

me,
me,

nihil
nothing

taciturn,
silent,

denique,
finally,

hujusmodi,
of this-sort,

quod
which

etiam
*ven

minus
less

digni
worthy
(persons)

possint may be-able

assequi.
to attain,

MARCI TULLII CICERONIS.

Nostra
Our
res,
things
(affairs),

93
vestra
in

Quirites, Romans,

alentur
shall-be-cherished

your

memoria,
memory,

crescent
shall-increase

sermonibus,
in discourses,

inveterascent
shall grow-old

et and

corroborabuntur
shall be-strengthened

monumentis
in the

liter arum
of letters;

que
and

monuments

intelligo
I understand
(feel

eandern
convinced)
this

diem,
day,

quam
which

spero
I hope

same

fore
to be-about-to-be

seternam, propagatam
eternal,

et
both

ad
to

salutem
the safety
;

propagated

urbis,
of the city,

et and

ad memoriam
to

the

memory
cives
citizens

of

mei my

consul atus
consulship;

que
and

uno
at one

tempore
time

duos
two

extitisse
to have-existed

in
in

hac
this

republica,
republic,

alter
the other (one)

quorum
of

terminaret
should bound

fines
the limits

whom

vestri
of your

imperii
empire

non
not

regionibus
by the regions

terrge,
of the earth,

sed
but

coeli
of heaven
;

alter
the other

servaret

domicilium
the-abode

que sedem
and
seat

should-preserve

ejusdem
of the

imperii.
empire.

same

12. Sed,
But,

quoniam
since

fortuna
the fortune

atque conditio earum

and
est
is

condition

of those

rerum
things

quas
which

ego
I

gessi,
have-carried- on

non
not

eadem,
the same,
;

quae
which

illorum
(that is) of those

qui who

gesserunt
have-carried-on

externa bella
foreign

quod
because

wars

sit
it

vivendum
to be-lived

may-be
vici

mihi to me

cum
(I

his
those

must
;

live)

with

quos whom
(their)

ac
and

subegi

isti

reliquerunt
have-left
:

I have-conquered

have subdued;

those

hostes
enemies

aut
either

interfectos aut oppressos

slain

or

oppressed:
si
if

est vestrum, it-is your

(duty),

Quirites, Romans,

providere,
to provide,

sua
their

facta
deeds

prosunt
profit

ceteris,
vO others,

ne
lest

mea
mine

quando
at-any-time

obsint
may-injure

mihi.
to

Enim
Fei

me.

94
ego
I

TERTIA 0RATI0
providi
have-provided

ne
lest

sceleratae
the wicked

ac
and

Lefariae
nefarious

mentes
minds
(intentions)

audacissimorum
of the most-daring

hominum
men

possent
might be-able

nocere vobis; est vestrum

to

providere ne
to provide
lest

noceant
they may-hurt

hurt

to

you;

it-is

your (duty)

mihL
to

Quamquam,
Although,

Quirites,
E-omans,

potest
it

noceri
to be-hurt

me.

is-able

mihi ipsi
to

nihil
nothing
(not at all)

quidem
indeed

jam
now
est
there- is

ab
by

istis.
those.

myself

Eniin
(These persons can do

magnum
a great

me no
in

injury.)

For

presidium
guard
(protection)

in bonis,

quod

est
is

comparatum
provided

good (men), which

mihi
tome

in
unto

perpetuum
perpetual
(time):

magna
great

dignitas
dignity

in
in

republicu,
the republic,

quae
which

tacita
silent

semper
always

defendet
will

me:
me:

defend

magna
great

est
is

vis
the force

cqnscientiae,
of consciousness,

quam
which (those)

qui who

negligent,
shall-neglect,

cum

volent when they shall-wish

se. themselves

violare
to do-violence-to

me,

ipsi me, themselvet

indicabunt
will-discover

Etiam
(will

is

expose themselves).

Also

that

animus
mind

est
is

in
in

nobis,
us (me),

Quirites, Romans,

ut
that

non
not

modo
only

cedamus
we may-yield

audacise
to the

audacity

nullius, (person), of no

sed
but

etiam
also

lacessamus
we may-assail

semper
always

ultro
willingly

omnes
all

improbos.
the dishonest.

Quod
But-if

si

omnis
every

impetus
attack

domesticorum
of domestic

hostium
enemies

depulsus
driven-off

a
from
erit

vobis,
you,

convertit
turns

se
itself

in upon

me unum
me
one

providendum
to

(alone)

it

will-be

be-provided

vobis, Quirites, to you (by you), Romans,

velitis

qua
in

conditione
condition

posthac
hereafter

eos

esse
to

what

you may wish those

be

qui who

MAItCI TULLII CICERONIS.

obtulerint
may-have-offered

95

se
themselves

invidise tz envy

que omnibus periculia

and
to all

dangers

pro vestra salute.

for

Quid quidem
"What
indeed

est
is-there

quod

possit

your

safety.

which may-be-ablti

jam
now
vitse,
of
life,

acquiri
to be-acquired

mihi
for

ipsi myself

ad
to (for)

fructum
the fruit (enjoyment)

prsesertim
especially

cum videam
when
I may-see

neque
neither

quidquam
any
gloria:
(thing)

altius
higher

in
in

vestro
your

honore,
honour,

neque
nor

in
in

virtutis,
of virtue,

the glory

quo
whither

quidem
indeed
it

libeat
may-be-pleasing

mihi tome

adscendere
to

ascend?

Perficiam
I will-complete

illud
this

profecto,
indeed,

Quirites, Romans,

ut
that (being)

privatus
a private
(person)

tuear
I may-defend

atque
and

ornem
I may-adorn

ea
those
si
if

quae
(things)

gessi
I carried-on

in
in

consulatu:
(my)
consulship:

ut,
that,

qua
any

which

invidia
envy

suscepta est
has-been-taken-up

in
in

republica
the republic

conservanda,
to be-preserved

(in

preserving the republic),

it

lsedat may-hurt

invidos,
the envious,
it

valeat
may-avail

mihi to me

ad
to

gloriam.
glory.

Denique,
Finally,

tractabo
I will-handle

(conduct)

me
myself

ita
so

in
in

republica,
the republic,

ut
that I

meminerim
may-have-remembered

semper quae
(may remember) always
what
(things)

gesserim,
I may-have-carried-on,

que
and

curem
I

ut

ea
these (things)

videantur
may-seem

gesta esse
to have-been-carried-on

may

take-care that

virtute
by virtue

non
not

casu.
by accident.

Vos, Quirites, quoniam

You,

est
it-is

Romans,

since

jam
now
urbis
jity

nox,
night,

veneramini ilium Jovem, custodem

worship
that
Jupiter,

hujus
of this

the keeper

ac
and
et.

vestrum, atque discedite in vestra tecta

of you,

and

depart

into

your

roofs

quamquam periculum
although

est
is

jam
now

depulsum,
driven-away,

houaes)

and,

danger

96

TERTIA
defendite
defend

OfLATIO, ETC.

tamen
ye

ea,
them,

seque
equally

ac
and
(as)

prion
on the formtt

nocte,
Mght,

custodiis
with guards

que
and
sit

vigiliis. with watches.

Providebo,
I will-provide,

Quirites, Romans,
diutius
longer

ne
lest

id
that

faciendum
(that that

may-be

may

not be)

to

be-done

vobis, atque to you (by you), and

ut
that

possitis esse you may-be-able to be

ia
ia

perpetua
perpetual

pace.
peace.

QUARTA ORATIO

THE FOURTH ORATION

HABITA IN SENATU.

HELD IN THE SENATE.

1.

Conscripti
Conscript

patres,
fathers,

video
I see

ora
the countenances

atque
and

oeulos
the eyes

vestruni
of

omnium
all

esse
to

con versos
turned

in
unto

me:
me;

you

be

video
I see

vos
you

esse
to be

sollicitos
solicitous

non
not

solum
only

de
concerning

vestro
your
si
if

perieulo
danger

ac
and
(that)

reipublicse,
of the republic,

verum etiam,
but
also,

id
that

depulsum
voluntas
good-will

sit,

de
concerning

meo
my
to

perieulo.
danger.

Vestra
Your

may-have-been-driven-off,

erga
towards

me
me

est
is

jucunda mihi in malis,

pleasant

me

in

evils (dangers),

et and

grata
grateful

in
in

dolore
grief:

sed,
but,

quaeso
I pray

per
by

immortales
the immortal

deos,
gods,

deponite
put-down
(lay aside)

earn,
it,

atque
and

obliti

having-forgotten of

meae my

salutis,
safety,

cogitate
think

de
concerning

vobis
yourselves

ac

de vestris and concerning your

consulatus
of the consulship

liberis.
children.

Si
If

haec
this

conditio
condition

quidem
indeed

data est

mihi,

ut
that

perferrem
I should-bear

omnes
all

acerbitates,
bitternesses,

has-been-given to me,

omnes
all

dolores
griefs

que
and

cruciatus,
torments,

feram
I will-b^ar

non
(them)
not

solum
}nly

fortiter,
boldly,

sed etiam libenter,

but

d'-mmodo dignitas
provided-that
dignity

even

willingly,

(W)

98
que
and

QUARTA 0RATI0
salus
safety

pariatur

may-be-produced by

meis my
am

laboribus
labours
ille

vobis
to

que
and

you

Romano
to the

populo.
people.

Ego sum
I

consul,
consul,

conscript!
conscript

Roman
cui
to

that

patres,
fathers,

non
not

forum,
the forum,

in
in

quo
which

omms
all

tequitas
equity

whom

continetur;
is-contained;

non
not

campus,
the plain
;

consecratus
(Campus Martius),
consecrated

consularibus
to

auspiciis
auspices;

non
;

curia,

sammum
the highest

consular

not the council-house,

auxilium
aid

omnium gentium
of all
;

non
not (my)

domus,
house,

commune
the

nations;

common
rest;

perfugium
refuge;

non
not

lectus,
(my)
bed,

datus
given

ad
to
(for)

quietem

denique, non haec sedes honoris

finally,

not

this

seat

fuit of honour has-been

insidiis. from snares.

umquam vacua
ever
free

periculo
from danger

mortis
of death

atque
and

Ego
I

tacui
have-kept-silent

multa, many (things),

(things),

pertuli
I

have-borne

multa, many (things),

(things)

concessi
I have-yielded

multa, many
dolore,
grief
si
if

sanavi
I have-cured

multa
many
in

quodam
with some

meo
my-own

vestro timore.
your
fear.

Nunc,
Now,

(with some pain to myself), in (amid)

immortales
the immortal

dii gods

voluerunt
have- wished

tunc esse exitum

this

xnei
of

to be

the issue

my

consulatus,
consulship,

ut
that

eriperem
I might-snatch-out (rescue)

vos, conscript.
you,
conscript

patres, que
fathers,

Romanum populum
the

ex
out-of

miser&
wretched

crede,
slaughter,

and

Roman

people

conjuges,
(your)
wives,

que
and

vestros
your

liberos,
cMldren,

que
and

vest-ales
the vestal

virgines
virgins

ex
out-of

acerbissima vexatione;
the most-bitter

templa
the temples

atquo
and

vexation;

delubra, hanc pulcberrimam patriam nostrum

Bhrines,
this

omnium
all

most-beautiful

country

of us

ex
out-of

foedissima flamma;
the foulest

totam
the whole

Italiam
Italy

ex
out-of

bello
war

flame

HARCI TULLII CICERONIS.

et and

99
mini to me
induced

vastitate
devastation

quaecunque fortuna
whatever
fortune
si
if

proponetur
shall be-proposed

uni.
alone,

subeatur.
maybe-undergone.

Etenim
For

P. Lentulus, inductus
P. Lentulus,

a vatibus, putavit
by prophets, thought

suum nomen
his

fore

fatale

name

to be-about-to-be ordained-oy-fate

ad
to

perniciem
the destruction

reipublicae,
of the republic,

cur why

ego

laeter

non
not

may-I-rejoice

meum
my

consulatum
consulship

extitisse
to have-existed

prope
almost

fatalem
ordained-by-fate

ad
to

salutem
the safety

reipublicae

of the republic?

2.

Quare,
Wherefore,

conscripti
conscript

patres,
fathers,

consulite
consult

vobis
for yourselves

prospicite
look
to

patriae, your country,

conservate
preserve

vos,
yourselves,

conjuges,
wives,

liberos,
children,

que vestras fortunas, defendite

and
your
fortunes,

nomen
the

que
and

defend

name

salutem
safety

Romani
of the

populi: desinite parcere mihi,

people
cease
to spare

ac
and

Roman

to ine,

eogitare
to

de
concerning

me.
me.

Nam primum
For
first

debeo
I ought

sperare
to

think

hope

omnes
all

deos,
the gods,

qui who

praesident
preside-over

huic
to this

urbi,
city,

esse
to be

relaturos
about-to-return

gratiam
the favour

mihi tome
quid

pro
according-to

eo
that

ac mereor:
as

I deserve:

deinde
then (in the next place)

si
if

obtigerit,

moriar
shall-die

any (thing) shall-have-befallen, I

aequo

que parato animo. Enim neque turpis mors

mind.

with an equal and prepared

For

neither

a base

death

potest accidere
is-able
to

forti
to

happen

a brave

viro, man,

neque immatura
nor

an immature

(death)

consulari,
to

nee
nor
ille

misera
ferreus,
iron (person),

sapienti.

a consular (man),

a wretched (death) to a wise

| (man*

Nee
Not

tamen sum ego

yet

am

that

qui movear non who may-be-moved noi

moerore
by the sorrow

carissimi
of (my) dearest

atque
and

amantissimi
most- loving

fratris
brothei

: :

100
praesentis,
being-present,

QUARTO ORATIO
que
and

lacrymis
by the tears

omnium horum,
of all
these,

a
by

quibus
-whore

videtis you see

me
me

circumsessum.
surrounded.

Neque
Neither (my)

exanimata uxor
fainting wife

revocat
calls-back

non
not

ssepe
often

meam mentem domum,

my
mind
home, (and)

filia

daughter

abjecta

metu,
fear,

cast-down with

parvulus filius, quern respubliea et and (my) very-little son, whom the republic

videtur mini amplecti seems to me to embrace

tamquam obsidem
as-if

a hostage (pledge)

of

mei my

consulatus
consulship:

neque
nor
diei, day,

ille that

gener,
son-in-law,

qui who

exspeetans
awaiting

exitum
the issue

hujus
of this

adstat
stands-near

in
in

meo
my
in

eonspectu.
sight.

Moveor
I

omnibus
by aH

his
these

rebus,
things,

sed

earn
that

partem,
part,

am-moved

but unto

ut

that they

sint may-be

omnes
all

salvi
safe

vobiscum,
with you,

etiamsi
even-if

aliqua
some
et
illi

vis
violence

oppressent
may-have-oppressed

me,
me,

potius
rather

quam
than

both they

et and

nos pereamus
we
may-perish

una
together

eum
with

republiea.
the republic.

Qua re, Wherefore,

reipublicoe

conscripti patres, incumbite ad

conscript
fathers,

salutem
the safety

apply

to

of the republic

circumspicite omnes procellas, quae impendent,

look-around-upon
all

the storms,

which

hang-over

(threaten),

nisi
unless

providetis
you provide.

Non
Not

Tib. Gracchus,
Tib. Gracchus

qui who

voluit
wished

fieri
to

iterum tribunus
again
tribune

plebis

non C. Gracchus,
not

be-made

of the people:
:

C.Gracchus,

non L. Saturninus, qui conatus est concitare agrarios L. Saturninus, not the agrarians to excite who endeavoured
:

qui who

occidit
slew

C.

Memmium,
Memmius,

adducitur
is-brought

in
into

aliquod
some

C.

discrimen,
distinction

atque
and
Ii

m
into

judicium
the

vestrae
of your

(controversy),

judgment

severitatis.
severity.

tenentur,
are-held,

Those

qui who

restiterunt
have-remained

Romae,
at Rooiq

: ; :

MARCI TULLII C.CERONIS.

ad
to
(for)

101.

incendium
the conflagration

urbis,
of the city,

ad
to

vestrara
your

caedem
slaughter

omnium,
of
all (for

ad
you

Catilinam accipiendum
Catiline
to be-received

the slaughter of

all), to (for)

litterae,
the letters,

signa,
seals,

manus,
hand,
;

denique
finally

confessio
the confession

uniuscujusque
of each

tenentur
are-held;

Allobroges
the Allobroges
;

sollicitantur
are-solicited;

ervitia
the slaves

excitantur
are-excited
;

Catilina arcessitur
Catiline
is-sent-for
;

id
that

consilium
counsel

initum

est,

ut,
that,

omnibus
all

interfectis,
being-slain,

nemo
no- one

has-been-entered-into,

relinquatur
may- be-left

ne quidem
not-even

ad

nomen
name

reipublicae
of the republic

to (for) the

deplorandum,
to be-deplored,

atque
and

ad
to (for)

calamitatem
the calamity

tanti
of so-great

imperii
an empire
3.

lamentandam.
to

be-lamented.

Indices
The informers

detulerunt
have-brought (reported)

omnia
all

hsee,
these (things),

rei
the accused

confessi sunt
have-confe?sed (them);

vos
you

jam
already

judicastis
have-judged

multis (them) by many

(have given) thanks

judiciis : judgments:

prim urn,
first,

quod
because

egistis you acted

gratia s mihi singularibus verbis

tome

in singular

words

(in

extraordinary

et
terms): and

conjurationem decrevistis a conspire you decreed (decided)

esse

r^ditorum
lo?

hominum patefacta^
(abandoned)

mea
my

virtute atque
virtue

men

to

have-been-exposea by

and

diligentia,:
diligence

deinde
then

quod
because

coegistis
you-forced

P. Lentulum,
P. Lentulus,

ut
that

abdicaret
he should-abdicate

se
himself

praetura:
from the praetorship
:

turn
then

quod
because

censuistis
you voted

eum,
him,

de quibus judicastis, et ceteros, and the others, concerning whom you judged,
:

dandos
to

in
int-^

custodiam
custody
:

que maxime
and
mostty
(especially)

quod
because

be-giveA

::

102

QUARTA ORATIO

decievistis supplicationem
you decreed
a thanksgiving

meo nomine,
in

qui
which

honos
honour

my

name,

habitus est
has-been-held

nemini
to

togato

ante

me
me

postremo
lastly,

no-one wearing-the-toga before

hesterno die dedistis amplissima praemia

on yesterday

legatis
to the

you gave

most ample

rewards

ambassadors

Allobrogum,
of the Allobroges,

que
and

Tito
to Titus

Vulturcio.
Vulturcius.

Omnia
All

quae
which

sunt
(things)

ejusmodi,
of this-sort,

ut
that
those,

are

qui who

dati sunt
have-been-given

nominatim
by-name

in
into

eustodiam,
custody,

videantur
may-seem

sine
without

uim
any

dubitatione
doubt
to

damnati esse
have-been-condemned

a
by

vobis
you.

Sed
But

ego
I

institui
have-determined

referre
to refer

ad
to

vos,
you,

eonscripti
conscript

patres,
fathers,

tamquam integrum,
as-if

et an entire (anew matter), both

quid
what

judicetis
you may -judge

de
concerning

facto,
the deed,

et and

quid
what

censeatis
you may-vote
ilia,

de
concerning

poena;
the punishment;

praedicam
I will-previously-say

quae sunt
which
are

those (things),

consulis.
(the business) of a eonsul.

Ego videbam jampridem magnum

I

did see

long-since

great

furorem
madness

versari
to be- engaged
(to

m
be prevalent)
in

republica,
the republic,

et and

quaedam
some

nova mala
new
evils

misceri
to

et

concitari
to be-excited

sed
but

be-mingled and

nunquam
never

putavi
I thought

hane
this

tantam,
so-great,

tarn
so

exitiosam
destructive

conjurationem
conspiracy

haberi
to be-held

a
by

civibus.
citizens.

Nunc, quidquid
Now,
whatever

est,
it-is,

quocunque
whither-soever

vestrse
your

mentes
minds

atque
and

sententiae
opinions

inclinant,
Incline,

est
it-is

statuendum
to

vobis
to

ante noctem,
night
sit
(reported}

be-determined

you (by you) before

Videtis Coatee

quantum

facinus

delatum

how-great a daring-deed

may have-been- brought

MARCI TULLII CICERONIS.

ad vos:
to

103
huic,
this,

si
if

putatis paucos esse

you think
few
to be

affines

you:

bordering (accessary) to

erratis you err

latius

vehementer.
violently.

Hoc malum
This
evil

disseminatum

est

has-been disseminated

opinione
than opinion (than
is

manavit
supposed)
:

nor
not

more-widely

it

has- flowed

solum per
only

Italia m,
Italy,

verum etiam transcendit

but

Alpes,
the Alps,

through

eYen

has-passed-over

et and

serpens
creeping

obscure,
obscurely,

jam
already

occupavit
has-occupied

multas
many

provincial.) Id nullo pacto potest provinces. .--J That by no agreement (means) is-able

opprimi
to

be-oppressed

Bustentando
by supporting

ac
and

prolatando.
by deferring.

Quacunque
In whatever

ratione
reason

placet,
(manner)
it

est
it-is

vindicandum vobis
to

celeritir.
quickly.

pleases,

be-punished

to

you ;by you)

4.

Video
I see

duas sententias
two
opinions

esse
to be

adhuc;
hitherto
(that there are

unam
hitherto two opinions);

D.

Silani,

one

of D. Silanus,

qui who

censet,
votes,

eos
those

qui conati sunt who have-endeavoured

delere
to destroy

li^ec

esse multandos
to be-lined

these (things) to be

morte
(punished)

alteram
:

C. Caesaris,
of C. Ccesar,

with death

the other

qui removet who removes

acerbitates
the bitterness

poenam
the penalty

mortis,
of death,

amplecitur
embraces

omnes
all

ceterorum suppliciorum. Uterque versatur in

of other

summa
the highest

punishments.

Each

is-engaged

in

severitate
severity

et
both

pro
for (according to)

sua
his-own

dignitate,
dignity,

et and

pro
for

magnitudine
the greatness

rerum.
of things.

Alter
The other

putat
(the one) thinks
(it)

oportere
to

behove

non
Dot

eos
those

qui
who

conati sunt
have-endeavoured

privare
to deprive

nos
us

omnes,
all,

qui who (have endeavoured

Romanum
to deprive) the

populum
people

vita
with
life

Romun

(of life),

qui who

delerj
(have attempted)
to destroy

imperium,
the empire,

qui wh*

iU4
exstinguere
to extinguish

QUARTA 0RATI0

nomen
the

Romani
of the

populi,
people,

frui
to enjoy

vitfl,

name

Roman

with

life

et and

hoc
with this

cominuni
common
moment)

spiritu
Sreath (the air breathed by us
all)

punctum temporis:
a point
of time (a

atque recordatur hoc genus

:

and

calls-to-mind

this

kind

poense
of punishment

usurpatum esse
to

ssepe
often

in
in

Mc
this

republics
republic

have-been-used

in
against

improbos
dishonest

cives.
citizens.

intelligit The other understands

Alter

mortem non
death

no

1
,

constitutam esse
to

a
by

immortalibus
the immortal

have-been-appointed

diis gods

causa
for-the-sake

supplicii,

sed

esse
to be

aut
either

necessitatem
a necessity

naturae,
of nature,

aut
or

of punishment, but

quietem laborum ac miseriarum.

a rest
of labours

Itaque
Therefore

sapientes
wise (men)

and

of miseries.

numquam
never

inviti,
unwillingly,

fortes
the bold

etiam
even

ssepe
often

libenter
willingly

oppetiverunt earn.
have-undergone
it.

Vero
But

vincula, et
bonds,

ea

sempiterna,
eternal

and those

certe
Tor
life),

inventa sunt
have-been-invented

ad
to
(for)

singularem
the singular

certainly

poenam

nefarii

sceleris.
crime.

Jubet
He
res
thing

dispertiri

punishment of nefarious

orders (them) to be-distributed

municipiis.
Co

Ista
That
velis
thou-mayest-wish

videtur
seems
;

habere
to

the municipal-towns.

have

miquitatem,
Injustice,

si
if

imperare
to

difficultatem,
difficulty,

command
si
if

(it)

si
if

rogare:
to

tamen
:

decernatur,
let-it-be-decreed,

placet.
it

ask

(it)

yet

pleases

(you).

Enim ego suscipiam,

For
I

et,

ut
as

spero s
I hope,

will-take-up (will take upon myself),

and,

reperiam,
tvill-find

(those),

qui putent who may think

id,
that,

esse
(it)

non

suae

to be

not (the part) of their

dignitatis
dignity

recusare
to refuse

quod
which

statueritis you shall-have-appointcd

causa
for-the-sake

salutis
>f the safety

omnium.
of all.

Adjungit
He
adjoins

gravem
a heavy

MAKCI TULLII CICERONIS.

poenam
punishment

105
si
if

municipibus,
to the inhabitants of the

quia
any-one

municipal towns,

eorum
of

ruperit
(the conspirators)

vincula
the bonds (escaped):

them

shall-have-broken

circumdat
he places-around

horribiles custodias,
dreadful

guards,

et and

sancit
sanctions
(things)

digna
possit

scelere

perditorum
of lost (abandoned)

hominum, ne
men,
lest

quia
any-one

worthy with the crime

levare
to lighten the

poenam

may-be-able

punishment of those,

eorum, quos condemnat, whom he condemns,

aut
either

per
through

senatum, aut
the senate,
or

per
through

populum.
the people.

Etiam
Also (even)

eripit
Ire

spem,
hope,

quae
which

sola

solet

consolari
to console

snatches-away

alone is-aceustomed

hominem
a

in miseriis.
in

Praeterea,
Besides,

jubet
he orders
(their)

bona
goods

man

miseries.

publicari:
to be-confiscated

relinquit
he leaves

vitam
life

solam
alone

nefariis
to the nefarious

hominibus
men

quam
which

si
if

eripuisset, he might-have-snatched-away,

ademisset
he would-have taken-away

multas
many

peenas
punishments

animi
of

atque
and

mind

corporis, et
of body,

omnes
all

scelerum,
of crimes,

uno
by one

dolore.
pain.

and

(the punishments)

Itaque,
Therefore,

ut
that
illi

aliqua formido
some
dread

esset
might-be

posita

improbis
supplicia
punishments

placed to the dishonest

in vita,
in
life,

antiqui
ancients

voluerunt
wished

quredam
some
inipiis impious

those

^usmodi
cf that-sort

esse
to

constitute
appointed

apud
with

be

to the

(among)

inferos
the shades- below:

videlicet,
that-is-to-say,

quod
because

intelligebant,
they did-understand,

b*s

remotis,

mortem ipsam non

death
itself

esse pertimescendam.
to be

these being-removed,

not

to be-feared.

5.

Nunc, conscripti patres, ego video quid

Now,
conscript
fathers,

intersit
it

see

what

may-interes*

rae&.
with mine (how

Si

much

it

may be to my interest).

If

secuti eritis you shall-ha re-followed

106

QUARTA ORATIO
is

Bententiam C. Caesaris, quoniam

the opinion
of C. Caesar,
since

secutus est hanc

has-followed
this

he

viam
way
(way),

in republica;, quae habetur in the republic, which is-held (is accounted)

popularig,
the popular

fortasse
perhaps

populares
popular

impetus
attacks

erunt
will-be

minus
less

pertimeseendi
to be-feared

mihi,
to

hoc
sententiae.
opinion.

auetore

me

(by me), this (person being) the author

et and

cognitore
acknowledger

hujusce
of this

Sin
But-if (you follow)

illam
that

alteram,
other,

nescio
I

an
whether

amplius
more

negotii
of business
(trouble)

know-not

contrahatur mihL may be-contracted for me.

vincat
let (it)

Sed tamen
But
yet

utilitas reipublicas the advantage of the republic.

rationes

meorum
of

periculorum.
dangers.

conquer the reasons (calculations)

my

Enim habemus
For

a
from

C. Ceesare, sicut dignitas

C. Caesar,

ipsius

we have

as

the dignity of himself

et and

amplitudo
the greatness (nobility)

majorum
of the ancestors

ejus
of

postulabat,
did-require,

him

sententiam,
an opinion,

tanquam
as-if

obsidem
an hostage (pledge)
\
*

perpetuae
of (his) perpetual

voluntatis
good-will

in
unto

rempublicam.
the republic.

Intellectum

est,

quid
what

It has-been-undeistood,

intersit
iay be-the-difference

inter
between

levitatem
the levity

concionatorum
of public-speakers

et and

animum
a mind

vere
truly
\

popularem,
popular,

consulentem
consulting

saluti
for the safety

populi.
tff

Video non neminem

I see

de
from

istis
those

the people...

not

no-one (some one)

qui who

volunt
wish

se

haberi
(to

populares,
be accounted)
popular,

abesse,
to be-absent,

themselves to be-held

videlicet,

ne

ferat

sententiam
Is, He,

de

capite
(life)

that-is-to-say, lest he

may-bear an opinion

concerning the head

Romanorum
of

civiimi.
citizens.

nudiustertius,
the-day-before-yesterday,

et
both

Roman

dedit
gav*

Romanos
Roman

cives
citizens

in
into

custodiam,
custody,

et decrevit and decreed

MARCI TULLII CICERONIS.

mihi supplicationem, et hesterno die
to nie

107
indices
the informer!

affecit
affected

a thanksgiving,

and

on-yesterday

maximis
f^rith.

prsemiis.
rewards.

Jam hoc
Now
de
this

est
is

dubium .nemini,
doubtful
to

the greatest

no-one,

quid
qui
who

judicarit

tota
reo,

re
thing

what he may-have-judged concerning the whole

et causa, and cause,

decrevit
has-decreed

custodiam
custody

gratulationem
congratulation

to the accused,

qusesitori,
to the inquirer,

prgemium
reward

indici.
to the informer.

At, vero,
But,
truly,

Caesar
C. Csesar

intelligit understands

Semproniam
the Sempronian

legem
law

constitutam esse
to

have-been-appointed
sit

de
concerning

Romanis civibus; autem qui

Roman
citizens;

hostis
an enemy

but

who may-be

reipublicae,
of the republic,

eum
him

posse
to be-able

nullo
in

modo
manner

esse
to be

civem:
a citizen
:

no

denique,
finally,

latorem
the bearer (maker)

ipsum
himself

Sempronise
of the Sempronian

legis,
law,

dependisse
to

poenas
penalties

reipublicse
to the republic

jussu
by-the-order

populi.
of the people.

have-paid

Idem
non
not

putat largitorem et prodigum Lentulum

the briber

The same (person) thinks

and

prodigal

Lentulus

posse
to be-able

appellari
to be-called

popularem,
belonging-to-tbe-people,

cum
since

cogitarit
he may-have-devised

tarn
so

acerbe
bitterly

que
and

tarn
so

crudeliter
cruelly

de
concerning

pernicie
the destruction

Romani
of the

populi,
people,

exitio
the ruin

Roman

hujus
of this

urbis.
city.

Itaque,
Therefore,

mitissimus
the most-mild

atque
and

lenissimus
most-gentla

homo
man
tc

dubitat
doubts (hesitates)

non mandare P. Lentulum

not
;

(Caesar)

to

commit

P. Lentulus

seternis tenebris
eternal

que vinculis
and
to

darkness

bonds

et sancit in and sanctions unto

posterum,
afrsr (time),

ne
lest

quis
supplicio

possit

jactare
to toss

se
himself
(to

any (person) may-be-able

be officious)

hujus
to

levando,
be lightened
(in lightening his

in the

punishment of him

punishment),

QUARTA 0RATI0
postliac
hereafter
tli.

et
ant

esse
to

popularis
popular

in
in

pernicie
the destruction

Romawi
of the

be

Loinan

poj

Etiam adjungit publicationem bonoruni,

Also

rt
that

peopV.

he adjoins

confiscation

of goods,

ctiaxi
even

egestas
want

ac
and

mendicitas
beggary

consequatur
may-follow

omnes
ail

cruc^atus animi
torments

et corporis. of mind and of body.

6.

Quamobrem,
Wherefore,

sive
whether

statueritis you shall-have-appointed

hoc,
this,

dementis
you will-have-given

mihi to me

comitem

ad

concionem
sive
j

a companion (Caesar) to the public-assembly

carum
dear

atque
and

jucundum
acceptable

populo
to-the-people

or-if

mwaeritis
you
shall-h i^-wished-rather

sequi
to follow

sententiam
the opinion

Silani,
of Silanus,

defendete
you
will-dete*
i

facile
\
\

me
me

atque
and

vos

vituperatione
the blame

bily

yourselves from

crudelitativ t &icL rc
of cruelty,
ux
t

obtinebo
I shall-obtain

earn
(maintain)
it

fuisse
to

have-been

multo levia^r^
by much
ligh*M.

Quamquani, conscripti patres, quae

Although,
conscript
fathers,

what

crudelitas
cruelty

poteV<
is-abl

esse
*

in
in

immanitate
the outrageousness

tanti
of so-great

^-be

sceleris
a crime

puniend%
to be-punishfc^

'

Enim ego
*

judico
judge

de

meo

For

from my-own

sensu.
feeling.

Nam
For

ita
thus
it

)u\ at
miy-w* allowed
eg<5
I,

niihi perfrui
to

vobiscum
with you

me

to

enjoy

salvfi,

republica,
republic,

ut
that

a safe

quod sum vehementior Wcause lam more-vehement

in
in

hac caus&,
this

moveor non
am-moved
not

cause,

*trocitate animi, (enim quis b/ vvuelty of mind, (for who

est mitior
is

me
than

?)
I?,)

sed
but

quadw
by some

singulari humanitate
singular

milder

humanity

et and

misericordia.
mercy.

Enim
For

videox
I seem

mihi
to

videre
to see

hanc
this

myself

urbem,
frity,

lucem
the light

orbis
of the globe

terraintm,
of the e^wls,

atqufc and

aroem
the citadel

; ; ;

MARCI TULLII CICERONIS.

109
incendio
acervos
heaps

omnium gentium,
of
all

subito
suddenly

concidentem uno
falling

nations,

by one conflagration

cerno
T discern
in

animo
in
in

miseros

atque
and
;
;

insepultos
unburied

(my) mind wretched

civium
of citizens

sepulta patria
(my)
buried

aspectus
the appearance

country

et and

furor
fury

Cethegi bacchantis in vestra

of Cethegus

csede
slaughter

versatur
is-engaged (revolved)

revelling

in

your

ante
before

oculos
the eyes

mihi.
to

VVero cum
|

proposui
I have-proposed (represented)

me.

But

when

mihi
to

Lentulum regnantem,
Lentulus
ruling,

sicut
as

ipse
himself

confessus est
confessed

myself

se
himself

sperasse
to

ex
Catilinam
Catiline
to

fatis,
fates,

hunc Gabinium
this

have-hoped out-of (according-to) the

G-abinius

esse
to

purpuratum,
clothed-in-purple,

venisse

cum

exercitu,
(his)

be

have-come with

army,
;
;

turn perhorresco
then
I dread

lamentationem matrumfamilias
the lamentation
of mothers-of-families

turn
then

fugam
the flight

virginum
of virgins

atque
and
;

puerorum,
of boys,

ac
and

vexationem
the harassing

v^stalium
of

virginum
virgins
j

vestal

et and

quia
because

haec
these (things)

videntur
seem

m.'hi
to
iixie

yeliementer
violently

misera atque rniseranda,

wretched

idcirco
on-that-account

and

to be-pitied,

prabeo
I afLrd
^1

me
show)
myself

severum que vehementem

severe

in
against

and
ea.
them.

violent

eos
those
si
if

qui
tvho

voluerunt
have-wished

perficere
to

Etenim qusero
For
I seek (ask)

perform

quis
a \y

paterfamilias,
father-of-a-family,

suis liberis interfectis

his

a servo,
by a
slave,

children

being-slain

uxore
(his) wife

occisa,

domo

incensai,
being-set-on-fire,

sumserit
shall-have-taken

being-killed, (his) house

non
not

quam acerbissimum
as-bitter-as-possible

supplicium
punishment

de
of
(his)

servis
slaves;

utruni
whether

is

videatur
may-seem

esse
to be

clemens
clement

ac
and

misericors,
merciful,

an
01

he

inhumanissimus
most-inhuman

et crudelissimus ? and most-cruel?

Vero
But (he would seem)

mihi to mt

10

110
importunus
importunate
(cruel)

QUARTO ORATIO
ac
and

ferreus
made-of-iron

qui who

lenierit
shall-have-soothed

non
not

suum dolorem que cruciatum

his-own
grief

dolore
by the grief

ac
and

cruciatu
i^rment

and

torment

nocentis.
of (the person) injuring.

Sic
Thus

nos
we

in
in

his
these

hominibus,
men,

qui who

voluerunt
have-wished

trucidare
to slaughter

nos,
us,

qui who (have wished

;
;

to slaughter)

(our)

conjuges, qui nostros liberos wives, who our children

singulas
the several

qui who

conati sunt
have-endeavoured

delere
to destroy

domos uniuscujusque nostrum,

houses
of each -one of us,
;

et and

hoc universum domicilium

this

reipublicae

whole
id,

abode

of the republic;

qui egerunt who have-acted

ut

collocarent
urbis,
city,

gentem
the nation

Allobrogum
of the Allobrogea

(attempted)

this,

that they might-place

in
in

vestigiis
the traces

hujus
of this
:

atque
and

in
in

cinere {sing.)
the ashes

of the

deflagrati imperii consumed empire:

si
if

fuerimus
;

vehementissimi
very-vehement

we-shall-have-been

habebimur
we esse
to be

misericordes
merciful;

sin

voluerimus
crudelitatis, in
cruelty,
in

shall-be-held (accounted)

but-if we-shall-bave-wished

remissiores,
more-remiss,

fama
the report

summae
of the highest

pernicie
the destruction

patriae
of country

que
and

civium,
of citizens,

est
is

subeunda
to

be-undergone
vir,

nobis. \
to us

Nisi, vero, L. Caesar, fortissimus

Unless,
truly,

(by

jus).

L. Cassar,

a most-bold

et man, and

amantissimus reipublicae, visusest cuipiam crudelior,

most-loving
of the republic,

seemed

to

any-one

more-cruel.

cum

dixit
said

virum
the

suae
of his-own

sororis,
sister,

electissimae
a most-select

when he

man (husband)
et and

feminae, woman,
vita
from
life

praesentem
being-present

audientem, esse
hearing,
to be

privandum
to

be-deprived

cum
(of life);

dixit

avum
(his) grand-father

interfectum esse,
to have-been-siain,

when he said

jussu
by order

consulis,
of-the-consul,

que
and

filium
the son

ejus of him

impuberem,
not-being-of-agq

MARCI TrLLII OICBBONIS.

rnissum
bsing-sent

Ill
esse
in
in

legatum
ambassador

a
by

patre,
the father,

necatum
U

nave-been-killed

carcere,
prison.

Quorum quod
Of

simile
like

factum est;?
was-done?

Quod
What
(est)
?

whom

what

thing]

consilium
design

reipublicce
of the republic

delendse
to he-destroyed

initum

was-entsred-intoJ

Voluntas
A ~.sh turn
then
::

largitionis versata est _:n\g -liberally (to-the-people) was-engaged

et

(existei.

in
in

republica,
the republic,

quiedara
Bome

contentio
contentioD

partium.
if parti

and
illo at that

Atque
(of parties).

tempore
time

avus
the grandfather

hnjnta
of this

And
a

Lentuli,
Lentulus,

clarissimus
most-unoos
ille

vir,

armatus
being-armed

perseeutus

man,

est pursued

Gracchura
Gracchus:

etiam turn accepit grave vulnus. ne

also

he

then

received

heavy

wound,

lest

quid
hie
this

minueretur
arcessit
Lentulus)
sends-fur

de
from

summa
the highest

republics.
republic:

any ;ch:ng) nughtr-be-dimioished

Gallos
the Gauls

ad
to
(for)

fundamenta
the foundations

reipublicae
of the republic

evertenda,
to be-overturned,

concitat
excites

servitia,
the slaves,

vocat
cadis

Catilinam,
Catiline,

attribuit
assigns

nos
us

Cethego
to

trucidandos.
to be- slaughtered,

Cethegus

ceteros
the other

civea
citizen;
:

Gabinio
labinina

interficiendos,
j-slaio,

urbem
the city

Cassio
to Cassias

inflammandam,
sct-on-fire,

totam Italiam
the whole
Italj

Catilinie
to Catiline

vastandam
to be-laid-waite

que
tarn
so

diripiendam.
be

Yereamini.
You
shouli-fear,

censeo,
I judge,

ne
lest

in
in

hoc
this

be-plnndered.

immani
outrageous

ac
and

nefando
impious

scelere,
crime,

videamini
you may-seem

statuisse
to

aliquid
something

nimis
toe

severe

cum
when

sit

have-determined

severely j

it-may-be

rerendum
lobe-feared

multo
by much

magis.
more,

ne
le^s

remissione
by permission

pcenae
of ponishmenl

videamur
ne m^y-gecm
to

fuisse
have-been

crudeles
cruel

in
unto

patriam,
the country,

quam
thas

112
ne
lest

QUARTA OBaTIO
severitate
by the severity

animadversionis
of punishment

nimis
too

vehementea
violent

in
against

acerbissimos hostes.
the most-bitter

enemies.

7.

Sed, conscripti patres, possum non dissimulare

But,
conscript
fathers,

I am-ablo

not

to dissemble

ea

quae exaudio.
I hear.

Enim
For

voces

jaciuntur,
are-cast

tho3C (things) which

voices (speeches)

quae
(uttered),

perveniunt
arrive

which

ad meas aures, to my ears,

eorum qui
of those

who

videntur vereri,
seem
to fear,

ut
that

habeam
I may-have

satis praesidii enough of guard

ad
to (for)

ea
those (things)

transigunda
to

quae vos
(for

be-performed

performing those things) which you

statueritis
shall have-determined

hodierno-die.
on-this-day.

Omnia
All
(things)

et
both

provisa sunt,
have-been-foreseen,

et parata, and prepared,

et and

constitute, conscripti
appointed,
curfi,

conscript

patres,
fathers,

cum
when
(as well)

mea summa
by

atque diligentia,
and
diligence,

my

highest

care

turn
then
(as)

etiam
also

multo
by a much

majore
greater

voluntate
wish

Romani
of the

Roman
et and

populi ad
people

summum imperium
empire
(rule)

retinendum,
to be-retained,

to (for) the highest

ad
to (for)

communes
the

fortunas
fortunes

conservandas.
to be-preserved.

Omnes
All

common
of all

homines omnium ordinum,

men
orders,

denique omnium aetatum

finally

of all

ages

adsunt
plena,
full,

forum

est
is

plenum,
full,

templa
the temples

circa
about

forum
the forum

are-present: the forum

omnes
all

aditus
the approaches

hujus loci ac templi pleni

of this

place and

temple

full.

Enim
For

haec causa sola

this

inventa est
has-been-found

post
after

urbem
(since)

cause

alone

the city

conditam,
6eing-founded,

in
in

qua
which

omnes
all

sentirent
might-think

unum
one

atque
and

idem,
the

praeter eos,
(thing),

same

except

those,

qui cum who when

viderent
they might-see
(it)

esse
t?

MAKCI TULLII CICERONIS.

pereundum
to be-perished

115
voluerunt

to (by)

sibi, themselves

(that they

must

perish),

wished

potius perire
rather
to perish

cum omnibus, quam

with
all,

soli.
alone.
:

Ego
I

excipio
except

than

et and

libenter
willingly

secerno
separate

hosce
these
,

homines
men:
in

enirn
for

neque
neither

puto

habendos

numero improborum
number
of dishonest

do-I- think (them) to be-held (accounted) in the

civium, sed in
citizens,

acerbissimorum hostium.
of most-bitter
enemies.

Vero
But

but

the (number)

eeteri,
the rest,

immortales
immortal

qua frequentia,, dii ! quo gods! with what attendance (number), with what
consentiunt ad communera they-agree to the common

studio,
ardour,

qua
with what

virtute
virtue (boldness)
?

dignitatem que salutem

dignity

and

safety
?

Quid ego commemorem hie Why may-I-mention here

concedunt vobis
concede
to

Romanos
the

equites
knights?

Roman

Qui Who

ita
so

summam
the

you

sum

ordinis
(the chief place)
of rank

que
and

consilii,
of counsel,

ut
that
:
:

certent
they may-contend

vobiscum
with-you

de
concerning

amore
love

reipuhlicas
of the republic

quos whom
to

revocatos
being-recalled

ex
out-of

dissensione
a disagreement

multorum annorum ad societatem

of

many

years

the society

que concordiam hujus ordinis,

and
concord
of this

hodiernus dies
this-day
:

order (the senators),

atque
and

hasc
this

causa
cause

conjungit
unites

vobiscum
with you

quam
which
si
if

conjunctionem
union

confirmatam
confirmed

in
in

meo
my

consulatu,
consulship,

tenuerimus
we shall-have-held
vobis,
to
(it)

perpetuam
perpetual

in
in

republica,
the republic,

confirmo
I confirm

nullum
no

civile
civil

ac
and

domesticum
domestic

malum
evil

esse
to

you,

be

rentuium
tbout-to-come

posthac
hereafter

ad ullam partem
to

reipublicae.
of the republic.

any

part

Video tribunos
I see

serarios,
belonging- to-the- treasury (the receivers general^

the tribunes

10*

: :

114
fortissiinos
most-bold

QUARTA 0RATI0
viros

convenisse
to

pari
with like

studiu
ardouf

men
to

have-come-together
;

reipublicas
of the republic

defendendie
be-defended;

item
also

universes
all

scribas
the clerks

quos whom

cum
since

haec
this

dies day

casu
by accident

frequentasset
might-have-collected

ad
to

serarmm,
the treasury,

video
I see

esse
to be

conversos
turned

ab
from

exspectatione
the expectation

sortis
of (their) lot

ad
to

communem
the

salutem.
safety.

Omnis
All

multitude)
the multitude

common

ingenuorum,
of freeborn
(citizens),

etiam
even
est,
is

tenuissimorum,
of the-most-sbnder
(poorest),

adest.
is-present.

Enim
For

quis who

cui

haec templa, aspectus

these

there, to

whom

temples,

the sight

urbis,

possessio

libertatis,
of liberty,

denique haec lux ipsa,

finally

of the city, the possession

this

light

itself,

et and

hoc
this

commune solum
common
dear,
soil

patriae,
of country,

sit

non
not

cum
when
?

may-be

carina, turn
(as well)

vero dulce atque jucundum

sweet

then (as) truly

and

pleasant?

8.

Est pretium operae,

It-is

conscripti patres,
(it is

the price

of labour

worth while), conscript

fathers,

cognoscere
to

studia
(to

know

acquaint yourselves with)

the studies (ardour)

libertinorum hominum,
of the freed-men,

qui sua virtute who by their virtue

judge

consecuti
having-attaiued

fortunam
the fortune

civitatis,
of the state,

judicant hanc esse vere

this

suam
their-own

to-be

truly

patriam
country

quam
which

quidam

nati

hinc,
hence,

some (persons) born

et and

nati

bom

summo
rn

loco,

judicaverunt non esse

have-judged
not
to

suam

the highest place (condition),

be their-own

patriam, sed
country,

urbem hostium. Sed quid ego commemorem

a city
of enemies.

but

But

why

may-I-mention

the

homines hujusce ordinis, quos private fortunae, quos whom private order, fortunes, whom of this men
libertas,
liberty,

communis respublica, quos denique ea

the

quae
which

common

republic,

whom

finally

that

MARCI TULLII CICERONIS.

est
Is

11
patriae
of (their) countr)

dulcissima,
most-sweet,

excitavit
has-excited

ad
to

salutem
the safety

defendendam?
to

Est
There-is

nemo
no-one

be-defended

servus, qui sit a slave, who may-be

mode
onl)

tolerabili
in

a tolerable

conditione servitutis, qui perhorrescat non condition of slavery, who may-dread not
of lost (abandoned)

audaciam perditorum
the audacity

civium, qui citizens, who

cupiat
may-desire

non
not

haec

stare,

these (things) to stand,

qui conferat non tantum voluntatis who may-confer not so-much of good-will
et and
si
if

quantum audet,
as

quantum potest
as

ad
to

communem
the

he dares,

he-is-able

common
est

salutem.
safety.

Quare
Wherefore

forte
by-chance

hoc quod
this

auditum

which

has-been-heard

commovet quern vestrum, quendam lenonem Lentuli

moves
any-one
of you,

a certain

pimp

of Lentulus

concursare
to

circum
around

tabernas,
the shops,

sperantem
hoping

animos
the minda

run-about

egentium
of the needy

atque
and

imperitorum
of the unskilful

posse
to be-able

sollicitari
to be-solicited

pretio
by a price (reward)
;

id
that

quidem
indeed

coeptum
aut
either

(est) has beeu-begun

atque
and

tentatum:
tried:

sed
but

nulli none

inventi sunt
have-been-found

tarn
so

miseri
wretched

fortuna, aut tarn perditi

in fortune,

or

so

lost

voluntate, qui velint (abandoned) in will, who may-wish

sellae

non ilium locum ipsum

not
that

atque operis,
and

el

place

itself

of (their) seat (stall)

of work, and

quotidiani quaestus, qui gaha> who of daily

non suum
(m-cy wish)

cubile
couch

ac
and

not

his

leetulum, denique qui finally who (may little-bed,

cur sum
jourse

non hunc otiosum

wish)

not

this

idle (peaceable

vitae esse life of their to be

suae

salvum. Yero multo

safe.

maxima

But

by much the greatest

oart

pars eorum, qui sunt in in of those, who are

est
is

tabernis,
the shops,

immo vero (enim

yes
truly
(fol

id
that

potius
rather

dicendum) universum hoc genus,

to be- said)

the whole

this

kind

(?lass). r

: :

116
est
.s

QUARTO ORATIO
amantissimum
most-loving
otii.

Etenim omne instrumentum,

For
all

of ease.

the apparatus,

onmis
all

opera,
the labour,

ac
and

qusestus
gain

eorum
of

sustinetur
is-supported
si

them

frequentiS,
by-assemblage

civium,
of citizens,

alitur
is-cherished

otio : by ease

quaestus
the gain

if

quorum
f

solet

minui,

tabernis occlusis, quid

being-shut,

whom

is-aceustomed tobe-diminished, the shops

what

tandem
at-length

est
is

futurum,
ita,

ineensis.

Cum
Since

about-to-be, (the shops) being-set-on-fire.

quae

sint

con scrip ti patres, praesidia

conscript
fathers, the guards (protection)

which (things) may-be thus,

Romani
of the

populi
people

desunt
are-wanting

non vobis
not
to

:
:

providete
foresee

ne
lest

Roman

you

vos videamini
you
9.

deesse

Romano
Roman

populo.
people.

may- seem

to-be-wanting to the

Habetis
You have
et and

consulem
a consul

reservatum
reserved

ex
out-of

plurimis
very-many

peiiculis
dangers

insidiis,
snares,

atque
and

ex
out-of

media morte, no a
middle
death,

not

ad
to
(lor)

suam
his-own

vitam,
life,

sed
but

ad
to (for)

vestram
your

salutem
safety

omnes
all

ordines
orders (ranks)

consentiunt
agree

mente,
in mind,

voluntate,
in will,

studio,
in ardour,

virtute,
in valour,
:

voce
in voice

ad
to
(for)

rempublicam
the republic

conservandam
to

communis patria obsessa

common
country
beset

facibus
with the torches

be-preserved

(your)

telis et and weapons

impise
,)f

conjurationis, supplex tendit

conspiracy,

an impious
:
:

suppliant stretches (her)

manus
hands

vobis
to

commendat
she

vobis
to

sf\
her.-'.-lf,

vobis
to

vitam
the
life

you

commends

you

you

omnium
of all

civium,
the citizens,

vobis
to

arcem
the citadel

et

Capitolium,
the Capitol,

you

and

vobis
io

aras
the altars

Penatium,
of the Penates,

vobis ilium perpetuum

to

ac
ancj

you

you

that

perpetual

Bempiternum
rternal

ignem
fire

Vestse,
of Vesta,

vobis
to

omnia
all

templa
the templei

you

MARCI TULLII CICERONIS.

atque delubra
and
shrines

117

deorum,
of the gods,

vobis muros atque tecta

to

you the walls

and

roofs (houses,

urbis.
of the city.

Praeterea
Besides

est
it is

judicandum
to

vobis
to

be-judged

you

(by you)

hodierno die
on-this-day

de
concerning

vestra
your

vita,
life,

de
concerning

anima
the
life

vestrarum conjugvm
of your

ac
and

liberorum,
children,

de

fortunis

wives

concerning the fortunes

omnium,
of
all,

de
concerning (your)

sedibus,
seats (abodes),

de
concerning

vestris
your

focis.
hearths.

Habetis
You have

ducem
a leader

memorem
mindful

vestri,
of you,

oblitum
forgetful
:

sui,
of himself,

quae
which

faeultas
means

datur
is-given

non
not

semper
always
:

habetis
you have

omnes
all

ordines,
ranks,

omnes homines, universum Komanum

ail

men,

the whole

Roman
in
in

populum,
people,

id
that

quod
which

videmus
we-see

primum
first

(for the first time)

civili
a
civil

causa
cause

hodierno

die,

sentient em
thinking

unum
one

atque
and

on-this-day,

idem.
the

Cogitate una
(thing).

nox
night

psene
almost

delerit

same

Think

one

may

have-destroyed

imperium fundatum
an empire
founded

quantis
with how-great

laboribus,
labours,

libertatem
liberty

stabilitam
established

quanta
by how-great

virtute,
valour,

fortunas
fortunes

auctas
increased

que
and

exaggeratas
heaped-up

quanta
by how-great

benignitate
kindness

deorum.
of the gods.

Est
It-is

providendum hodierno
to be-foreseen

die, on this-day,

non modo ne
not
only

id

possit

lest that

may

be-able

nmquam
ever

posthae
hereafter
to

confici,
be-performed,

sed
but

ne quidera
not-even

cogitari
to

civibus.
citizens.

Atque locutus sum

And
I have-spoken

h^ec,
these

be-thought (devised) by

non ut
(things), not

excitarem
studio

vos,
you,

that I might-excite
;

qui paene who almost

praecurritis
run-befora

mihi
.j

sed
but

ut
that

mea
my

vox, quae debet

voice>

me

(outstrip

me)

in

ardour,

which

oughl

118
esse prin ceps
to

QUARTA ORATIO
in republica, yideretur
in

functa (esse)
to

be

chief

(first)

.the republic,

might-seem

ha v*- discharged

consulari
with the consular

officio.

duty (to have discharged the consular duty).

10.

Nunc, conscripti
Now,
conscript

patres,
fathers,

antequam
before-that

redeo
I return

ad
to

sententiam,
the opinion,

dicam
I will-say

pauca
a few
(things)

de
concerning

me.
myself.

Ego
I

video
see

me
myself
to

suscepisse
have-taken-up

tantam multitudinem
so great

a multitude

inimicorum,
of enemies,

quanta
as-great-as

manus
the band
:

conjuratorum
of the conspirators

est,
is,

quam
which

videtis esse you see to be

et and

permagnam
very-great:

sed judico earn esse

but
I judge
it

to be

turpem
base

infirmam,
weak,

contemtam
despised

et and

abjectam.
abject.

Quod
But-if

si

aliquando,
at-sometime,

ista
that

manus
band

concitata
being-excited

furore
by the fury

et and

scelere
by the crime

alicujus,
of some-one,

valuerit
shall-have-prevailed
;

plus
more

quam
than

vestra dignitas
your
dignity

ac
and

reipublicse

tamen, conscripti
yet,

(that) of the republic;

^nscript

patres,
fathers,

poenitebit
it

me numquam meorum factorum

me
For
never
of

//
'

will- repent

my
illi

deeds

atque consiliorum.
and
counsels.

Etenim mors, quam

death,

fortasse
perhaps

which

they
:

minitantur
threaten

mihi,
to me,

est
is

parata
prepared

omnibus
for all

nemo
no-one

assecutus est
has-attained

tantam
so-great

laudem
praise

vitse,
of
life,

quanta
with as-great-as

vos
you

honestastis
have-ennobled

me
me

vestris decretis. decrees. by your

Enim
For

decrevistis you have-decreed

gestae
(*->&

semper
always

ceteris gratulationem reipublicse

toothers

thanksgiving

of the republic

being- carried-oP
i

bene,
veil

mihi uni one to me

reipublicse
(alone) of the republic

conservatae.
being-preserved.

Ille

Thai

Scipio
Boipic

consilio clarus, sit may-be famous, by the counsel

que

virtute
of

cujus

and by the valovr

whom

MAKCI TULLII CICERONIS.

Hannibal
Hannibal

119
atque
ana

coactus est
was- forced

redire
to return

in
into

Africam,
Africa,

decedere
to

ex
out-of

Italia:
Italy.:

alter
the other
(Scipio)

Africanus
Africanus

depart

ornetur
may-be-adorned

eximia
with excellent

laude,
praise,

qui who

delevit
destroyed

duas
the two

urbes
cities

infestissimas
most-hostile
:

huie
to this

imperio,
empire,

Carthaginem que
Carthage

and

Numantiam
Numantia:
vir,

ille

L. Paullus habeatur
L. Paullus

egregius

that

may-be-held (accounted) an excellent

eurrum
the chariot

cujus
of

Perses,
Perses,

rex
a king
:

quondam
once

man,

whom

potentissimus
most-powerful
sit

et and

nobilissimus,
most-noble,

honestavit
ennobled

Marius
Marius

in
in

aeterna
eternal

gloria,
glory,

may-be

qui who

bis
twice

liberavit
freed
:

Italiam
Italy

obsidione
from siege

et and

metu
from fear

servitutis
of slavery

Pompeius
Pompey
gestae
carried-on

anteponatur
may-be-placed-before
(preferred)

omnibus,
to all,

res
the things

atque virtutes
(the exploits)

cujus
of

continentur
are-bounded

iisdem
by the same
solis.
of the sun

and

virtues

whom
quibus
by which

regionibus
regions

ac
and

terminis
limits

cursus
the course

Erit
(is

profecto
indeed

bounded). There-will-be

inter among
gloriae
:

laudes
the praises

horum
of these

aliquid
something

loci
of place

nostra
to our (for

nisi
unless

forte
by chance

my)

glory:

est
it-is

majus
a greater (thing)

patefacere provincias nobis,

to

quo
whithei
illi

open

provinces

to us,

possimus
we may-be-able

exire,
to go-out,

quam
than

curare
to take-care

ut
that

etiam
even

those

qui who

absunt
are-absent

habeant
may have
Although
(a place)

quo
loco

victores

whither (being) conquerors

revertantur.
they may-return.

Quamquam uno
in

conditio

one place (respect) the condition

externae victoriae est melior

of external
victory
is

quam

domesticae

better

than (that) of domestic (victory);

120

QUARTA 0RATI0
Iiostes,
enemies,

quod
because

alienigense,
foreigners,

aut

oppressi

serviuni
serve

either being-oppressed

aut,
(become subservient),
or,

recepti,
being-received (into friendship),
:

putant
think

se
themselves

obligatos
obliged

beneficio

autem,
but,

ex
out-of

nuinero
the

by the favour:

number

civium,
of citizens,
(those)

qui who

depravati
being-depraved

aliqua
by some

dementia,
madness,

cceperunt
have-begun

semel
once

esse
to be

hostes
enemies

patriae,
of the country,

cum
when

repuleris
possis

pernieie
the destruction

reipublicas,
of the republic,

thou mayst-have-repulsed (them) from

nee

coercere eos
by

vi
force

nee placare
nor
to

thou mayst-be-able neither to restrain them

appease

beneficio.
by kindness.

Quare
Wherefore

video
I see

sternum
an eternal

bellum
war

susceptum esse
to

mihi
to

cum
(by me) with

perditis
lost

have-been-undertaken
:

me

(abandoned)

civibus
citizens

quod,
which,

vestro
by your

auxilio,
aid,

que
and
(by that)

omnium
of
all

bonorum,
the good,

que
and

memoria
by the memory

tantorum
of so-great

periculorum,
dangers,

quae semper
which
always

haerebit,
will adhere,

non modo
not

in
in

hoc populo
this

qui

only

people which

servatus est, sed

has-been-preserved, but

etiam in sermonibus
also in

ac
and

mentibus
the minds

the discourses

omnium gentium, ego

of all
nations,

confido
trust

posse
to be-able

facile
easily

propulsari
to be-repulsed

a
from

me
me
.

atque
and

a
from

meis.
mine.

Neque
Nor
possit

profecto ulla
indeed

tanta
so-great

any

vis

reperietur,
will be-found,

quae

perfringere
to

et
and

violence

which may-be-able

break-through

labefactare vestram conjunctionem que

to

Roman Drum
(that)

overthrow

your

union

and

of the

Roman

cquitum, et tantam conspirationem

fcnighls,

omnium bonorum,
of all

and so-great

agreement

the good.

11.

Cum
Since

qu83
which (things)

sint

ita,
so,

conscripti
conscript

patres.
.

may -be

fathers,

MARCI TULLII CICERONIS.

pro
for

121

imperio,
the

pro
for

exercitu,
the army,

pro
for

provincial
the province,

quam
which

command,

neglexi,
I have-neglected,

pro
for

triumpho,
the triumph,

que ceteris insignibus

an'"

She other

marks

laudis,
of praise,

quae
which

repudiata sunt
have-been-rejecte^

a
by
*/estr83
of your

me,
me,

propter
because-of

custodiam
the guardianship

urbis
of the city

qu
and

salutis,
safety,

pro
for

clientelis
the clientships

que
and

hospitiis
friendships

provincialibus,
belonging-to-the-provinces (for

my

quae
clients

tamen
yet

tueor
I defend

and friends

in the provinces),

which

opibus
by the resources

urbanis
belonging-to-the-city

non
not

minore
with less

labore
labour

quam
than

comparo
I procure

igitur
(them)
:

pro
for

omnibus
all

his
these

therefore

rebus,
things,

pro meis singularibus for my singular

diligentia,
(my)
diligence,
this

studiis
studies (ardour)

in
unto

vos,
you,

que pro hac

and
for

quam
which

conspicitis, you perceive,

nihil
nothing

ad
to (for)

rempublicam conservandam, postulo

the republic
to be-preserved,

aliud
other
(else)

I require

a
from

vobis,
you,

nisi
unless

memoriam
the

hujus temporis,
of this
time,

memory (remembrance)

que
and

totius
of the

whole of

mei my
minds

consulatus
consulship:

dum
while

erit which shall-be

quae

infixa
infixed

vestris
to

mentibus arbitrabor
I shall-think

me
myself

esse
to

septum
inclosed

your

be

firmissimo
by a most-strong
fefellerit

muro.
wall.

Quod

si

vis
the violence

improborum
of the dishonest

But-if

atque
and

^superaverit
shall-have-overcome

meam
my
cui
to
;

spem,
hope,

shall-have-deceived

commendo
1

vobis
to

meum parvum
my
little

filium
son;

profecto
indeed

commend

you

whom
only

fchsre

satis erit wilLbe enough

prsesidii, of guard (protection),

non solum ad
not
to (for)

salutem,
safety,

verum
but

etiam
even

ad
to
(for)

dignitatem,
dignity,

si
i*

11

122
memineritis

QUARTA ORATIO,
ilium
him

ETC.
filium
the son

esse
to

ejus
of that

you shall-have-remeinbered

be

periosj

qui solus who alone

periculo.
danger.

conservaverit
may-have-preserved

omnia hsec
all

suo
(things)
at his-own

these

Quapropter,
On-which-account,

conscripti patres, decernite

conscript
fathers,

decree

diligenter,
diligently,

ut
as

instituistis,

ac
and

for titer,
boldly,

do
concerning

you have-begun,
salute,
safety,

vestra
your

summa
highest

que
and

Romani
(that) of the

populi,
people,

Roman

de
concerning

vestris
your

conjugibus
wives

ae
and

liberis,
children,

de
concerning

aris
(your) altars

ac
and

focis,

de
sedibus

fanis

ac
and

templis,
temples,

hearths, concerning (your) fanes

de
concerning

tectis
the roofs

ac
and

totius
of the whole

urbis,
city,

seats (abodes)

de
concerning
Italiae,
of Italy,

imperio,
the empire,

de
concerning

libertate,
liberty,

de
republica.
republic.

salute

concerning the safety

que
and

de
concerning

universS,
the whole

Enim
For

habetis
you have

eum consulem
that

consul

qui who

dubitet
may-doubt
(hesitate)

non
not

et both

parere
to

vestris
to

decretis,
decrees,

obey

your

et and

defendere
to defend

ea
those
(things)

quae
which

statueritis you shall-have-determined

quoad
as-long-as

vivet,
he
shall-live,

et and

praestare
to

per
by

se ipsum,

possit.

perform (them)

himself, (as-long-as) he may-be-able.

ORATIO

TEE ORATION
.

MARCI TULLII CICEE0X1S,

PRO

OF MARCUS TELLIES CICERO,

FOR
A. LICDs'IO

ARCHIA POETA.

A.

L1CIXUS ARCHIAS TEE POET

1.

Si
If

quid
aught

ingenii
c:
-.\.iiz

est
is

in
in

me
L:
aut
or

judices.
judges,
si
if

quod
and

which

quam exiguum
how
slight

sit
it-is

sentio
I-feei:

qua
any

exercitatio
practice

dicencli.
in 'puolic

in
in

qua
vrnich
I
;

non
dj no:
si
if

speaking.,

infitior deny

me
that]
I

esse

am

mediocriter
modera:r".T

versatum

aut
or

aliqua
any

experienced;

ratio method [systematic

hujusce
knowledge] of-this-saine

rei
thing [of this same art of public speaking]

profeeta
rising

ab
from

studiis
the-study

optimarum
of-the-best

artium
arts
[libera] sciences]

ac
and

disciplina.
from-instruction,

a
from
aetaris
life

qua
which

ego
I

confiteor
confess

nullum
nc

tempos
time
[part]

meas
of-my

abhoruisse.
to-haYe-been-aTerse
[to

have been

Hie A. Licinus debet

estranged].

vel
[is

in
in

This

A. Licinus

ought

entitled] even

[among]

primis
*.he-$rs:

repetere
to-claim-in-return

a
from

me fruetum
me
the fruit
[tenet::]

omnium
of
ail

{123;

124

ORATIO PRO ARCHIA POETA.

reriun
things [of
all

earum
these

prope
these mental endowments]

suj
hii

nearly- (as)

jure.
(own peculiar)
right.

!Nam quoad
For
as

longissirae
^far (as)

mea mens
my
time,

mind
et and

potest
can

respicere
look-back (on)

spatium
the space

prseteriti
of past

temporis,

recordari
(can)
recall

ultirnam
the-most-remote

memoriam
remembrance

pueritife,
(of early)

youth,

repetens
repeating [tracing]

inde usque,
(my
life)

video
I-sef

thence

even-to (the present time),

hunc
this

exstitisse
to-have-been

mihi
to-me

principem,
(my)
principal (leader)

(man)

et

ad suscipiendara,
undertaking,

both in

et and

ad
in

ingrediendam
entering-on (progressing in)

ration em
the-method [principles]

korum
of these

studiorum.
studies.

Quod
Because [and]

si
if

hiec
this

vox
voice
(of

conforroata
mine)

hortatn
by-the-encouragement

que
and

formed
fuit was

proeceptis hujus,
precepts
of this (man),

aliquando
at-any-time
a

saluti means (of)

safety

nonnullis,
to

debenms profecto quantum

we ought
certainly
as

est situm in
(as)
is

some,

much

placed

in

nobis
huic
to this

fere

et
both

opem
aid

us [as far as lies in our power] to bring

et and
id,
that,

salutem
safety

ipsi,

a
from

(man) himself,

quo whom

accepimus
we-have-received

quo
by which

possemus
we-might
(be able)

opitulari
to aid

et and

servare alios.
to-save
others.

Ac
And

ne
lost

quis
any-one
dici,

nobis
us
sit
there-is

forte

miretur
(at)

hoe
this

ita
so

from (among)

by-chance might-wonder

quod
because

in
in

hoc
this (Archias)

quaedam
some

alia
other

gaid (by me),

facultas
faculty

ingenii
of-genius (a

que
somewhat
different talent)

ne
not

lisec
this

and

ratio
science

aut disciplina
or
discipline
(of public)

dicendi,
speaking (which we

may

possess),

ne quidem fuimus nos

nor

unquam
(ourselves)

penitus dediti
entirely

indeed

were

we

ever

given

ORATIO PRO AECHIA POETA.

haic
to-this

125
artes,

uni
one

studio.
study (of oratory).

Etenim omnes
For
all

quaa

the arts, which

pertinent ad humanitatem
nay-relate
to

habent
and
polite studies]

humanity

[to liberal

haya

quoddam commune vinculum,

gome

common

bond

(of union)

et and

continentur
are contained

quasi
[are connected together]
as-if

quadam
by some

cognatione
relationship

inter among

se.
themselves.

2.

Sed
But
(that)
it
1

ne videatur esse
may
I
in

mirum

cui

not

'appear

to

be

wonderful to-any (one)

vestrum,
of you,
(that)

me

in legitima questione,
a legal
question,

et in publico and in a publio

judicio,
court
(of justice)

cum
when

res
the thing (the action)

agatur
is

apud
before

tried

praetorem
a praetor

Romani
of-the-Roman

populi
people

lectissimum
the-most-select

virum, of men

[a

judices, et apud severissimos most-grave [strict] judges, most meritorious man], and before

tanto
(and) in such

conventu ac frequentia hominum

an assembly and
multitude
of

uti
should use

men

hoc genere
this

dicendi,

quod abhorreat non modo

which
is

kind (of public) speaking,

at variance

not

only

a
with

consuetudine judiciorum
the custom
of courts
(of justice)

verum etiam
but
also

a
with

forensi
forensic

sermone
speech [pleading at the bar]
:

quseso
I request

a
of

vobis,
you,

ut
that

detis you-may-grant

mihi,
me,

in
in

hac
this

causa,
case,

banc
that

veniam,
indulgence,

accommodatam huic
suitable

reo,
(and)

quemadmodum
as

spero
I-hope

to this defendant,

non molestam
aot
disagreeable

vobis,
to-you,

ut

that you

patiamini me dicentem pro may allow me pleading for

eruditissimo

summo
a distinguished

poeta
poet

atque
and

homine,
man,

hoc
in yLZn

for-a-most-learned

concursu
ron course

literatissimorum
of-most-in?tructed

hominum,
men,

hac
before-this

vestrS

yom

11*

126
humanitate,

ORATIO PRO ARCHIA POETA.

humanity [before a court constituted of men distinguished

for such libers:

denique,
knowledge],
in-fine,

hoc praetore
such-a
praetor

exercente judicium,
exercising

judicature

loqui
[presiding at the
trial],

paullo
a litde

liberius
more-freely

de
of

studiis
the studies

to

speak

humanitatis
i>f-the-liberal-arts

ac literarum, et in persona
and
literature,

ejusmodi,
such-as-this,

and

in a character

quae, who,

propter
in
in

otium
judiciis

ac
and

studium, est minimi

studies,
*is

on account (of his) quiet-life

very

little

tractata
"conversant

que
and
(their)

perieulis,
risks,

uti
to use

prope
nearly

public trials

quodain
a certain

novo
new

et and
si

irmsitato
unusual

genere
mode
tribui
is

dicendi.
of-speaking.

Quod
Which
(indulgence)

sentiam
(as)

que
and

if

I feel

to

be granted

concedi
allowed

mihi to me

a
by

vobis,
you,

profecto
assuredly

perficiam,
I- will-effect,

ut
that

putetis,
you-may-think. (that)

hunc A. Licinium
this

non
2

modo non
only
not

A. Licinium

is

not

segregandum
to

a
from

numero
the

civium
of citizens [to be deprived of the

be separated

number
sit
is

cum
rights of citizenship]

civis,
a-citizen,

verum
but (that)

etiam,
also,

si
if

when he

esset
he were

non,

fuisse

adsciscendum.
excessit
grew-out

not (a citizen), he-ought-to-have-been admitted (among them).

3,

Nam
For

ut
as

Archias primum
Archias
iis
first

ex
of

pueris,
boyhood,

atque ab
and

artibus,
arts,

quibus
by- which

puerilis
puerile

setas
age

from (the study of) those

solet is- wont

informari
to

ad humanitatem contulit
to
liberal

se
himself

ad
to

be trained

knowledge

he devoted

studium
to-the-study

scribendi:
of writing [poetic composition]
:

primum
at first
,

Antiochise
atAntioch

(nam
'
k

for

nobili natus est ibi he-was-born there in-an-illustrious

et copios& rich a celebrated and

loco)
rank) [of a noble family]

juondam
formerly

celebri

urbe, atque
city,

and

affluenti, abounding,

UKATIO PRO ARCHIA POETA.

eruditissimis

127
liber alissimis

hominibus, que
men,

^th-the-most-learned

and (celebrated

for)

liberal

Btudiis,
studies,

contigit
it-happened (to him)

celeriter
speedily

antecellere
to excel

omnibus
all

in

gloria the renown

ingenii.
(of his) talents.

Post
Afterwards

in ceteris partibus
in

other

parts

Asise
of-Asia

que cunctse Graecise, ejus adventus celebrabantur

and
of all

Greece,

his

arrivals

were celebrated

sic,
so [were so

ut
much
talked of], that

exspectatio
the expectation

hominis
of-the-man [desire

superaret
of seeing the

famam
admiratio

ingenii,
(his) talents (but),

man]

might exceed (even) the fame of

adventus
the arrival

ipsius
of himself

que
and

the admiration

(it

caused even surpassed)

exspectationem.
the expectation.

Italia
Italy

erat
was

tunc
then

plena Graecarum
full
of- Greek

artium ac disciplinarum, que hgec studia

arts

colebantur
were cultivated

and

culture,

and

these

studies

et
both

turn in Latio vehementius, more ardently, then in Latium

oppidis,
towns,

quam
than
(they are)

nunc
now

in
in

iisdem
the-same

et and

hie
here

Eomae
at-Rome
(for)

propter
on-account-of

tranquillitatem reipublicse
the tranquillity
of the republic
x

non negligebantur.
they were

not

Neglected (but

flourished greatly).

Rhegini et Therefore both the Tarentinians and the Rhegians

Itaque et
Tarentini

et and

Neapolitani
the Neapolitans

donarunt
rewarded

hunc
him

civitate
with-the-city
;

[granted

him

que ceteris praemiis

the rights of citizenship]

and with-other

gifts;

et and

omnes
all

(men)

qui poterant judicare aliquid de ingeniis any-thing of talents [who had judge could who

discern-

existimarunt
inent

dignum

enough

to distinguish merit]

thought (him) worthy (of their)

cognitione atque hospitio.

acquaintance

Cum
When
famae

esset
he-was

jam
already

notus
known
venit
he cum

and

hospitality.

hac

tantS

celebritate
celebrity

absentibus,

by -this so-great

f reputation to-those -absent,

128

0RATI0 PRO ARCHIA POETA.

consule,
being-consul,

Romam, Mario
to -Rome,

Marius

et and

Catulo.
Catulus.

Nactus

e3t s

He-found,

primum, eos consules, quorum

at first,

alter posset adhibere

the one

those

consuls,

of

whom

could

furnish (him)

maximas

res

ad
to

scribendum,
be-written-on,

cum
when

alter
the other (could not

the greatest subjects

res

gestas,

turn etiam
alsc

only furnish him) things performed [military achievements], but

studium atque
(an attachment to liberal)
studies

aures.
ears.

Statim
Immediately

and

(correct)

Luculli,

cum Aarchias
Aarchias

the Luculli, though

esset etiam turn prsetextatus, was even then a young-man,

receperunt
received
ii

eum
him
'into

suam
their

domum.
l

Sed hoc
But
this

house.

(was)

on solum
only
(on account 'of his)

ingenii
'talents

ac
and

literarum,
*of (his) 'learning,

not

verum
but

etiam
also

naturce
'of (his) 'nature

atque
[good natural disposition]

and

virtutis,
l

ut

domus,

quae

of (his) 'virtue,

that the house,

fuerit which had been

prima
the
first

(residence)

hujus
of his

adolescentiae,
youth,

eadem
the same
illis

esset was

familiarissima
most-familiar

senectuti.
*to (his) 'old age.

Erat
He was

temporibus
time
illi

jucundus
agreeable

at-that

Q. Metello
[held in affectionate esteem]
to Q.

Numidico,
a
by
et
both

Metellus that (celebrated) Numidicus,

et and

ejus
his

filio

Pio.
Pius.

Audiebatur
He-was-listened-to

M. iEmilio
M.
iEuiilius;

son

vivebat
filio

cum Q.
colebatur

Catulo,

patre
father

he lived (on terms of intimacy) with

;

Q. Catulus,

et and

a L. Crasso.
L. Crassus.

Cum
When

teneret
(as also)

son;

he-was-greatly-esteemed by

he held

devinctam
attached
(to

consuetudine
himself)

Lucullos vero,
the-Luculli
indeed,

by habits (of intimacy)

et
also

Drusum,
Drusus,

et Octavios, et and the-Octavii, and

Catonem,
Cato,

et and

totam
the-whole

domum
!ainily

Hortensiorum,
of the Hortensii,

afficiebatur
he-was-rewarded

summo
with-the-greates\

ORATIO PRO AROHIA POETA,

honore
honour [he was held by them
in the greatest

129
quod

honour and

esteeruj

for

non solum
not

colebant eum,
him [courted
his acquaintance],

only (those) cultivated

qui who
but

studebant
studied

percipere
to learn

atque
and

audire
to

aliquid,
something,

verura

hear

etiam.
also,

si
if

qui
any one

simulabant. forte affected (this). by chance

satis
a sufficiently

4.

Interim,
In-the-meanwhile,

lorigo
long

intervallo,
interval (of time

cum
having elapsed), when

esset
he had

profectus
gone

cum
with

L. Lucullo in
L. Lucullo
into

Siciliam,
Sicily,

et and

cum decederet
when
he departed

ex
from

ea
that

provincia
province

cum
with

eodem Lucullo, venit

the-same
ci vitas
a-city (enjoying)

Heracleam.
to Heraclea,

Quse
Which

cum
as

esset
it-was

Lucullus,

he came

sequissimo
the-very-same

jure
rights (and privileges with

ac Rome) and
se
himself

foedere
x

voluit
he desired

adscribi
to-be-enrolled

in
in

in (strict) Alliance (therewith)

earn civitatem
that

que cum ipse putaretur dignus

and
as

city (as a citizen);

he

was thought

worthy

per
(of
it)

se,

turn

auctoritate

by

himself, as-well-as by-the-authority

et gracia Luculli and favour of Lucullus

impetravit id
ae obtained
this

ab Heracleensibus.
Silvani et lege him) by-the-law of-Silvanus and

Civitas

from the Heracleans. The-rights-of-Roman-citizenship

est data was granted

Carbonis.
of Carbo.

" Si
" If

(to

qui
si
if

fuissent adscripti

foederatis

civitatibus
cities;

any-persons had-been

enrolled among-the-confederated

cum
when
;

lex
the-law

ferebatur
was-passed

habuissent
they had

domicilium
a-residence

in
in

Italia
Italy

et and

si
if

sexaginta diebus
in sixty

essent
they had

professi
declared

apud
before

days

praetorem."
the praetor (their wish to be enrolled as citizens)."

Cum
As

hie haberet
he

had

jam domicilium
already

multos
many

annos, professus est

years,

a residence (of)

he-declared (his intention)

130

JBAT10 PRO ARCHIA POETA.

p.^cStorem,
vb\ piaetor,

apud Q. Meteilunu
before

suum familianssimum,
his

Q. Metellus,

most-intimate-friend.

Si dicimus nihil aliud

If

nke

de
aihil
boiling

civitate

ac

lege,

we-say

nothing

else

except about (his) citizenship and the law

dico
(as relates to
it),

amplius
more;

causa
the cause

'I (need)

*say

dicta est.
is-pleaded (and
is

Enim
gained).

quid horum
which
v>f

Grati
Gratius

For

these (statements)

potest
can

infirmari?
be-invalidated
?
l

ne
you
'will
nv.t

negabis
'deny
(that)

esse
he-was

adscriptum turn
enrolled

Heracleae?
auctoritate,
authority,

Adest
There
is

then (among the citizens) at fleraclea?

present

vir
a

summa
(having) the highest

man

et religione religion [scrupulous and

se
(that)

et fide, regard for truth] and integrity,

L. Lucullus, qui dicit

L. Lucullus,

who

says

he

non
does not

opinari, sed
think,

scire,
(it

non
to be so), (that) 'he

but (that) he knows

Mid not

audivise, sed vidisse

l

non
(that)

interfuisse,
'present,

hear,

but

saw

(it)

'he 'was

not only

sed egisse.
but
acted
(in the affair).

Heracleenses
Heraclean

legati
delegates

adsunt,
are present,

nobilissimi homines
most-celebrated

venerunt
;

causa
publico
public

men

(of the highest rank)

they-have-come on account

hujus judicii,
of this
trial,

cum mandatis
qui who

et

cum
with

with instructions (from their city) and

testimonio
testimony;

dicunt
say
(that)

hunc
he
(was)

adscriptum
a naturalized

Heracleensem.
Heraclean.

Hie
Here

tu
you

desideras
desire

publicas
the public

tabulas
registers

Heracleensium,
of the Heracleans,

quas
which
:

omnes
we
all

scimus
'know

interisse
to-have-perished

Italico
in-

bello, tabulario
war,

incenso.

Est
It
is

ridiculuiii,
ridiculous,

the-Italian

the registry being burned.

dicere
to

nihil
nothing

ad ea
to those (proofs)

quae
which

habemus
we have
;

quaerere
(but)
to ask-for

say

quae
'4hose)

possumus
we can

non
not

habere
have;

which

et and

tacere
to be silen*

ORATIO PRO ARCHIA POETA.

de
concerning

131
flagitare
to-insist-on

memoriS,
the recollection [testimony]

hominum,
of

men, (and)

memoriara
the testimony

literarura
of records;

et and

cum
when

habeas
yc* may-have
viri,

religionem
th^-onscientious-testimony

amplissimi
of a most-honourable

man, (and)

jusjurandum
the oath

que
and
ea,

fidem
faith

integerrimi

municipii
nullo
in

of a most-respectable municipality;

epudiare
to reject

quae

possunt
can

modo
manner
dicis
you-say

these (things), which

no

depravari
be
falsified

desiderare
(and)
to require

tabulas,
registers,

quas idem
which
even

solere

corrumpi.
is

At
But

habuit non domicilium in

he-had
not
a domicile
in

are accustomed to be altered.

Italia
Italy
:

(not) he

annis ante civitatem datam, qui tot who for-so-many years before citizenship was granted

collocavit
(him),

sedem
the seat
?

omnium
of
all

suarum
his

rerum
effects

ac
and
?

had placed

fortunarum
of
all his

Romae
at

At
But
*he

non
Mid
not

est professus
declare

fortunes

Rome ?

(hia

Immo
intention of

vero
quae
which
solae
alone

lis

becoming a citizen)?

Yes

indeed (he did, and) in-those

tabulis
registers

professus
did he declare (his intention)

ex
out-of

ilia
that

professione,
declaration,

que
and

collegio
college

praetorum
of praetors

obtinent
obtains

autoritatem publicarum tabularum.

the authority
of public
registers.

5.

Nam cum
For

tabulae
levitas

Appii dioerentur

asservatse

as the registers of

Appius were-said (to)have-been-k3pt

negligentius,
rery carelessly,

Gabinii
of Gabinus

the trifling (and inconsistent conduct)

quamdiu
as-long-as

fuit he-was

incolumis,
safe
'and),

calamitas
the misfortune

post
after (hi^

damnationem,
condemnation,

resignasset
had- taken-away

omnem
all

fidem tabularum
the faith of tne registers

Metellus,
[dad deprived bis registers of
all credit]

homo
a

Metellus,

ma

132
sancti'ssimus
the

0RATI0 PRO ARCHIA POETA.

que modestissimus omnium,
and
scrupulous
of all (men J,

most pure

fuit was

tanta
so

diligentia,
(full of)

ut
that

venerit
he came

ad
to

L. Lentulum
L. Lentulus

care,

prsetorem,
the praetor,

et and

ad
to

judices,
the judges,

et and

dixerit,
said
(that),

se esse
he waa

commotum
disturbed

liturfi,

unius

nominis.
name.

Igitur

his

by-the-erasure of-a-single

Therefore in these

tabulis videtis
registers

nullam lituram in
no
erasure
in

nomen
the

A.

Licinii.

you-see

name

of A. Licinius.

Quae
Which
(things)

cum
ejus
his

sint

ita,
so,

quid est
what
is

quod
that

dubitetis
you-may-doubt

when they are

civitate,
citizenship,

there

le
about

prsesertim
especially ?

cum
as

fuerit he was

adscriptus
enrolled

quoque
also

in
in

aliis other

civitatibus
cities

Etenim cum
?

(as a citizen)

For

when

homines
the

men

in Graecia in Greece [Magna

impertiebantur
Graecia, or Southern Italy]

granted

civitatem
the-rights-of-citizenship

to

multis many
some

mediocribus,
ordinary-men,

et praeditis and endowed

aut
either

nulla

arte

aut aliqua humili,

or

gratuitd,

with no profession

low-one, (and this) gratuitously

credo
(can)
I believe, (that)

Rheginos
the Rhegians

aut
or

Locrenses,
the Locrians,

au1
or

Neapolitanos, aut Tarentinos noluisse

the Neapolitans,
or

id
(give)

huio
to

Tarentines

would not

that

him

praedito

summa

gloria ingenii,

quod
?

solebant

endowed-with the greatest renown of talent, which they-were-accustomed

largiri
to

scenicis
to theatrical

artificibus.
artists.

Quid

cum
when

ceteri,
others,

non
not

grant

What?

tnodo post
only
after

civitatem
citizenship

datam,
had-been-granted
(to

sed etiam
them), but
also

post
after

Papiam
the Papian

legem,
law,

irrepserint
had crept
;

aliquo
by some

modo
means

in
into

tabulas

eorum municiporum
municipalities;

hie
Vill-he-be
illis

rejicietur,
'rejected,

me

registers of these

qui who
c e.

ne
dce

utitur
*avail

^uidem
(himself)

in
in

quibus
which

not

indeed

of thu3

he

ORATIG PRO ARCHIA POETA.

scriptus,
enrolled,

II

quod
because

semper voluit
'he

se

esse
to be (consider ^d)

always

'wished himself

Heracleensem. Requiris nostros census

a Heraclean.

You demand
then

our

census

[the censor's IL^ts]

scilicet.
indeed.

Est enim obscurum,

It
is

proximis censorious
under-the-last
censors

unknown

(that),

tunc
[at the time of taking the last census]

he

fuisse was

cum
with

clarissimo
the-most-illustrious

imperatore L. Lucullo apud exerei*am;

commander
L. Lucullus

with

fta-wmy;
fuisse
he-wi

superioribus
(that at the time of )

cum
with

the-preceding (census to this last)

eodem
the

qusestore
quaestor

in
in

Asia
A;L*;
(that)

same (person when he was)

primis
in-the-first (census, after

Julio
he became a citizen)
Julius

et and

Ciasso
Crasstta

nullam
(being censors)

partem
part

populi
of-the-people

esse
was

^ensam.
rated

no

Sed
[no census was taken].

quoniam
as

census
the census

non
'does not

But
civitatis,
of-citizenship,

confirmat
'confirm

jus
the-right

ac
and

tantummodb
only

indicat
indicates

eum, qui
(that)

sit

census
rated [returned in the census]
(feaat)

se
he

he,

who may-be
gessisse

jam
already

turn

ita,
so,

pro
as

cive;
a citizen (as to claim

then had-conducted (himself)

iis

temporibus, quae
time,

tu
you

cranio aris
charge
(that)

enrollment)

at-the-same

that

ne
not

quidem
even
l

ipsius
in

judicio
Opinion

eum
'did he

versatum esse
'exercise

his-own

jure
the right

Romanorum
of

civium,
citizens,

et
'he both

saepe
often

Roman
to

fecit 'made

testamentum
a will

nostris
our

legibus,
laws,

(according)

et and

adiit he entered on
et and

hoereditas
'inheritances (left to

Romanorum
him by)

civium,
citizens,

Roman

(his

name)

12

134

0RATI0 PRO ARCHIA POETA.

aerarium
in
beneficiis,
the-beneficiaries

delatus est ad
wag-carried

to the-public-treasury

among

[ana

ffc|

a L.
honourable mention of his name was enrolled
in the public treastij], by

L,

Lucullo proconsule.
Lucullus
the proconsul.

6.

Quaere
Seek
(for other)

arguruenta,
proofs,

si
if

potes
you can
(find)

quxany

Enim
For

hie
this (Archias)

nunquam
never

revincetur
will-be-refuted

neque
either

sue
by-his-own

judicio,
opinion,

neque
or
(that of his)

amicorum.
friends.

Quaeres
You ask

a
of

nobis,
us,

Grati,
Gratius,

cur why

tantopere
'we 'are so greatly

delectemur
Haken-up

hoc
with-this

homine.
man.

Quia
Because

suppeditat
he supplies

nobis
ua

ubi
strepitu
noise [after

et

animus

reficiatur

ex hoc forensi
forensic

(with that) whereby both the mind may-be-refreshed after this

et aures defessae convicio the noise of the forum] and the ears fatigued with wrangling

conquiescant.
may-find-repose.

An

tu existimas, aut
either (that
it)

posse
would-be-possible

Or do you suppose,

nobis
for us

suppetere,
to-have-a sufficient supply (of subjects),

quod
which

dicamus
we-might-discourse-on

quotidie, in tant& varietate rerum,

daily,
in

such

a-variety

of things

nisi
[pleadings],

excolamus
we-cultivated

nostros
our

animos
minds

unless

doctrina,
by the study
of literature,

aut
or (that)

animos
(our)

posse
could

ferre
bear

minds

tantam
6uch (great)

contentionem, nisi relaxemus eos

efforts,

eadem
deditum
given

unless

we relaxed

them by-the-same

doctrina
studies?

Ego
I
;

vero
indeed

fateor,
confess (that),

me
I
si
if

esse

am
qui
they

his
lo-these

studiis
studies

pudeat ceteros
'let

ita
'have
so

others 'be ashamed,

abdiderunt
turied

se

literis,

ut

themselves in literature [in the study of ], that

possinfc they cun

ORATIO PRO ARCHIA POETA,

affere
bring
\

13h

nihil
notlr

ex m

his,
these (studies),

neque
either

ad
for

communem
the

common
(of

orofere
advantage,
-

in adspectuni
(any thing; to
the view

or

to -bring-forth

men)

que
and
'

.Jucem.
tVie-agbt
[or
to

publish any thing that

may

bear inspection],

Autem
But

quid
Iwhy (need)

me
I

pudeat,
be ashamed,

judices,
judges,

qui tot who so-many

annos
ye

vivo
live

ita,

ut
that

unquam
ever

aut
either

meum
my
pleasure

[have livec

so,

otiim
leisure [Iov% of tranquillity]

abstraxerit
avocarit,

me,
denique
in fine

aut voluptas
or

may-have-drawn me from,

aut
from,
or

somnus
sleep

niay-L

uio)

retardaiH
may-ha
nullius
of any one [from defend*
.

tempore
the dangers

aut
or

commodo
advantage

De ) from

danger, or forwarding the advan-

tageous claims of

otl<

are quis tandem reprehendat w ho in q ne may-reproach

me, aut quis

me
>

enseat
jry

mihi,
with me,

si
if

quantum
as-much
res,
afi
':^s,

or
c

temporum
time
(as)

eteris,
is c

ad obeundas
transacting

sua,:
their

quantum
as-much
(as is given)

^
for

Brandos

If^stos dies fcfc^aj d aj S

luu

quantum
as-much
(as is given)

ad
to

alias voluptates,
other
pleasures,

and

to

ipsam
itself

animi
of the

et mind and

corporis

^
as-me

\m

of the body;

tribuunt
devote

tempestivis
to early

conviviis,
banquets
[to the pleasures of the
tz<.<

quantum denique
Rs-much

aleae,

qua.
[games of hazard],

in-fine (as is devoted) to dice

as-mutb

(as

is

devoted

to)

tantum pilse ; (time) ball- playing; so-much

ad

egomet sumpsero
I shall-have-taken

mihi
to

recolenda
again-cultivating

haec
these

myself [may I not take the same time] for

186
studia
studies?
?

ORATIO PRO ARCH1A POETA.

Atque hoc
And
this

est
is

adeo

magis concedeuduio
to-*

so-much the more

mihi,
to

quod

ex

his studiis
these
studies

quoque hsec
also
this

x
.

t
facul
id

me,

because from

oratio
6peaking
[this faculty

of public speaking]

crescit, improves

93,

(in

me

N
.

which,

quantacunque
in-whatever-degree
it

est
exists

in
in

me,
me,

nunquam
ne er

fuit
frae-wanting

periculis
to-the-dangers
*of

amicorum.
(my) friends [never was refus
si
if
i

y friends

Quae
in danger].

videtur
it-may-seem

levic
trifli

eerte
cen&.nly

Which
sentio,
I-know,

quidem
indeed

ex
from

quo fonte
what source

I-may-di.

'subjects)

quae sunt
which
are

summa.
the most-important.

Nam,
For,

nisi
unlesi

Bii

niihi snaded myself

ab
from

a&olescentia",

praeceptis
.casters),

que
and

youth (upwards), by-the

multis by much

Uteris

ess

3
is

nihAl in vitS,

magnopere
greatly

literary-study (that) there

noting

in

>

expetendum,
to be-sought-after,

nisi
except

kucU-m

atque

honestatem,
honesty [an

enda
.'^

ea,
-

but

attainment of )

these,

-uciatus
tortures

co^pov
i*tf-the-body,
all

pericula mortis atque

the dangers of death

and

nda
>sem

parvi;
as of small (account)

nunquam
never

me
myself

pro vestiA salute in

for

tot

ac tantas
so-great

I- exposed

your

safety

in so

many and

dimicationes,
contests,

atque
and

in
in

hos
these

quotidianos
daily

impetus
attacks

profligatorum hominum.
of profligate

Sed omnes
But
all

men.

libri books

sunt pleni,
are
full,

voces
the voices

sapientium plense,
of-the-wise
are full (of the
;

vetustas
maxims
of philosophy), antiquity

plena
(iij

exemplorum
of examples;

omnia
all

quse
which

jacerent
might-bave-lam

in
it

full

W.ATIO PRO ARCHIA POETA.

tenebr's,
nisi
unless

137

lumen
the light

literarum
of literature

accederet.
had-approached
(th( m).

Quart; multas imagines

-os

fortissimorum virorum
of the bravest

[delineations]

men

Lm
lam,
*have
r^li
l

ad intuendum, verum etiam ad

to

be contemplated,

but

also

to

et
i

Grseci
.he

th

Greek

et and

Latini
Latin

scriptores
writers

nobus

aas
sh

ego,
I,

semper
always

preponens
placing

le

mihi
before

in

administrai
noting

republica,
he republic
[in

administering public

isoni
affairs],

ntem
my
hoi
'rid

moulded

et and

ammum
soul

ipsS
by
this

cogitation
contemplation
o(

^cellentium
i

'm.

excellent

T.

1? fuerunt
Should
any o&a
f

illi

ipsi

were
litse

those

same

summi
illustrious

viri,

q
v

sunt
(to us}

men,

-handed-down
is

Uteris, eruditi
in books, instructed
ir

^u effers
u

thl
fie

8xtwt(byyour)

laudibus.
praises.

Est d
It
is

difficu]

a j]

sed
but

tamen
yet

est
this
is

cei
cer

n.

Ego
I

fateor
confess (that)

multos
many
virtute,
virtue,

animo
minds

ac
and

et and

ctrina,
without
learning,

prope
per
of

divino
by-the-divine

habitu
disposition

naturae
of nature

ipsius,
itself,

extitisse have-become

se ipsos
themselves

et
both

moderates
discreet

et and

graves.
important (men).

Adjungo
I

add

etiam
ilso

illud
this (that)

ssepius
more-often

naturam,
nature,

sine
without.

doctrinS
learning

valuisse
bas-availed

ad laudem atque virtutem, quam doctrinam

for

fame

and

virtue,

than

learnin

12*

138
sine
without

0RATI0 PRO ARCHIA POETA.

natura.
nature
[without a good natural disposition].

Atque ego
!>.:!%.

contendo
contend

idem,
at-the-same (time),

cum
when

qusedam
a certain

ratio,
i

q'ie and

conformatio
modelling

doctrinse
of learning

accesserit ad
accedes
to

eximiam
an
excel]

atque
and

illustrem
llustrious

naturam,
nature
[natural disposition],

turn
tl
it)

illud
that

nescio
I-know-not

quid praeclarum
what
brilliant

ac
and

singulare
extraordina
1

acter)

solere
is-accustomed

existere;
to-take-place
;

ex
of

hoc
this

numr
num

liunc
that

divinum
divine

hominem Africanum,
man
;

quem
when;

pat

a
-iers

Africanus,

viderunt
saw;

ex hoc
of
this

C. Lselium
(number was)
C. Laslium

L. Furium,
('*nd)

L. Furius,

moderatissimos
most-discreet

et continentissiraos Jnomines; mer and contl

y

ex hoc
of
this

fortissiraum
(number was
also that)

irum,
man.
3

M. Catonem,
M.
Cato,

most-vigorous

ilium senem,
that

old

man
ind,

[the elder],
;

et dor id tl

illis

temporibus,
times,

..

ned in-those

qui who

profect
(all)

adjuvarentur
1

literis

been-aided

by literature

ad percipiendam
understanding

ndam
an"
titivating

virtutem,
virtue,

nunquam

'would never

\e
'have-applied

ad
to

studium
the study

earum.
of

themselves

them

[literature].

Quod
Even

si
if

hie
this

tantus
so-great

fructus

non ostenderetur,
tamen,
however,

advantage Should not 'be-made-apparent,

et si delectatio sola peteretur ex his studiis, only is sought from these studies, delight and if

ut
3

opinor,
I think,

judicaretis
you-would-judge

banc
this

adversionem
employment

animi
of-the-mind

humanissimam
most-human

ac
and

liberalissimam.
liberal.

Nam
For

ceterae
other

sunt
^occupations)
are
fpioperj

neque
neither
(for)

omnium
all

temporum,
times,

0RATI0 PRO ARCBIA POETA.

139
hsec
these

neque
nor
(fur all)

setatum,
ages,

neque
nor
(for all)

locorum
places
;

studia
studies

alunt
foster

adolescentiam,
youth,

oblectant
delight

senectutem,
old-age,

ornant
adorn

ecundas
solatium,
a comfort,

res,

adversis
in adversity

prsebent
they
offer

perfugium
a refuge

ac
and

prosperity,

delectant

domi,

non impediunt
binder
(us)

they-delight (us) at-home, 'they *do not

foris,
abroad,

pernoctant
they-pass-the-night

cum
with

nobis,
us,

peregrithey-accompany-us-in-

nantur,
our-journeys,

rusticantur.
they-pass-the-time-with-us-in-the-country.
si
if

/
neither
attain-to

8.

Quod
Although

ipsi
we-ourselves

possemus neque attingere

could

hsec,
these,

neque gustare
nor
taste

nostro
(them)
with-our

sensu,
senses

[nor enjoy them],

tamen deberemus
however

mirari
to

we ought
aliis.
others.

ea, admire thefl^

etiam
even

cum videremus
when
we-see

in
(them) in

Quis

nostrum
of-us

Who
ut
as
? lately

fuit tarn agresti ac was (of) so rude and

duro
insensible

animo,
a mind,

nuper

morte
at-the-death

Roscii
of-Roscius

non
not (to)

commoveretur
have-been-moved
?

Qui,

mortuus esset cum

(though he),
died

Who

when

(he was)

senex,
an old-man,

tamen
yet

propter
on-account-of
(his)

excellentem
excellent

artem
art

ac
and

venustatem,
the beauty (of his performance),

ridebatur omnino
appeared
iile

altogether (as

if

he)

debuisse non mori.

ought
not
to die.

Ergo
Therefore (when)

tantum
only
sibi,

motu
by-the-motion

he

corporis
of (his)

body [by his gestures]

conciliarat had gained

x

a
from

nobis
us

for himself,

omnibus,
ail,

amor em,
love,

nos negligemus
Should we
neglect

incredibiles
the incredible

(our)

motus
movements

animorum,
of-the-mind,

que
and

celeritatem
the-celerity

ingeniorum
of talents
?

Quoties,
How-often,

judices,
judges,

vidi
'have

ego
I seen
J

hunc Archiam.
this

(enim
(foi

Archias,

! !

140
utar
T-will-use

ORATIO PRO ARCHIA POETA.

vestra benignitate, quoniam
your
kindness,
since

tarn you so

diligenteT
attentively

attenditis
listen

me,
to-ine,

in hoc
in
this

novo genere dicendi),

novel

quoties
how-ofteu

kind

of pleading),

vidi
*have

ego
I 'seen

hunc,
him,

cum

scripsisset

nullam
not (even)

literam,
a
letter,

when he-had-written

dicere
to recite

ex tempore
extempore

magnum
a great
iis

numerum
number

optimorum
of the best

versuum,
verses,

de
concerning
!

ipsis

rebus,
affairs,

quss
which

turn
'were then

the very

same

agerentur
'transacting

quoties
as-often-as

revocatum
he-was-recalled

dicere
to-repeat

eandem
the

same

rem,
thing (he did
it),

commutatis
with changed

verbis
words

atque
and

sententiis
sentences

Quae vero
vidi
I-have-seen

scripsisset

accurate*
accurately

que
and

cogitate,
with-reflection,

That indeed which he-had-written

ea
them

sic
'to-be so

probari,
'approved,

ut
that 'they (seemed as if)

pervenirent
they-had-attained

ad laudem veterum scriptorum.

to

the praise

of ancient

writers [to the praise

Ego non
bestowed on ancient writers].
'Shall I

diligam hunc
'love
this

not

(man)?

non
not

admirer?
admire
(him)
?

non
'may-I not

putem
'think (that I ought)

defendendum
to

omni
by
all

ratione
means

?
(in

Atqui,

defend (him)

my

power)

Moreover,

sic 'we-have so

accepimus a
'learned

sumnis
most-eminent

que eruditissimis
and
most-learned

from

hominibus
men,
(that)

studia
the studies

et and

doctrina
science

ceterarum
of other

rerum
things

constare
consists

et
both

pneceptis
in-precepts

et and

arte,
art,

poetam valere
(that)

the poet prevailed

natura
(as such)

ipsa,
itself,

by nature et and

et and

excitari
(that)

viribus
by-the-vigour

he-was-excited

mentis,
of (his) mind,

inflari
(that)

quasi
[inspired]
as-if

he-was-breathed-into

quodam
^y-some

divino spiritu.
divine
spirit.

Q.uare

suo

jure

ille

Wherefore by-his-own right

Moes

thit

ORATIO PRO*ARCHIA POETA.

noster
our

141

t'nnius
Ennius

appellat
l

poetas
poets

sanctos,
holy,

quod
becausa

call

yideantur esse commendati nobis quasi

they-seem
to-be

aliquo
by-some

dono
gift

recommended

to us

as-if

atque munere deorum.

and
present
of-the-Gods.

Igitur,
'Let then,

judices, hoc
judges,
'his

nomen
'name

poetse sit
of poet
'be

sanctum apud
sacred

vos,
you,

homines humanissimos,
men
(of J

with

most cultivated

quod
(minds),

nulla
no
et solitudines deserts and

barbaria
barbarous (nation)

unquaurj
ever

which (Dame of poet)

viola vit.
violated.

Saxa
Rocks

respondent
reply

voci
to-the-voice

immanes bestir
(of the poet)
;

saepe
*are often

flectuntur atque
'turned aside

savage
;

beasts

and

eonsistunt cantu
stand-still

nos, instituti
we,

optimis
to-the-best

rebus,
things

by song;

formed

[we who

non
have received the best education], 'may not

moveamur

voce
esse
was

'we-be-moved by-the-voice

poetarum
of the poets?

Colophonii dicunt
The Colophonians

Homerum
Homer

suum
their

say (that)

civem,
citizen,

Chii
the Chians

vindicant
claim (nim as)

suum,
their (citizen),

Salumnii
the Salumnians

repetunt,
reclaim
(him;,

Smyrnae?
the Smyruians

vero
indeed

confirmant
assert (that)

esse
he-was

suum,
theirs,

itaque
(and)
therefore

etiam
also

dedicaverunt
they-have- dedicated
alii

delubrum
a temple

ejm
of.;

in
\n

oppido
(their)

permulti

praeterea
besides

town;

a-great-many other (places)

pugnant
fight

atque
and

contendunt
contend

inter among

se. themselves (for the honour of his birth-place).

9.

Ergo
Therefore

expetunt
they-claim

alienum,
a stranger,
;

quia

fuit

poeta,
a poet,

because he-was

etiam post
even
after
(his)

mortem
death
;

nos
shall

repudiamus hunc
repudiate
this

we

(Archias)

vivum, qui est noster,

ilive,

et

voluntate

who

is

ours,

both by (his) free will

et legibus ? and by (our) law*

142
praeserthn
especially

ORATTD PRO ARtJHIA POETA.

cum
when

olim
heretofore

Archias
Archias

contulerit
contributed

omne
all

(his)

studium
eeal

atque
and

omne
all

ingenium,
talents,

ad
to

celebrandum
celebrating
?

(his)

gloriam
the glory

que laudem
and
praise

Romani
of-the-Roman

populi
people?

Nam
For

et
also

adolescens attigit Cimbricas (when) a-young-inan he-touched-on the Cimbrican

et
with the Cimbri], and

res,
affairs L on the

wars

fuit was

jucundus
durior

illi

C.
C.

agreeable to [was in favour with] that

Mario
Marius

ipsi,
himself,

qui who

videbatur
seemed

ad
to

haec
such

(to be) very-insensible

studia.
studies.

Neque enim
Nor
indeed
is

est
there

quisquam
anyone

tarn aversus
so.

a
to

averse

Musis
the

qui

non

facile patiatur
readily
x

eternum prasconium
the eternal

Muses who 'would not

suffer

panegyric

suorum laborum
of his

mandari
to-be-committed

versibus.
to verse.

Aiuut
They-say
(that)

labours

Themistoclem, ilium
Themistocles,
that

summum
greatest

virum Athenis,
of

men

in

Athens,

dixisse, had said,

cum
when

quaereretur
it-was-inquired

ex
of

eo,
him,

quod acroama, aut cujus

what
player,
or

whoso

vocem,
voice,

libentissime
'he-would most-willingly

audiret;
'hear;

"ejus a
"his

quo
whom

by

sua virtus
his

optime prasdicaretur."
"celebrated."

Itaque
Therefore

virtue [exploits] 'inight-be best

iL'j
tiiis

Marius,
(same)
Marius,

item
also

eximie
greatly

dilexit
loved

L. Plotium,
L. Plotius,

cujus
*by whose

ingenio
'talents

putabat
he thought

ea,
that,

quae

gesserat,

which he-had-performed,

posse celebrari.
could-be celebrated.

Vero totum Mithridaticum bellum,

But
difficile,
difficult (as it was), all

the Mithridatic

war,

magnum
great

atque
and

et and

versatum in multa
carried-on
in

much
est

varietate
diversity
(of success)

terra que mari, expressum

by-land

ab
by

and by-sea,

has-been-related

hoc
dais (Archias)
;

illustrant noL libri which books (of poetry of his) shed-lustre-on n<n

qui

modo
oxilj

ORATIO PRO ARCHIA POETA.

L. Lucullum,
L. Lucullus,
(thatj

143
virum*
man,

fortissimum
most-brave

et and

clarissimum
distinguished

veru'm
but

etiam
also

nomen
the

Romani
of-the-Ruman

populi.
people.

Enim
For

(on)

name

Romanus
'the

populus, Lucullo imperante, apeniit

people,

Pontum
Pontui

Roman

Lucullus

commanding, 'laid-open

vallatum quondam, et
defended
hitherto,

regiis

opibus,

et

natura

both by-the-royal resources, and by-the-nature

ipsa
itself

regionis

of-the-country

exercitus the army

of the

Roinani populi, Roman people,

eodem
the

same

duce,
(Lucullus) being general,
x

non
with no
r

maxima
very large
;

manu
force

fudit
dispersed

innumerabiles copias Armeiorum

countless
forces of

est
-

laus

Romani

Armenians;

it-is

the glory of-the-Roman

populi,
people,
(that)

amicissimam
the-most friendly

urbem
city

Cyzicenorum,
of-the-Cyziceni,

consilio

ejusdem
ex

esse

ereptam atque
delivered-from

by the (wise; counsels of this-same (Lucullus) was

and

servatam
preserved

omni
every

regio
royal

iinpetu,
attack,

ac

ore

from

and frorn-the-mouth

ac
and

faucibus
jaws

belli war [from the of the whole

totius

perils of a destructive

war];

semper
(the glory) 'will always

feretur
be related

et praedicabitur pnd celebrated (as peculiarly)

nostra,
our-own,

L. Lucullo
L. Lucullus

dimicante,
fighting
(as

cum
our general),

classis
the fleet

when

hostium
of-the-enemy
illse

depressa,
was sunk,

ducibus
the

interfectis,
(thereof)

commanders

being slain,

et and

incredibilis
incredible

navalis
naval

pugna apud Tenedus

battle
at

that

Tenedos; (these)

sunt
are

nostra
our

tropaea,
trophies,

nostra
our

monumenta,
monuments,

nostri
our

triumphi.
triumphs.

Quare
Therefore (I say that those men)

quorum
'by

ingeniia
'talents

whose

haec feruntur,
these things)
are-diffused
[are spread out

ab
among
the people],

by

eiis
'.hem
l

fama
is

Romani
of-the-Roman

populi
people

celebratur.
Celebrated.

Noster
Our-own

the glory

144
Ennius
Ennius

ORATIO PRO ARCHIA POfiTA.

fuit was
is

carus
dear

superiori Africano
to the elder

itaque
(Scipio)
;

African

therefore

etiam
also

putatur
is-supposed

esse
to-have-been

constitutes
constituted

e
of

marmore
marble
'

he

in
[to

sepuklro
the sepujhre

Scipionum.
of-the-Scipios.

have been sculptured

in marble]

on

At
But

ejus
'by his

laudifeus
'praises

certfe
certainly

non
not

solum
only

ipsi ?
those,

qui who
people

laudantur,
are praised,

sed
but

etiam
also

nomen
the

Romani
of-the-Roman

populi

name

ornatur.
is

Cato,
Cato,

proavus
the-great-grandfather
;

hujus
of this (Cato, here present,)

honoured.

tollitur in
is

coelum
the skies

magnus honos adjungitur

great

rebus

extolled to

honour

is

attached to-the-affairs
illi

Romani
of-the-Roman

populi.
people.

Denique,
In-tine,

omnes
all

Maximi,
Maximi.

the

Marcelli,
the Marcelli,

Fulvii,
(and)
the Fulvii,

aecorantur,
are honoured,

non
not

sine
without

communi laude nostrum omnium.

the

common
10.

praise

of-us

all.

Ergo
Therefore

nostri majores receperunt ilium, our ancestors received him

[Ennius],

qui who

fecerat
had-done

haec, hominem this (who had written on these subjects) a man (of)

Rudinum
Rudise

in

civitatem;
city

nos
*shall

ejiciemus
'reject

in (their)

(as a citizen);

we

hunc Heracleensem
this

de
from

nostra"
our

civitate,
citizenship, (a

Heraclean

[Archias]

man)

expetitum
sought

multis
by many

civitatibus,
cities,

autem
but
?

in
in

hac
this (our city)

constitutum
constituted

legibus
?

(a citizen) *by (our) 'laws

Nam
For

si
if

quis
any one

putat
thinks

minorem
that a smaller

fructum
harvest

gloriae
of glory

percipi

ex Grsecis versibus,
Greek
;

quam ex
than

Latinis,
Latin verses,

ls-to-be-obtained from

verses,

from

rehementer errat
he greatly
errs

propterea quod Grseca

because
that

leguntur
are read

Greek (works)

ORATIO PRO ARCHIA POETA.

in

145
continentur
are confined

fere omnibus gentibus, nations, all among almost

suis
to-their-<

Latina
Latin (works)

finibus,

exiguis

sane.

Quare

wn

limits,

(and these) small-enough without-doubt. Wherefore

si
if

eae
thesr

res,
things,

quas
which

gessimus
we-have-performed

definiuntur
are-bounded
(only)

regionibus
cupere,
to desire

orbis

terrse,

debemua
we-ought

fcy-lLa-regions of-the-circle of-the-earth [by the whole world],

quo
(that),

tela
the weapons

nostrarum
of our

manuum
hands

whither

pervenerint,

eodem

gloriam
(our) glory

que
and

may-have-reached, (that into) the same (place)

famam
renown

penetrare
Should
ipsis
(also) 'penetrate,-

quod cum haec

because while these (things)

sunt
are

ampla

populis,
people,

de
of

quorum rebus
whose
affairs

scribitur,
it-is-written

illustrious to those

turn
[whose exploits are the subjects of writing], then

certe,
certainly,

hoc
this

est
is

maximum
the greatest

incitamentum,
incitement
iis,
(to tht.

et
encountering), both

periculorum
of dangers

et and

laborum

of labours to those,

qui dimicant de vita, who fight for life,

scriptores
writers

causa
(and)
the cause

glorixe.
of glory.

Quam
How
great
is

multos
many
Alexander

suarum
of his

rerum
exploits
x

is

ille

magnus Alexander
tamen,
yet,

dicitur
*said

habuisse
to-have-had

cum
with

the

se ! him

Atque
And
in

cum
when

adstitisset
he-stood

ad tumulum Acbillis
at

he

the grave

of Achillis

Sigeo inquit, u
said,

fortunate adolescens,
"
fortunate

on (the promontory of) Sigeum

young-man,

qui in veneris who may-have-found

Homerum
a

prseconem
the panegyrist

tuse virtutis."
of thy

Homer
ilia
that

fame."

Et vere
And
truly

:
:

nam
for

nisi
if

Ilias
Iliad 'had (not)

extitisset,
'existed,

idem
the

same

tumulus,
gray*,

qui
which

contexerat ejus
covered
his

corpus,
body,
?

etiam nomen,
even
tire

name

obruisset.
(thereof), would-ha^e-perished.

Quid

nonne
'did not

hie
this

noster
our-own

What?

13

146

0RATI0 PRO ARCHIA POETA.

qui, who,

Magnus,
great

cum
when

adgequavit
he-equalled
(his)

fortunara
fortune

(Poinpey),

virtute
'by (his)

donavit
(and valour)

Theopbanein
Theophanea

Virtue

grant

Mitylenaeum, scriptorem suarum rerum

the Mitylensean,

civitate

the historian

of his

deeds the-rights-of-citizenship

in concione
in

militum

an assembly

of-the- soldiers?

et illi nostri fortes viri, sed and those our men, bnt brave
glorise,
of glory,

rustics

rustici ac milites and soldiers

commoti quadam dulcedine

moved
by a certain

charm

approbaverunt
approved

illud
it

magno
by a great

clamore, quasi parti cepes

shout,
as-if

participants

ejusdem
of-the-same

laudis
praise
?

Itaque
civis

credo

si
if

Archias
Archias

non
*had not

Therefore I suppose

esset
*been

Romanus
a

legibus,
by-the-laws,

ut
that

potuisset
'he-could

non
not

Roman
(it)

citizen

perficere
*have

donaretur
to-pass
(that)

brought

he should-be-presented

civitate
with-the-rights-of-citizenship

ab
by

aliquo
some
et and

imperatore
commander

(of ours) I

Cum
When

Sulla donaret Hispanos

Sylla

Gallos,
the Gauls (the rights of

granted

the Spaniards

credo
citizenship), I suppose

repudiasset
he would-have refused

hunc petentem
him
petitioning

(for the citizenship)

quern whom

nos
[Sylla]

vidimus
(ourselves)

in
in

we
poet

have-seen

concione,
a-public-assembly,

cum malus poeta

when
a bad
ei

de

populo

from (among) the people

subjecisset

libellum,
a petition,

quod
because

had presented him

fecisset he-had-made

epigramma,
an epigram

in eum,
[a short poem], on

tantummodo
only

alternis

longiusculia

him,

in alternate somewhat-longer

versibus,
verses [in alternate hexameters

statim
and pentameters],
ei,
to him,

(that he) immediately

iis

jubere
ordered

premium
a present

tribui
to-be-given

ex
of

rebus, quas
things,

those

which

tunc
be -was

vendebat,
Celling,

sub
under

ea
that

conditione,
condition,
(that;

then

0RATI0 PRO ARCHIA POETA.

147

ne
he-should-not

scriberet quid
write

postea.
hereafter.

Qui
("Would not he),

any-thing

who

duxerit
had-thought

sedulitatem
the industry

mali
of-a-bad

poetae,
poet,

tamen dignam
yet

worthy

(of)

aliquo prsemio,
lome
reward,

expetisset
have-sought-out
(to

ingenium
honour)
the talents

et and

Tirtutem et
*bility

copiam in scribendo hujus ? writing of this (Archias) and copiousness in

'have-obtained (the freedom of the city)

Quid?
?

"What?

neque impetravisset
'could-he neither

a
from

suo
his

familiarissimo
most intimate
(friend)

Q. Metello Pio,
Q. Metello Pius,

qui donavit who had-granted

multos
many
nor

civitate,

neque per se
by himself [by his own request]
?

the-rights-of- citizenship, neither

neque per
by

Lucullos
Luculli?

qui who

prsesertim
[Metellus]
especially

usque
so

eo
greatly

euperet
desired

scribi

de

suis rebus,
his
affairs, [to

to-be-written-on concerning

have

his

ut
poetis
to poets

etiam dederet suas aures

gave
his

deeds commemorated] that 'he also

ears [attention]

natis
born

Cordubae,
at Cordova,

sonantibus
(though)
uttering

quiddam
something

pingue atque peregrinum.

dull

and

barbarous.

11.

Neque
Xor

enim
indeed
;

est
is

hoc
that

dissimulandum,
to-be-dissembled,

quod
which
;

potest
can

non obscurari
not

sed
but

ferendum
is-to-be-brought

prse nobis
before

be-concealed;

us

omnes trahimur
[but must be openly avowed] (that) 'we
all

studio
by-a-desire

'are-drawn-on

laudis,
f praise,

et quisque and each

gloria.
by-glory.

optimus
best (person) [the best of us]

dueitur
l

is

led
illis

maxime
chiefly

Philosophi
Philosophers

ipsi, themselves,

etiam
also

in-those

libellis,
books,

quos
which

scribunt
they-write

de
about

gloria
glory

contenmenda,
to-be-despis-ad,

inscribunt
*>n

suum nomen
their

the contempt of glory]

inscribe

names

(in

the boosal

14*
in
in *-
thsr,

OKATIO PRO ARCHIA POETA.

ipso,

in

quo despiciunt prsedicationem

which they-despise
praise

que

-same (case) in

and

nobili^cem volunt
renown
they-wish

se, ac so to be mentioned themselves, and themselves

praedicari

de

nominal.
named. [They desire
to

Quident
become notorious, and
ille that
to be talked of].

Indeed

Pecimus Brutus,
Decimus Brutus,

summus
great

vir

man

et and

imperator,
commander,

exornavit
adorned

aditus
the approaches

suorum
of his

templorum
temples

ac
and

monumentorum carminibus
monuments
with-the-verses

Attii sui

amicissimi.

of Attius his most-intimate-friend.

Jam
(Arrd) even

vero,
also,

ille

that

Fulvius, qui bellavit cum JEtolis, Fulvius, who fought with the iEtolians,

Ennio
Ennius

comite,

non dubitavit
1

consecrare
to-consecrate

being (his) companion, Mid not

hesitate

manubias Martis
the spoils

Musis,

Quare

imperatores,
generals,

of-Mars to-the-Muses.

Wherefore (when)

in
in

qua urbe prope armati,

any
city

nearly

armed,

[almost with arms in their hands],

coluerunt
revered

nomen poetarum,
the

name

of poets,

et and

delubra
the temples

Musarum,
of-the-Muses,

in ea
in
this
(city)

togati judices debent

civil

non
not

abhorrere

judges

ought

to-be-averse to the

honore Musarum
honour

et

a
to

salute
the safety

poetarum.
of-poets.

of-the-Muses and

Atque,
And,

ut
that

faciatis you-may-do

id
that

libentius,

jam
now
et and

the-more-willingly, 'I-will

judices, indicabo
judges,

me
myself

declare

vobis, to you [reveal ray

feelings to you],

confitebor
I- will-confess

vobis
to

quodam

de
concerning

meo amore
my
love

glorise,
of glory,

you something

fortasse nimis acri,

perhaps
too

verumtamen honesto.
but-yet

Nam
For
'in (his)

hie
this

eager,

honourable.

attigit
(Archias) touched on

atque inchoavit
and
has-begun
(to celebrate)

versibus
Verses

res,
-he deeds,

quas
which

nos
we

gessimus

in

nostro
our

consulatu,
consulship!

have-performed in

ORATIO TRO ARCHIA POETA.

Ainml
together

149
urbis,
city,

cum
with

vobis,
you,

pro
for

salute
the safety

hujus
of this

atque
and

imperii,
the empire,

et and
;

pro vita
for

civium,
of-the-citizens,

que
and

pro
for

universa
the entire

the

life

republica
republic
i

quibus

auditis, quod which (verses) being heard, because

visa est
it

mihi
to

appeared

me

magna
a great

et and

jucunda
agreeable

res,
subject,

hortatus
desiderat
desires

sum

hunc
him

ad
to

I encouraged

perficiendum.
complete
(it).

Enim
For

virtus
virtue

nullam aliam
no
other

mercedem
reward

laborum
of labours

que
and

perieulorum,
dangers,

prseter
except

hanc
that

laudis
of praise

et glorias ; qua and renown; which

est,

quidem judices
indeed

detracta,
being-taken-away,

judges

quid
what
is

quod
that

in
in

hoc tarn exiguo,

this

there,

so

small,

et tarn brevi and so short

curriculo
a course

vitse,
of
life,

exerceamus
(that)

nos
ourselves

in
in

tantis
such

we-should-exert

laboribus? Certe
labours?
Certainly

si
if

animus prgesentiret
the

nihil

in

mind

did-forebode

nothing as respects

posterum,
the future,

et si regionibus, quibus and if in-the limits, in which

spatium vite est

the space
of
life is

circumscriptum,
circumscribed,

terminaret
it-should-bound

omnes suas cogitationes

all
its

thoughts

iisdem,
laboribus, neque
labours,

nee frangeret
break

se
itself

tantis
(down) by-such-great

by-the-same, Ht would not

angeretur
toties
so-often

tot

curis
cares

quo
and
ipsa.
itself.

neither would-it-be-tormented with-so-many

vigiliis,
watchings,

neque
nor

dimicaret
would-it-contend

de
for

vita.
life

Nunc quaedam
Now
excites

virtus insidet in
virtue
resides
in

quoque optimo, qu93

every

a certain

good-man, which
gloriae,
of glory,

concfrat

animum
the

noctes et dies
night

stimulis

mind

and

day by-the-stimulus

atque
and

admonet,
reminds
(it),

commemorationem
(that)

nostri
of our

the

remembrance

nominis esse non

ttame
is

dimittendam
te-be-sent-away

cum tempore
with
the time
of fomO

not

13*

150
vitae,
life,

OKATIO PRO ARCHIA POEl'A.

sed
name
wi]l not perish

adaequandaxn
is-to-be- made-equal

[our

with our

life],

but

cum omni
with
all

posteritate.
posterity. [Will be transmitted to the latest posterity.]

12.

An

vero omnes videamur esse

all

tarn
such

parvi
l

'Do we then indeed

Appear

to be 'of

litile

animi,

qui

versamur
are occupied

in
in

republica,
the republic,
[with

mind, [so narrow minded,] who

atque in his periculis que laboribus

affairs

vitse,
of
life,

of state,]

and

in these

dangers

and

labours

ut
that

cum usque ad extremum spatium

when
even
to

duxerimus
we-have-drawn

the extreme

space

(of life)

nullum
no

tranquillum
tranquil

atque
and

otiosum
peaceful

spiritum,
breath,
(that)

arbitremur
we-should-think

omnia
all

moritura
are-to-perish

simul
together

cum
with

nobis?
us?

things

An,

cum

And-whether, when

multi many

summi
great

homines
men

studiose
'have carefully

reliquerint
left-behind

statuas
statues

et and

imagines
images

simulacra
representations

non
not

animorum,
of-the-mind,

sed
but

corporum,
of-the-body,

debemus non
'ought

multo
l

not

we much-more

malle
to-prefer

relinquere
to-leave-behind (us)

effigiem the emgy

nostrarum virtutum
of our
virtues

ac
and
'of (our)

consiliorum
deliberations

expressam
expressed

et and

politam
elaborated

summis
quse

ingeniis

Ego
I

vero
indeed

arbitrabar,
thought, (that)

omnia,
all,

by-the-greatest geniuses?

gerebam,
spargere
was scattering

jam
already

turn in gerendo,
then
in

which I-was- performing,

performing (them), (that)

me
I

ac disseminare
and
disseminating

in
(them)
for

sempiternara
the et-crnai

memoriam
recollection

orbis
of the circle

terrae.
of-the-earth. [To be perpetually

remembered

Sive
throughout the whole world.]

hsec
this

vero
(remembrance)
indeed

Whether

abfutura est
will-be-absent

a
from

meo
my

sensu
perception

post mortem, sive, ut

after
ieath,
or,

as

0RATI0 PRO ARCHIA POETA.

gapientissirri
the-most-wise

153
ad
to

homines putaverunt,
men
mei.
of myself.

pertinebit
it-will-appertain

have-thought,

aliquam partem
eoine

Nunc
Now

certe
truly

quidem
indeed
I

delector

portion

am

delighted

quadam
with-some-such

cogitation e que spe.

thought

and hope.
-

Quare, judices, conservate hominem

Wherefore,
judges,

eo

pudore,
modesty

preserve

man

(of) such

quern
(in his

videtis
(merit)

comprobari
approved

merit as Archias),

which

you-see

turn
as-well

dignitate

amicorum,

turn
as

etiam
also

by-the-dignity [high rank] 'of his "friends,

vetustate
by-the- long-continuance (of their friendship)
j

autem
but
(his)

ingenio
talent

tanto
being as great

quantum
as

convenit

existimare
ingeniis

id,
it,

quod
which

it-may-be-accorded to appreciate

videatis
you-may-see,

esse
to-have-been

expetitum
sought

summorum

by-the-talents of-the-greatest

hominum
men
,

[his talents

were highly estimated by

illustrious

men

of the greatest

causa
talents themselves.]
(his)

vero
indeed
(is

ejusmodi,
one) of this kind,

quse
which

cause

comprobetur
ay-be- established

beneficio
by-the-benefit

legis,
of-the-law,

auctoritate
by- the- authority

municipii,

testimonio

Luculli,
sint

tabulis

of (his) 'municipality by-the-testimony of-Lucullus, (and) by-the-registera

Metelli.
of Metellus.

Quoe
Which
(things)

cum
judices,
judges,

ita,
so,

when they-may-be
si
if

[which being

so.J

petimus
we-entreat

a
of

v^bis,
you,

debet
there should

esse
be

qua
any

commendar^ non modo humana, verum etiam

commendation
not

divina
divine

only

human,

but

also

in
in

taoti?
such-^reat

negotiis,
affairs,

ut
that

accipiatis
you-would-receive

eum
him

sic
so

in
in

vestra/rj your

fidem,
faith, [protection,]

ut
that

videatur
he-may-seem

esse
to be

levatua
relieved

vestr5
fcy-yoar

humanitate,
kindness,

potius
rather

quam
than

violatus
injured

by (yourj

152
acerbitate,
severity,

OltATIO

PRO ARCHIA POETA.

vos, qui
you,

(he)

qui who

semper ornavit
'has always

Adorned

who

(has celebrated)

vestros
your

imperatores,
cjmmanders,

qui who has (commemorated)

people,

res
the-thinga

gestas
se esse
(that)

Romani

populi, qui etiam profit etur

performed [the exploits] of-the-Roman

who

also

promised

daturum aeternum testimonium laudum,

to give

he

is

an eternal

testimony

of praises^

his
in-thesc

nostris
our

recentibus,
recent,

que
and

vestris
your

domesticis
domestic

periculis,
dangers,

que qui
and

est
is

eo
in that

numero,
number,
(of poets),

who

qui who

'have

semper sunt habiti atque

always
'been-held

dicti sancti
called

apud omnes.
among
all

and

holy

(nations).

Quae
Which

de

causa

dixi

pro

mea
my

(things) in relation (to) the cause I-have-related according to

consuetudine, judices, breviter que simpliciter,

custom,
judges,
briefly

confido
I trust

and

simply,

(and)

ea
^that)

probata esse

omnibus,
by
all (of

quae
you),

those (things) have-been-approved

which

locutus

sum non consuetudine

not
in

l-have-spoken

fori, neque judiciali, accordance with-the-bar, nor judicial

et

de

ingenio

hominis,

et

communiter
in-general

(practice), both concerning the talent

of-the-man, and

de

ipsius studio, ea,

his
studies, these (things),

judices, spero
judges, I-hope

esse
to-have-been

respecting

accepta in
received
in

bonam partem;
good
part;
'

certe

scio

I certainly 'know (they) (w:li bej

ab
by

eo,
him,

qui exercet judicium. who exercises judicature. [Who

presides at this trif

..]

ORATIO

THE ORATION
M. TULLE CICEKCOTS, OF M. TULLIUS CICERO,
PRO

FOR M. MARCELLO.
M.
21

ARC ELL
1

US.

1.

Hodierxus
This

dies,
day,

conscript!
conscript

patres,
fathers,

attulit
bas-brought

fitiem
an end [has made an end]
*of

dintumi
(my)

silentii,
silence,
in

quo
which

Hong

his
in these

teroporibus
times

eram
sed
but

usus,
[haTe indulged
in,]

non
not

I-have-made-use-of,

aliquo
from-anv

timore,
fear,

partini
partly

dolore.
froin-sorrow,

partim
partly

veracundia
from-modesty
;

que idem initium

and
at-the-same-time
the

dicendi, commencement of

saying,

meo
in-iny

pristino more,
ancient

quae

vellem,

que quae

sentirem.
tacitus
silent

manner, what I-might-wish, and

what I-might-think

Enim
(on affairs).

nullo
in-no

modo possum pnxterire

wise

Tor

can-I

pass-oyer

tantam masuetudinem, tarn inusitatam que inauditam

such-great

humanity,

such

unusual

and

unheard-of

clementiam,
clemency,

taritum

modum

omnium
all
.

rerum,
things,

in
in

such-great moderation (in)

Bumiiia
the highest

potestate.

denique,
in-nne,

power, [when possessed of unlimited power,]

g*eh

tarn incredibilem ac piene incredible and nearly

divinam sapientiam. Enim

diyine

wisdom.
(153)

Fo*

154

0RATI0 PRO M. MARCELLO.

reddito,
being-restored,

M. Marcello
M. Marcellus
reipublicae,
to-the-republic,

conscripti
conscript

patres,
fathers,

vobis
to

que
and
et and

you

puto
I-think
(that)

non solum
not
only

illius
his

vocem
voice

auctoritatem,
authority,

sed
but

etiam
also

meam
mine

conservatam
is

ac
and

preserved

restitutam,
restored,

et
both

vobis
to-you

et and

reipublicae.
to-the-republic.

Enim
For

dolebam, conscripti patres,

I grieved,
conscript
fathers,

et and

vehementer
*was vehemently

angebar,
distressed,

cum viderem talem virum,

when
in
I-saw
such

in

eadem
the

a man, (who was) in

same

causa;,
cause,

qua

ego
I

fuissem,
had-been,

non
not

esse
to-be

in
in

eadem
the same

in-which

fortuna
fortune
:

nee poteram
same good fortune with myself,] nor
could-I

[not enjoying the

persuadere
persuade

mihi,
myself,

nee
nor

ducebam
did-I-think

esse fas
that
it

was right

(that)

me
I

versari

in nostro veteri curriculo, illo aemulo

our
old
career,

should-be-engaged in

he

the rival

atque imitatore
and
imitator

meorum studiorum
of-my
studies

ac
and

laborum
labours

(and)

quasi
as-it-were

quodam
an

socio
associate

comite distracto et and companion being-torn

aperuisti

a
from

me.
me.

Et
And

ergo,
therefore,

0. Caesar,
C. Csesar,

mihi

consuetudinem
the habits

you-have-opened to-me

meae
of-my

pristine
former

vitae,
life,

interclusam
(which)
were-closei-on (me),

et and

sustulisti
you-have-raised

quasi
as
(it

aliquod
were)

signum omnibus
standard
for-all

his
those

ad sperandum bene
(here present) to

de
in
in

cmni republica.
republic.

hope

well concerning the entire

Enim
For

intellectum est
it-was-made-apparent

mihi,
to

multis,

me,

many

(instances),

et and

maxime
principally

in
in

me
my

ipso,

sed paulo ante

a
little

omnibus,
to all

myself, (and) but

before (now)

cum
(here present),

concessisti
you-granted

M. Marcellum
M. Marcellus

senatui
to-the-senat*

when

ORATIO PRO M. MARCELLO.

que
and

155

Romano
to-the-Roinan

populo, praesertim
people,

commeiuoratis

especially (after) having-made-mention

offensionil: us,
(of his)
offences, (that)

te you

anteferre auctoritatem huj'is

would-prefer
the authority
of rhis

ordinis,
order,

que dignitatem reipublicae, vel

and
the dignity

tuis

[the senate]

of-the-republic, either tr-yoar

doloribus vel suspicionibus.

resentments
or
suspicions.

Hie
He
reward
(Marcellus)

quidem hodierno
indeed
to-day

die

cepit
received

maximum
the greatest

fructum omnis
of
all (his)

anteactse
past

vitas,
life,

cum
as-well

summo
by-the-unanimoua

consensu senatus, turn praeterea

consent
of the senate,
as

tuo
in

gravissimo
[Caesar's]

moreover

your

most-solemn
intelligis,

et and

maximo
supreme

judicio.
judgment.
sit
is

Ex
From
laus
the

quo
this

profecto
indeed

you (may)

quanta
understand,

in
(to

beneficio
(this)

how-great

renown

you) in

benefit

dato,
conferred, [by granting Marcellus this kindness]

cum
when
in accepto.
him)
in

sit
there
is

tanta
so-much

gloria
glory
(to

Hie vero
(it).

est
is

fortunatus,
fortunate,

receiving

He

indeed

ex
from

salute
the safety

cujus
of

non
not

paene
scarcely

minor
less

whom
all,

lsetitia joy
,

pervenerit
will accrue

ad
to

omnes,

quam ventura
than

sit

ad ipsum.
to

may

arrive

himself.

Quod
[Tluin he himself

quidem
(favour)

may

feel,

when he hears
and
illo

it.]

Which

indeed

contigit

ei

merito, atque

optimo
with-the-best

jure.
right.

Enim
For

has-happened to-him deservedly,

quis est prasstantior

aut
either

nobilitate,
in nobility (of birth),

who

is

more-excellent (than)

he

aut probitate, aut

or

studio
the zealous
(cultivation)

optimarum
of-the-most-liberal

probity,

or

artium,
arts,

aut
or in

innocentia,
purity -of-life,

aut
or

in

ullo any

genere
kind

laudis.
of-praiseworthy-actiong.

156
2.

0RATI0 PRO M. MARCELLO.

Tantum flumen
Such a
stream

ingenii est nullius,

of genius
is

of-no-one, [no one possesses

tanta
euch a flow of genius,]

such

copia vis tanta power and such copiousness

quae,
which,
l

dicendi
of-speaking

aut
or

scribendi
of-writing
(has)

nullius,
no-one,

non
I-will not

dicam
'say

exornare,
to-embellish,

sed
but
(even)

C. Caesar
C. Csesar

possit
(that)

he-migbt-be-able

enarrare tuas res gestas.

to-relate

Tamen
However

affirmo (et
I assert

tua
esse
is

your

exploits.

(and with your

pace
permission

dicam
I-will-say

hoc,)
this,)

nullam.
(that)

laudem
renown
earn,
that,

no

ampliorem
more-glorious

in
in

his,
these
(exploits)

quam
than die.

quam
which

consecutus es hodierno
you-have-acquired

Soleo
libenter
willingly

saepe

ponere
to place

this day.

I-am-accustomed often

ante
(this)

oculos,
eyes,

que
and

usurpare
to-maintain

id
it

before (my)

crebris
in frequent

sermonibus,
conversations,
(that)

omnes
all

res gestas nostroruni

the deeds
of-our

imperatorum,
commanders,

omnes
all

exterarum
of foreign

gentium,
nations,

que
and

(those)

potentissimorum populorum, omnes

of-the-most-powerful
people,
all

clarissimorum

(those) of-the-most-celebrated

regum,
kings,

posse conferri
can-be-compared

cum
with

tuis,
yours,

nee
neither

magnitudine
in-the-greatness

contentionum, nee
of-the-contests,

numero

praeliorum, nee

varietate

nor in-the-number of-the-battles,

nor in-the-variety

regionum,
of-the-countries,

nee
nor

celeritate
in-the-celerity

conficiendi,
of-performing,
;

nee
nor

difesimilitudine
in-the-diversity
(of character)

bellorum
of-the-wars;

nee
nor

vero
indeed (that)

disjunctissimas
the-most-widely-separated

terras
countries

potuisse
could-have

peragrari
bcen-travelled-over

citius
more-rapidly

passibus
by-the-footsteps

cujusquam,
of-any-one,

quam,

non

than, 'I-will no*

0RATI0 PRO M. MARCELLO.

dicam,
'say,

157
sed
Out

lustratse

smt

cursibus,
by-(your)-marcues,

may-have-been-passed-through

victoriis.
by-(your)-victories.

Quae
Which
ita
bo

quidem
(things)

nisi
unless

ego
I

fatear

esse

indeed

should confess (that) they-are

magna, ut
great,

vix
ea,

mens
mind

aut cogitatio cujusquam

or

that

scarcely the

imagination

of-any-one

possit
could

capre
alia

sim

aniens

sed tamen
yet

comprehend them, I-would-be devoid- of-reason; but

sunt
there-are

majora.
verbis

Nam
For

quidam
some

solent
are-accustomed

other (things) greater.

extenuare
to-depreciate

bellicas laudes,
praises,

que
and

by

(their)

words [by their remarks] military

detrahere eas
to -detract

dueibus,

communicare
to share

those (praises) from-the-generals, (and)

(them)

cum
with

multis,
the many, [with the soldiers,] (so that) they
x

ne
may
not

sint
x

bo

propria
virtus

imperatorum.
militum,

Et
And

certe,

'n

armis

the peculiar (right) of-the-commanders.

certainly, in military-affairs

opportunitas locorum,
the opportunity of-the-places, [advantage of

the bravery of-the-soldiers,

auxilia sociorum, classes

position,] the assistance of allies,
fleets

commeatus juvant
(and)
supplies

help

multum
much

vero Fortuna vindicat

but

sibi

maximam
war) the greatest

Fortune

claims

for herself (in

;

partem,
part
(of success),

quasi
as

suo jure
ducit
she-considers

her-own right;

et and

quidquid
whatever

est

gestum

pr6spere,
successfully,

id
it

psene
almost

omne
all

has-been- done

suum.
her-own (work).

At
But

vero,
truly,

C. Caesar,
C. Csesar,

babes neminem socium hujus

you-have
no-one
(as) a partner

of this

gloriae,
glory,

quam

Totum es adeptus paulo ante. AU which you-have-obtained a little before. [Just now.]
est,
it is,

hoc,
this,

quantumcunque
how-(great)-soever

(quod

certe

maximum),
(is)

(and which certainly

very great),

14

158
esc totum,
is

0RATI0 PRO M. MARCELLO.

inquam, tuum. Centurio decerpit
I-say,

nihil

o^

all,

yours.

The centurion

plucks

nothing from

ista
this

laude
renown

sibi,
for himself,

pnefectus

nihil,

cohors

the prefect (of cavalry) nothing, the cohort

nihil,
^cf infantry) nothing,

turma

nihil.

Quin etiam
2say

the troop (of cavalry) nothing.

even

Fortana,
jane,

ilia
that

ipsa
same

domina hurnanarum rerum,

mistress

non
does n<A

of-human

affairs,

offert

se

in societatem istius glorise,

the society
;

present herself in

of-this

glory (as a participant thereof),

cedit
he cedes

tibi
(all) to

fatetur

esse totam et propriam

it is

you; she confesses (that)

all

and

peculiarly

tuam.
yours.

Emm
For
nor

nunquam

temeritas
'is

commiscetur cum
'mingled

rashness

with

sapientia, nee
wisdom,
'is

casus admittitur ad consilium.

chance
'admitted
to

the-counsels (of prudence).

3
coulling

Dornuisti
.re-conquered

gente3
nations

barbaras
barbarous

immanitate,
'by (their) 'ferocity,

innumerabiles

multitudine,
'in (their;

infinitas

locis,
(as respects) space,

'numbers,

immense

abundantes
vie

omni
in all

genere
kinds

copiarum
of-resources

;
,*

sed
but

tamen
yet

ea,

quse
ixich

habebant
had

naturam
the nature

et and
est

conditioners,
condition,

ut
that

possent
they-might

vinci

;
j

enim
for

be-conquered

thcre-i3

nulla

vis
stre
-

tanta,
ai

quae
which

possit

non
not

may
To-.

debilitari be-weakened

que
and

frangi ferro
broken

ac
1

viribus.
force.

Vineere animum, cohibere

ind,
to-i

iracundiam, temporare victoriam, non

anger,
to- temper

modo
only

extollere
to-raise-up

victory,

not

jacentem adversarium prsestantem

virtute,

nobilitate, ingenio
in-noble-birth,
t

sed
but

etiam

amplificare
to- enlarge

ejus

prLstinam

dignitatem
dignity;

non qui faciat haee, ego Mo not I d.es this, who

compare eum
'compare

him

ORATIO PRO M. MARCELLO.

159
simillimum

eum
Jritb

summis
tLvmost-illustrious

viris,

sed judico
but
think

men,

(him

as)

most

Deo.
like to

God.

Itaque,
Therefore,

C. Caesar,
C. Caesar,

illae

those

tuae your

bellicae
warlike

laudes
praises

celebrabuntur quidem non solum nostris

will-be-celebrated

Uteris
literature
;

atque
and

indeed

not

only

in-our

Unguis,
language,

sed

paene

omnium gentium
'all

neque
nor

but (in that) *of almost

nations

unquam
'will

ever

ulla aetas conticescet de tuis laudibus. praise. any 'be-silent about your age

Sed
But

tamen
yet

res
things

ejusmodi,
of-this-kind,

nescio
I-know-not

quomodo, etiam cum

how,
even

when

leguntur,
they-are-read,

videntur
appear

obstrepi
to-be-overpowered
(in noise)

clamore
by-the-shouta

militum,
of-the-soldiers,

et sono and by-the-sound

tubarum.
of-the-trumpet.

At
But

vero,
indeed,

cum
when

aut
either

audimus,
we-hear,

aut
or

legimus
read
(that)

aliquid
something

factum
has-been-dona

clementer,
clemently,

mansuete,
humanely,

juste,
justly,

moderate,
moderately (and)

sapienter,
wisely,

(praesertim in iracundia,,
(especially

quae est
which
is

inimica
inimical

in

anger,

Ho (prudent)
et and

consilio,
'counsel,

et in and in
;

victoria,
victory,

quae natura est insolens

which by nature
is

insolent

superba)
haughty)
;

quo

studio

incendimur,
are-we-inflamed,

non modo
not
fictis,

in
in

with what ardour

only

res

gestas,

sed
but

etiam in
even
in

ut

things (a?tually) performed,

fictitious (things), that

ssepe
often

diligamus
we-love
te, you,

eos,
those,

quos whom

nunquam vidimus
'we-have

never

'seen

Vero
But

quern

intuemur
we-behold (here)

praesentem,
present,

cujus
whose

whom

mentem
mind

que
and

sensus
feelings

cernimus
we-perceive

eos, them

ut
(to

be such),

tha*

quidquid
ail-that

fortuna
the fortune

belli
of

reliquum fecerit
may-have-left

reipublicae,
to-the-republic*

war

160
velis you-wish

OftATIO
id
that

PRO M. MARCELLO.
quibus
with-whas
?

esse
to-be

salvum,
safe (and secured to the republic),

laudibus
praises

efferemus

quibus studiis ? shall-we-extol(you)? with-what zeal

benevolentia
affection

prosequemur
shall-we-follow
?

qua
(ycu)
?

cotnplectemur

with-what

shall- we-embrace (yea) ?

Parietes
The
(very) walls

hujus
of this

curiae,
senate-house,

me
may

dius fidius
Jupiter help

me [most

as-

(ut videntur mihi) gestiunt agere gratias suredly] (as they seem to me) exult to return thanks

tibi,
to you,

quod
because

brevi
in-a-short
sit,

tempore
time

ilia
that

auctoritas
authority
(of the senate)

futura
sedibus
seats,

in
in

et
both

his suis
these their [the senators'l

will-hereafter-be, [will be restored]

suorum majorum.
of their

(and that)

ancestors.

Equidem cum viderem modo cum

Indeed

vobis
[senators]

when

I saw

just-now

with you
viri,

lacrymas
the tears

C. Marcelli,
pietate,

optimi

of C. Marcellus, a most-excellent

man,

et and

proediti endowed

commemorabili
with-recommendable

memoria omnium
of all

affection (for his brother), the recollection

Marcellorum
the Marcelli

obfudit
gushed over

meum
my

pectus.
heart.

M. Marcello
M. Marcello

conservato,

tu

reddidisti

suam dignitatem etiam

their

being-preserved, you [Caesar] have restored

dignity

even

quibus
(to those Marcelli)

mortuis
are-dead;

que
and

vindicasti
you-have-saved

who

nobilissimam
a-most-noble

familiam,
family,

jam
now

redactam
reduced

ad
to

paucos
few

psene
(in

ab
from

interitu.
perishing.

Tu
You

igitur
therefore

jure
with-right

number) nearly

antepones hune diem

will-prefer
this

day

to

tuis maximis et and your greatest

innumerabilibus
countless

gratulationibus.
congratulations.

Enim
For

haec
this

res
affair

est propria
is

the peculiar (right)

Caesaris unius; ceterae gestae, te

)f Cassar

duce,

alone

other

deeds,

you being the general, (though*

0RATI0 PRO M. MARCELLO.

illae
fchey

161

magnse
(were;

quidem,
indeed,

sed
but

tamen
yet (were performed)

great

nrnlto que with a num&rcus and

magno
great

comitatu.
train (of associates).

Autem
But

tu
you

es
are

idem

et

dux
general

at-the-same-time both

et and

comes
associate

hujus
of this

rei
affair

quae
(of pardoning Marcellus);

quidem
indeed

est tanta,
is

ut
that (though

which

so-great,

age

setas allatura sit finem may-bring an end

to

tuis tropseis que your trophies and

monumentis,
monuments,

(emm
(for

est nihil
is

factum opere aut

made
by labour
or

maim
by the band
(of

(there)

nothing

man)

quod
which

aliquando
some-time-or-another
;

vetustas
length-of-time

non
'may not

conficiat
'dissipate

et and

consumat)
consume);

at

vero

but yet-indeed

haec tua justitia et lenitas this your justice and lenity

ita
so

animi
of

quotidie
'will

florescet magis,
'become more 'celebrated,

ut
that

mind

every day

quantum
as

diuturnitas
as-length-of-time

detrahet
will-detract

tuis
from your

operibus,
deeds,

much

tantum
go-much

afferat
may-it-add
(to

laudibus.
your)
glory.

Et
And
(in)

quidem
indeed

viceras

omnes ceteros
all

victores
conquerers

civilium
the civil

as-you-may-have-surpassed

other

bellorum jam ante

wars

sequitate

now

before [that have happened before now] in equity

et and

misericordia, vero hodierno die

mercy,

but

this

vicisti te ipsum. day you-have-surpassed yourself.

Vereor,
t-fear,

ne hoc, quod dicam, possit non

lest

perinde
equally- as- well

that,

which

I-say,

may

not

intelligi
be understood

auditu,
by the hearing,
[by those only hearing
it

mentioned],

atque
as

ipse
I-myself

sentio
feel
(it,

cogitans.
when)
reflecting (thereon).

Videris
You-appear

vicisse
to-have-conquered

victoriam
victory

ipsam,
herself,

cum
when
had

remisisti
you-bave-remittect

victis
iO-the-conquered

ea,
those things

quae
which

ilia she

erat adepta.
obtained (for yon)

14*

162

OKATIO PRO M. MARCELLO.

conditione
victorise ipsius
of victory
self

Nam cum
For

ornnes
'we
all

when by-the-conditions

(who wef e)

jure occidissemus, victi r have-fallen (by the sword, or been ruined conquered 'might by right

sumus conservati
in our estates),

judicio
by-the-judgment

tugs
of your

we-have-been-preserved

clemency.

cleinentise. [By your merciful

Recte igitur
decision.]

unus

Rightly therefore (you) alon8

es

invictus,

are uneonquered, by

quo etiam conditio que vis victorias whom even the conditions and power cf victory

ipsius
self

devicta est. have-been-conquered.

5.

Atque
And

conscripti
O-conscript

patres,
fathers,

attendite
observe

quam
how

late
far

hoc
this

judicium
decision

C. Caesaris
of- C.

Caesar

pateat ; may extend;

ilia
that
(civil)

enim omnes,
for
all,

'we,

qui who

sumus compulsi ad
'were

compelled

(in)

arraa, war (to take up arms),

nescio
I-know-not

quo
by-what
etsi

misero
miserable

que
and

funesto
fatal

fato
destiny

reipublicgs,

tenemur
liberati

aliqua
some

culpa humani
fault

of-the-republic, although we-are-charged with

of-human

erroris,
error,

certe
'we certainly

sumus

a
from

scelere.
crime.

Nam,
For,

'are liberated

cum, vobis deprecantibus, sconservavit M. Marcellum

when,

you

entreating,

he preserved

M. Marcellus
et and

reipublicae

reddidit
nullo
no-one

memet
me

mihi,
to-myself,

iterum
once-more

to-the republic (also); he restored

reipublicye,
to-the-republic,

deprecante,
entreating
(for me),

(he also restored)

reliquos
those-other

amplissimos viros men illustrious

sibi ipsis et both to themselves and

et

'to (their)

patriae;
'country

quorum
whose

et
both

frequentiam
numerous-concourse

et and

dignitatem
dignity

videtis in
you see
in

hoc ipso consessu.

this

Ille

non induxit
'has not

same

-assembly.

He

'brought (any)

hostes
enemies

in
into

curiam
the-senate-house (by this)
;

sed
but

judicavit,
he-has-decided (that;,

0RATI0 PRO M. MARCELLO.

bellum
the

163
potiug

esse
was

susceptum
undertaken

a
by

plerisque
the-niost
(of

war

them)

rathe*

ignoratione
from- wan t-of-knowledge (of his real

falso atque et intentions) and from a false and

inani
groundless

metu,
fear (of him),

quam
than

cupiditate aut
from cupidity
or

crudelitate.
from-the-cruelty

In quo bello quidem

(of rayenge).

semper
'I

putavi
^ave-thought

In which

war

indeed

always

de
dolui

pace

audiendum,
sed
but

que
and

semper
*I

(that proposals) respecting peace ought-to-be-listened-to,

always

non

modo
only

pacem,
peace,

orationem etiam
the entreaties

grieved (that) not

even

civium

flagitantium

paeem

repudiari.
should-be-rejected.

Enim ego
For
I

of citizens earnestly-begging (for) peace

unquam
never

secutus

sum
[took a part in]

neque

ilia,

nee ulla
or

followed

either (in) these,

any

civilia
civil

arma
war;

que semper mea consilia fuerunt socia counsels and always my were-associated
togae,
the-gown,
[civil affairs

pacis
(with) peace

et and

non
and
pursuits,]

not (with)

belli

atque armorum,
and
arms.

Secutus sum hominem

I-followed
the

war

man [Pompey]
;

privato
from (a sense of )
private

officio,
duty,

non
not

publico
public;

que
and

tantum
so-great

fidelis

memoria
non modo

grati
grateful

animi
mind

valuit
prevail

Mid the

faithful

remembrance of a

apud me, ut
over

nulla cupiditate,
no
desire

me, that (there was) not

only (through)

sed
(of advantage),

quidem ne
indeed

spe,

prudens
prudent

but

not (even through) hope,

et sciens and knowing

ruerem
I-rushed-on

ad voluntarium interitum.
to

voluntary

destruction.

Quod quidem meum consilium

And
indeed

my
For

"

views

fuit were (on

this subject) (notj

minime
in-the-least

obscurum.
dissembled.

Nam

et in
also in

hoc ordine,
this

order (of the senate),

re integra,
Ihe thing being entire, [the

dixi
war not having yet broken
out]

multa
mucii

I-said

164

-.:::

??.:

eadem,
eoneernirg

peace;

and

in

,-.

If

'I-was-of the

same ^pinioiv

m
e~i:

cum
with

perieulo
the-riii

mei

capitis.

Ex

quo
which

nemo
no-on*

jam
now

torn
*be so

injustus

existimator
a judge
':'.

rernin,

qui

might doubt,

faerit Csesaris what may-have-been Caesars

s::\:i_:

uni is

in :=-_.::._ 5

::":.
~ar,

01: when

Cciis'ieri:

*he immediate!y 'thought (that)

:

the advisers

of peace

conser vand ; 5
ught-to-be-preserved,

God :
he-was

iratior.
more-irritated.

(but) with-th

::I len

A:
r.zi

minus rnirum
perhaps
it

turn,
then,

cum
when
;

e
the-r

(was)
ei

leas

>:range

ssei might-be

ineertoSj
uncertain,

fortuna
the fortune

belli
of- war

an : ej s
doubtful;
is

f
bu:

and

qui.
rho

diligit victor, lores a conqueror,

anetoree
:_ f

pacis,

profec

::::.::
declares
(that)

se he

maluisse
would-rather

non
not

dim::

re,

have-foc^

than

_..--.

urr;

I.

"!_:.:

lie

~: 7.1

;.

.-.

:ve preferred peace to civil war.]

6.

A: que

sum quadorn
:

t es:is

hujus
is refrf::*
:_:s

rei
:_I_i

-._

.155
nostri

ML

M
7.-5.

I i-i-i
J
:

sensns,
opinions,

sempei
as *they
a

congruebant
j-

in pace, sic
in peace,

etiam turn in bello.

even

Quoties
How-often

~:

so

when

in

war.

egc
-.-.-^

1ri
:

ii

eum,
Liz:,

sien

et azl

cum
wi:h

quanto
what great

dolore,
_.-. 7 :.

extimescentem
-_

cum
as-well

insolentiam certorum hominum,

the insolence of certain

-_-

men,

turn
=

etiam
:

ferocitatem
thefert:

victoriae
of victory
self!

i:

Wher
:ior

CL Caesar,

tua
qui
tt_:

liberalitas

deb:"

esse

nobis,

vidimus
L .-- -;tt_

i i:. those (things).

Enim

jam
ne*

0RAT1O PRO M. MARCELLO.

causae
the causes (of the two parties, namely, that of

16o

Pompey and

Caesar,

are

non
not

sunt comparandae
Ho-be-compared
(or discussed)

inter among

se, themselves,

seel

but

vitoriae.
(the use that

Vidimus
exitu

would be made) of victory (by each, may be). We-have seen

tuam victoriam terminatam

your
victory

praeliorum
'of (your) 'battles;

terminated

with-the-result

non vidimus gladium vacuum vagina,

'we-have
not
'seen

in
in

urbe.
the city.

the sword

unsheathed,

Cives, The citizens,

quos amisimus, whom we-have-lost,

vis

Marti8 perculit eos

Mars
;
;

the force of

'struck

*hem

non
Mown
ought
[they
fell

ira

victoriae

ut
so-that

nemo
no-one
fieri,

in battle]

not

by-the-fury of victory

debeat dubitare quin

to

C. Caesar,
C. Ceesar,

si
if

posset

doubt

but-that

it-could-have been-done,

excitaret
would-have-raised.

multos many
acie army
(of

ab inferis ; from the dead,*

Pompey)
(those)

quoniam
since

conservat
he-preserves

ex
from

eadem
that-same

quos potest. whom he-can.

Vero
But

alterius partis,
(as inspects) the other

dicam

nihil amplius,
more,

party (of Pompey), I-will-say nothing

quam
than

(id
(that

quod
which 'we

omnes verebamur)
all

victoriam
victory

'feared)

(that)

futuram fuisse
would-have-been

nimis
too

iracundam.
revengeful.

Enim
Eor

quidam
some

minabantur
threatened

non
not

modo
only
(their)

armatis,
armed
otiosis
(opponents),

sed
but

interdum etiam
sometimes
also

(those

who were)

quiet, (and

cMfr

no part in the

dicebant
contest)
;

cogitandum
(that)

esse,

nee
not

quid
what

they-said

it-was-to-be-considered,

quisque
each-one

sensisset,
might-think,

sed
but

ubi
where

fuisset

;
,

ut quidera
that

he-had-been

indeed

immortales Dii videantur mihi the immortal Gods seem to me

pcenas
inflicted

(etiamsi
(even-though

expetiverint
they-may-have

Eomano
Roman

populo,
people,

oh
on-account-of

aliquod
somf

punishment

on the

166

0RATI0 PRO M. MARCELLO,

offence,

delictum, qui excitaverint tantum et tarn luctuosum who stirred-up so-great and mournful a so
civile

bellum)
war)

vel
*are either

jam
now

placati,
Appeased,

vel
or

aliquandc
at-length

civil

satiati,
satiated,

contulisse
(and that)

omnem
all

spem
hope

salutis
of safety

they-have-brought

(our)

ad
to

clementiam
(depend on) the clemency

et sapientiam victoris. and wisdom of-the-cono ueror. 1

Quare
Wherefore

gaude
rejoice

isto
in-this

tuo tarn excellenti

your
so

bono;
a privilege;

excellent

et fruere enjoy and

cum
as well (your)

fortuna et gloria, turn etiam

fortune

and

glory,

as

also (your)

natura,
kind-disposition,

et

and

tuis moribus ; your amiable-manners,*

ex

quo quidem
indeed

from which

est
there
is

maximus
the greatest

fructus que jucunditas

fruit

sapienti.
to-the-wise-man.

and

pleasure

Cum
When

recordabere
you-call-to-your-recollection

tua
your

cetera,
other
(actions of
life),

persaepe etsi although you 'will very-often

congratulabere

virtuti, Congratulate (yourself on your) valour,

tamen
yet

plerumque
often

(you will have

to

thank)

tuae your

felicitati.
good-fortune.

Quoties
salvos
eafe

cogitabis

As-often-as you-shall-think

de nobis, quos whom of us,

simul
together

voluisti
you-have-wished
te,
yourself,

esse
to

be

in
in

republica
the republic

cum
with

toties
so-often

cogitabis
you-will-think

de
of

tuis your

maximis
very-great

benefices,
favours

(bestowed on us),

totie3

de

incredibili liberalitate, toties

incredible
;

so-often-will-you-think of (your)

liberality,

so-often

de tua
of

singulari sapientia
unexampled

quae

audebo

dicere
to

your

wisdom

,*

which I-will-venture

say (are)

non modo
act

summa
greatest

bona,
goods,

sed
but

nimirum
certainly

vel
even (your)

only, (your)

sola.
:>nly.

Enim
For

tantus
so great

est
is

splendor
the splendour

in
in

vera
true

laude,
praise,

fcanta
to great

dignitas
(u thej
dignity

in
in

magnitudine
greatness

animi
of

mind

et anc

OKATIO PRO M. MARCELLO

consilii,
of counsel,

167
a
by

ut
that

haec
these

videantur
appear

esse donata
to-be-given

virtute,
virtue,

cetera
she others

commodata
confided

a
by

fortuna.
fortune.

Noli
Do-not

igitur
therefore

defatigari
becoine-wearied

in
in

conservandis
preserving

bonis
good

wis
men

lapsis,
fallen,

praesertim
especially

non
not

cupiditate,
by cupidity,

aut
or

aliqua
any

pravitatate,
depravity

sed
(of disposition),

opinione
by a sense

officii 3
of duty,

fortasse
perhaps

stulta,
foolish, (but)

but

certe
certainly

non
not

improba,
wicked,

et and

quadam
by-a-certain

specie
appearance (of duty)

reipublicae.
to-the-republic.

Enim
For
;

est
it is

non
not

ulla culpa tua, si aliqui any fault (of) yours, if some

timuerunt te
feared

que

contra
on-the-contrary
(it is

summa
your)
greatest

laus,
praise,

y u > and

quod
that

plerique
the-most

senserunt

timen-

have-become-sensible (that) you-were (not)

dum
7.

fuisse

minime.
in-the-smallest (degree).

to-have-been-feared

Vero nunc venio ad tuam gravissimam querelam,

But

now

come

to

your
;

most-hea^y

complaint,

et atrocissimam severe and

suspicionem
suspicion
;

quae est
which
is

providenda,
to-be-guarded-againstj

non magis
not
the more

tibi

ipsi,

quam cum omnibus

than
also
for-all

civibus,
the citizens,

for-you yourself,

turn
then

maxime

nobis,

more-especially for-ourselves,

qui sumus conservati a who have-been preserved by

te;
you;

quam

etsi which (suspicion) though

spero
I-hope (that
it)

esse
is

falsam,
false,

tamen
yet

nunquam
^-will

extenuabo
Extenuate
(it)

never

verbis. by (my) words.

Enim
For

tua
your

cautio
caution
(for yourself )

est
is

nostra
our

cautio
caution; (so)

ut
that

si
if

pecandum
niniis
too

sit it-may-be-erred

in
in

alterutro,
on-either
(side),

malim
I-would-rather

videri
seem-to-bo

timidus,
timid,

quam parum
than
too-little

prudens.
prudent, [imprudent]

Sed
Bu*

168

OltATIO
est
is

PRO M. MARCELLO. demens

?

quisnam
who

iste
this-one

tarn
so

ne
whether
(is

de
he) of

senseless?

tuis your-own
1

(friends)

tametsi qui sunt magis tui, more your who are and-yet
insperantibus
without-hoping-for-it

qu&m
(friends),

than

(those)

to

quibus whom

tu

reddidisti you have-restored

salutem?
safely?

an
or-any

ex

eo

numero, qui fuerunt una cum te?

number,

from-among that

who had-been

togetber-with you (in tha

Est
war)
?

non
not

credibilis
credible (that there should be)

tantus
such

furor
madness
sit

It-is

in
in

ullo,
any-one,

ut,

quo
omnia,
all (his wishes),

duce
general

that (the general), through which

he-may-hav6

adeptus
attained

summa
vitam
life

non anteponat
'he-should not

the height (of)

prefer

hujus
this (general's)

suae.
to-his-own.

At
But

si
if

tui cogitant your (friends) think (or plan)

nihil
nothing

sceleris,
of wickedness
(against you),

cavendum
quid.

est,

I-suppose-it-must-be-cared-for,

ne
lest (your)

inimici

Qui?
aut amiserunt

enemies (might do) pny-thing (against you). "Who (are they)?

Enim omnes,
For
all,
.

qui fuerunt who w-re (your

enemies),

^ave

either

Uost

vitam
(their)
lives

sua
by-their
;

pertinacia,
obstinacy,

aut retinuerunt
or

they-preserved (them)

tua
b3'-your

misericordia
me^cy;

ut

aut

so-that either

nulli none

de
of (your)

inimicis
enemies

supersint,
remain,

aut,
or
(those),

qui who

superfuerunt
have-remained

sint
are (your)

amicissimi.
m<>3t-devoted-friends.

Sed tamea, cum

But
latebrae,
hiding-places,

sint

in animis

hominum
of

tantse
so

however,

as

there are in the minds

men

many

et and

tanti so-many

recessus,
(secret)

augeamus
let-us-increase

recesses,

sane tuam suspicionem, enim

then

simul

augebimus
quis who
est,
is

your

suspicion,

for

at-the-saine-time we-shall-increase

diligentiam.
(your)
diligence (and circumspection).

Nam
For

tarn
ec

there,

0RATI0 PRO M. MARCELLO.

jgnarus
ignorant

169
in
in (the affairs of

omnium
of ail

rerum,
things,

tarn
bo

rudis
unskilled

republica,
iblic,

tarn
bq

nihil cogitans
sss

unquam
[as]

nee
qui who Mcea
salute,
si.

never

(to reflect) either

de
about

sua
his-own

salute,
safety,

nee
or

de
about

eommuni.
the sornmon
safely),

non
et

intelligat
oat

suam
his-own
safetj

contineri
is

tua

comprised in-your

ex
bat

tua
your

vita
life

unius pendere
l::;
te (at yon ?.s
depends (the
lives)

omnium?
of all
?

on

Equidem, cogitans de
iking
of

debeo) dies que noctes,

I ought]

day

and

night,

extimesco duntaxat
I fear only
(those)

humanos
human

casus,
accidents
to

which

all are

et

incertos
the uncertain

eventus
events
;

valetudinis,
-.;'-_.

and

et and

fragilitatem

communis naturae
'common
nature;

que
and

doleo
I-grieve (that)

the weakness 'of (our)

cum

respublica
in
on

debeat
might

esse
tc

immortalis,
immortal,
(thai]

earn
it

>e

.istere
riids

anima unius mortalis.

the
life

Vera
(man).

si
if

ad
to

of-

one

mortal

But

humanos
human
valetudinis,
of health,

casus.

que
nd

incertos
:"_:

eventus
events

uncertain

accedit
there-is-added

consensio
the conspiracy

sceleris
of crime

que
and

insidiarum,
treachery,

quern
then irhat
si

Deum
G-:l

credamus
mU-at we-:L:nk

posse opitulari
could
assist

reipublicae,
tha republic,

cupiat.
he-desire
'to

(even)

if

do

so).

8.

Omnia,
All thing:

quae, C. Caesar,
which
C. Caesar,

sentis jacere perculsa yon perceive to lie knocked-d.

belli

atque
and

prostrata

impetu
sunt
these]

ipsius,
itself,

(quod
(which

by-the-violence of war

fuit wa3

necc
judicia
the-tribunals-of-justice

excitanda
fco-be-raised-np

tibi;
by you,*

are

constituenda
are-to-be-established

(on their ancient footing)

15

170
fides
confidence

ORATIO PRO M. MARCELLO.

revocanda,
is-to-be-restored,

libidines
licentiousness

comprimeudae,
is-to-be-repressed,

soboles

propaganda;

omnia
all-things,

quae
which

jam
now

dilapsa,
fallen-to-pieces/

population is-to-be-increased;

fluxerunt,
(are fast perishing and)

vincienda sunt
are-to-be- bound (together

passing away,

and

severis
reinstated)

legibus.
laws.

Fuit non reeusandum,

It-was

by severe
civili

not

to-be-denied

(that),

in
in

tanto
so-great

bello,
war,

que
and

tanto
in-so-great

ardore
an excitement

civil

animorum
of

mind

et and

armorum,
of arms,
(in civil contests),

quin
but that (violently)

quassata,
shaken,

respublica,
the republic,

quicunque
whatever

fuisset
might-be

eventus
the event

belli,
^f-the-war,

perderet
would-lose

multa
much

et

ornamenta
que uterque
and
each

both as (respects) the ornaments

;

dignitatis
of (its)

et praesidia suae stabilitatis stability dignity and the guards of its

dux

faceret

multa
fieri,

armatus, quae idem

arms,

general would-have-done many-things (while in)

which

he

prohibuisset
would-have-forbidden

togatus.

to-be-done, (when) clothed with the toga, (the

Omnia
dress of peace).

quae
which

vulnera belli curanda sunt

wounds
of

All

war

are-to-be-cured

tibi; Dy you j

quibus
which

nemo
no-one

praeter
except

te potest mederi. heal. can you

Itaque

invitus audivi illam

I heard
that

tuam
your

praeclarissimani
very-celebrated

Therefore (with) regret

" Vixi et sapientissimam vocem, saying, " I-have-lived very-wise and

naturae vel gloriae."
for-nature
or
for glory."
;

satis diu
sufficiently

vel

long either

Satis
Sufficiently (long)

fortasse si
perhaps
if

vis
you-wish

ita naturae
(it to

etiam addo
also

si
if

placet
certe

gloriae

;
,

be)

so

for-nature;

I-add

it-pleases (you) for-glory

at
but

(quod
(what

est
is

maximum)
patriae.

paruiu
little

(of) the greatest (importance), certainly (but)

Quare

omitte, quaeso
I-pray (you*

(long enough) for (your)

country.

Wherefore give-up,

0RATI0 PRO M. MARCELLO.

istain
this

171

prudentiam doctorum hominum in contemnendd

wisdom
;

of learned

men
at-our
risk.

in

despising

morte
death
;

noli esse sapiens nostro periculo.

do not
be
wise
"
'

Enim
For
'it-has

e^epe venit ad
often

meas
my
often,

aures,
ears,

'come

to

(that)

te dicere istud this say you

idem
same

nimis
(thing)
tco

crebro,

te
that- you

vixisse
have-lived

satis
sufficiently (long)

tibi.
for-yourself.

Credo;
I believe

sed
(you are of this mind)
si
if
j

turn
then (only)

but

audirem
would-I-listen
(to)

id,
it,

viveres
you-lived

tibi
for yourself

soli,
alone,

ant
or

si
if

etiam
also

natus esses
you-were-born

tibi
for yourself

soli.
alone.

Nunc,
(But) now,

cum

tuse

when your

res gestae complexae sint

deeds

salutem
(and are identified with)
the safety

have-embraced

omnium
of all

civium.
the citizens,

que
and
(the

cunctam
same may
also be said of)

the entire

rempublicam
republic

tantum
'you-are so-very

abes
'distant

a
from

perfectione
the completion

maximorum
of (your) greatest

operum,
works,

ut
that
l

nondum
you-have not-as-yet

jeceris
'laid

fundamenta
the foundations (thereof)

quae
which

cogitas.
you-may-think
(you have).

Tu
"Will

you

hie
here

definies
limit

modum
the measure

tuae
of-your

vitae
life

non
not
as respecis the

salute reipublicae,
safety

sed
but

aequitate
the equanimity of your

animi? Quid
mind?

of-the-republic,

What
satis
sufficient

si
if

istud
that (portion of your
life

est
passed)
is

ne
not

quidem
indeed
sis

tuae
for-your

gloriae?
glory
?

cujus,
of

quamvis

sapiens,
a-wise-man

which (glory), although

you-be

non negabis,
'you will not
'deny,
(that)

te esse avidissimum. you are very desirous.

Igitur
Therefore

inquies,
you-ask,
?
(is it)

ne parum
but
little

magnam
great

gloriam
glory

(of)

relinquemus
we-shall-leave

Immo
life

(behind us, should our

now

terminate)?

Truly

172
vero
satis

0RATI0 PRO M. MARCELLO.

aliis,

quamvis multis

tibi

uni
sit

parurn
(too)
little.

indeed enough for-others, however

numerous; for-you alone

Enim quidquid
For
whatever

est,
is

quamvis
(your glory),

amplum,
be ample,

although

it-may

id
it

certe
certainly

est
is

turn
then

parum,
little,

cum
when

est
there-is

aliquid
something

amplius.
greater
(of glory, that

Quod
may
be obtained).

si,
if,

C. Caesar,
C. Caesar,

Because

hie futurus sit

this

exitus

tuarum immortalium
immortal

rerum,
achievements,

were-to-be

the result *of your

ut,

adversariis
enemies

devictis,

relinqueres rempublicam
the republic

that, (your)

being conquered, you-would-leave

in
in

eo
that

statu, in
state,

quo
which

nunc
*it

est; vide,
Ms
;

quaeso,
it),

ne

in

now

see (to

I-beg-you, lest

tua
your

divina
divine

virtus
virtue
;

sit

habitura
gloria
glory

plus
more

admirationis
of-admiration

may-hereafter-have

quam
than

glorise

siquidem
since

est
is

illustris
illustrious

ac
and

of-glory;

pervagata fama multorum et

wide-spread

magnorum meritorum,
great
services (done),

renown

of-many

and

vel
either

in
to

suos,

vel

in
to

patriam,
one's country,

vel in
or
to

omne
the whole

one's (friends), or

genus hominum.
race

of-men.

9.

Igitur
Therefore

haec
this

est
is

pars
the part
(that)

reliqua
is left

tibi,
to-you,

hie
thia

actus restat,
act

in hoc
(to

elaborandum
e&

est

ut

remains

be performed), in

this

exertion-is-to-be-made that

constituas rempublicam, que

*you-may- (firmly)
Establish
the republic,

and

this (republic)

composita, tu
being (thus)
Settled,

in
be)

primis perfruare
the
first

you (may

among
et and

to

enjoy

(it)

cum
in

summit
the greatest

tranquillitate
tranquillity

otio

turn,
then,

cum
when

leisure;

et
^you-have

solveris
discharged the duty

quod
which

debes
you-owe Ho (your)

both

patriae,
country,

et and

expleveris
may-have-filled

naturam
nature

ipsam
herself

satietate
with satiety

OBATIO PRO M. MARCELLO.

Vivendi
f living [and shall

173
si
if

clicito

vole3,
you-wish,

have attained

to a

good old age] say

(that)

te vixisse you have-lived

satis

din.

Enim
For

quid omnino est

what
after-all
ia

sufficiently long.

hoc ipsum diu,

this

in

same

long (living), in

quo est which there

aliquid
is

extremum,
the last

something

quod
(and which must have an end),

cum
when
nihilo,
nothing,

venit,
it-arrives,

omni3
all

which

praeterita
past

voluptas
pleasure

est
is

pro
fur

quia
because

postea
after-that

futura est
there will

nulla?
be nothing?

Quanquam
Although

iste
that

animus
mind

tuus

(of) yours

nunquam contentus
never

his fuit angustiis, with-those was-content narrow (limits),

quas
which

natura
nature

dedit
has-given

nobis
us

ad
to

vivendum
live

que
and

semper
always

(in);

flagravit

amore

immortalitatis.
of-immortality.

was-inflamed with-the-love

Nee vero
Nor
truly
*is

hsec tua vita

this

your

life

ducenda est, Ho-be-considered (as that),

Ilia,
That,
ilia,
that,
spirit.

quge
which

continetur
is-contained

corpore
in-the-body

et and

spiritu.

inquam
I-say

est
is

tua
your

vita,
life,

quae
which

vigebit
will-flourish

memoria
in-the-memory
alet,

omnium
of all

saeculorum
ages

quam
which

posteritas
posterity

quam
which

aeternitaa
eternity

wiil-cherish,

ipsa
itself

semper tuebitur.
'will

Huic
For

oportet
te;
yourself
(in

always

preserve.

this (existence) it-behoves (that)

tu
you

inservias,
exert
(yourself),

huic
for-this

ostentes
you-will-show

your

quae quidem
true glory); (a life)

jampridem habet
long-since

multa
many-things

which
;

indeed

has

quae
which

miretur

nunc
now

etiam
also

expectat,
it-looks-for (that),

quae
which

may-be-admired;

laudet.
Uay-receive- praise.

Certe
Certainly

posteri
posterity

obstupescent,
will-be-amazed,

(when)

audientes
tearing,

et and

legentes
reading
(of)

imperia.
(your various)

commands,

15*

174
provincias,
the provinces,

0RATI0 PRO M. MARCELLO.

Rhenum,
the Rhine,

Oceanum,
the Ocean,

Nilum,
the Nile, (yourj

innumerabiles pugnas,
innumerable
battles, (your)

incredibiles victorias,
incredible
victories,

(your)

innumera monumenta,
countless

tuos triumphos.
your
triumphs.

Sed, nisi
But, unless

monuments, (and)
erit

hsec
this

urbs stabilita
city

is-firmly -settled

tuis consiliis counsels by your

et institutis, laws, and

tuum nomen
your

modo
'will

turn
then

vagabitur
'be-spread-out

longe
far

atque
and
et and

name
;

only

late

quidem
indeed
'it

non habebit stabilem sedem

will not

wide; (but)

'have

a stable

abode

certum
certain

domieilium.
domicile
(to dwell in).

Etiam
Also

erit
there-will-be

inter among

eos
those

qui who

nascentur, sieut
(hereafter) will-be-born,

fuit
there-was

as

inter among

nos,
ourselves,

magna
great

dissensio,
dissension,

cum
while

alii

efferent
will-raise

tuas
your

res gestas
exploits

some
alii

laudibus
with praises

ad coelum,
to

fortasse requirent aliquid,

perhaps
will-require

heaven,

others

something

que
(more),

id
that

vel
even

maximum,
the-greatest-of-all,

nisi
unless

and

incendium civilis belli salute restinxeris you-shall-have-extinguished the conflagration of civil war by-the-safety
patriae
of-(your) 'country
;

ut

illud

(so) that the-former

videatur fuisse may-appear to-have-been

consilii.

(the

fati,

hoc
etiam
also

Igitur
Therefore

work) of

fate, this (the latter

the work of your wise) counsel.

servi
have-regard

iis

judicibus,
judges,

to-those

qui multis who many

indeed,

seculis
ages

te, et judicabunt de post hereafter will decide concerning you, and

quidem, haud scio an

perhaps

incorruptius,
more-unbiassedly,

quam
than

nos
we
sine
without
(can);

nam
for

judicabunt,
they-will-judge,

et
botl

sine
without

amore
affection

et and

cupiditate,
cupidity,

et and

rursus
(also)

again
si
if (all]

Bine
without

odio
hatred

et and

sine
without

invidia.
envy.

Autem etiam
Rut
also

OKATIO PRO M. MARCELLO.

id
this

175

non tunc pertinebit ad

'should

not

then

affect
;
;

to

te you

(hereafter,

when

dead)

(ut
(as

quidam
some

falso putant)
falsely

certe
'it

nunc pertinet
now
'behove?

suppose)

certainly

(you)

(that)

te esse talem, such, [conduct yourself you be

ut
in such a

nulla
no

manner], that
sit

oblivio
oblivion

unquam
shall

obscuratura
(hereafter)

tuas
your

ever

'obscure

laudes.
praises.

10. Voluntates
The sententige distractse,
opinions

civium

fuerunt diversse, que

were
diverse,

inclinations of-the-citizens

and

(their)

enim
;

non

distracted (and divided in the civil war)

for 'we did not

solum dissidebamus
only
'differ

consiliis et studiis, by (our) counsels and wishes,

sed etiam
but
also

arniis by-arms

et and

castris. camps (and took

different sides in the military operations).

Autem
But

erat
there- was

qusedam obscuritas,
some
obscurity
(in the affair),

erat
there-was

certamen inter
a contest

clarissimos

duces

between the-most-celebrated generals (Caesar and Pompey) 5

multi dubitabant, quid esset optimum; many might-be best (to doubted, what
terest of the republic);

be done, for the in-

multi quid many what

expediret sibi might-be-expedient for-themsel^es;

deceret; multi quid what might-be-becoming many

etiam nonnulli
(for

them

to do)

also

some

quid
what

liceret.
it-might-be-allowed (for them to do for their

own

private interest).

Respublica
The republic
fatali
fatal
(civil)

perfuneta est hoc misero que

'has
(at last)
;

'gone-through
vicit, has-conquered,

this

miserable

and

bello
war;

is

he

qui who
(or

non
'would not

inflammaret suum odium

inflame
his

fortuna,
by success

hatred

make use
leniret

of good

sed
fortune as a

means

of revenge),

but

would-mitigate

(it)

176
bonitate

ORATIO PRO M. MARCELLO.

nee,
;

by kindness (and clemency)

nor,

qui, who,

omnes
all

(those)

with

quibua whom

iratus esset
he-had-been-displeased (and offended)

judicaret,
would-be-deem (them),

etiam
also

eosdem
the same
(as)

dignos
worthy
(of)

exsilio
exile

aut
or

morte.
death.

Arma
Arma
(That)

posita
were-laid-down

ab

aliis,

ab
from

aliis
others

erepta sunt.
they-were-taken.

by some,

eivis
citizen

est
is

ingratus
ungrateful

que
and

injustus,
unjust,

qui who

liberatus
having-been-freed

periculo
from-the-dangers

armorum,
of war,

tamen
yet
sit
is

retinet
retains

armatum
a hostile

animum;
mind
;

ut
that

etiam
also

ille

melior,
better

(so)

he

(and more excusable),

qui cecidit in acie, qui profudit lost (his) fell in battle, who who

animam
life

in
in

causa\
the cause.

Enim
For

quae
that- which

potest may

videri
appear

pertinacia
obstinacy

quibusdam,
in some,

eadem
the

aliis
in-others

same

constantia. (may appear) constancy.

Sed jam
But
et and

omnia
all

now

dissentio
dissension

fracta est
has-been- crushed

armis,
by-arms,

exstincta
extinguished

aequitate
by-the-justice

victoris

;
;

restat,
it-remains,

ut
that

omnes
all

velint
may-desirs

of-the-conqueror

unum,
one

(and the same thing),

qui modo habent non solum who indeed may-have not only
sanitatis.
soundness-of-mind.

aliquid
any-thing

sapientiae,
of wisdom,

sed etiam
but
also

Nisi,
Unless,

Caesar, O Csesar,

te you

salvo,
being-safe,

et and

manente
remaining

in
in

ista
this

(same)

Bententia,
opinion,

qua
which

cum
as

antea
(well) heretofore

vel
as

turn
moreover

hodie
to-day

maxime
'you-have more-especially

usus

es,

'made-use-of, [in the same opinions you have

possumus
always declared yourself
to

non
not

esse
be

salvi.
safe.

be of]

'we-caa

Quare
Wherefore (we)

omnes, qui volumus haec

all,

esse salva,
safe.

who

wih

these (things) to-be

0RATI0 PRO M. MARCELLO.

et
both
vitse,
life,

177

hortamur
exhort

et and

obsecramus
entreat

te you

ut
that

consulas
you consult
(your)

ut
tibi

tuse

saluti;
safety
;

que
and
:

omnes
we
all

that (you would consult) your

pollicemur
promise

(ut
(that
x

etiam
I-may
also

loquar
*speak

pro
for

aliis^
others,

you

quod

ipse

sentio
feel

de

me),

quoniam
because

putas
you-think

that-which I-myself

as respects myself),

aliquid
there
*is

subesse,
(formed against you)
sit,

quod
which
et and

something

Concealed,

cavenduni

non
not

modo
only

excubias
watches

it-may-be-necessary-to-guard-against,

custodias, sed etiam

sentinels,

oppositus
(we promise) the opposition

nostrorum
of our

but

also

laterum et corporum.
sides

and

bodies (as ramparts against your enemies).

11.

Sed
But

unde oratio whence (my) speech

orsa est
began

terminetur
let-it-end

in
in

eodem.
the

same

(place). [Let

my speech end with

the same expressions of thanks,

Omnes, C.
that
it

Caesar,
0. Caesar,

agimus maximas
'return

began with.]

*We

all,

great

gratias
thanks

tibi;
to-youj

habemus etiam
we-have
also
(yet)

majores.
greater

(thanks that we

Nam
cannot express).

omnes
all

sentiunt
feel

idem
the same (thing);

For

quod
which

potuisti
you-might-have

sentire
perceived

ex
from

precibus
the entreaties

et and

lacrymis
tears

omnium.
of
all.

Sed,
But,
;

quia
because

est
it-is

non
not

necesse
necessary

omnibus stantibus dicere

for all

certe
cui

standing up to declare (their feelings and opinions) ; certainly

volunt
necesse,
necessary (to say),

dici

a me,

est
it-is

quodainmodo
in-some-sort

they-wish (them) to-be-expressed by me, to

whom

et
both

quod
what

volunt,
they-wish,

et and

quod
what

decet.
is-proper,

et id, quod intelligo and that, which I consider

debere prsecipue
ought
principally

fieri a me. to-be-done by m^

178
(M. Marcello
(M. Marcello

ORATI0 PRO M. MARCELLO.

reddito

te

huic
to this

ordini
order
(of the senate)

being-restored by you

que Romano populo

and
the

Roman
laetari,
rejoice,

people

et reipublicae). and to-the-republic)

Nam sentio
For
I-feel

(that)

omnes
all

non ut de
not
as

salute

unius solum, sed ut

of one
alone,

for the safety

but

as

de
for

communi
the

salute
safety

omnium
of all

atem quod
but

est
is

common

which

(a proof)

summae
of the greatest

benevolentiae
affection

(quae
(which

fuit was

semper
always

nota known

omnibus
to all,

me
(that)

erga

ilium,
him,

ut
that

vix
scarcely

cederem
did-I-yieid

I (had) towards

C Marcello
to C.

Marcellus his

et most excellent and

optimo

amantissimo
affectionate

fratri,
brother,

quidem
indeed

praeter
except

eum
him

nemini),
to

cum
as

praestiterim id
I-showed

no one),

this *by

sollicitudine, (my) Solicitude,

cur&,
x

labore
(and) *by (my) *exertion

tamdiu
as-long

quamdiu
as

by (my)

*care,

dubitatum est
it-was-doubted

de
respecting

illius
his

salutate,
safety,

certe
I certainly

debeo
ought

praestare (my to show

hoc
affection) at-this

tempore
time

liberatus
(when)
freed

magnis
from great

curis,
cares,

molestiis,
troubles,

doloribus.
sufferings

(and)

(respecting him).

Itaque,
Therefore,

C. Caesar,
C. Ca3sar,

sic
I thus

ago
return

gratias,
thanks,

ut
that

me
I

being

non solum conservato

not

a
by

only

preserved

te you

omnibus
in-all

rebus,
things,

sed
but

etiam
also

ornato,
honoured,

tamen
however

ad tua innumerabilia merita

to

your

innumerable

kind acts

in
to

me unum, (quod
mi
alone,

arbitrabar posse
I-thought
could

non
not

jam
even-now

(which

fieri),

hoc

tuo
your

facto
act (of pardoning

be made) (greater), by this

M. Marcellus)

rnaximus

cumulus

accesserit.
has acceded.

the greatest crowning-favour

ORATIO

THE ORATION
M. TULLII CICERONIS,

OF

M.

TULLIUS CICERO,
PRO

FOB MANILIA LEGE.

TEE MANILIAN LAW.

1.

Quanquam
Although

conspectus
the sight (of)

vester frequens
your
nunier us (assembly)

semper
lias

est visus
'appeared

mihi,
to-me,

Qmrites,
Romans,
(by)

multo
much

always

jucundissimus,
the-inost-agreeable
(sight),

autem
moreover

hie
this

locu3
place

amplissimus
the-most-dignified

ad agendum,
to

ornatissimus
aditu laudis,
avenue
to praise,

ad dicendum
to

treat (with you), (and) the-most-honourable

speak

(in)

tamen,
however,

hoc
from-this

qui

semper maxime
especially

which 'was always

patuit,
l

cuique
to

optimo,
distinguished

non
(and excellent man),
not

spen,

each

voluntas,
will,

sed
but

meae my
age
(of

rationes
rules

vitae
of
life

susceptee
adopted
1

ab

ineunte
the

setate

prohibuerunt me.

N
For
not-yet
r

commencing

my

career,

'held

me

'back.

cum
when

antea,

per
(my)

sstatem,
age,

auderem nondum
I dared

heretofore, cn-account-of

attingere auctoritatem
aspire

hujus
of-thi3

loci,
place,

que
and

statuerem

to-the^dignity

*I-sat (it) 'down,

180
nihil
(that)

ORATIO PRO LEGE MANILIA.

oportere
ought
afferi
to-be-brought

hue
to-this-place

nisi
unless
(itj

nothing

perfectum ingenio

elaboratum industria;
elaborated

putavi
'I (therefore)

were -perfected by talent (and)

by industry;

omne
thought
(that)
all

meum
my
Ita
Also
iis,

tempus
time

transmittendum
was-to-be-given-over

temporibus
to-the-affairs

amicorum.
of-my-friends.

neque
neither

fuit

hie
this

locus
place

was

unquam
ever

vacuus
unoccupied

ab
by

those,

qui who
labour

defenderent vestram
might-defend

your

causam
cause (and interests)
;

et and

meus labor versatus

my
employed

caste
faithfully

que
and

integre in periculis privatorum,

honestly
in the dangers

est consecutus
has-obtained

of private (individuals),

amplissimum fructum
the-most-ample

ex
from

vestro
your

reward

judicio. judgment (and

opinion,

Nam cum
favourably pronounced for me). For

propter
ter,

dilationem

when on-account-of the adjournment

comitiorum, renuntiatus sum

of-the-comitia,

primus
first

I-was-declared

(elected)

three-times, (as)

praetor
prastor

cunctis
by-all

centuriis,

facile

the centuries, *I readily

intellexi, Understood

(from

this),

Quirites, et O-Romans, both

prsescriberetis

quid
what
aliis.

judicaretis
you- might-judge
'

de
of

me,
me,
sit

et and

quid
wha;

Et nunc, cum
And now,
in me,
in

tantiim

you-might-prescribe to others.

when there-may-be so-much

auctoritatis
of authority

quantum vos
as

(and influence)

me,

voluistis you have-willed

esse
ere be

honoribus
by-honours

mandandis
assigned
(to

me, by you)

et and

tantum facultas
BO-mucb

ad

agendum,
treating-with-you (and addressing

capacity (and fitness) for

quantum
you),
as

prope
almost
.

quotidiana
the daily

exercitatio
exercise
of

dicendi
speaking

potuit afferre
could

vigilanti
to

homini,
man,

ex

usu
auctoritatis in
of-authority
in

bring

an industrious
si
if

from the practice (of the)

forensi;
bar j

et and

certe
certainly

est
there
is

quid
any -thing

ORATIO PRO LEGE MANILIA.

sue,
ine,

181

utar
T- will-use

ea
it

apud
before

eos,
those,

qui dederunt earn who conferred this (authority)

mihi ; on me
;

et and

si
if

etiam possum consequi

also

quid
qui who

dicendo,

I can

effect

any-thing by speaking,

ostendam
I will-display
(it)

potissimum
the-most-especially

iis,

quoque
also

to-those,

censuerunt
have-thought

suo
ei

judicio

fructum

by-their (favourable) opinion (and suffrages, that) a-reward

tribuendum esse
ought-to-be-given

rei.
thing.

Atque
And
esse

video,
T-see,
(that),

(me)

for-this

illud in
that
in

primis,
particular,
x

betandum
ought-to
rejoice

mihi me
mihi,

jure,
by -right,

quod
that

in
in

hac
this

insolita
unusual

ratione mode

dieendi
in
in

ex
oratio

of-speaking for-me, (and) from

hoc loco,
this

place,

talis causa such a cause

oblata est,
is

qua

offered

Jto me),

which an oration

potest
could

deesse
fail

nemini.
no-one.

EnimFor

dicendum

est

de
hujus
of-this

it-is-to-be-discoursed about

singulari
the-singular

que
and

eximia
eminent
difficilius

virtute
virtue

Cn. Pompeii

of Cn. Ponipey;

orationis
discourse

est
it-is

invenire
to-find

exitum
the termination

quam
than

more-difficult

principium.
the

Ita

non

tarn

copia,
(or diffusion),

commencement. Therefore not

so-much copiousness

quam
as

modus
mode

in dicendo
in

quserendum

est.

(a restricted)

speaking

is-to-be-sought-for.

2.

Atque
And

ut
that

mea
my
this

oratio
oration

proficiscatur
may-proceed-from

inde,
thence,

unde
whence

omnis
all

haec

causa
affair

ducitur;
is-derived;

grave
a serious

et and

periculosum
dangerous

bellum
war

infertur
is-waged

vestris
against-your

vectigalibus
revenues

atque
and

sociis
allies

a
by

duobus
two

potentissimis
most-powerful

regibus,
kings,

Mithridate
Mithridates

et and

Tigrane,
Tigranes,

quorum
of-whom

alter
the one

relictus,
being-left

alter
(to

himself and unmolested), the other

lacessitus, (by your provoked

attacks),

16

182
arbitrantur
think

ORATIO PRO LEGE MANILIA.

occasionem
an opportunity

oblatum esse
is-offered

sibi
to-theni

ad
to

(that)

occupandum
occupy

Asiam.
Asia.

Literse
Letters
'are

quotidie
daily

afferuntur
'brought

ex
from

Asia
Asia

Romanis
to

equitibus,
knights,

bonestissimis
most-honourable

Roman
whom]

viris s mec,

quorum
of,

magnse
[belonging to
great

res
sums-of-money

occupate, in
employed,
;

whom

in

exercendls
collecting

vestris
your

vectigalibus,
revenues,

aguntur
mihi,
with-me,

qui,

are-at-stake;

who
illo
that

pro
ordine

necessitudine,

quae est
is

cum
with

on-account-of the-intimate-connexion, which

detulerunt ad
brought
to

order (of knight, from which I have myself sprung)

me
(and entrusted)

causam

reipublicse,

me

(with the task of pleading) the cause of-the-republic,

que
and

pericula
the dangers

suarum
provincia,
province,
;
;

rerum

;
;

Bithynise,
in Bithynia,

quae
which

of their (private) fortunes

est
is

nunc
now

vestra
your

complures
(it is

said that)

many
which

vicos

exustos esse

regum
(that) the

Ariobarzanis, quod
of

villages have-been -burnt

kingdom

Ariobarzanes,

finitimum est
borders-on

vestris
your

vectigalibus,
tributaries,

esse
is

totum
entirely

in
in

potestate
the power

bostium

;
;

Lucullum,
(that) Lucullus,

gestis

magnis
great

of-the-enemy

having-performed

rebus,
exploits,

discedere
is

ab
from

eo
that

bello;
war;
(that)

huic,
to-him,

retiring

qui who
esse

successerit
may-succeed (Lucullus)
'it

non
has not

satis
'been sufficiently
;

paratum

'provided

ad administrandum tantum bellum

for

unum
(that) on. person

conducting

so-great

a war;

[Pomet and

deposci
pey] is-demanded

atque
and

expeti
required

ab
by

omnibus
all

sociis
allies

civibus
eitizens

imperatorem
(as)

ad
for

id
that

the

commander

bellun? war;

hunc
(*hat)
thif

OKATIO PRO LEGE MAXILIA.

183
prseterea
besides

eundem
same

unum

metui ab hostibus,
the enemy, (and)

individual is-feared by

(him)

neminem.
no-one.

Videtis quse
You-see

sit

causa
of the affaii before

what may-be the case (and the nature

nunc,
you);

considerate
consider

quid
what

sit

agendum.
de
of

Videtur
It-seema

now,

ia-to-be-done.

milii to-me (that)

belli,
of-the-war,

primum
first

dicendum esse
mention-ought-to-be-made

genere
the nature

deinde
afterwards

de
of (its)
-

magnitudine,
magnitude,
(and)

turn
then

de
of

imperatore
the

diligendo.
to-be-chosen.

Genus
excitare
to-excite

belli

est ejusmodi,
is

commander

The nature of-the-war

of- that-kind,

quod
which

debeat
ought

maxime
very-greatly

atque
and

inflammare
to-inflame

vestros animos ad
your

studium

persequendi
of-earrying
(it)

minds

to the zealous-desire

on

(to

a sue-

in
cessful conclusion)
j

quo
which

gloria
the glory

Eomani
of-the-Roman

populi
people

in

agitur,
is-staked,

tradita est quse vobis which has-been-handed-down to you

majoribus,
ancestors,

by (your)

cum
(which glory of your ancestor)

magna
(it

in
in

omnibus
all

when
in
in

was)

great

rebus,
things,

turn
(was)

summa
the greatest

militari
military

re

sains
the safety

then

affairs;

sociorum
of-our-allies

atque
and

amicorum
friends

agitur,
is-at-stake,

pro
for

qua
which

vestri
your

majores
ancestors

gesserunt
have-waged
et and

multa
many

magna
great

et and

gravia
serious

bella
wars;

certissima
the most-sure

maxima
greatest

vectigalia
revenues

Eomani
of-the-Roman

populi
people

aguntur
treat-stake
;

quibus
which

amissis,
being-lost,

requiretis
you-will-reqaire

(and mi ; s

et
both

ornamenta
the ornaments

pacis,
of peace,

et subsidia and the subsidies

of

belli; bona war; the property

est

multoruin of many

civiura
citizens

aguntur,
is-at-stake,

quibus
for-which

consulendum

care-is-to-be-taken

184
a
by

ORATIO PRO LEGE MANILIA.

et
both

vob^s,
you,

causa
for the

ipsorum

sake of-those-interested

et and

(for the pake;

reipublicae.
of the republic.

3.

Et
And

quoniam
because
'you

semper
always

fuistis have-been

appetentes
seekers

glorise,
of glory,

atque avidi
and
eager

laudis
of praise

prater
beyond
(all)

ceteras gentes,
other
nations,

ilia
that

macula,
stain,

suscepta
received

superiore
in-the-former

Mithridatico
Mithridatic

bello,
war,

delenda est
is-to-be-effaced

vobis,
by-you,

quae
which

jam
(stain)

insedit
has-settled

penitus
deep

now

atque
and

inveteravit
Established
(itself)

in
'by-length-of-time
is

nomine
the

on

name

Romani
of-the-Roman
die, same) day,

populi
people;

quod
that

qui,

uno

he (Mithridates) who, in-one (and the

in tota Asia, in
in
all

Asia,

in

tot civitatibus, (and so-many cities

states),

denotavit
designated

uno

nuntio, atque significatione

and
by-the-signification (or order)

by-a-single messenger,

una
alone

literarum
of-a-letter

Romanos
(he carried with him)

cives
citizens

Roman

trucidandos
to-be-butchered

que
and

necandos,
put-to-death,

non
not

modo
only

adhuc
as-yet

suscepit
has-he-(not)-received

ullam poenam
any

dignam
et and

scelere;

punishment commensurate with-the-crime;

sed
but

jam
^e now
illo

regnat,
'reigns,
(in the)

tertium
three

vicesimum annum
twentieth

year

ab

tempore
time (of the massacre)
;

from that

et regnat, ita ut and he-reigns, so that 'he-doea

non
not

latebris Ponto, neque se velit occultare himself in-Pontus, nor in-the-lurking-places to-hide pretend

Cappadocise,
of Cappadocia,

sed
but (he seeks)

emergere
to-emerge

e
from

patrio
(his) hereditary

regno,
Kingdom,

atque
and

versari
to-carry-on (his warlike operations)

in

vestris
your

among

vectigalibus,
tributaries,

hoc est in
that
is

luce.
(and view of

Asia*.
all)

in (open day) light

Asia

ORATIO PRO LEGE MANILIA.

185
contenderunt
'contended

Etenim adhuc,
For
until-now,
illo that

vestri imperatores
your
generals

ita

^ave

so

cum
with
illo

rege,
king,

ut
that

reportarent
(they

ab
from

may

be said to)

have carried

off

insignia victoria,
the-tokens
of victory, (and)

non victoriam.
not
victory (itself).

L. Sulla
L. Sylla

him

triumphavit
triumphed

de
over

Mithridate, L.
Mithridates,

Murena
Murena

triumphavit,
triumphed

L.

duo fortissimi
(over him), two

viri,

most- valiant
ita,
so,

men,

et summi imperatores and the greatest commanders;

sed triumpharunt
but

ut
that

ille,
he,

pulsus que superatus,

repulsed

they triumphed

and

defeated,
iliis

regnaret.
still

Verumtamen
But-indeed

laus
praise

est
is

tribuenda
to-be-given

reigned.

to-those

imperatoribus
generals
(for)

quod
what
*

egerunt
they did;

venia
pardon

danda,
is- to-be-granted,

quod
for

reliquerunt;
they-left-undone;

propterea
because

quod
that

respublica
the republic

what

revocavit
recalled

Sullam
Sylla

ab eo bello
from that war

in
to

Italiam,
Italy,

Sulla
(and)
Sylla

Murenam.
^recalled)

Murena.

4.

Autem
But

Mithridates
Mithridates

contulit
employed

omne
all

reliquum
the intervening

tempus,
time,

non ad oblivionem
not
in

veteris
of-the-old

the oblivion

belli, war,

sed
but

ad
in

comparationem
the preparing

novi
of a

new

(war)

qui, who,

posteaquam
after-that

ledificasset
ae had-built

que
and

ornasset
equipped

maxima s
very-great

classes,
fleets,

que
and

comparasset permagnos exercitus,

assembled
very-large
armies,

ex
from

quibuscunque
whatever

gentibus
nations

potuisset,
he-could,

et and

simulasset
pretended
(that)

se
he

(was about;

inferre to wage
finitimis
,

bellum
war

Bosporanis,
against-the-inhabita'nts-on-the-B^sphorus,

suis
his

misit
he-sent

legatos
ambassadors

ac
and

literas,
letters,

usque
even

in
unto

neighbours;

16*

186

ORATIO PRO LEGE MANILIA.

eos
those
;

Hispaniam ad
Spain
to

duces,
leaders,

cum
with

quibus whom

turn
*we-were
then

gerebamus bellum
'waging

cum
so

ut
that

bellum
the war

gereretur
might-be-carried-on

war;

terra
by -land

que
and

mari,
by-sea,

in
in

duobus
two

disjunctissimis,
widely-separated,

que
and

maxime

diversis

locis,
places,

uno
with one (and the same)

consilio
plan

very greatly dissimilar

a binis copiis hostium,

(of operation)

vos district!
(so that)

by

two

armies of-the-enemy,

you

occupied

ancipiti
by-a-double

contentione
contest

dimicaretis
alterius partis,
part

de impe'rio.
the empire (itself).

might-have-to-fight for

Sed tamen periculum

But
however

Sertorianse
the Sertorian

the danger of-the-other

(namely),

atque
and

Hispaniensis,
Spanish
(danger),

quae
which

habebat
had
est

multo
mmch

plus
mora

firmamenti ac roboris, stability and strength,

ac
and

depulsum

divino
in
on

was-warded-off by-the-divine

consilio wisdom

singulari
singular

virtute
valour

Cn. Pompeii
of Cn.

;
;

altera
the other

parte,
part

Pompey

res

ita

(in Asia), the affair 'was so

administrata est a Managed by

ut
ilia
that those

L. Lucullo,
L. Lucullus,

summo
a-most-distinguished

viro, man,

magna atque
great

prseclara
brilliant

and

initia
beginnings

gestarum rerum videantur esse tribuenda,

'of (his)

Exploits

may-seem
virtuti,
'to (his)

to be attributed,

non
not

ejus
Ho
his

felicitati,
'good-fortune,

sed
but

autem
but

haec
these

Valour,

extrema,
latter (reverses),

quae nuper acciderunt,

which
lately

have-happened,

(may seem

to

be

attri-

non
buted),

culpse,

sed

fortunse.

Sed de
But
of

not (to any)

fault (of his), but (to bad) fortune.

Lucullo

loco, et Lucullus I-shall-speak in-another place, and

dicam
ut
that

alio

ita
'I shall so

dicam
'speak (of him)

Quirites, Romans,

videatur,
it-may-seem,
(that)

neque
neither

vera
true

laus
praisfl

ei detracta as-been-takon-from him

nostra oratione, neque falsa

by-our
oration,

nor

false

(praise

0RATI0 PRO ^EtfE MANILIA.

dignitate afficta esse to-have-been-bestowed (on him). Concerning the-dignity
vestri
of-your

181

De
is

atque gloria
and
the-glory

imperii,
empire,

quoniam
as

est
is

exorsus
the beginning

meaa
of

that

mj

orationis,
oration,

videte,
consider,

quern
what
(feelings of)

animum
mind

putetis
you-inay-think

suscipiendum
eught-to-be-entertained

vobis.
by-you.

5.

Vestri majores
Your
ancestors
x

ssepe gesserunt bella

have often

*waged

wars (on account

mercatoribus ac naviculariis
Df their)

injuriosius

merchants
;

and seafaring-men Saving-been too-injuriously

tractatis
treated;

tandem, quo
in-fine,

animo debetis vos

ought

esse,
to-be,

in-what (state of ) mind

you

millibus tot BO-many thousands

Romanorum
of

civium necatis,
citizens

Roman
and
(all)

being-slain, (by an order

uno nuntio, atque

carried) by-one messenger,

uno
at-the-same

tempore? Vestri
time?

Your

patres voluerunt
ancestors

Corinthum, lumen totius Grsecioe,

(that)

resolved

Corinth,

the light

of-all

Greece,

extinctum
should-be

esse

quod
appellati
addressed;
;

legati

extinguished (and destroyed) because (your) ambassadors

erant
were

superbius
too-haughtily

vos patiemini
you
suffer

eum regem
that

king

esse' inultum,
to-be

qui necavit " legatum unpunished, who murdered an ambassador

Romani
of the

populi,
people,

Roman

consularem,
verberibus,
scourging,

excruciatum vinculis ac
tortured

(and he of) consular-dignity, (after being)

by chains and
?
?

atque
and

omni
all

supplicio

Illi

(kinds of) punishments

They (your

non
ancestors)

tulerunt
buffer

libertatem
the liberty
;
l

Mid

not

(and privileges)

Romanorum
of

civium
citizens

imminutam
?

vos
will

negligetis
a

Roman
the-life

to-be-infringed;

you

neglect
Illi

vitam
(to

ereptam
taken

avenge)

(from your ambassador)

They

Dersecuti sunt
avenged

jus
the right,

legationis
(and privileges)
of-an-emDass^

(whenj

L88
violatum
violated (only)

OPvATIO PRO

LEGE MANILIA.
legatum
Videte, ne, ut
See-to-it,
lest,

verbo

vos relinquetis
'will

by-a-word;

you

Heave (unavenged) an ambassador

?

interfectum, omni
put-tc- death,
by-all

supplicio
(kinds of)
torture
?

as

fuit pulcherrimum it was a-most-illustrious (thing)

illis,
for- them,

relinquere vobis tantam

to-leave
to

you

so-great

gloriam
a glory

imperii;
of-empire

sic
(and such great renown);
so

sit it-may -be

turpissimum
a-most-shameful
(thing)

vobis,
for-you,

non
not

posse
to-be-able

tueri
to defend

et and

conservare,
to preserve,

id,
that,

quod
which

accepistis.
you-have-received (from them).

Quid, What
in
in

quod
(shall I say of this),

salus
the safety

sociorum
of-the-allies

vocatur,
is-placed

that

summum
the greatest

periculum ac discrimen
danger

...

Rex

Ariobarzanes,
expulsus est
has-been-driven

and

hazard?

King Ariobarzanes,

socius atque amicus

the ally

Eomani
of-the-Roman

populi,
people,

and

friend
;
;

regno
^rom
(his)
x

duo reges imminent

two
kings
threaten

toti Asige,
all

kingdom

Asia,

(who

are)

non solum
not
only

inimicissimi vobis, sed etiam vestris sociis

most-hostile
;

to-you,

but

also

to-your

allies

atque
and

amicis
friends;

autem omnes
but
all

civitates,
the
cities,

cuncta
entire

Asia
Asia

atque Grsecia,
and
Greece,

propter
on-account-of

magnitudinem
the magnitude

periculi,
of-the-danger,

coguntur
are-forced

expectare
to-expect

vestrum
(and wish for)

auxilium:
assistance;

your

arbitrantur
they-think
(that)

neque
neither

audent
dare-they

deposcere
request

certum
a certain

imperatorem,
(particular;

vobis,
you,

cum
when

commander,

[namely, Pompey,] from

prsesertim vos miseritis alium, neque

especially

posse

you

have-sent

another,

nor (suppose that) they-could

facere id,
do
it,

sine

summo
et and

periculo.
danger (from the commander
just

without the greatest

Vident
uppointed).

sentiunt
feel

hoc idem,
this

quod
(thing),

They-see

same

which

ORATIO PRO LEGE MANILIA.

vos
you

189

esse
(do, that) there-is

unum
one

virum,
man,

in
in

quo sint omnia all whom are

et and

Bumma,
the highest
(qualities, for

eum
(that)

esse
is

carrying on the war),

he

prope,
near,

(quo
(for

etiam
also

carent
they-desire

segrius),
(him)
the-more-impatiently),

which

ipso
by-this-self-same

adventu
arrival

cujus,
of-him,

atque
and
'by (his)

nomine,
'name,

tametsi
although

ille

venerit ad
came
to

maritimum bellum,
a maritime

he

war (against the

pirates),

tamen
yet

intelligunt
they perceive
(that)

impetus
the attacks

hostium
of-the-enemy

esse
were

repressos ac retardatos.
repressed

Hi
These
(allies

rogant vos
and friends) entreat

and

retarded.

you

tacite,
silently,

quoniam
because (through fear of offending the commander of the pro

non
vince)
x

licet

loqui
se them

it-is

not

'allowed (them) to speak

libere, ut freely (and openly), that

quoque existimetis
you-would
also

sicut
as

dignos
worthy
of your

'consider

socios
favours, as are

ceterarum provinciarum,
of-other

quorum
whose

the allies

provinces,

salutem
safety

tali you-may-have-confided to such

commendetis
etiam

viro
a

atque
(as

man

Pompey)

and

hoc
for-this

magis,
the-more-so,

quam
than

ceteros,

quod

(reason)

also

the others (are), because

mittimus homines ejusmodi we-send men of-that-sort

imperio,
and
civil)

in provinciam
into this province

cum
with (military

ut
(so) that

etiam
though

si
if

defendant
they-defend

authority,

(them)

ab hoste,
from the enemy,

tamen
yet

ipsorum
their

adventus
arrival

in

urbes
the towns

among

sociorum
of-the-allies

non
'does

differant
J

multum
much

ab
from

hostili
a hostile

not

differ

expugnatione.
capture.

Audiebant
They-heard
(of)

hunc
him

antea,
before,

nunc
now
tantfi,

vident
they-see

prsesentem,
(him)
present

(among them),

(a

man)

of-so-much

190

0RATI0 PRO LEGE MANILIA.

temperantia, tanta mansuetudine, tanta humanitate,

moderation,

of-so-much

mildness,

of-so-much

humanity,

ut
ille

ii

videantur
seem

esse
to

beatissimi,
the-most-fortunate,

apud
among

that those

be

quos whom

commoratur
sojourns

diutissime.
the-longest-time.

he

6.

Quare,
Wherefore,
.

si
if

vestri majores,
your
ancestors,

propter
injuria,
injury,

socios,
allies,

on account (of their)

lacessiti (although) themselves provoked

ipsi

nulla
by no

gesserunt
waged
iEtolis,
the iEtolians,

bella
wars

cum Antiocho, cum

with
Antiochus,
;
;

Pkilippo,
Philip,

cum
with

with

cum
with

Poenis

quanto
with-what
injuriis,

studio
zeal

convenit
does-it-becomo

the Carthaginians

(therefore)

vos, provocatos
you,

defendere salutem
to-defend
the-safety
l

provoked

by

injuries,

of (your)

sociorum,
l

una
together

cum
with

dignitate
the dignity

vestri
of-your

imperii;
empire;

allies,

praesertim
especially

cum
when

agatur
(the thing) agitated
(is)

de
about
?

vestris
your

maximis
greatest

vectigalibus
(and most productive) revenues?

Nam
For

vectigalia
the revenues

ceterarum
of-the-other

provinciarum,
provinces,

Quirites, Romans,

sunt
are
(only)

tanta
so-great

ut
that

possimus
we-can

vix
scarcely

esse contenti
be

ad
vero
indeed

content (with them, as sufficient) for

tutandas
defending

provincias
the provinces

ipsas

;
;

Asia
Asia

est
is

tarn
so

themselves

opima
fertile

et fertilis, and productive,

ut
that
(it)

facile antecellat
easily

omnibus
all (other)

excels

terris,
countries,

et
both

ubertate
by-the-richness

agrorum,
'of (its)
x

soil,

et and

varietate
by- the- variety

fructuum,
*ot (its) 'fruits,

et and

magnitudine
by-the-extent
l

pastionis,
of
(its) 'pastures,

et and

multitudine
by-the-multitude

earum rerum, quae exportantur.

of- those

Itaque,
Therefore,

things,

which may-be-exported.

Quirites, O Romans,

haec
this

provincia
province

vobis,
(belonging) \>-you,

si
if

vultis
vou-wi?h

ORATIO PRO LEGE MANILIA.

gustinere,
to sustain

19J
belK^,
(in time)

et
(and defend),
both
(its)

utilitatem
usefulness

of war,

et pnd

dignitatem
(its)

pacis, est
is

non modo
not
only

dignity

(and ornament in time) of peace,

defendenda
to-be-defended

calamitate, sed etiam

(by you)

a
from

^rom

(all)

Calamity,

but

also

netu
(even) the fear

calamitatis.
of calamity.
r

Nam
For

in ceteris rebus,
in

cum
when
;

other

things,

calamitas
(any)

calamity

enit, turn arrives, then

v

detrimentum accipitur
damage
is

at
but

received;

in vectigalibus
in

non solum adventus mali, sed etiam

not

revenue-affairs

only

the arrival

of-evil,

but

also

Hietus ipse,
the fear
itself (of it),

affert
brings

calamitatem.
calamity.

Nam cum
For

copige
the forces

when

hostium
ef-the-enemy

non longe absunt,

*are not far

etiam
(and)
also

si
if

nulla
no

Mistant,

irruptio
inroad

sit

be

facta, made,

tamen
however

pecora
the nocks

relinquuntur,
are-abandoned,

agricultura deseritur, na'vigatio

agriculture
is-deserted, the navigation (and

mercatorum
commerce) of-merchants

conquiescit.
ceases-to-be-active.

Ita

neque
decumis,
potest
could
(any)

ex
from

portu,
port (duties on exports

So (that) neither

neque
and imports),
nor

ex
from

neque
nor

the tithes (on agricultural produce),

ex
from

scriptura,
the pasturage-tax

vectigal
impost

conservari.
be preserved

Quare
}or obtained).

ssepe
often

fructus
the produce

totius
of-an-entire

anni
year

Wherefore

amittitur
is-lost

uno
by-a-single

rumore
rumour

periculi,
of danger,

atque
and

uno
by-the-mere

terrore
fear

belli.
of war.
*

Tandem,
In-fine,

quo
in-what
"(state of)

animo
mind

existimatis
nobis, aut
4

aut
eos
those

doyou-think (that) either

eos esse, qui pensitant vectigalia who pay are, those duties

qui
who (make
two
it

exercent atque
their business to)
collect

o-us,

or

and

exigunt,
exact

cum duo
when

reges
kings

cum maximis
with
very-large

copiis
forces
*ar*

(them),

92

0RATI0 PRO LEGE MANILIA.

adsint?
'present?

prope
nearly

Cum una
When
time,

excursio
incursion

one

equitatus possr of-cavalry may

totius
of-the-whol
s<

perbrevi
in-a- very-snort

tempore,

auferre
carry off

vectigal
the revenue

anni?
year?

Cum
When

publican-!
the-farmers-of-the-revenue

arbitrentur,
may-think,
-

(that)

the;

habere
maintain

magno
at-a-great

periculo
risk

maximas
very-great

familias,

_
agris,
the-fields,

companies (of slaves).

quas
which

habent
they-have

in
in

saltibus,
the-forests,

quas
which (they have)

in
in

quas
which (they have)

in
in

portubus,
the harbours,

atque
and

custodiis?
in-the-custom-houses?
illis

Ne

putatis, Whether do-you-think,

vos posse frui

(that)

rebus,
things,

nisi
unless

you

can

enjoy those

conservaveritis
you-preserve

eos,
those

qui sunt fructui vobis who are (thus) useful to-you

liberatos
freed
? |

(ut
(as

dixi
I-said

antea),
before),

non solum
not
only

calamitate,
from calamity,

sed
but

etiam
also

formidine
from-the-dread

calamitatis
of calamity?

7.

Ac
And
I

illud
that

quidem
indeed
!

ne
is

negligendum

est

not

'to-be-neglected

vobis, by you,

quod ego proposueram

which
had-proposed

mihi

extremum,
(to

to-myself (as) the-last-thing

be men-

cum
tionsd),

essem

when

dicturus, de genere belli, I-might (come) to-speak, concerning the kind of-war,

quod
(namely, that)

pertinet
aj pertains

ad
to

bona
the property

multorum
of-many

which

Romanorum
Roman
yestra
your

civium
citizens
)

quorum,
of whose
(interest),

Quirites, Romans,

pro
in

sapienti&,
wisdom,

ratio
a sentiment of regard (for their interests)
l

\9

diligent er
especially

habenda
et
both

est

Ho-be-had

vobis. by you.
et and

Nam
For

et
also

publicani,
the-farmers-of-the-revenue,

honestissimi
honourable

ornatissimi
accomplished

homines,
men,

contulerunt
have-transferred

suas
their

rationes
means

et and

copias
wealth

in
into

ORATIO PRO LEGE MANILIA.

fllam
that

193

provinciam
province,*

res
the property

et and

fortuna
fortune

quorum
of these

ipsorum
6aine

debent esse,
ought

(men)

se, . curse to-be, on-their-own-account, (an especial) care

per

vobis.
to jt ou.

Etenim
For

si,
if,

semper
(as)

duximus
Supposed

Ve-have

always

vectigalia
iho revenues

esse
to-be

nervos
the sinews

reipublicae;
of-the-republic
l

certe
we
certainly

Jiceremus esse recte,

*niay-be-said
to

eum ordinem,
(when we
assert, that),

be

right,

that
ilia,

order

pf men,

the equites),

qui who

exercent

esse
are

follow-the-business-of-collecting them,

firmamentum ceterorum ordinum.

the support

Deinde,
In-the-next-place,

gnavi
active

of-the-other

orders.

et and

industrii
industrious

homines
men

ex
from

ceteris
the other

ordinibus,
orders,

(that)

partim
partly

ipsi
themselves

negociantur in Asia, quibus, absentibus,

traffic

in

Asia,

who,

being absent,

debetis
you-ought

consulere
to-take-care of ;

partim habent magnas

(and who^
partly

have

great

pecunias
in
in

suas,

et

suorum

collocatas
placed

sums-of-money (both) their-own, and (that) of-their-friends,

ea provincial
that

Igitur

erit

vestrae humanitatis,

province.

l Therefore it-will-be (a part) of your 'humanity,

prohibere
to-shield

magnum numerum eorum

a great

civium
citizens

calamitate
from misfortune

number

of-those

(it will

be a part of your)

sapientiae, videre to-perceive wisdom,

calamitatem
(that) the misfortune

multorum civium posse non esse sejunctam a

of-many
citizens

can

not

be

separated

from (that of \

republica.
the republic.

Etenim
For

illud
that

primum,
at-first,

refert
it-avails

paxvi,
little,

(that)

vos recuperare
you
recover

postea,
hereafter,

victoria,
by-a-victory,

vectigalia
the revenues

amissa
lost

publicanis
by-the-farmers-therecf.

Neque
Nor

enim,
also,

erit
will-there-be

facultas
the

means

iisdem
with-these-same
(farmers of the revenue)

redimendi,
'of (again)

'contracting-to*

17

194

0RATI0 PRO LEGE MAN1LIA.

propter calamitatem,

collect-the-revenue, on-account-of the calamity (of losing their property/.

neque
nor
(will there

^voluntas
be any)
desire

aliis,
to others,

propter
on-account-of

timorem,
the fear

Deinde,
(of che risks).

quod
that-which

eadem Asia, atque

this-same
Asia,

iste
this

Next,

and

idem
very -same

Mitbridates doeuit nos

Mithridates

initio

Asiatic!

taught

us

in-the-beginning of the Asiatie

belli; war;

id
that

quidem
indeed

debemus
we-ought

certe
certainly

retinere
to retain
*in

(our)

memoria
Memory

docti
taught

calamitate.
by calamity.

Nam
For
res,

scimus
we-know
(that)

turn,
then,

cum permulti amiserant magnas

when very-many Ilomse, at Rome,
had-lost
large

fidem concidisse
fell

fortunes, credit

solutione the payment

impedita.
(of debts)

Enim
For

being hindered.

multi many

possunt non amittere

can
not
lose

rem

atque fortunas in una

and
fortunes
in

(their) property

civitate,
city,

ut

non trahunt
'draw

that Hhey-do not

plures, cum se, many, with themselves,

in
into

eandem calamitatem.
the

A
rempublicam,
the republic,

quo

same

calamity (of loss of property and fortune).

From which

periculo,
misfortune,

probibete
do-you-defend

et credite mini and me believe

(id

quod

ipsi

videtis),

bsec

fides,
credits,

atque
and

(that which you-yourselves perceive) (to be so), these

hsec ratio
this

pecuniarum, quae versatur Romae,

of-money-affairs, which are-practised at

rate (and state)

Rome,
illis

quse
which
(are also practised)

in
in

foro,
the forum,

implicata est
are-bound-up

cum
with

those

Asiaticis
Asiatic

pecuniis,
sums of money (belonging
Ilia
to citizens of

Rome),

et and

cobseret.

possunt non
can
not

cling (to them). Those (sums of moneys, invested in Asia),

ruere,
fall

ut hsec,
lost), (but)

labefactata

(and be

that these (money affairs in Rome), being shaken

eodem
by-the-same

motu,
motion,

non concidant.
would not
fall

Quare
Wherefore

(with them).

ORATIO PRO LEGE MAXILLA.

ridete.
consider,

x95
incumbere

num
if

vobis
you

dubitandum
bellum,
war,

sit

cught-to-doubt

to-apply-yourselvea

omni
with-all

studio
zeal

ad
to

id
that

in
in

quo

gloria

which the glory

vestri of-yom

noroinis,
tiame,

salus

sociorurn
'allies,

maxima
(your)
greatest

vectigalia,
revenues,

the safety 'of (yourj

fortune
(and)
the fortunes of

plurimorum
many

civium,
citizens,

cum
with

republica defendantur.
the republic are defended (and protected).

8.

Quoniam
Because

dixi de belli, genere I-have-spoken concerning ths nature of-the-war,

'I

nunc
now
For
ita
go
x

dicam
will-say

pauca
clici

de
(its)

magnitudine.
magnitude.

a few (words,) concerning

Enim hoc
this

potest

esse
it)
;

genus
a kind
;

belli
of-war

may

be-said (of

(that

it)

is

necessarium,
necessary,

at
that

sit
it-is

gerendum
(absolutely) to-be-waged;

esse
(that)
it-is

non
not

ita
so

magnum,
great,

ut
that

sit

pertimescendum.
ne
forte
by-chance

In quo,
In which,

it-may- be -greatly-feared.

est
it-is

maxime loborandum,
principally

ea
those-things

to-be-sought-for (by me), lest

videantur
may-seem

vobis
to-you

esse
to-be

contemnenda,
despised,

quae
which
*are

diligentissime
most-diligently

providenda sunt.
'to-be-provided-against.

Atque
And
to L.

ut
that

omnes
all

intelligant,
may-understand, (that)

me
I

impertire
grant

L. Lucullo
Lucullus

tantum
so-much

laudis,
of praise,

quantum debeatur
as
is

due

viro, et sapientissimo to-a-brave man, and to-a-very-wise

forti

homini,
man,

et and

magno
to-a-great

imperatori;
general;

dico, Isay,

ejus
(that)

'on

his

adventu,
arrival,

maximas
the-very-great

copias Mithridates fuisse ornatas

forces
of- Mithridates

were

equipped

atque instructas, omnibus rebus

rod
supplied,

que
;

with-all

things (necessary for the war)

and

urbem
that)

Cyzicenorum

clarissimam

Asire,

que
anJ

the

town of-the-Cvzicenians the-most-celebrated of Asia,

196
amicissimam
fche-most-friendly

ORATIO PRO LEGE MANILLA.

nobis,
to-us,

obsessam esse ab
was-besieged

rege

ipso,

by et and

the king hiniseJf,

maxima
with-a-very-great

multitudine,
multitude
(of troops)

vehementissime
inost-violently

oppugnatum,
assaulted,

quam
which
(town)

L. Lucullus
L. Lucullus

liberavit
relieved

snmmis

periculis obsidionis,
dangers
of-a-siege,

virtute,

assiduitate,

from-the-greatest

'by (his) 'valour, perseverance,

eonsilio
(and wise)

ab

eodem
the same

imperatore
general
(Lucullus)

counsel; (and that) by

magnam
a large

et and

ernatam
well-equipped

elassem superatam esse atque

fleet

was-defeated

and

depressam, quae, inflammata

sunk,

studio
Sertorianis
by Sertorian

which,

inflamed

with-an-eager-desire (of vengeance),

raperetur
was-hurried-on

ad
towards

Italiam
Italy

ducibus
leaders;

prseterea
[officers

belonging to Sertorius's party in Spain]

moreover

(that)

magn&s
large

copias
forces

hostium
of-the-eneniy

deletas esse
were-destroyed

multis
in-many

praeliis;
battles;

que
and
(that)

Pontum
Pontus

patefaetum esse
was-opened

nostris
to-our

legionibus, qui ante

legions,

clausus esset
had-been-shut

Romano
to-the-Roman

populo,
people,

which before

ex omni
on
al
1

aditu
fits)

Sinopen atque Amisum,

that

in
.

approaches;

Sinope

and

Amisus,

in

quibus oppidis, erant domicilia

which
towns,

regis

ornata atque
adorned

were

the palaces of-the-king

;

and

referta omnibus rebus

filled

que permultas eeteras urbes

and

with-all

things;

very-many

other

towns

Ponti

et

Cappadoeise eaptas esse,

of-Cappadocia
were-taken,
.

of-Pontus and

'by (his)

uno aditu ^ere approach

patria

atque
and

adventu;
arrival;
(that)

regem
the king

spoliatum
deprived

'of (his) 'paternal

atque
and

avito
ancestral

regno,
kingdom,

eontulisse
betook

se
himself

supplicem ad
a suppliant
tu

alios reges,

atque ad
and
to

alias
other

gentes; atque
nations;

omnia
(that)
all

mtur

kings,

aud

0RATI0 PRO LEGE MANILIA.

hsec
this

197
salvis,
being-safe,

gesta esse,
was-performed,

sociis
the allies

Romani
of-the-Rcman

populi
people

atque vectigalibus
and
the revenues

integris,
being
entire

Opinor
I-

(and undiminished).
;

think

lioc
(that)
this

esse
is

satis enough

laudis

atque
and

ita,
so (delivered),

of-praise;

Quirites, O Romans,

ut
that

vos
you

intelligatis may-understand

hoc
this

L. Lucullum
(that)

L. Lucullus

laudatum esse
has-been-praised

similiter,
in-like-mauner,

ex
from

hoc loco
this

a
legi
law

place [the rostrum] by

nullo

istorum,
of-those,

none

qui who

ohtrectant
object

huic
tc-this

atque
and

causae.
cause (of giving the

command

to

Pompey).

9.

Fortasse
Perhaps
'it-will

nunc
now

requiretur,
1

quemadmodum
how

be-asked,

cum

haec

sint ita,
are
so, (that)

magnum
a great

bellum possit esse

war
can
be

when these-things

reliquum.
left

Cognoscite,
wage).

(for us to

Know

(then)

Quirites ; enim Romans; for

causa.
reason.

hoc
this

videtur
seems
sic
so

quseri
to-be-asked

non
not

sine
without

Primum
First

Mithridates
Mithridates

profugit
fled

ex
from

suo regno, ut
his

ilia

Medea
Medea

kingdom, as that

dicitur
is-said

quondam
once

profugisse
to-have-fled

ex
from

eodem
this-same

Ponto
Pontus
j

quam,
whom,
sui
of-her

predicant, in
they-say,

fuga
iis

dissipavisse
had-strewed-about

membra
the limbs

in (her) flight

fratris,
brother,

in
in

locis,
places,

qua
where (her)

parens
father

those

persequeretur
might-follow-after

se,
her,

ut
that

dispersa
the dispersed

collectio
collection

eorum,
of them,

que
and

patrius
paternal

moeror
grief

retarclaret
might-retard

celeritatem
the celerity

persequendi.
'of (his)

Sic
(her).

Mithridates
Mithridates

fugiens,
flying,

'pursuing

Thus

reliquit in
teft

Ponto omnem
Pontus
all

maximam

vim

auri

in

(that)

very-great abundance of-gold

17*

198
atque
and

OUATIO PRO LEGE MANILIA.

argenti,
of-silver,

que
and

omnium
of-all

pulcberrimarum
(those)
niost-beaatifu!

rerum, quas
things,

et

acceperat
eongesserat
bello,
war,

a
in
in

majoribus,
ancestors,

which

both he-had-inherited from (his)

et and

ipse

suum
his

regnum,
kingdom,

(which) he-himself had-collected-together

direptas 7
plundered,

superiore
in-the- former

ex
from

tota
all

Asia.
Asia.

Dura
Whil

nostri
ur-men

diligentius
diligently

colligunt
collect

omnia
all

haec,

rex

these-things, the king

ipse
himself

effugit
escaped

e
out-of (their)

manibus.
hands.

Ita
So
(as)

mceror
grief.

in studio persequcndi, retardavit ilium him (the father of Medea), in the ardour of- pursuing, (so) retarded

bos

Iaetitia.

Tigranes,
Tigranes,

these (our soldiers were retarded) by-the- delight (of plender).

Armenius
the

rex,
king,

excepit
received

bune
him

in
in

illo
this (his)

timore
alarm

Armenian

et and

fuga, que confirmavit

flight,

diffidentem suis rebus,

despairing
of-his
affairs,

aad

he-encouraged (him)

et and

erexit
^cheered (him)

afflictum
*isp afflicted

que reereavit
he-solaced

(and east down), (and)

(him)

perditum*
ruined,

In eujus regnum 7 posteaquam

In

(with n>ew hopes).

whose

kingdom,

after

L. Lueullus venit
L. Lueullus

cum
with

exereitu, plures gentes etiam

the arm} ,
7

arrived

many

nations

also

concitatse sunt
were-excited

contra nostrum
against
iis

imperatorem.
general.

Enim
For

our

metus injectus erat

fear

nationibus,
nations,

was-inspired

into those

quas Romanus whom the Roman

lacessendas
(of)

populus
people

nunquam
*bad

putavit,
'thought,

neque
either

never

harassing

belloy
by-war,

neque
or (of)

tendandas
attempting (to do
so).

Erat
There-was

etiam
also

alia
another

gravis atque vebemens opinio, quae pervaserat

grave

per

and

vehement

opinion,

which had-prevailed through

animos
the u-inda

barbararum
of-the-barbarous

gentium,
nations, (that)

nostrum exercitum
our

army

OKATIO PRO LEGE MANILIA.

esse
was

199
diripendi
Ita
So

adductum
led

in
into

eas

oras

causa
fani.
temple.

those countries, for-the-purpose of despoiling

locupletissimi,
a-very-rich,

et and

religiosissimi
much-revered

multse many

atque magnas na f.^nes concitabantur,

and
great
nations

quodam
by-some

were-exeited

(against us),

novo terroxe
new
terror

??
9

metu.
fear.

Autem
But

id

etsi although

noster exercitus
our

army

ceperat
bad-taken

urbem ex
a town
in

regno
th<$

Tigranis,
of ligranes,

kingdom

et and

usus erat
had-obtained

secundis
successful

proelii?,
battles,

tamen
however

coromovebatur
moved

nimia longinquitate
by-the-very great distance

locorum,
of-the-places,

ac
and

desiderio
by-the-desire

suorum.
of their
(friends

and home,
plvr<?

jo

which they wished

to return).

'I-wfll

Non jam dicam

not

hie;
here;

enim
for

now

'say

more

illud fuit this was

extremum,
the extreme

at
(point, so)

magis maturus reditus qusereretur,

a

ex
from

that

more

speedy

return

was-sought-for,

iis

locis

a
by

nostris militibus,
our
soldiers,

quam
than

longior processio.
a farther

those places

advance

Autem
(desired.)

Mithridates
Mithridates

et

confirmarat
revived (the confidence of

But

'had both

suam
nis-own

manum,
(immediate)

band

(of followers),

et and

juvabatur
he-was-aided

eorum,
(and strengthened, by the assistance)
of-those,

qui who

collegerant
had assembled
et and

6e
themselves (together)

ex
from

ejus
his

regno,
(own)

magnis
by great

kingdom,

adventitiis
adventitious

copiis
furces

multorum
of-many

regum
kings

et

nationum.
nations.
*

and

Jam
"We-have already

accepimus hoc
'understood
that

solere
it

usually

fieri sic, fere mostly happens so,

ut

afflicts

fortune regum,
fortunes
tf-kings,

facile
easily

alliciant
entice

ad
on-account-of

that the fallen

mibericordiam
p-ty
(for

opes
the assistance

multorum, que
of-many,

maxime
most-es].eoialli

them)

und

20&
eorum,
of-those,

ORATtO PRO LEGE MANILIA.

qui who
sunt
are

aut
either

reges,
kings,

aut
or (who)

vivunt
live

m
unde.
iis,

regno
esse
to-be

quod regale nomen videatur

name
appears

a-kingly-governraent; because the-royal

to-them,

magnum
great

et and

sanctum.
sacred.

Itaque,

victus,

Therefore, (though) conquered

potuit
he-could

efficere
effect

tantum,
so-much
(more),

quantum
than
'he

unquarn
ever

ausus est
*dared

optare
to-hope-for (when)

incolumis.
safe,

Nam
Eoi

(and in prosperity).

cum
when

recipisset se
he-had-returned

in
to

suum
his

regnum,
kingdom,

fuit he-was

non
not ei
to-hini

contentus
prseter
beyond
(his)

eo
(for)

quod
this

acciderat
had-happened

content (to remain quiet) there;

spem,
hopes,

ut
that

posteaquam
after-that

pulsus erat
he-had-been-driven (out of his-kingdom);

unquam
he-should-ever

attin
touch

geret illam terran,

that country

sed

fecit

impetum
an attack

(with his foot again),

but he- made

in on

vestrum clarum atque vitorem exercitum.

your

Sinite
Allow

renowned

and

conquering

army.

me, Quirites,
me,

hoc
in- this

loc
place

(sicut poetoe solent,

(as

Romans,

the poets

used

(to do),

qui whc

seribunt
wrote
(verses)

Romanas
on-Roman
;

res),
affairs),

prseterire
to pass-over

nostram
our

calamitatem
calamity

quae fuit
which

tanta,
so-great,

ut
that

non
not

nuntius

ex

was

a messenger from

proelio,
the battle (field),

sed
but

rumor
rumour

ex
through

sermone
the conversation
(of

men}

afferret
brought

earn
this

ad
(news of our calamity)
to

aures
the ears

L. Luculli.
of L. Lucullus.

Hie
Here

in illo ipso malo, que in this same misfortune, and

gravissima
'in (this)

oflfensione ^ost-grievous disastei

belli,
lf-the-war,

L. Lucullus,
L. Lucullus,

qui who
iis

tamen potuisset
yet

fortasse
perhaps

might

mederi,
bave-remedicd,

ex parte
in

incommodis, coactus vestrc

disasters,

part

those

compelled by-youl

OKATIO PKO LEGE MANIL1A.

201
exemplo,
exampli

quod putavistis jussu, lommand, because you-thought,

(and principles),
a term

veteri
in accordance with-ancient

modum statuendum
dimisit
la-discharged

diuturnitati imperii,

was-to-be-set (to) long-continued 2otnmand,

partem
a part

militum,
of-the-soldiers,

qui who

jam
now

confecti eranfc
had-completed

stipendiis,
(their)

partem
a part

tradidit
he-delivered-over

Glabrioni.
to-Glabrio
(his

terin-of-serviee,

Praetereo
successor).

multa
many-things

consulto;
on-purpose;

sed
but

vos
you

I-pass over

perspieitis
may-perceive

ea
them
illud
that

conjectura.
by-conjecture.

Putetis
You-inay-eonsider
(therefore)

quantum
how-important

bellum
war

factum,
is-made,

quod potentissimi
which
most-powerful

reges
kings

conjungant,
unite-in,

agitatae
(which)
agitated

nationes
(and irritated)
nations

renovant,
renew,

integrse
the entire

gentes
people-of-a-country

suscipiant,
undertake, (and of

(which)

vester
which war) your

novus
new
army

imperator
commander
pulso.
being repulsed.
[Glabrio]

aceipiat 3
receives

vetere exercitu
(the

command), the old

10. Videor mihi

It

fecisse

satis

multa verba,
many
words,

seems

to-me (that) I-have-made enough

quare
[that I

hoc
this

bellum
wai

have spoken enough,]

(to

show you)

why

esset

genere
(its)

ipso necessarium,
necessary,

magnitudine
'from
(its)

might-be 'from

'nature itself

*magnituda

periculosum
danger dus;

videatur
it

restat,
(that)
it

ut
that

seems

remains,

dicendum

esse,

de

imperatore
tantis

diligendo ad
rebus.
affairs.

id
this

mention-ought-to-be-made, about the commander to-be-selected for

bellum, ac pneficiendo
war,

and

the entrusting (him with) such great

Utinam,
I-wish,

Quirites, Romans,

haberetis
that-you-had

tantam
so-great

copiam
an abundance

fortium
of-

brave

at que and

iimoeentium virorum,
honest

ut
that

hsec
this

vobia
you}

men,

02
deliberate
deliberation

ORATIO PRO LEGE MANILIA.

esset
would-be
difficilis
difficult
(i.u

quemnam
determining)

whom

putaretis
you-might-consider

potissimum
most-espccially
(proper)

prseficiendum
to-be-entrusted

tantis
with-such-great

rebus,
affairs,

ac
and

tanto
with-so-great

bello.
a war.

Vero nunc
But

now

cum
wben

sit there

Cn. Pompeius
is

unius,
alone,

Cn.

Pompey

qui superarit who may-hav e-excelled

r

gloriam non modo

fehe

eorum
of those

hominum, qui nunc

men,

sunt,
are,

glory

not

only

who

now
virtute
by
(his)

sed etiam
but
also

memoriam
quae
res
thing

antiquitatis,

the-reinembranee (of the men) of-antiquity,

courage

est,
is

quae possit facere

(there then),

(and merits)

what

which

can
?

occasion

dubium animum cujusquam,

a doubt

in hac causa
in
this

Enira ego
For
I

in-the-mind
sic,
thus,
(that)

of-any-one,

case?

existimo
consider

in sumnio imperatore, has quatuor

in

a great

general,

these

four

res

oportere

inesse,

scientiam militaris
of military

things are-necessary (for him) to-be-possessed-of, the-science

rei,
affairs,

virtutem, auctoritatem,
valour,

felicitatem.
(of renown), (and)

the authority

good-fortune,

Quis igitur fuit aut unquam scientior, more-skilled Who therefore was either ever
aut debuit
or

(in military affairs),

esse

hoc homine? qui

man?
went
pueritias,

ludo,
schooj,

ought

to-have-been (than) this

who from

atque disciplina
and
patris,
*f (his) 'father,

profectus est ad exercitum

to

l the instruction 'of (his) youth,

the

army

atque in
and
for (the

disciplinam
purpose of receiving)
instruction
(in)

militiae

maximo
;

bello,
war, [the social war,]

military affairs; (there being then) a-very-great

atque acerrimis hostibus

and
most-active

enemies; (he,)

qui who

extrema
(thus)
at the close (of his)

pueritia fuit
boyhood

miles

summi
ipse

imperatoris,
commander,

ineunte
on entering

was

a soldier of-a-consummate

adolescentia,

imperator
commander

maximi
of-a-very-greaf

Cihe age of) a-young-man, (was) himself the

0RATI0 PRO LEGE MANILLA.

exercitfls army;
;

203
hoste,
foe,

qui who

ssepius
'had more often

conflixit bought

cum

"with (the public)

quam
than

quisquam
any-one

concertavit
had-contended

cum
with (a private)

inimico,
enemy,

gessit bad-waged

plura
more

bella,
wars,

quam
than

ceteri
others

legerunt,
had-read-of,

confecit
had-settled-the-affairs (of)

plures
more

provincias,
provinces,

quam
than

alii

others

coneupiverunt
had-longed-for;

cujus
whose

adolescentia
youth

erudita est
was-trained

ad
to

ecientiam
the knowledge

militaris
of- military

rei
affairs

non
not

praeceptis
by-the precepts (of)

alienis,
others,

sed
but

suis
'by his

imperils, 'commands

non offensionibus
(of armies),

belli,
of war,

not

by-the-disasters

sed
but

victoriis,
by-victories,

non
not

stipendiis,
by-campaigns,

sed
but

triumphis.
by-triumphs.

Denique,
In-fine,

quod
what

genus
kind

belli
of-war

potest
can

esse,
there-be,

in
in

quo
which
?

fortuna
the -good-fortune

reipublicae
of-the-republic

non
'may not

exercuerit
'have-exercised

ilium

him,

Civile,
(and given him an opportunity, to display his abilities)?

The

civil (war),

Africanum,
the African
(war),

Transalpinum,
the Transalpine (war),

Hispaniense,
the Spanish

(war\

mixtum
a

ex civitatibus
states (revolted

atque ex
from Rome), and
of

mixed (war, composed) of

bellicosissimis
the most-warlike

nationibus, servile,
nations,

navale bellum,
wai

the servile (war), the-naval

(against the pirates),

et diversa genera, et diverse kinds, various and both

varia

bellorum
of wars

et
and

hostium,
of enemies,

non solum gesta ab hoc uno,

'were

not

only

'waged

by

this

one

(man),

Bed
but

etiam
also

confecta
terminated
(successfully);

declarant
they-assert
(that)

esse
there
is

nullam rem positam

no

in militari
military

usu,
practic*

quae
^bic^

thing laid-down (or established) in

possit fugere scientiam hujus viri. eould escape the knowledge of-this man.

204
11.

ORATIO PRO LEGE MANILIA.

Vero jam, quae

But
now,

oratio
language

potest
can

inveniri
v e-found

par
equal

what

virtuti
^o-the (military)
'virtue

Cn. Pompeii?
of-Cn.

quid
what
illo,
is

est,
there,

quod
which

Pompey ?

quisquam possit
any-one
can

afferre aut announce either

dignum
worthy

aut
or

novum
new

of-him,

vobis,
to you,

aut
or

inauditum
unheard-of

cuiquam?
by-any-one?

Enim neque
For
neither

sunt
are

illae

solse
the only

virtutes
virtues

imperatoris,
of-a-commander,

quae
which
'are

vulgo
commonly

.hose

existimantur,
Considered

labor

in negotiis, fortitudo
in

(as such), (namely), industry

business,

fortitude

in
in

periculis,
danger,

indu stria
energy

in
in

agendo,
acting,

celeritas
rapidity

in
in

conficiendo,
executing,
(wise)

consilium in providendo
counsel
in

foreseeing, (and providing against

quae
events);

sunt
(all)

tanta
so-great

in
in

hoc uno
this

quanta
(man)
as

which

are

one

non fuerunt
never

in
in

omnibus
all

reliquis
other

imperatoribus, quos
commanders,

were

whom
testis
a witness

aut
'we-have either

vidimus, aut audivimus.

'seen,

Italia est
Italy
is

or

heard-of.

quam, L. Sulla
(of this),

ipse,

ille

victor,

confessus est,
confessed,

which,

L. Sulla

himself, that conqueror,

liberatam
est
is

virtue

et subsidio hujus.
of him. [Pompey.]

Sicilia
Sicily

was-delivered by-the-valour and assistance

testis, a witness,

quam
which

cinctam
surrounded

undique
on-all-sides

multis
by-many

periculis,
dangers,

explicavit,
he-delivered,

non
not

terrore
by-the-terror

belli,
of-war,

sed
bui

celeritate
by-the-celerity

consilii.
'of (his) 'deliberations

Africa est
(and operations).
Africa
is

testis,
witness,

quae
which

oppressa

magnis

copiis
forces

oppressed (and overwhelmed) by-the-great

hostium,
Gallia
(enemies),

redundavit sanguine eorum ipsorum.

same

f-the-enemy, the country overflowed with-the-blood of-these

est
is

testis,
a-witness,

per
through

quam,
which,

iter
a road

in
inte

Gaul

0RATI0 PRO LEGE MANILLA.

tlispaniam
Bpain

205
legionibus,
legions,

patefactum est
was-opened

nostris
for-our

mternecione
by-the- massacre

Gallorum.
of-the-Gauls.

Hispania est
Spain
is

testis,
a- witness,

quae
which

saepissime
very-often

conspexit
has-seen
(our)

plurimos many
(man).

hostes
enemies

superatos,
overcome,

que
and

prostratos
prostrated

ab
by

hoc.
this

Italia
Italy

est
is

sepius
often

et and

iterurn
again

testis, quae a witness, which

cum

premeretur
expetivit
requested

tetro,
by-the-disgraceful,

when it-was-hard-pressed
bello,
war,

que periculoso
and
dangerous

servili
servile

auxilium
aid

ab
from

hoc
him

absente
absent;

quod
which

bellum
war

attenuatum

est was-weakened

atque
and

imminutum
diminished

expectatione
by-the-expectation

Pompeii,
of

adventu
*by (his) Arrival
(it)

Pompey,

sublatum
was-done-away-with
.orse,
the coasts,

ac
and

sepultum.
buried.

Vero
But

jam
now

omnes
all

atque
and

omnes
all

exterse
foreign

gentes
people

ac
and

nationes,
nations,

denique
in-fine

omnia
all

maria,
the-seas,

turn
as-well

universa,
collectively,

turn
as

in
in

singulis,
particular,

omnes sinus atque portus,

all

testes.

Enim
For

the bays

and

harbours, (are) witnesses.

quis locus, toto

what
place,
in-all (the

mari, habuit
Mediterranean)
sea,

aut
either

tarn
so

had

firmum preesidium,
strong

ut
fortified), that

esset
it-might-be

a protection, (and was so strongly

tutus,
safe

aut fuit tarn abditus,

or

ut
that

(from the attacks of the pirates),

was

so

concealed,

lateret

?
?

Quis

navigavit,
made-a-voyage, by-sea,

qui
that

it-might-be-hidden (from them)

Who
aut
either

Mid

non committeret
not

se,
himself,

periculo
to-the-danger

mortis, aut
of death, or

Expose

servitutis,
of slavery,

cum mari
when

navigaretur,

aut

hieme,

aut
or

the sea was- to-be-navigated, either in-winter,

referto
fall

praedonum?
of pirates
(in

Quis
summer)
?

unquam
eve*

Who

18

206

ORATIO PRO LEGE MANILIA.

hoc
(that)
this

arbitraretur
could-have-supposed

tantum
so-great

bellum,
a war,

tain
so

turpe,
disgraceful,

tarn vetus,
so
old,

tarn
(and)
so

late
widely

dispersum, posse
dispersed,

cculd

confici,
be-terminated,

ant
either

ab
by

omnibus
all

imperatoribus
the generals
?
(c*f

uno
in -one

anno, aut ab uno imperatore omnibus annis

year,
or

by

one

general

in-all

the years

lis life)?

Quam
What

provinciam
province

tenuistis
have-you-kept

liberam
free

a
from

prsedonibus,
pirates,

per

hosce
(late)

annos
years?
?

quod
what (source of )

vectigal fuit
revenue
?
?

through these-here

was

tutum
safe

vobis

quern socium
what
ally

defendistis

cui
to-whoin

for-you?

bave-you-defended

fuistis were-you

presidio
a guard

vestris
(and defence)
with-your

classibus?
fleets?

quam
how

multas
many many

insulas
islands

existimatis

esse

desertas
relictas
x

quam
how
i

do-you-suppose to-have-been deserted?

multas urbes
cities

sociorum
of-the-allies

aut
'have either
?

metu,

been-left

through-fear,

aut captas pnedonibus

or

captured

by-the-pirates?

12.

Sed
But
fuit was

quid ego why Mo I

commemoro
^ake-mention-of
fuit

longinqua?
distant (things)?

Hoc
This

quondam,
formerly,
(this)

proprium
the peculiarity

Romani
of-the-Roinan

was

populi
people

bellare
to-carry- on-war

longe
far

a
from

domo,
home,

et and

defendere
to protect

fortunas

sociorum,

propugnaculis
sua tecta

imperii,

Ihe fortunes *of (their) allies, by-all-the-defences-and-arms of-the-empire,

non
mare,
the sea,

Ego
fuisse
has-been

dicam,
say,
(that)

(and) not (to contend for) their

houses (and homes). I

per
during

hosce
these-latter

annos,
years,

clausum
closed

vestria
to-youi

eociis,
lillies,

cum
when

nostri
our

exercitus
(own)
armies
^have

nunquam
never

transmiserint
l

a
from

Brundisio, nisi
Brundisium,

summa

erossed-over

(the sea)

unless in-the- depth (of

ORATIO PRO LEGE MANILIA.

207

hieme?
winter?

Querar
May -I
(not) complain,

qui, ab exteria foreign (when those) who, from

nationibus venirent ad vos,

nations

captos,

cum
when

legati
the ambassador!

were-coming

to

you, were-captured,
?

Romani
f-the-Roman

populi
people

redempti sint

dicam
may-I
(not) say,
(tbfct)

had-to-be-ransomed?

mare
the sea

fuisse was

non
not

tutum
safe

mercatoribus,
for-the-merohants,

cum
when
in
into

duodecim
the twelve

secures
axes
(of

pervenerint
two praetors)
?
?
'

had-come

potestatem
the power

prsedonum
of-the-pirates

Commemorem
Need-I-mention

Cniduni aut
Cnidus
or

Colophonem,
Colophon,

aut
or

Samum,
Samos,

nobilissimas
most-noble

urbes,
cities,

que
and

innumerabiles
innumerable

alias
others
(all)

captas esse,
captured
(by the pirates),

cum
when

sciatis vestros you know your-own

portus, atque
harbours,

eos
those

portus,
harbours,

quibus
from-which

and

ducitis you-draw

vitam
life

et spiritum, and breath, [from which you derive the means of

fuisse
tustenance,]

in
in

potestate
the power

prsedonum
of-the-pirates

?
?

An
Or

vero,
indeed,

were

ignoratis
are-you-ignorant
(that)

celeberrimum
the-very-celebrated

portum
harbour

Caietse,
of Caieta,

atque
and
(then)

plenissimum
very-full

navium,
of-ships,

direpturn esse
was-plundered
?

a
by

proedonibus,
the pirates,

prsetore
a (Roman)
preetor

inspectante
looking-on
?

Autem
But

ex
(that also)

Miseno
Misenum

liberos
the child

ejus
of-that

from
ibi

ipsius, qui same (person), who

antea
before
l

gesserat
*

bellum
war
?

cum
with

praedonibus,
the pirates,

had there

waged

sublatos esse
was carried- off

a
by

prsedonibus
the pirates
?

Nam
For

quid ego why 'may I

both
that

(not)

querar
Vomplain

Ostiense
(of) the Ostian

incommodum, atque
disaster,

illam labem
stain

atque
ftnd

ignominiam
ignominy

reipublicse,
of-the-republic,

cum,
when,

vobis
you

prope
almost

08

ORATIO PRO LEGE MANILIA.

ea
that

aspectantibus,
looking-on,

classis,
fleet,

cui

consul

Romam
destroyed

over-which a consul of-the-Roman

populi
people

propositus eset,
was-placed,
?

capta
was-taken

atque
and
dii
!
!

oppressa est

a prsedonibus
by-the-pirates
?

Pro
By

immortales
the immortal

Ne
How

potui*
couli

Gods

incredibilis, ac divina virtus unius hominis the incredible, and man divine virtue (and courage) of-one

affere

tantam
such-great

lucem
light (and safety)

reipublic93
to-the-republic.

[Pompey]

bring

tarn brevi tempore, ut

'in

vos,
you,

so

'short

a time,

that

qui who

modo

videbatis
saw

not-long-since

classem
the fleet

hostium
of-the-enemy

ante
before

ostium
the

Tiberinum,
(of the)

mouth

Tiber,

nunc
now

audiatis
hear
(that)

esse
there-is

nullam
no

navem
ship

praedonum
of-the-pirates

intra ostium

Oeeani?
?

Atque
[within the straits of Gibralter?]

within the straits of-the Ocean

And
(things)

quanquam
although

videtis
you-see

qua
with-what

celeritate,
rapidity,

haec
these,

gesta sint, may-have-been-done,

tamen
however

non praetereunda sunt

'they-are not

'to-be-passed-over

a
by

me,
me,

in
in

dicendo.
(my) discourse.

Enim
For

quis who

unquam,
ever,

aut
either

studio
with-the-desire

obeundi
of transacting

negotii,
business,

aut
or

consequendi
of-seeking-after

quaestus,
gain,

potuit,
could,
'in

tarn
so

brevi
'short

tempore,
a time,

adire
visit

tot so-many

loca,
places, (and could have)

conficere
performed

tantos
such

cursus,
(long) voyages,

quam
a.i

celeriter
rapidly
(as)

impetus
the impetuosity

of

belli war

navigavit,
navigated
(the deep),

Cn. Pompeio
Cn Pompey

duce

being leader?

qui, mari who, the sea

nondum
'not (being as)
'yet

tempestivo
in-a-proper-stato

ad
for

navigandum,
navigation,
;

adiit
sailed (to)

Siciliam,
Sicily..

exploravit
explored
(the coa^t of)

Africam
Africa;

inde

venit

cum
with

class*
the
fleer,

thence he-came

ORATIO PRO LEGE MANILLA.

Sardinian!,
to Sardinia,

203
frumentaria
granaries

atque
and

munivit
he fortified

hose
these

tria
three

subsidia reipublicae, firmissimis prnesidiis que classibus.

of the republic,

with-very-strong garrisons

and

with-fleets.

Inde cum recepisset se in Italiam, duabus Hispaniis

Thcnco when he-had-returned into
Italy,

the two

S pains

et and

Cisalpina
Cisalpine

Gallia
Gaul

confirmata
being-strengthened

proesidiis
by-garrisons

ao
and

navibus, item
by-ships,
also

missis
having-sent

navibus in
ships

oram

Illyrici

unto

the coast of the Illyrican

maris,
sea,

et and

in
unto

Acbaiam
Achaia

que
and

omnem
all

Grceciam.
Greece

adornavit
he-furnished

duo
the two

maria
seas

Italic
of Italy
;

maximis
with-very-large

classibus
fleets

que
and

firmissimis
very-strong

prsesidiis
garrisons;

autem
but

ipse
he-hiinself

adjunxit
added

totam
all

Ciliciam
Cilicia

ad
to

imperium
the empire

Eomani
of-the-Konian

populi,
people,
;

undequinquagesimo
on-the-forty-ninth

die,
day,

ut
after

profectus est Brundisio

he-had-left

Brundisiuin

omnes
all

prsedones,
the pirates,

qui, who,

ubique
in-whatever-place

fuerunt,
they-were,
'were

partim capti sunt que interfecti,

partly

partim
partly

dediderunt
they-surreudered

'captured

and

killed,

se
themselves

imperio
to-the-coniniand

ac
and

potestati hujus unius.

power
of this

one

(man).

Idem Cretensibus,
[They unconditionally surrendered
to

Pompey.]

Also

to-the-Cretans,

cum
eum,
him,

misissent
in
to

legatos

que deprecatores ad
and
intercessors
to

(who) when they-had-sent ambassadors

Pamphyliam
Pamphylia,

usque
'he-even did

non
not

ademit
'take-from (them;

spem
the hope
(of receiving their)

deditionis,
submission,

que
and

imperavit
he-commandec1

obsides.
^thein to give)

Ita
Thus

Cn. Pompeius
Cn.

extrem^
at-the-end (of)

hostages.

Pompey

hieme
winter

apparavit,
prepared
for,

ineunte
at-the-commencement

vere,
(of) spring,

suscepit,
undertook*

18*

210 media
by-the-iniddle

ORATIO PRO LEGE MANILIA.

restate
of

confecit,
terminated, (this)

tantum
so-great

bellum
a

summer

war

(of j

tarn diuturnum, tarn longe

iuch
long-duration,
so
far

que
and

late dispersum,
wide
spread-out,

quo
by whici

bello war

omnes gentes ac nationes premebantur.

all

people

and

nations

were oppressed.

13. Hgec
This

virtus
virtue

imperatoris,
(and talent of this)

est
ia

commander,

divina
divine

atque
and

incredibilis.
incredible.

Quid

?
(his)

ceterse
other
(virtues)

What?

quas
which

paullo
a
little

ante
before

coeperam commemorare,
I-began
to

quantaa
how-great

mention,

atque
and

quam

multae
bellandi

sunt?
they-are?

enim non solum

for

virtus
the virtue

how numerous

not

only

querenda
sunt
liujus
of this

est in
in

summo
a great

atque
and

(and talent) of-carrying-on-war

are-requirsd

perfecto imperatore, sed

perfect

commander,

but there are

multse eximise many eminent

artes
qualities

administrse que comites

the-hand-maids and companions

(military)

virtutis. virtue (and

talent).

Ac
And

primum,
.

quanta
how-much
esse
?

innocentia
honesty
(and purity)

debent
ought

firstly,

im per a tores
commanders

deinde
then

quanta
how-much
fides,
the-faith

temperantia in
moderation
ic

to-have?
?

omnibus rebus
all

quanta
how-great

things?

(and confidence that

mav

quanta
be placed in them), how-very (easy of)

facilitate ?
access?

quanto
how-great
(their)

ingenio?
genius

quanta
?

humanitate?
humanity?

(and good disposition)

how-great (their)

quae
which
in
to,

(qualities)

sint breviter consideremus, qualia 'consider, how they-may-be 'let-us briefly

Cn. Pompeiio.
(or

Enim omnh
For
al]

may

be appropriate

to),

Cn. Pompeius.

sunt
are

summa,
cognosci atque
be

(of) the highest (degree in him),

Quirites, sed ea possunt Romans, but these maj

tnagis
better

intelligi,
understood,

ex
from

contentione
comparison
(with.

known

and

ORATIO PRO LEGE MANILIA.

aliorum,
others,

211

quam
than

ipsa
they

per
by

sese.
themselves,

/ Enim
For

quem
whom

possumus
can-we

putare
reckon

aliquo
in-any

(manner)

in among

numero
the

number

imperatorunij
of-generals,

in
in

cujus
whose

exercitu,
army,
?
(it) ?

veneant
they-inay-seJ!.

centuriatus,

atque
and

venierint

quid
how
(can

the-office-of-centurion,

may-have-sold

we suppose

hune hominem cogitare

that)

magnum,
a great,

aut

amplum,
a noble,

that

man

thinks (in)

or (in)

de
and
lofty

republica,
the republic,

(manner) concerning

qui who

aut
'inay-have either

diviserit
'distributed

pecuniam
the

depromptam
taken-out

ex
from

serario
the-public-treasury

money

ad administrandum bellum, magistratibus,

to

propter
aut,
or,

carry-on

the war,

among

the magistrates, on-account-of

cupiditatem
a desire
(to retain the

provinciae,

command)

'of .(his)

'province,

propter
on-account-of

avaritiam,
avarice,

reliquerit
may-have-left (the money)

Romae,
at

in
at

Rome,

quaetu
interest?

Vestra admurmuratio, Quirites,

Your
murmurs,

facit,

Romans,

make

(it

appear),

ut videamini
that

agnoscere,
to-recognise,

you-seem

qui fecerint haec; autem who may-have-done this; but

ego nomino nenrinem

I

quare
wherefore

nemo
no-one

poterit

irasci
get-angry

mention

no-one;

may

mihi,
/with)

nisi
unless (he)

me,

ante qui who beforehand

voluerit
might-wish

conStere
to-confess

de
ignorat
is

se.
faults).

Itaque quis
Therefore

concerning himself, (that he has committed such

who

quantas
how-many

calamitates,
calamities,

nostri
our

exercitus
armiea

ignorant

ferant,
may-have-brought,

quocunque
in-whatever-place
(they

ventum
may)
arrive,

sit,

propeter
on-account-of

hanc avaritiam
this

imperatorum
per
during

avarice, (and rapacity) 'of (our)

'generals?

Recordamini
Recollect

itinera,
the marches,

quae,
which,

hosce
these-latter

annos,
years.

212
nostri
our

ORATIO PRO LEGE MANILIA.

imperatores fecerunt
commanders

in
in

Italia,
Italy,

per
through

agros
land

made

atque
and

oppida
towns

Romanorum
of

civium,
citizens,

turn
l then you-wil]

Roman
quid
what

facilius
the-more-easily

statuetis,
determine,

existimetis
you-may-think

fieri
is-done

apud
among

exteras
foreign

nationes.
nations.

Utrum
Whether

arbitramini,
do-you-think,
(that)

per
during

hosce
these-latter

annos, plures urbes

years,

hostium

deletas esse

more

towns of-the-enemy have-been-destroyed

armis
by-the-arms

vestrorum
of-your

militum,
soldiers,

an
or

civitates
cities

sociorum
potest
cun

of (your) allies

in
in
is

hibernis?
the winter-quarters
(of

Enim neque
your soldiers)
?

For

neither

imperator
commander
se

continere
restrain
(his)

exercitum,
army,

that

qui who

non
Moes
not

continet
'restrain

ipsum

neque
nor
can he

esse
be

severus
strict

in
in

himself;

judicando,
judging
(of others),

qui who
in
over

non
Moes not
se.
himself.

vult
x

alios
(to

esse
to-be

wish

have) others

severos
strict

judices
judges

Hie
Here

miramur
let-us-admire

hunc
this

hominem,
man,

tantum

excellere
excelling
(all)

ceteris,
others,

cujus
whose

[Pompey,] so-much

legiones pervenerunt sic

legions

in

Asiam,
Asia,

ut
that

arrived

(in that state of discipline) in

non modo
not

manus
dicatur
may-be-said

tanti

exercitus, sed
an army,
but

only (not) the hand (of any one) of-so-great

ne quidem vestigium
not

nocuisse
to-have-injured

cuiquam
any

even

the footstep

pacato?
peaceable
(person)?

Vero jam,
But
now,

quotidie
daily

sermones
reports

ac
and

literse
fetters

perferuntur,
are-brought
(to us),

quemadmodum
how

milites
the soldiera

hibernent.
conduct-tnemselves-in-winter-quarters.

Non
Not
faciat

modo
only
(that)

vis
force

affertur nemini, ut
i?

sumptum
expense

in
in (maintaining*

Applied to-no-one, that he-should-make

ORATIO PRO LEGE

mil item
a soldier;
;

MAN ILIA.
allowed

213

sed
but
this is

ne quidem permittitur cuiquam

not

even

to

any one

cupienti.
wishing
(to

Enim
do
so).

nostri majores voluerunt,

our
ancestors
desired,
(that)

For

in

tectis

sociorum atque amicorum,

'allies

esse
(there ought)

the-houses 'of (our)

and

friends,

to-b8

perfugium
a refuge
(from the severity)

hiemis,
of-winter,

non
qualis
what

avaritise.

not (a place) of-rapacity.

sit

14.

Age
But

vero,
now,

considerate
cork-ider

may-be

(his)

temperantia
moderation

in
in

ceteris
other

rebus.
things.

Unde
Whence

putatis
do-you-suppoee

inventum
originated

illam
that

tantam
so-great

celeritatem,
celerity,

et and

tarn
such

incredibilem
incredible

cursum?
voyages?

Enim
For

non
no

eximia
extraordinary

(expeditious)

vis

remigum,
gubernandi,
of-steering-a-vessel,

aut quaedam
or

in audita
unheard-of

strength (or skill) of-the-rowers,

any

(hitherto)

ars
skill

aut
or

aliqui any

novi
new
in
unto

venti,
winds, (that)

pertulerunt
carried

ilium
him
ea3
those

tarn
so

celeriter
swiftly

ultimas
the-most-distant

terras
lands

sed
but

res,
things,

quae solent remorari ceteres

--which
used
;
;

to retard

other

non
(commanders)

retardarunt
'retard

avaritia
avarice

non
Mid not

Mid not

(him)

devocavit
'call

ab
from
(his)

instituto
intended

cursu
route

ad
to

aliquam
any

(him) *away

prsedam,
plunder,

non
no

libido
lust

ad voluptatem, non amoenitas

to

pleasure,

no

charms

ad delectationem,
(of a place enticed

non
it),

him)

to

the enjoyment

(of

no

nobilitas renown
derfique.

urbis
of-a-city (induced

ad
him) to

cognitionem,
become-acquainted
(with
it),

in-line,

non
net

labor
labour

ipse
itself

ad
to

quietem.
(indulge in)
repose.

Postremo
Lastly

et tabulas, que cetera the statues and pictures, and the other

signa

ornamenta Graecorum
ornaments
of Greek

214
oppidorum,
towns,

0RATI0 PRO LEGE MANILIA.

quae
which
ille

ceteri
other

arbitrantur
(commanders)
suppose

tollenda esse,
might-be-taken-away,

quidem
indeed
sibi. by-him.

existimavit,
thought,
(that)

ea
they

he

ne
l

visenda
'to-be-seen

Itaque nunc quidem,

Therefore

t&ey-ought not

now

indeed
sicufc
aft

omnes
all

in
in

his
those

locis
places

intuentur
look-upon

Cn. Pompeium,
Cn. Potnpey,

aliquem
some-one

non
not

missum
sent

ex
from

hac
this

urbe,
city,

sed
but (as one)

delapsum
descended

de
from

coelo ; heaven ;
'

nunc denique incipiunt credere

now
at-length

they-begin

to-believe

fuisse
(that) there-had-been

quando
once
(such)

homines
men
;

Roman os,
the

(among)

Romans,

hac abstinentia
(thus distinguished)

quod
which
(until)

jam
now
falso
falsely

by that moderation;

videbatur
appeared

incredibile
incredible

exteris
to foreign

nationibus,
nations,

ac
and

proditum
transmitted

memorise.
to-the-memory (of posterity).

Nunc
Now
gentibus.
nations.

splendor vestri
the splendour of your

imperii
empire

lucet

illis

Nunc,
Now,

non
not

sine
without

shines (on) these

causa,
reason,

intelligunt,
they-understand, (that)

suos
their

majores
ancestors

turn,
then,

cum
when

habeamus
we-had

magistratus
magistrates

hac
populo,
people,

temperantia,
temperance,

(distinguished) by such

maluisse
would-rather
aliis.
others.

servire
serve

Romano
the

quam imperare
than

Roman
access

command

Jam
Now

vero,
indeed,

aditus
ita
so

ad
to

eum
him
(by)

privatorum
private-persona

dicuntur
is-said

esse
to-be

faciles,
easy,

ita

libera,
unrestrained (are)

and

so

querimoniae de
the complaints
of

injuriis
the injuries

aliorum,
of others (received),

ut
that

is,
he,

qui who

excellit
sxeels

principibus
the-first-and-highest
(of

dignitate,
men)
infimis.
with-the-lowest.
in dignity,

facilitate,
in affability,

videatur
eems

esse
to-be

par
on-a-par

Jam
Now

quantum
how-much

ORATIO PRO LEGE MANILIA.

valeat
he-prevails

215
gravitate

consilio,
*by (his wise)

quantum
bow-much
in
in
J

Counsel,

by-the

weight

et and

copiS,
copiousness

dicendi,
of (his) speaking,

quo
which

ipso,
same,

inest
there-exists

qusedam
a certain

imperatoria
commanding
in
in

dignitas,
dignity,

vos,
(which)
you,

Quirites, Romans,

saepe
often

cognoscitis,
experience,

hoc
this

ipso
same

loco.
place.

Vero
[The forum.]

But

quantam
how-great

putatis
do-you-think

ejus
his

fidem
(good)
faith

existimari
was-estimated

inter among

socios,
the
allies,

quam
which

hostes
the enemies

omnium
of-all

gentium
nations
?
[the pirates]

judicarint
may-have-judged
(to

sanctissimam
be)

Jam
Now
dictu,
to-say,

tanta,
by-such-great

most-sacred?

humanitate
humanity

est,
it is

ut
(so),

sit

difficile
difficult

utrum
whether

that it-may-be

hostes
the

timuerint
may-have-feared

ejus
his

virtutem
valour

magis,
more,

enemy

(when)

pugnantes, an dilexerint
fighting,

mansuetudinem
(his)

or

have-loved

mildness

(more,

when they

were)

victi. conquered.

Et
And
x

quisquam
will

dubitabit,
Moubt,
sit,

quin
but-that

any-one

tantum bellum
so-great

transmittendum
may-be-entrusted

huic
to-him,

a war (as the Mithridatic)

qui
who

videatur may seem

natus esse
to-have-been-born

quodam
by-some

divino
divine

consilio
counsel

ad
to the (successfully)

conficienda omnia bella nostrae

finishing
all

the wars

of our

(present)

memoriae
15.
in
in

?
?

recollection (and time)

Et quoniam
And
because

auctoritas
great-reputation

valet multum,
avails

quoque
as-well

much,

administrandis
carrying-on

bellis, war,

atque in militari imperio,

as
in

military

command,

certe
there certainly

est
is

dubium
(no)

nemini,
to-any-one,

quin

ea

re,
affair,

doubt

but-that in-this

ille
that

idem imperator
same

possit
can-do

plurimum.
much.

Autem
But

commander

quis wh*

216
ignorat,
's-ignorant, (that)

0RATI0 PRO LEGE MANILIA.

vehementer pertinere ad administranda
it

strictly

belongs

to

the conducting

bella,
'of)

quid
what

hostes,
the enemy,

quid

socii
allies

war,

what the

existiment may think

de
about

vestris
your

imperatoribus,
commanders,

cum
when
in

sciamus,
we-know, (that

homines
men
ut
that

commoveri
are-moved
(and excited)

tantis
such-great

rebus,
affairs,

aut
either

in

contemnant
they-may-despise

aut metuant, aut oderint aut ament,

or
fear,

or

may-hate

or

love (them),

non minus opinione

not
less

by-opinion

et and

fama,
by-report,

quam
than

aliqua
by-any
fuit was
?

cert4
certain

ratione
reason

?
?

Quod nomen
What
in
in

igitur
therefore

unquam
ever

(and ^ronnds)

name

clarius
more-celebrated (t>An Pompey's)

orbe terra rum

the world?

cujus
whose

res gestae
exploits

pares

(have b^ei)

? equal (to his)

id
?

quod

maxime

(and) that

which most-greatly

facit

ad
vos

autoritatem
authority

de quo homine
(and dignity);
of

lontributes to his

what

man

fccistis
x

tanta
so-great

'have you

made

et tarn and so

prseclara
illustrious

judicia?
judgments?

An
Or

vero
indeed

putatis
do-you-think
(that)

esse
there-was

usquam
any- where
illius
of-that

ullara any

oram
region

tarn
so

desertam,
deserted,
;

quo
in-which

fama
the renown

diei day

inay

non
not
1

pervaserit

cum
when
and

universus
the-entire

Romanus
Roman
templis
the temples

populus,
people,

have-penetrated;

foro
the forum

referto,
being-full,

que omnibus
all

repletis,
being-filled,

ex quibus hie locus potest conspici,

from

depoposcit sibi
demanded
for themselves

which

this

place

might

be-seen,

On.

Pompeium
Pompey

unum,
alone, (as)
?

imperatorem
commander

ad
for

commune
the

Cn.

common

bellum omnium gentium

?ar
of-all

Itaque,

nations

[The war against the pirates?] Therefore,

m
hat

non dicam plura, neque confirmem

'I-inay not
*say

exemplis

more,

nor

confirm

by- the-exainplei

0RATI0 PRO LEGE MANILIA.

aliorum,
of others,

217
in

quantum
how-much

auctoritas valeat
authority
prevails

(and has influence)

in

bello
war;

exempla
the examples

omnium
of-all

egregiarum
eminent

rerum
exploits

sumantur
are-to-be-taken

ab
from

eodem
this-same

Cn. Pompeio
Cn. Poinpey

die
on-the-day

quo,
in which,

qui propositus est

he
was-placed-over

maritimo bello a vobis

the maritime

war

by

you

(as,

imperator,
commander,

repente
suddenly
est,

tanta
so-great

vilitas
a cheapness

annonae
of provisions

consecuta
followed,

ex
from

summa
the greatest

inopia
want

et and

caritate
dearness

frumentariae
of corn,

rei,

spe
by-the-hope

unius
(and confidence placed in)
one

hominis,
man,

et and (by-the renown of

nomine
his)

quantam
r

name

such (cheapness)

as

vix
scarcely

diuturna
a long

pax
peace

potuisset
could-have

efficere,
effected,

ex

summa

from the greatest

ubertate
fertility

agrorum.
of-the-fields.

calamitate in >f Jam, calamity in Yet-now-more, the (great)

Ponto accepta,
Pontus being-sustained (by
us),

ex eo
by
that

prcelio,
battle,

de
of

quo paullo
which
a
little

ante,
before,
*I

invitus
unwilling

admonui
Admonished

vos,
you,

cum
when
(our)

socii
allies

pertimuissent,
crevissent,

opes
provincia

que
and

animi
spirits

hostium
of-the-enemy

were-greatly-alarmed, (when) the powers

haberet
had

non
not

satis
a sufficiently

bad-increased, (when) the province

firmum presidium
itrong

amisissetis

Asiam,
Asia (then),

defence;

you-might-have-lost

Quirites, Romans,

aisi
unless

fortuna
the good fortune

Romani
of-the-Roman

populi
people

divinitus
*had providentially

^ttulisset
l

Cn. Pompeium,
Cn.

id
at- that

ipsum temporis,
same
'

ad
into

brought

Pompey,

time,

eas
those

regiones.
regions.

Adventus
The
arrival

liujus
of-this

et
(man), both

continuit
checked

Mithridatem
Mithridates

inflammatum
flushed

insolita with-unwonted

victoria,
victory

et
and

19

218
retardavit
retarded

ORATIO PRO LEGE MANILIA.

Tigranem
Tigranes

minitantem
threatening

Asi^
Asia,

magma
with -great

copiis.
forces.

Et
And
<*it

quisquam
'will

dubitabit,
'doubt,

quid
what

any-one

perfecturiK

virtue,
(his) 'virtue

he-may-accompl'sh 'by

(and braver y),

qui who

perfecerit
has-accomplished

tantum
so-much

auctoritate

ant
or

quam
how

facile
easily

'by (his) 'authority (and reputation)?

conservaturus
imperio
'by (his)

sit
(our)

socios
allies

'will (not) 'he-preserve

et and

vectigaM,
revenues,

atque
authority)

exereitu,
'by (his) army,

'command (and

and

qui who

defenderit
has-defended
(them)

ipso
by-his-very

nomine ac rumore
name
ilia

and

renown?

16.

Vero

age,
'does (not)

res
thing

declarat
'declare

quantam
how-great

But come,

this

auctoritatem
was)
the authority

ejusdem
of-this-same

hominis apud man among

hostes
the enemies

Romani
of-the-Roman

populi,
people,

quod
(namely,)
that

ex
from

locis
places

tarn
so

longinquis, que tarn diversis,

distant,

and

so

different (in their institutions,

and

far

from

tarn
one another),
'in so

brevi tempore
'short

omnes
all

dediderunt
had-surrendered

a time

se

nuic
esset
there was

uni?
one (man)?

quod

legati

Cretensium,

themselves to this

that the ambassadors of-the-Cretans,

cum
when

in
in

eorum insula noster imperator que

their

island

our

commander
in
unto

and

exercitus,
army,

venerunt
came
terras,
countries

ad
to

Cn. Pompeium,
Cn. Pompey,

prope
nearly

ultimas
ihe-most-distant

que
(of the world),

dixerunt,
said,

and

(that)

omne3
all

civitates
the cities

Cretensium velle
of-the-Cretans

dedere
?
?

se
themfelrei

wished to-surrender

ei ?

Quid

to~him?

iste "What (did) this

idem Mithridates
same

ponne
'did-he

Mithridates (do)

not

misit
send

legatum
an ambassador

ad eundem Cn. Pompeium usque

to

in

the

same

Cn.

Pompey

even

ORATIO PRO LEGE MANILIA.

219

Hispaniam
Spain
?

eum
he

quern

Pompeius
Pompey
'has

semper
always

whom
;

iudicavit
'considered
(as)

legatum

ii,

quibus
to-whom

erat
it-was

semper
alvay*

an ambassador; those,

molestum,
an annoyance,
that
(this

esse
ambassador)
'should-be

potissimum
more especially

missum ad eum,
*sent
to

maluerunt

judicari
to be

him, [Pompey,] would-rather (have him)

thought

speculatorem,
a spy,

quam
than

legatum.
an ambassador.

Potestis You-may

jam
now

igitur,
therefore,

Quirites, Romans,

constituere
determine

quantum
how-much

existimetis you may think

banc
that this

auctoritatem
authority

amplificatum, multis
(and influence)

augmented,

by-many

rebus gestis
exploits

postea,
afterwards
(performed),

que
and

vestris
by-your

magnis
great

(and solemn)

judiciis, judgments

(and opinions expressed in his favour),

valituram esse
will-avail

apud
with

illos those

reges,
kings, (and)

quantum apud
how-much
with

exteras nationes.
foreign
nations.

Est reliquum,
It remains,

ut
that

dicamus
we-may-say

pauca
potest

et

timide,
timidly,

a few (words) and

de
concerning

felicitate,
good-fortune,

quam
which

nemo
no-one

prsestare,
show,

may
own
case), (but

de se ipso,
(or ought to boast of)

of

himself (as being his

which)

possumus
we-may
iicut
is

meminisse
remember

et and

commemorare
commemorate

de
of

altero,
another,

est
it-is

sequum homini
proper

de potestate deorum,
(to speak) of

for-man

the power of-the-gods,

Enim ego
4

sic
thus

existimo
think (and

*nd

their disposal of affairs).

For

am

of

imperia
fpimon), (that)

ssepius

mandata

esse,

atque
ana

commands

'have oftener 'been-confided,

exercitus
rraies

commissos
entrusted

Maximo,
to-Maximus,

Marcello,
to-Marcellus,

Scipioni,
to-Scipio f

220
Mario,
ct

ORATIO PRO LEGE MANILIA.

ceteris
to-other

magnis imperatoribus, non solum

great

to-Marius, and

commanders,

not

onlj

propter
on-aceount-of
(their)

virtutem y
valour

sed etiara
(and military
skill),

but

also

propter
an-account-of (their)

fortunam.
good-fortune.

Enim
For

profecto quibusdnm
indeed

to-some

summis

viris,

quaedam fortuna

very-great men,

divinitus, fuit, a certain good-fortune was, by-the-favour-of-heaven,,

adjuncta ad
added
to (their)

amplitudinem
grandeur

et gloriam, glory, and

;

et and

ad
for

bene
successfully

gerendas
performing

magnas
great

res

autem
but

de
concerning

exploits;

felicitate
the-good-fortune

hujus
of-this

hominis,
man,

de
of

quo whom

nunc
*we-are

now

agimus,
discoursing,

utar
I-will-make-use-of

hac moderatione
that

dicendi,
(in)

moderation

speaking,

non
Hot

ut
that

dicam,
I-may-say,
(that)

fortunam positam esse

fortune

in illius
in

was-plaeed

his

potestate, sed ut
power,

vidcamur

meminisse
ne
come) nor

praeterita,
past-things,

but that we-may-seom to-have-remembered

sperare
(and)
to

rcliqua
for those that)

aut
cither (that)

hope (well

remain

(to

nostra
our

oratio
speech
diis,
gods,

videatur
may-appear

esse

invisa

to be (arrogant, or) displeasing

immortalibus
to-the-immortal

aut
or

ingrata.
ungrateful
(for

what has been done).

Itaque
Therefore

non prredicaturus sum,

'lam not
'going-to- declare,

Quirites, Romans,

quantas
what-great

res
affairs

gesscrit

domi

que milite,
and
;

terra
by-land

que
and

mari,
by-sea,

he-achieved at-home

in war,

que
and

quanta
with-what-great

felicitate

ut
that

semper, non
always,

modo
only

good-fortune;

not

cives
the citizens

assenserint
assented
(to)

ejus
his

voluntatibus,
will,

socii
the
allies

obtemperarint,
yielded
(to

hostes
the enemies

obedierint,
obeyed
(him),

sed etiam
but
also

him),

venti

que tempestates obsecundarint.

weather
favoured
[hiin).

Hoc
This
I-wi!

ihe winds and

ORATIO PRO LEGE MANILIA.

brevissime dicam
rery-briefly

221

anquam
(that)

sny

never

(in

fuisse any place) had (any one been

tarn
fcund)
so

impudentem, qui tacitus

presumptuous,

auderet
might-dare

optare
to-wish-fo*

who
res,

silently

tot,

so-many

et and

tantas
such-great

a
from

immortalibus
the immortal

things,

diis, gods,

quot
as-many

et and

quantas
as-great
(as)

immortales
the immortal

dii detulerunt gods have-granted

ad
to

Cn. Pompeium.
Cn. Pompey.

Quod
Which

ut
that
illi,

sit

proprmm
a peculiar

ac
and

it-may-be

perpetuum
et and

perpetual (favour and privilege) to-him,

Quirites, Romans,

debetis

velle

you-ought to-wish

optare,
to-entreat,

(sicuti facitis),
(as

cum
turn
as

causa

communis
hominis

you-do),

as-well for-the-sake of-the-common

salutis
safety

atque
and

imperii,
of-the-empire,

(for the sake)

of-the-mau

ipsius.
himself.

Quare,
Wherefore,

cum
non
not

et

bellum
the war

sit
13

ita
SO

necessarium,
necessary,

ut
that

when both

possit
it- can

negligi
be-neglected;

ita
so

magnum,
great,
;

Ut
that

sit

administrandum

accuratissime
most carefully;

it-is-to-be-conducted

et and
sit

cum
when

possitis you-can

praeficere ei
place-over
it

imperatorem, in quo in whom a commander,

singularis
virtus,
bravery

eximia
clarissima

there-is the-most-excellent

scientia

belli,

Knowledge of-war,

uncommon

(and talent),

illustrious

auctoritas,
authority,

egregia
(and)

fortuna
good-fortune

dubitabitis,
will-you-doubt,

eminent

Quirites, Romans,

quin
but-that

conferatis
you-may confer
et and

hoc
this

tantum
so-great

boni,
a good,

quod oblatum
which
diis gods
is

est,

datum
given

vobis
to-you

a
by

immortalibua
the immortal

offered,

in
for

conservandum
preserving
?

atque
and

amplificandum
aggrandising

rempublicam
tbe republic?

19*

222
17.

ORATIO PRO LEGE MANILIA.

Quod
Even

si
if

Cn. Pompeius esset

Cn. Poinpey
;

privatus,

hoc

were

a private-person, at thii

tempore Romse
time

tamen
yet

is
lie

diligendus erat ad tantum

cught-to-be-seleeted for
so-great
;

in-Rome;

bellum,
a war,

atque
and

mittendus.
to-be-sent
(to carry it on.)

Nunc
Now;
utilitates,
advantages,

cum
whec
haec
this

ad
to

ceteras
the other

summas
eminent

quoque
also

opportunitas
ipsis
locis,

adjungatur,

ut
that

adsit
he-is-present

in
in

iis

opportune-circumstance may-be-added,

these

ut

habeat exercitum,
he has

ut possit
that

same

countries, that

an army

(with him),

he-can

statim
immediately

accipere
receive

ab
reinforcements

eis,
those,

from

qui habent; have who

quid
(armies there)
,

expectamus,
do-we-wait-for,

aut
or

what
diis gods

non, cur why Mo-we not,

immortalibus
the immortal

ducibus,
(being our)
leaders,

committimus
Commit
cui to-whom

quoque hoc bellum

also
this

regium

eidem,
(person),

war

of-the-kings to-the-same

cetera
salute
advantage

commissa sunt, cum

are committed,

summa

the other (wars in those countries)

with the greatest

reipublicae
to-the republic

?
?

At enim
But indeed
reipublicae,

Q. Catulus clarissimus
Q. Catulus a most-illustrious

vir

aniantissimus
(and) most attached

man

affectus

vestris

amplissimis
prseditus

to-the-republic, (and one) affected (honourably) by-your very- considerable

beneficiis
favours;

que
and

item,
also,

Q. Hortensius
Q. Hortensius
(a

man)

endowe-J

suromis
ingenii,
of talent, (both)

ornamentis honoris,
ornaments
of honour,

fortune, virtutis,
of fortune,

with-the-highest

of virtue, (and)

dissentiunt
dissent

ab
from

hac
this

ratione.
(my)
opinion (of giving the

Ego
command
authority,
to

connteor,
eonfess,
(that)

quorum
their

Pompey).

auctoritatem, multis
on-many

locis,

valuisse

plurimum apud
very-much
witb

occasions, has-prevailed

OBATIO PRO LEGE MANILIA.

voSe
fou,

223

et oportere and ought

valere
to-prevail

;
;

sed in hac causa, tametsi

but
in

this

cause,

although

cognoscitis.
you-know,
(that)

auctoritates
the authority

fortissimorum
of-the-most-brave

and opinions

et clarissiinorum And most-illustrious

virorum
men
(are)

contrarias,
contrary

(and different from

tamen,
one another),

omissis
omitting

autoritatibus,
the authority
(of opinions),

however,

possumus exquirere veritatem,

we-can
inquire-in to

re
by (examining) the
affair

ipsa,
itself,

the truth,
;

et and (by the aid

ratione
of)

reason;

at que and

hoc
this

facilius,

quod
a
by
et and
et

the-more-easily, because

omnia
all

ea,

quae

adhuc
as-yet

dicta stmt
have-been- said

me,
me,

those (things), which

isti

idem
these

concedunt
concede

esse
to-be

vera,
true,

here-same (persons)

(that)

bellum
the war

esse
is

necessarium,
a necessary,

et and

magnum,
a great

(one),

and

(that)

omnia summa
all

esse

in Cn.
Cn.

Pompeio
Pompey

the highest (qualifications) are-to-be (found) in

uno.
only.

Quid
What

igitur

Hortensius
uni,
one
(person),

therefore 'does Hortensius

ait ? say ?

" Si omnia
"If
all

(power)

tribuenda sint
is-to-be-conferred-on

Pompeium
(that)

unum
alone

Pompey
:

esse
is

dignissimum;
the-most-worthy (of
it)
:

sed
but

tamen,
however,
(that)
it-is

non
not

oportere deferri omnia

*proper

ad unum."
(power) to

1st a
(person)."

to-grant

all

one

This

oratio
argument
'has

jam
now

obsolevit,
'becoine-obsolete,

(and has no force),

refutata
having-been-refuted,

multo magis
much
more

re,

quam
than

verbis.
by-words.

Nam
For
and

by-facts,

tu

idem,

Q. Hortensi,
Q. Hortensius,

dixisti
have-said

multa, graviter que

much,
forcibly

you the-same,

ornate,

pro

tua

summa
very-great

copia,
fluency,

ac
and

singulari

eloquently, aocording-to your

uncommon

facultate
talent
(in)

dicendi, et in senatu, contra

speaking, both in
the senate,

fortem

against (that) courageous

224

ORATIO PRO LEGE MANILIA.

is

rirum A. Gabinium, cum

man
constituting

promulgasset legem,
he-had-proposed

de
et and

A. Gabinius,

when

the law, about

;
;

constituendo

uno
one

imperatore
commander

contra
against

prsedones
the-pirates

ex
from

hoc
this

ipso loco, very-same place,

item
*you also

fecisti

verba permulta
much

'spoke

contra
against

earn
that

legem.
law.

Quid

?
?

turn,
then,

per immor tales

by
the immorta/

What now

deos
gods
!

si
if

tua
your

auctoritas
authority

valuisset
had-prevailed

apud Romanum
with
the

Roman
itself,

populum
people

plus,
more,

quam
than

salus

Romani

populi ipsius,
people

the safety of-the-Roman

vera causa,
(and) the true
cause

teneremus
(and interest of the republic),

would- we -possess

hanc
this

gloriam,
glory,

atque
and

hoc
this

imperium
command
tibi to-you

orbis terras
of-the-world?

An
Whether did
x

hoc
this

turn
then

videbatur
'appear

esse
to-be

imperium,
dominion,

cum
when

legati,
the ambassadors,

prsetores
prsetors

que
and

quaestores
questors

Romani
of-the-Roman

populi
people

capiebantur

cum
when
et

prohibebamur
hindered

were-made-captives?

(and cutoff)

commeatu
omnibus provinciis
all

privato,
private,

from-supplies (of provisions) both

?
?

et publico, and public,

ex
from

cum omnia maria

when
all

ita clausa
'closed

the provinces

the seas 'were so

nobis,
to us,

ut
that

possemus
we-could

jam
at-that-time

neque obire privatam,

neither transact
?
private,

neque publicam
nor
public

rem
business

transmarinam
beyond-the-seas?

18. Quae

civitas
city (or state)

What

fuit was there

unquam
ever

antea,
heretofore, I-do

non
not

dico
say

Atheniensium,
of-the-Athenians,

quae who

dicitur
it-is-said

quondam
formerly

tenuisse
held

satis
a sufficiently

late
extensive

mare,
(command
of) the sea,

non
not

Carthaginiensium,
f- the

Carthaginians,

qui who

valuerunt
prevailed

permultum,
very-much.

OKATIO PRO LEGE MANILIA.

classe,
with (their) 'fleet,

225
Rhodiorum,
of-the-Rhodiaus,

que maritimis rebus, non

and*
maritime
affairs,

not

quorum navalis
whose
naval

disciplina,
discipline,

remansit, gloria et and naval renown has-remained,

quae
:

usque ad nostram memoriam:

*ven
to

civitas
stato

our

memory
antea,
heretofore,

(and time)

what

unquam
(was there)
ever

tarn tenuis,
so
feeble,

qua3 insula
(and) what
island

tam parva, quae

so

non defenderet suos portus,

'defend
its

small,

which 'could not

harbours,

et and

agros,
fields,

et and

aliquam
some

partem
portion
?
*of (its)

regionis,
'territory,

atque
and

maritimae orae per se ipsa

maritime
coast

At
?

Hercle, aliquot
ille
that

by

itself

(alone)

But by-Hercules, for-some

continuos annos, ante Gabiniam legem,

successive
years,

Romanus~
Roman
(as)

before

the Gabinian

law,

populus,
people,

cujus
whose

nomen
name
(and renown)

permanserat
has-remained

invictum
unconquered

in
in

navalibus
naval

pugnis,
battles,

usque
even

ad
to

(within)

nostram memoriam,
our

caruit
have-felt-as-if-deprived-of

magna,
a great,

memory,

ac
and
(of)

multo maxima parte, non modo

much
the greatest
part,

utilitatis,
of-what-is-useful,

not

only

sed
[namely, the revenues,] but

dignitatis
*of (their) 'dignity

atque
and

imperii
,

'of (their) 'empire

nos,
we,

quorum majores
whose
ancestors

classe
'by (their) 'fleet

superarunt regem
conquered
king

Antiochum
Antiochus

que
and

Persen,
Perses,

que
and

omnibus
in-all

navalibus
nava?

pugnis
engagements

vicerunt
defeated

Carthaginienses,
the Carthagenians,

homines
men
well-provided

exercitatissimos in maritimis rebus, que paratissimos,

most-skilled
in

maritime
ii

affairs,

and

poteramus,
(the same)

in
in

(with every thing relating thereto),

we

could,
;
j

nullo
o

loco,
place,

e*3se

jam pares praedonibus

now
equal
to-the-pirates

nos,
we,

qui
n*h

be

226
antea
heretofore

0RATI0 PRO LEGE MANILIA.

non modo habebamus Italiam tutam,

not

sed
bu

only

kept

Italy

safe,

poteramus prsestare omnes

we-could

socios, in
allies,

ultimis
the-most-distant
;

show

all

(our)

in

oris,
coasts,

salvos
to-be-safe

autoritate
by-the-authority

nostri
of-our

imperii
empire;

turn,
then,

cum
when
in
in

insula
the island

Delos,
of-Belos,

tarn
so

procul
far- distant

a
from

nobis,
us,

posita
situated

JEgeo
the JEgean

mari,
sea,

quo
in-which

omnes
all

commeabant
(merchants)

assembled

cum
with

mercibus
the gains (of their

at que oneribus, the freights (of their ships), commerce), and

parva
(though)

sine

muro,
walls, (and)

referta
filled

divitiis,
with-riches, (yet)

small (and) without

timebat
it-feared

nihil;
nothing
,

iidem
(but)

carebamus
are-deprived-of

non modo
not
only

even-we

provinciis,
(the intercourse)

atque
and

maritimis
the sea

oris
coasts

with-the-provinces,

Xtalise,
of-Italy,

ac
and

nostris
our

portubus,
harbours,

sed
but

etiam
also

jam
now
(even)

Apia
from-the-Apian

via;
road
;

et and

his
in-these

temporibus,
times,

magistratus
a magistrate

Romani
ipsum
very-same

populi
l

non.pudebat ascendere in hunc

was not
x

of-the-Roman people

ashamed

to-come-up

into

this

locum,
place,

cum
[the rostra,]

vestri
your

majores
ancestors

when
with

reliquissent
had-bequeathed

eum
it

vobis ornatum
to

nauticis exuviis,
naval
trophies,

you

adorned

(against the pirates, on Pompey). et Spollis classium. and the spoils of fleets, (and address you against conferring the command.

19.

Romanus
The Roman
te you

populus,
people,

Q. Hortensi,
Q. Hortensius,

existimavit,
considered,

et
and

ceteros,
the others,

that

qui erant in who were of

eadem
the

sentential,
opinion,

same

dicere
spoke

bono ea, quae sentiebatis, you-thought, with-a-good (and that, which

animo
sincere)

mind;

Bed tamen idem

hut

Romanus
Roman

populus, in
people,
in (an affair

however the same

concerning)

0RATI0 PRO LEGE MANILIA.

227
dolori,
painful-feelings

communi
the

salute, maluit
safety,

obtemperare
to-obey

suo
Dwn

common

preferred

their

quam
(of fear

vestrae auctoritati.
authority.

Itaque
Therefore

and shame),

than (to yield) to-your

una
one

lex,
law,

unus
one

vir,

unus
miseria
misery

annus,
year,

non
not

modd
only
;

man, [Pompey,] one

ilia from-that

liberavit
delivered

nos,
us,

ac
and

turpitudine
infamy;

sed
but

etiam
also

effeeit, ut caused, that

aliquando
once
(again)

videremur
we-might-appear

omnibus
to-all

gentibus
people

ac
and

nationibus,
nations,

vere
really

imperare
to-command

terra
by-land

que
and

mari.
by-sea.

Quo
For which
*it

etiam
also

videtur
'appears

mihi
to-me

indignius
more-unworthy

obtrectatum esse

adhuc,
(id
?

dicam

Gabinio
verius),
more-likely),

that-opposition-should-have-been-made hitherto,

shall-I-say to Gabinius

anne Pompeio, an
or

to-Pompey,

or

utrinque ? to-both-of-them

quod
which

est
is

(that

ne A. Gabinius
lest

legaretur,
might-be-chosen-a-lieutenant (of Pompey), (though)

A. Gabinius

Cn. Pompeii,
Cn.
ille,
he,

expetenti ac postulanti.
desiring

Utrum
Whether
est
it-is

Pompey

(himself),

and

requesting

(it).

qui postulat who requests

proper,

legatum
a lieutenant

ad tan turn bellum,

for

so-great

a war,
velit,
he-wishes,

non idoneus,
not
(that)

qui
he

impetret
should-obtain

quern

cum
when

whom

ceteri other (commanders)

socios,
the allies,

eduxerint
have-taken-out (with them)

ad expilandos
to

pillage

que
and

diripiendas
plunder

provincias,
ipse,
he,

legatos,

the provinces, the lieutenants,

quos whom
law

voluerunt;
fchdYdesired
;

an
whether

debet
ought

cujus lege
[Gabinius,]

*by whose

Balus
eafety

ac
and

dignitas
dignity

constituta est,
has-been-placed
(on a sure basis),

Romano
for-the-Roinan

populo,
people,

atque
and

omnibus
for-all

gentibus
nations
is

esse
to-be

expers
(prevented from participating
in,

glorise
of-the-renown

and) (te)

deprived

228
imperatoris,

ORATIO PRO LEGE MANILIA.

atque
and

ejus
of-his

exercitus,
army,

qui
which

of the-commander,

constitutes est
was-constituted

ipsius
'by
his

consilio
Counsel

atque
and

(and appointed)

periculo

An
Whether

C. Falcidius, Q. Metellus, Q. Caeliua

C. Falcidius,

*at (bis) risk?

Q. Metellus,

Q. Caelius

Latiniensis,
Latiniensis,

Cn. Lentulus,
Cn. Lentulus,

omnes
all

quos whom

nomino,
I-mentioon

causa;
for-the-cause

honoris,
of-honour, [out of respect,]

cum

fuissent tribuni when they-had-been tribunes

plebis,
of-the-people, in the

proximo anno,
next
;

potuerunt
could

year (after their tribuneship),

esse
be

legati

in
in (opposition to)

hoc
this

Gabinio uno,
Gabinius
alone,

sunt
ar6

lieutenants;

tarn
(people)
so

diligentes,
active,

qui who

deberet
ought

pr^cipuo
by -an especial

jure
right

esse etiam, in hoc bello,

to-be
also,

quod

geritur

Gabinia,

in

this

war,

which is-carried-on by-the-Gabinian

lege,

in

hoc imperatore,
this

atque
also

exercitu,
in (this)

law, (and) under

commander, [Pompey,]

army,

quern
which

constituit
he-constituted

per
through

vos ipse

?
?

de
about

yourselves (by your suffrages)

legando
Appointing

quo,

spero consules relaturos

'a-lieutenant, I-hope

ad
(it)

whom

the consuls

will-refer

to

senatum.
the senate (for their favourable action).

Qui Who

si
if

dubitabunt,
they-should-hesitate,

aut gravabuntur, ego

or
be- reluctant,

memet
myself

profiteor
declare
(that)

relaturum:
I-will-refei

neque
(the matter to them)
;

inimicum
'shall

edictum
edict

neither

the inimical

cujusquam,
of-any-one
(of the consuls),

Quirites, Romans,

impediet me,
'hinder

quo
that not

me,

minus,
the
less,

fretus
relying

vobis,
on-you,

defendam
I-should-defend

vestrum
your

jus
right

que beneficium
and
favour
(conferred)
;

neque
neither

audiam
will-I-listen (to)

quidquam,
any-thing,

praeter
axcept

intercessionem
the interposition
[veto] (of the tribunes)
;

de
concerning

0RATI0 PRO LEGE MANILIA.

qui quli (ut arbitror), isti ipsi, I-think), which (as these same (persons) who
again

229

minantur,
threaten (opposition),

etiam atque etiam considerabunt, quid

will

and

again

Consider,

what

liceat. may-be-allowed

Quidem
^to

me&
in-my

sententia,
opinion,

them

to do).

Indeed

Quirites, Romans,

Al,

Gabinius

unus
alone

adscribitur,
is-to-be-enrolled, (as)

socius
an associate
(in sub-

A, Gabinius

Cn. Pompeio
ordinate

maritimi
(in) the

belli,
war,

que
and

command)

for Cn.

Pompey

maritime

lerum gestarum;
the exploits
(thereof);

propterea quod
because
that

alter
the one [Gabinius]

detulit
gi*ve

id
that

bellum
war

suscipiendum
to-be-undertaken

vestris
by-your

suffragiis
suffrages

uni
confecit.
finished
(it).

alter

delatum,

que susceptum,
undertaken,

to-one (man), [Pompey;] the other having-received, and

20. Reliquum est,

It remains,

ut
as

videatur
it-appears,

(that something)

dicendum

esse,

de
concerning

auctoritate
the authority

is-to-be-said,

et and
si
if

sententia
opinion

Q. Catuli; qui
of Q. Catuli;

cum
in

qusereret ex vobis,
he-inquired
of

poneretis
you-place

who when

you,

omnia
all

Cn. Pompeio
Cn.

uno,
alone,

si
if

quid
any-thing

(your trust)

in

Pompey

factum esset de
should-happen

eo, in
in

him,

quo essetis habituri spem whom would-you-place (your) trust;

fructum
reward

cepit
l

magnum
a great

suae
for-his

virtatis
virtue

he [Catulus]

'received

ac
and

dignitatis,
dignity,

cum
when
" you

omnes,
*you
all,

prope
nearly

una
with-ono

voce,
voice,

dixistis,
*said,

"vos habituros
(that

esse
(your)

spem
hope
sit
is

in
in

ipso."
himself."

would-place

Etenim
For

est talis
'he [Catulus]
x

is

such

vir, a man,

ut
ille

nulla
no

res
thing

that there

tanta
so-great

ac
and

tarn
so

diffieilis,
difficult,

quam
that

possit
can

non
not

et
botfe

20

23C
regere
direct
(it)

OKATIO PRO LEGE MANILIA.

consilio,
'by (bis) 'counsel,

et and

tueri
defend
(it)

integritate,
'by (his)
integrity,

et conficere and accomplish

virtute.
(it)

Sed
But
eo,
him,

in
in

hoc ipso
this

'by (his)

'valour.

same

(case)

vehementissime dissentio
*I

ab
from

quod,
vita
the
life

quo

most-vehemently

'differ

because, by -how- much

minus
less

certa,
certain,

ac minus diuterna, est

and
less

hominum,
of man,

lasting,

is

hoc
by-so-much

magis,
the more,

respublica
the republic

debet

frui

vitS
life

ought to-make-use-of the

atque virtute
and
talents

summi
of-an-illustrious

hominis,
man,

dum

licet

per
by
nihil

while it-is-allowed

immortales deos.
the immortal

At enim
(to

gods

do

so).

But indeed (you may say)

'let

nothing

novi
new

fiat
'be-done

contra
contrary to

exempla
the examples

atque
and
loco,

instituta
practices

majorum.
W-our-'aneestors.

Non
'I-will not

dieo
'say

hoc
in-this

nostros
our

place, (that)

majores in pace semper paruisse consuetudini,

ancestors
in

peace

always

conformed

to usage,

(and],

in
in

bello war

utilitati,
to-utility

semper
(and expediency),
(that)

'they always

accommodasse
''accommodated

rationes
plans
(resulting from their)

novorum
new

consiliorum,
deliberation,

ad
to

novos
new

casus
bella,

temporum
,

non
'I-will not

emergencies of-the-times

dicam,
et anl

duo maxima
very-great

Punicum
ab uno
(successfully),

'mention, (that) two

wars, the (third) Punic (with Carthage)

Hispaniense
the Spanish

esse confecta,
were-carried-through

by

one

imperatore,
commander,
[the

duas
younger
Scipio,] (that)

potentissima
most-powerful

two

urbes,
cities,

Carthaginem atque Numantiam, quae maxime

Carthage

and

Numantia,

which very-much

minitabantur huic
threatened
this (our)

imperio, esse deletas, ab. eodera

empire,

were

destroyed,

by the sam

Scipione;
geipio;

non
*I-mU not

commemorabo,
'remind-you,
(that)

nuper
some-short-tims-siuoi

ORATIO PRO LEGE MANILIA.

visum esse
it-seemed

231
patribus,
fathers,

ita

vobis que vestris

and
to-your

ut
that

equally proper to-you

spes ut
that

imperii

poneretur
should -be-placed

in C.
in
C.

Mario
Marius

uno,
alone, (so)

Ihe hopes of-the-empire

idem
the

admimstraret bellum cum Jugurtha,

the

same [Marius] should-conduct

war

with

Jugurtha,

idem
the

cum

Cimbris,
ipso
same

idem
same

cum Teutonis
with

same (person) with

the Cinibri, (and) the

the Teutonic

^recordammi in
Recollect

Cn. Pompeio,
Cn. Poinpey,

in
as-respecta

in (the case of) this

quo
whom
many

Q. Catulus
Q. Catulus

vult
wishes

nihil
nothing

novi
new

constitui,
to-be-adopted,

quam
how

multa nova
new

sint

constituta

(things) may-there have-been-adopted (in Poinpey's favour)

summa
21.

voluntate Q. Catuli.
of Q. Catulus.

with-the-highest approbation

Enim
For

quid
what (was)

tarn
so

novum,
new,
(as)

quam privatum
that

a private
difficile
in-a-critical

adolescentulum
young-man

conficere
should-levy

exercitum
an army

tempore
time

republics?
of-the-republic
?

confecit;
he-did-levy
(it)
;

praeesse
to

huie?
it?

command

prsefuit he-did-command

gerere
(it)
;

rem

opitime

(and)

to-

carry-through the

affair most-successfully,

suo

ductu

gessit.
he-did carry
it

by-his-own guidance, (and in person)?

through (success-

Quid
fully).

tarn prseter consuetudinem,

(can be)
so

quam
than
(for)

What

contrary

to-usage,

imperium
command
liomini, man,

atque
and

exercitum
an army

dari
to-be-given

peradolescenti
to-a-very-young

cujus
whose

setas
age
Svas

longe
far

abesset
'distant

senatorio

from the senatorial

gradu
degree
?

Siciliam, atque
?]

[from the age required for a senator

Ho-have

Sicily,

and

Africam,
Africa
*to

permitti

que administrandum bellum

to carry

be confided (to him), and

on

the war

in
in

ea?
them?

Fuit
He-was

in
in

his
these

provinciis
provinces
(distinguished^

232

ORATIO PRO LEGE MANILIA.

innocentifi,
honesty,

*by (his)

singulari 'uncommon

gravitate,
dignity,

virtute
(and)

valour^

confecit

maximum bellum
war

in Africa,
in

deportavit,
brought-backj

he-terminated a-very-great

Africa, (and)

vietorem exercituin.
(his) victorious

Quid vero
What
indeed

tarn
so

inauditum,
unheard-of,

army.

quam Romanorum equitem

as-that

triumphare?
should-have-a-triumph-granted

Roman
earn
this

knight

At
(to

rem quoque Romanus populus, non

thing
also

him)

But

the

Roman

people,

not

modo
only

vidit,
saw,

sed etiam putavit

but
also

visendam,

thought (that) it-ought-tc-oe-seen,

et and

celebrandam
celebrated

omni
with-all

studio.
zeal.

Quid
"What

tarn
so

inusitatum,
unusual,

quam
than

ut,
that,

cum
when

essent
there were

duo
two

clarissimi
most-illustrious

que
and

fortissi
most- brave

consules,
consuls,
(that)

Romanus
a

eques
knight

mitteretur
should-be-sent

Roman

ad
to

maximum,
(carry on)

que
and
est.

formidolosissimum bellum
most-dangerous

a very-great,
?

war

pro consule
for

Missus

Quo
At which

tempore quidem,
time
indeed,

the consul?

(Yet) he-was-sent.

cum
when

esset

nonnemo
an individual

in
in

senatu,
the senate,

there- was

qui who

diceret,
said,

(that)

privatum hominem oportere non

a private

mitti
to-be-sent

pro consule
for

man
dicitur
;

ought

not

the consul

L. Philippus dixisse,
L. Philippus
said (on the occasion),

[as proconsul] it-is-said; (that)

"sua
(that)

sententia
opinion

se

non mittere ilium pro

'send

"in-his

he 'would not

him

for

consule, sed pro

the consul,

consulibus."

Tanta
So-great

spes
*was the hope

but

for (both) the consuls/'

constituebatur
*placed

in
in

eo
him

bene
'of well

gerendss
'conducting (the
affairs of)

reipublicae, ut
the republic,

munus duorum consulum committeretur

consuls

that the office of-the-two

might-be-entrusted

virtui

unius

adolescentis.
young-man.

Quid
What
(is

to-the-valour (and talents) of-one

there]

0RATI0 PRO LEGE MAXILIA.

tarn
bo

233

singularls.
extraordinary]

quam
as

at,
that,

ex
by

Benatnconsulto9
a deeree-of-the
-

solutus
being-free

legibus,
\

fieret
fixing the age for holding office

laws

consul, ante
consul,

quam
that

licuisser.
ifc-was-allowed,
?

per
by

leges.
the- laws, (for

capere
him) to-hold

before

ullura sny

alium
lit

magistratnm
magistracy
I

Quid
What
Pi

tam
so

incredibile,
inert

quam
as

iterum,
a-s

om anus
Roman

eques
ex
by

triumpharet.
should hav e-the- honon

imph-awarded-to-1

senatuseonsulro
constituta sunt,

quae
whatc

nova
lc-v
[or

a-decree-of-the-senate?

unusual precedent)

in

omnibus
the Base ,:)

homimbus, post
men,
since

aU

(other)

memoriam
the

hominum,
ill

ea
these

sunt
are

non
not

tam
so

mult a,

m^
haec,

quam
as

quae vidimus in hoc uno homine.

ire-see
in

this

one

man.

"Pompey.]

Atque
And
go

haec
ise

tot so-numerous

exempla.
in
in

tanta

ac

examples (of dispensation), so-great and

tam nova, profecta sunt

novel,

eundem hominem
favour
:f

have-originated

this-same

man
a
[hat)

a
[PoiL[r7"_ from

auctoritate
iheaui^iri^v

Q. Catuli,
of Q. Catuli,

atque
and

ceterorum
of other

amplissimorum
illustrious

hominum
men

ejusdera
Df-the-sama

dignitatis.
dignity.

22.

Quare
ferendum.

videant,

ne
Lest

sit

periniquam. et
rery-unjnst^

Wherefore Let-them-see-to-i^

it-may-be

and

non
c.
; ;

iilorum auctoritatem,
:

:'l~:t

&u:^-::i:y

az

:i

rinion),

de

dignitate

Cn. Pompeii.
of Cn.

respecting the dignity (and elevation;

Pompey,
vo.is.
yon,
/.ha*')

'-^J,'

semper
"has

comprobatam
'been-i

esse

vestrum
your

proved-of

20*

oritmtett

Romani

populi

propter**
delegis

iv.

..-..
i

.:.:.

*b<
.

islas
t ......

vos

ilium

u
Si

pn-vpotuuv
voa

ttis

boc tamer*,

et

Utile

WW

?6G

vos tuiu
I
i |

5J

it"

in

repi

08,

:v

ipsos

ti

urn;

ado
tar,

i>ri

principes
sibi,

et

et

ceteris,

pare lulum esse

wactori

populi
bello,
et

Atque

in

h
:

.s
:

virtus, qu:v
:.;'..-..:.

est
is

sin^ularis
eminent

ii

..;.

...

........

.v

V:-.:/:i

ORATIO PRO LEGE MANILLA.

Cn. Pompeio,
On.

235
alias other

sod
required)!

quoque
also

Pompey

(Lb

but

multae many

et and

naagnae
great

virtutes
virtue.-

animi

requiruntur.
are-reqnired

Est
It-U

(and qualities) of-the-mind

difficile,
diOicuJ
tj

vcstrum
(that)

imperatorem
commander
l

ita
be

versari,
'employed,

in
in

your

Asia,
Asia,

Cilicia,
Cilicia,

Syria,
Syria,

que

interiorum regnifl and in-the-kingdoms of-tbe-interiof

aliud,
else,

nationum, ut
nations,

COgitet

nihil

quam
than
si
if

de
concerning

that be-may-tbink-of nothing

hoste,
the enemy,

ac
qui who

de

laude.

Deinde etiam,
Then,
also,

sunt
there-ars

and concerning renown,

moderatiores
(are)

pudore
By-shame

ac
and

(those)

more-held in-restraint

temperantia,
Ihe-control-of-tbemselres,

tamen nemo arbitratur

yet

cos
they

no-one

thinks

(that;

esse tales,
are

propter

multitudem eupidorum
the multitude

such, on-aecount-of

of-covetous (and rapaeious)

bominum.
men.

Est
It-is

difficile
difficult

dictu,
to-gay,

Quirites, in Romans, in

quanto
irbat-great

odio
hatred

simus
(and unpopularity)
ire-are

apud
among
li

exteras
foreign

nationes,
nation.-,

propter

injurias ac

hi dines

eorurn,
of-tlio.se,

quofl

on-account-of the injuries and (wieked) licentiousness

whom

missimus ad eas,
we-have-sent
to

per hos
putatis,
in

annos cum
with
illia

irnperio.

those (nations; during these (late) years

command,

Enim
For

quod
what

fanum
temple

terns

do-you-think, in

those countries, (has-been)

religiosum
religiously-sacred (in the eyes of)

nostris magistratibus,
our
magistrates,

quam
what

civitatem
city

sanctam,
(has been held)
saered,

quam
what
?

domain
(private)

house

fuisse
bas-been

satis
sufficiently

clausam ac munitam
shut

locupletes
rich

ac
and

and

fortified?

copiosse
opulent

urhes
cities
l

jam
are

requiruntur,
l

quihus
against which (some)

now

sought-for,

causa

belli

inferatur,

propter

cupiditatem
the desirtj

eu&se (01 pretext) of war

inay-be-alleged, on-account-of

236
deripiendi.

ORATIO PRO LEGE MANILIA.

Libenter disputarem haec
'I-would willingly

of plundering (them),

Miscuss

these (things)

coram, cum Q. Catulo et

publicly,

Q. Hortensio,
Q. Hortensius,

with

Q. Catulus

and

summis et most eminent and

illustrious

clarissimis viris ; men;

enim
for

noverunt

vulnera sociorum

they-have-known the wounds

of- the allies,-

vident eorum calamitates; audiunt

they-see
their

querimonias.
complaints.

calamities

they-hear (their)

Putatis
Do-you-think
(that)

vos mittere exercitum contra

you
send

an -army

against

the

hostes enemy

pro
for (the protection of

sociis, simulatione an your) allies, or-rather under-the-pretence (of act-

hostium,
ing against)

contra
(really to act)

socios
allies

atque
and

enemies,

against

amicos
friends
?

quae
what

civitas
city
is

est
there

in
in

Asia-,
Asia,

quae
which

possit
can

capere
comprehend
(or satisfy) (the

animos,
greedy) mind,

ac
and

spiritus,
(rapacious)
spirit,

non modo
not
only

imperatoris,
of-a-commander,

aut
or

legati,
of a-legate,

sed

unius

but (even) of-a-singla

tribuni
tribune

militum

?
?

of-the-soldiers

23. Quare,
Wherefore,

etiam
also

si
if

habetis
you-have

quern, qui,

signis

any-one, who, the standards

collatis, being collected,

[the battle having

commenced]
;

videatur may seem

nisi
unless

posse
to-be-able

superare
qui who qui who

regios

exercitus
armies
j

tamen
however,

erit
he-be

idem,
one,

to-overcome the royal

possit
can

cohibere
restrain

se
himself

a
from

pecuniis the money

and

sociorum,
of-the-allies,

manus,
(can restrain) (his)

oculos.
(his)

animum,
(his)

hands,

eyes,

mind,

ab
(and desires)

eorum
their

conjugibus
wives

ac
and

liberis,
children,

from

qui who

ab
'can restrain them)

ornamentis
the ornaments

fanorum,,
of-the temples,

atque
and

from

oppidorum, qui
of-the-towns,

ab auro que regia

(likewise can keep them) from the gold,

who

and

royal

OR ATI

PRO LEGE MANILIA.

erit
'be

237
mittatur
may-be-sent

non
treasures;
'he-will

idoneus,
a-proper-person,

not

qui who

ad
to

Asiaticum que regium bellum.

the Asiatic

Putatis,
Do-you

ecquam
any
?

and

royal

war.

think, (that)

civitatem
city

pacatam
esse
is

fuisse,
'

quae
which

sit

locuples
rich
?

has-been-subdued,

may-be

(or

ecquam
any
(city, that)

locupletem,
rich,

quae
which
*

videatur
may-seem
ora,
coast,

istia
to-these

pacata esse
(commanders)

Maritima
The sea

to-be-subdued?

Quirites, Romans,

requisivit
requested

Cn. Pompeium,
Cn. Pompey,

non
not

solum
only

propter
on-account-of

gloriam
the

militaris
'of (his) 'military

rei ?
exploits,

sed
but

etiam
also

propter
on-account-of

renown

continentiam
the moderation

animi.

Enim,
For, (the people inhabiting the sea

'of (his) 'mind.

videbat,
coast)

Romanum populum
Roman
publica
by-the-public

non
'were not

locupletari
'made-richer

saw, (that) the

people

quotannis,
from-y ear-to-year,

pecuniS,
money,

prseter
except

paucos;
a few
;

nos
(and that)
'we

neque
neither

assequi
'attained

quidquam
any-thing

aliud,
else,

nomine
by-the-name

classium,
'of (our) 'fleets,

nisi
unless

ut,
that,

detriments
injuries (and losses)

accipiendis,
being-sustained,

videremur
we-might-seem

affici
to-be-affected

majore
with greater

turpitudine.
disgrace.

Nunc,
Now,

qu&
with-what

cupiditate,
cupidity
(to obtain

money),

quibus
with-what

jacturis,
bribery,

quibus
(made
to influential persons),

with-what

conditionibus,
engagements,
(entered into for the obtaining command),

homines
men
in
to

profisciscantur
go

provincias,
the provinces,

isti
are-these-here

ignorant
ignorant-of

videlicet,
forsooth,

qui who
on

non
'do not

arbitrantur
'think
(that)

omnia
all

(command)

Referenda esse ad
te-to-be- conferred

unum ? Quasi
one?

vero,

videamus
Ve-might (not) 'perceive

As

if-indeed,

238
Cn.

ORATIO PRO LEGE MANILIA.

Pompemm
Pompey
also

esse
to-be

magnum,
great,

cum
Quare

suis

virtutibus,
virtues,

Cn.

as-well by-his-ow&

rum etiam
as

vitiis alienis. by-the-vices (of) others.

nolite dubitare,
doubt,

Wherefore do-not

quin
tot
ec

credatis

omnia
all

nuie
to-this

uni,

but-that you-may-entrust

qui, one (man), who,

inter
foi

annos,
years,

unus
'has alone

inventus
x

sit,

quern

socii
the allies

many

been-found,

whom

gaudeant
rejoice
(to see)

venisse
come

in
into

suas
their

urbes
towns

cum
with

exercitu.
an army.

Quod
But

si,
if,

Quirites, Romans,

putatis
you-think

banc causam
this

cause, (of giving the sole

confirmandam
command
you-have
to

auctoritatibus
by authorities

Pompey),

ought-to-be-confirmed

vobis est
(as)

auctor,
adviser-of-the-measure,

P. ^Servilius,
P. Servilius,

vir
a

man

peritissimus
most-experienced

omnium
(in)
all

bellorum,
the wars,

que
and
(in)

maximarum
the greatest

rerum
affairs:

cujus
whose

res gestae
exploits

tantae,
so-great,

terra
by-land

que
and

mari,
sea,

exstiterunt,
have-excelled
(so

ut,

cum
when

deliberetis

de

bello,
war,

much),

that,

you-deliberate concerning

nemo
no-one

debeat
ought

esse
to-be

vobis
(considered) by-you
(as)

gravior
a-more-weighty

auctor:
adviser-in-this-measure
:

est
there
is

C. Curio
C.

prgeditus
endowed
et and

vestris
with your

Curio

summis
highest

beneficiis,
favours,

summo

ingenio
est
there-is

prudentia,
prudence,

with-the-greatest talent

que
in
hi

gestis

maximis rebus

Cn. Lentulus,
Cn. Lentulus,

and having-performed the greatest

exploits;

quo, whom,

omnes
l

cognovistis,
*

pro
by-reason-of

vestris
your

you

all

have-known,

amplissimis
most ample

honoribus,
honours,

esse
there
is

summum
the greatest

(wisdom of)

consilium,
eounsel,

summam

gravitatem
weight
(of character)
;

est
there
Is

(and) the greatest

C. Cassius,
C. Cassius,

integritate, virtute,
(distinguished by hie)
integrity,
virtue,

(and)

OKATIO PRO LEGE MANILIA.

239

Quare videte, Bingulari constantia. (then), see constancy (and perseverance). Wherefore uncommon

num videamur
whether we-appear

posse
to-be-able

respondere
to-reply

orationi
to-the-speech

illorum,
of-those,

auctoritatibus horum. qui dissentiunt, who dissent-from (us), by-the-authorities of-these (men mentions 1).

24

Quae
things

cum
when

sint
they-are

ita,
so,

C. Manili,
et
both

primum
istam tuam
this

Which

C. Manili, in-the-first-place,

laudo, que vehementissime

I praise,

comprobo
approve

and
et and

most-vehemeutly

you?

legem,
law,

voluntatem,
the purpose

(intended by

it),

et and
te, you,

sententiam
the opinion

deinde hortor
(respecting the

ut,

Romano
Romat
in

commander)

next

I-exhort

that, the

populo auctore,
people

maneas
pertimescas
you-may-fear

approving (and abetting), you-may-remain (steadfast) in (your)

sententia,,
opinion,

neve
nor (that)

vim,
the violence,

aut minas
or

threats

cujusquam.
of-any-one.

Primum,
In-the-first-place,

arbitror,
I-believe,
(that)

esse
there
is

satis enough

perseverantioe
of-perseverance

animi
of-mind

in
in

te ; you;

deinde
next,

cum videamus
when
we-see

tantam multitudinem
so-great

adesse,

cum
videmus
*see

tanto studio,
so- great

a multitude

assembled-here-present, with

zeal

quantam
(for the cause),

nunc
'we

iterum
a second time

as-much-as

now

in

prseficiendo

eodem
the-same

homine
man;
[Pompey;]

(displayed) in appointing- to -command

quid
what
is

est,
there,

quod
that

dubitemus,
we- may-doubt,

aut
either

de
concerning

re
the affaif

aut
or

de
of

facultate
the power
(of)

perficiendo.
accomplishing
it.

Autem
But
laboris,
of-industry,

ego,
I,

quidquid est in
whatever
is

me
me

studii,
of-zeal,

consilii,
of-counsel,

ingenii,
of- talent,

in

quidquid
whatever

possum
I-am-able-to-do

hoc
by-this

beneficio
kindness

Romani
of-the-Roman

populi,
people
(in

atque
bestowing
office

hac
by-this

praetoriS
prcetom*

on me),

and

; ,

240
potentate,
power,
(1

0RATI0 PRO LEGE MANILIA.

quidquid
am
possessed of),

whatever

(I

am

able to do]

auctoritate, fide, constantia

*by (my) 'authority,
credit,

constancy, (and perseverance in the cause)

polliceor
I-promise

ac
and

defero
offer

omne
all

id
this, (both)

tibi
to-you [Manilius]

et and

Romano
io-the-Roman

populo,
people,

ad
for

conficiendam
the accomplishing

hanc
this

rem.
affair.

Que
And

testor

omnes
all

I-call-to-witness

et eos maxime, qui the-gods, and those most-especially, who

deos,

president
preside

huic
over-this

loco
place

que
and

templo,
temple, (and)

qui who

maxime
especially

perspiciunt
see-into

mentes
the minds

omnium eorum,
of-all

those,

qui who

adeunt ad
go
to

Rempublicam,
the Republic, [who apply themselves to public

meneque
affairs,] (that)

neither

facere

hoc
this

rogatu
at-the-request

cujusquam,
of-any-one,

neque
nor

quo
because

nm

doing

putem
I-may-thik,

per
by

hanc
this

causam
cause,

conciliari
to-conciliate

gratiam
the favour

Cn. Pompeii
of Cn.

mihi,
for-me,

neque
nor

quo
because

quseram
I-may-yeek

ex
from

Pompey

amplitudine
the dignity
(or elevated rank)

cujusquam,
of-any-one,

aut
either

praesidia
protection

mihi
for-myself

periculis,
ip-dangers,

aut adjumenta
or

honoribus
honours;

aids

(in acquiring)

propterea
therefore

quod,
that,

tecti
shielded

innocentia,
by innocence,

facile
'we-will easily

repellemus pericula, ut
'repel

oportet
it-becomes

hominem
a

praestare;
to-do
;

dangers,

as

man

autem
but

consequemur
w^-will-obtain

honores, neque
honours,
neither
ilia,

ab
from

uno,
one (person),

aeque
jor

ex
from

hoc
this

loco,
place,

sed
but
vitae,
of-life

nostril
our

eadem
same

by-that

iaboriosissima
most-laborious
si
tf

ratione
course

(we have heretofore pursued),

TTft*tra

voluntas feret.
fkind)

Quamobrem,
Wherefore,

yo?

wishes

sustain (and favour me).

ORATIO PRO LEGE MANILLA.

quidquid
whatever

241
mihi,
(by) ine,

susceptum est, has-been-undertaken,

confirmo
I-assure
(you, that)

in
in

hac
this

causfi, cause

Quirites, O Romans,
causfi,
for -tbe-cause

me
I

suscepisse
undertook

id
it

omne
all,

reipublicae;

que tantum
aliquam
any

abest,

(and interest) of-the-republic ; and so-much is-it-therefrom,

ut
that

videar
I-may-seem

qusesisse
to-have-sought

mihi
for-myself

bonam
good

gratiarn,
offices

ut,
that,

etiam
*I also

intelligam,
Understand,
(that)

(cr favours of others),

suscepisse
I-have-become

multas many
(enmities)

simultates
enmities

partim
partly

obscuras,
hidden,

partim apertas,
partly

non neeessarias
not

open,

necessary

(to

be incurred by)

mihi,

non

inutiles
without-use

vobis.
to-you.

Sed ego
But
T

statui,
determined, (that)

me, (but) not

oportere
it

me
me

prseditum
invested

hoc
with-this

honore,
honour
(of the praetorship),

behoved

affectum, Quirites,
(and)
affected,

vestris
by-your

Romans,

tantis so-many

beneficiis,
favours,
(that)

vestram
your

voluntatem,
will,

et and

dignitatem
the dignity

reipublicae,
of-the-republic,

et and

salutem provinciarum atque sociorum,

the safety

praeferre

of-the-provinces

and

of-the-allies, were-to-be-preferred

omnibus
to-all

meis
my-own

commodis
advantage

et ration ibus. aff&irs (and and

interests).

21

ORATIO

THE ORATION
M. TULLII CICEKONIS,

OF

Jf.

TULLIUS CICERO,
PRO
L.

FOR MURENA.

L.

MURE N
sum
a
from

1.

Quae
That-which

deprecatus

immortalibus
the immortal

I-entreated

diis, gods,

judices,

more
quo
on-which

que instituto
auspicato,

majorum,
eomitiis
*I,

judges, (according to) the usage and

illo

institutions *of (our) Ancestors,

die,
day,

on-that

the-auspices-were-taken,

in the comitia

centuriatis,
centuriata,

renuntiavi
declared

L.

Murenam consulem
L.

Murena

consul

(elect);

ut

ea res
affair (of

eveniret

bene
populo,
to-the-nation,

(namely), that that

the election) might-eventuate advantageously

atque
and

feliciter
happily

mihi que meo magistratta,

to-me
:

and

to

my

magistracy,

que
and

plebi
people

Romans
of-Rome
diis, gods,
:

precor
I-pray-for

eadem

ab

eisdem
the same

the-same-thing of

immortalibus
immortal

ob
on

obtinendum
entering-upon

consulatum
the consulship (by)

ejusdem hominis, un& cum

the

salute,

same

man,

together with (his personal) safety (and privileges),

et and

ut
that

vestrse
your

mentes atque sententiae consentiant

minds

and

opinions

may
(242)

agree

ORATIO PRO

L.

MURENA.

243
populi,
people,

oum
with

voluntatibus
the wishes

que
and

suffragiis
suffrages

Romani
of-the-Roman

que
and

ea
(that) this

res
affair (of

afferat your agreement) may-bring

vobis,
to-you,

que
and

Romano
to-the- Roman

populo, pacem, tranquillitatem, otium, que

people,

peace,

tranquillity,

ease,

and

concordiaui.
concord.

Quod
For

si ilia
if

solemnis precatio
solemn
prayer (offered up in

that

comitiorum,
the assembly)
of-the-comitia,

conseerata
hallowed

consularibus
by-consular

auspiciis,
auspices,

habet
has

tantam
so-great

vim,
a power,

et and

religionem
religious-effect

in
in

se,
it,

quantam
as

dignitas
the dignity

reipublicae
of-the-republic

postulat
requires;

idem
at-the-saine-time

ego sum precatus,

I

ut
that

quoque
also

eis

prayed,

to-these-same

hominibus,
men,

quibus
to-whom

hie
this

consulatus
consulship

datus esset,
had-been-granted,

me
I

rogante,
eveniret
might-turn-out

ea

res

(presiding over the assembly, and) asking (their opinion), the

same thing

fauste,
auspiciously,

feliciter,
happily,

que
and

prospere.
prosperously.

Quae

cum

sint
they-are

ita,
so,

judices, # et
judges,

cum omnis
all

Which-things when

and when

potestas immortalium
the

deorum
gods
*is

aut
either

translata

power

of-the-immortal

sit transferred

ad
to

vos,
you,

aut certe communicata cum

or
certainly

vobis,
you,

idem consul
the

shared

with

same

consul

commendat eum
recommends

vestrse fidei,
faith

him (Murena) to-your

(and protection),

qui whe

antea commendavit
before

immortalibus diis ; ut et had-recommended (him) to-the-immortal gods; so-that (he) both

consul

declaratus
declared

voce

ejusdem
of-the-same

hominis,
man,
(Cicero)

consul by-the-voice

et tnd

defensus,
defended
(by the same),

tueatur
he-may-watch-over

beneficium
the favours

Romani
f

populi, cum vestra; salute, atque your safety, the-Roman people, (together) with an

(ihgt)

244

0RATI0 PRO
civium.
the citizens.

L.

MUREJSTA.

omnium
of-all

Et
And

quoniam
because

in

hoc
studium

in (the discharge of) this

officio,

duty

(which I have undertaken, of defending Murena),

the zeal

meae defensionis, defence (of of my

causae,
of-the-cause
(itself),

atque etiam
him),

ipsa
the-very

susceptie
undertaking

and

even

reprehensa est
has-been-reprehended

ab
by

aecusatoribus
the accusers;

antequam
(therefore)

before

instituo dicere I-commence to plead

pro
for
;

L. Murena,
L. Murena,

dicam
I- will-say

pauca

pro
officii

me
my

ipso
self,*

non
not

quo,
because,

a few (words) respecting

defensio
the defence

mei
of-my

sit

potior
preferred (as of more

duty

(in this cause)

may-be

mihi,
importance) to-me,

quidem
even

in
at

hoc tempore, quam

this

time,

than (the defence)

salutis
of-the-safety

hujusce,
of-this-same (person)

sed ut,
but that,

meo
my

facto
acts (in this case;

probato
being-approved

vobis,
by-you,

possim
I-may-be-able

majore
with-greater

auctoritate,
authority

propulsare
(and weight),
to-repel

impetus
the-attacks

inimicorum,
*of (his)

ab
upo$

Enemies,

hujus honore,
his

famfi,,

que omnibus
and
all

fortunis.
(his)

honour,

fame,

fortunes.

2.

Et
And

primum,
in-the-first-place,

respondebo
I-will

M.

Catoni,
M.
Cato,

reply to

(who

is

dirigenti
in the habit of)

vitam
life

ad
according-to

certam normam
a certain
rule

regulating

rationis,
of-reason,

et and

diligentissime
diligently

perpendenti
weighing

momenta
the value

officiorum
of-the-duties

omnium,
of-all,

de
concerning

meo
my-own

officio.

duty

(in

this cause),

Cato
Cato

negat,
denies,
(that)

fuisse
it-was

rectum
right
(or proper, that)

me
I

et
both

consulem,
jonsul,

et and

latorem
(also)

legis
of-the-law
(against)

proposer

ambitus,

et

tarn severe
severely

oriDery-and-improper-innuence-to-obtain-office, and 'having so

ORATIO PEG
gesto
ftnd strictly

L.

MURENA.
consulatu,
Should

245

Mischarged (the duties of) the consulship,

(in tha

attingere,
slightest degree)

causam
(or

Houch,

have any thing

to

do with)

the cause

L. Murenae.
of L.

Cujus
Whose

reprehesio
reprehension

vehementer
vehemently

movet
moves

Murena.

me,
(and excites) me,

ut
so that

non solum
not
only

probem
'I-may (explain and)

^rove

vobis,
to-you,

judices,
judges,

rationem
the reason

mei
of-my

facti
action (and conduct), (and)

quibus debeo maxime,

to-whom I-ought
especially (to do so),

verum etiam ut
but
also

that (I ought

Catoni
to

ipsi,
himself,

gravissimo
a most-respectable

atque
and

do the same)

to

Cato

integerrimo
upright

viro. man.

quo tandem, in-fine, By whom

defendi,
should-be-defended,

M.

Cato,
Cato,

est
is-it

M.

sequius,
more-just,
(that)

consulem
a consul

quam
than

a consule
by
a consul?

Quis, in republica, potest, aut debet esse conjunctior ought to-be can, or more-united Who, in the republic,
mihi,
to-me,

quam
than

is,

he,

respublica cui to-whom the republic

sustentata
by-my

traditur,
is-delivered,

a
by

me
me

uno,
alone,

sustinenda,
periculis
dangers
?

meis magnis laboribus et

great
labours

to-be-sustained, having-been-upheld
?

and

Quod
For

si,
if,

in

iis

rebus
is

repetendis,

in those things demand-is-made-for-recovery,

quse sunt
which
are

mancipi,

debet prsestare periculun;

ought
to-incur

warranted-property, he

the risk

judicii,
of-a-trial,

se qui obligavit who has-bound himself

nexu,
by-the-obligation (of warranting the

profeeto
sale),

etiam
also

rectius,
more-justly,

in
in

judicio
the
trial

consulis
of a consul

certainly

designate
sleet,

is
that

consul potissimum, qui declaravit

consul
most-especially,

who

declared

(him)

sonsulem,
consul,

debebit esse
ought-to-be

auctor
the guarantee
(for

benefieii
him) of-the-favoura

Romani
pf-the-Roman

populi,
people,

que
and
(his)

defensor
defender
(in case)

periculi.
of danger.

21*

J46
A;,
And,
si.
if,

OEATIO PRO
;;:

L.

MUKEKA.
solet
fieri,

in
in

nonnu
some

Lis

o;vi:a:ibus
states

as

it-is-the-ewstona :;-\ e-donet

patronus
an (advocate or)
patron

hnic
for-this

causae
cause

consiiiueretur
should-be-appoii::;d

public
publicly

(by the authority?),

::ssime is he would most- especially

x

dare:ur
'be-assign.l

*fle
as-a-defender,

honore,
with-the-honour (of
office),

to-the-one-invested

qui, who,

piaeditoa
endued

e-xlem honore, afferret ^h-the-sauie honour (of oiSce himself ), might-bring

non
no

minus
less

auetoritatis,
a.::h.ri:v.
si,
if,

quam
than

facoltatia
abili:y

ad
to

dieendurn.
(his)

pleading.
a":

Quod
J.r

ii,

those,

qui jam invehuntur who now are-brought (by solent

are-accustomed

ex

the winds) from the high

in
(sea) into

portum
the harbour

prrecipere
to-give

summo
with-the-greatest

studio,
eare,

solventibus
(those)

portu,
the harbour,

leaYing et

et both

rationem
an-account

pestatum,
)f-Uie-storms,

pruedonum,
.

et

locorurn
[

and

:-

_e-pirates,

and of (the dangerous)

quod
because

natura
nature

fert, impels

ut
(us), that

faveatous
we-favour

eis,
those,

qui who

ingrediantur
are-about-to-undergo

eadem
the same
:

pericula,
dangers,

quibus
which

noa
ire

perfuneti somas
have-gone- thrc
.

quo
in-whafl
state :f)

animo
mind
:

tandem
is-it

:_

...

khea

oportet
*proper
(that)

me
I

esse,
should-be,

jam prope videntem

now

terrain,
land,

i:r

seeing

ex
after

maga
a great

jactatione.
tossing

in
life),

(on the storaj sea of public

as-respects

hunc,
him,

cui, video, esse who, I-see, is-ac .:

;

subeundas maximas tempestates

-_
.

.-tering the greai^f:

f
;

storms

reipublicse?
of-the-republic
?

Quare
Wherefore

si
if

boni
(the part)

consuli,
consul,

it-is

of-a-good

non solum videre,

not

quid
what
'is

agatur,
(now)
:

yerum
but

etian;
also

only

to-see-to,

'doing,

providere, quid futurum

to-foresee,

sir

ostendam,
(the state of affairs); I-wili-shcw

what may- hereafter-be

ORATIO PRO
alio mother
loco,
place,

L.

MURENA.
communis
the

247
salutis,
safety

quantum
how-much

intersit
it-interests

?n-

common
in
in

esse
(that)

duos
two

consules,
consuls,

republica
the republic

tbei^-should-be

kaiendis
ita,
so,

January
first

Quod
of January.]

si
if

est
it-is

on-ihe-kalends-of-January. [On the

Which

non

tarn

officium debuit
ought

vocare
to-call-on

me
me
(to

not so-much (my) duty

defend)

fortunas
the fortunes

hominis
of-a-man

amici,
(my)
friend,

quam
as
(that)

respublica
the republic

consulem
(should call on)
the consul

ad
to

defendendam
defend

communem
the

common

salutem.
safety.

3.

Nam
For

quod
that

tuli I-proposed

legem
the law

de
concerning

ambitu,
bribery,

certe
(and corrupt means of obtaining
office),
l

ita

tuli,
(it),

I certainly 'did so 'propose

ut
that

non abrogarem
'I-might not
'abrogate

earn,
that (law),

quam
which

tulerim
I-had-proposed

jampridem mijiimet
long-since

ipsi
self,

de
concerning

defendendis
defending (and warding
si
if

to-my-own

periculis
cff) the

civium.

Etenim
For

confiterer
I-were-to-confess

dangers of (my) fellow citizens.

largitionem esse factum, que defenderem

(that)

id,
it,

bribery

was

committed, and

should-defend

(as)

esse

recte factum,
'done,

facerem
I-would-act

improbe,
unjustly (and reprehen-

'having-been rightly

etiam
6ibly),

si
if

alius

tulisset

legem
esse
(by

:
:

vero
but

cum
when

even

another (person) had-proposed the law

defendam,
I maintain,
(that)

nihil
nothing
est,
is-there,

commissum
quod
latio

contra
Murena) against

has-been-done

legem,
the law,

quid
what

legis

impediat
esse
(that)
it-is

that the proposing of-the-law should-hinder

meam
my
jpli

defensionem
defence

?
(of

Negat
him)?

He

(Cato)

denies

ejusdem
consonance with)
the

severitatis,
severity

same

(and strictness),

248
expulisse
io-have-expelled

0RATI0 PRO
urbe
from-the-city

L.

MURENA.
Catilinam
Catiline

molientem
plotting

exitium
the destruction

reipublicae
of-the-republic,

intra
within

moenia,
dicere
to-plead

verbis

the walls (thereof), by-words,

et and

pene
almost

imperio,
by-command,

et and

nunc
now

pro
the cause of

L. Murena\
L. Murena.

Autem ego
But
I

semper libenter egi

'have always

has
ipsa
herself

willingly *acted those

partes
parts

lenitatis
of-mildness

et miserieordiae, and of-compassion,

quas natura
which
nature

docuit
has-taught

me
me:

non vero appetivi

*I-did not

illam
that

personam
character

indeed

'seek-for

gravitatis
of-rigour

que
and

severitatis,
of-severity,

sed,
but,

impositam
being imposed

mihi
on-me

ab
'as a duty)

republica,
the republic,

sustinui,
I-sustained
(it),

sicut
as

dignitas
the dignity

by

hujus
of-this

imperii
empire

postulabat,
required,

in amid

suinmo
the greatest

periculo
danger

civium.
of-the-citizens.

Quod
And
severity,

si turn,
if

cum
when

respublica desiderabat
the republic

then,

required

vim
force

et and

severitatem,

vici I-conquered

n&turam,
(my)
nature,

et and

fui was

tarn
as

vehemens qu&m
rigorous
as

cogebar,

non quam volebam

as

I-was-forced-to-be, not

I-wished:

nunc,
now,

cum omnes
when
all

causae vocent
motives
call

me ad
me
to

misericordiam,
compassion,

atque ad humanitatem,
and
to

quanto studio tandem

with- what

debeo
ought-I

humanity,

ardour

then

to-indulge

servire rneae natures que consuetudini ? habits (inclined and nature my

to

humane, and

At
friendly feelings)
?

But

officio de concerning the duty

mese
of-iny

defensionis,
defence

ac
(of Murena),

de

ratione
erit

tuse
of-your

accusationis,
accusation

and

concerning the motives

etiam fortasse
(of him), (there)
also

nobis dicenduru
to-speak

perhaps

will-be (occasion) for-us

in
;n

alia
another

parte
part

orationis.
of-the-oratiou.

0RATI0 PRO

L.

MURENA.

24

,>

Sed, judices, conquestio Ser. Sulpicii, sapientissimi

But,
judges,
the complaint
of Ser. Sulpicius,

a most-wise

atque
and

ornatissimi
most-accomplished

hominis, commovebat
man,

me non
me
no

moved
:

minus,
less,

quam
than

accusatio
the accusation

Catonis
of Cato

qui who

dixit
[Sulpicius]
said

ferre
(that he)

gravissime
very-heavily

bore

et and

acerbissime,
very-bitterly,
(that)

me
I

oblitum
having-forgotten
(the claims)

familiaritatis
of-long-acquaintance

que
and

necessitudinis
of-intimate-and-binding-friendship

defendere
was-defenuing
'

causam
the cause

L. Murenae contra
of-L.

Murena

against

se. him.

Ego
I

cupio, judices, satisfacere

desire,

judges,

to-satisfy

huic, que adhibere vos arbitros. employ you as umpires (between and him,
est
it-is

Nam cum
us).

For

when
turn,
so,

grave,
si
if
:

accusari
falso

vere
truly

in
in

amicitia,
friendship,

a serious (thing), to-be-accused

etiam
even

accuseris,
Accused,

est
it-is

non negligendum.
not
to-be-neglected.

you-be falsely

Ego
I

Ser. Sulpici confiteor,

Ser. Sulpicius

et
(that)

me
I

dobuisse
owed

tibi,

confess,

both

you,

in tua petitione,
in

omnia
(and canvass for the consulship),
officia,
offices,

your application

all

(my)

studia atque
zeal

pro
according-to

nostra necessitudine,
our
'

and (good)

intimate-friendship,

et arbitror
and
I-think (that)

prsestitisse. I-have-performed (the same, by giving

all

the assist

Defuit
ance in tibi

nihil
nothing

a
on

me
my
(part, to assist)

my

power).

There-lacked

petenti consulatum, quod postulandum esset,

soliciting

aut
either

you

the consulship,

that

could-be-required,

ab
from

amico, aut
a friend,
or

a
from

gratiosso,
a favoured

aut
(and influential person),
or

a
from

consule.
the consul.

Illud
That

tempus
time
sic,
so,

abiit

ratio

has-gone-by; the motive (of action)

mutata

est.

Existim^
I-think

sic

persuadeo mihi,
persuade
myself, (that,
1

is-changed.

and

so

250

ORATIO PRO
AtVaftse tibi tantum
owoct

L.

MTTRENA.
contra

me
.

honorem
the advancemen

you

as-much (assistance) against

L. Murena*,
of-L.

quantum
(to the consulship),

tu

ausus

sis

Murena

as

you might-venturo

postulare
to require-of

a
from

me;
me
;

contra
(but that)

salutem,
safety,

against (his personal)

si
if

debere

nihil.

Neque enim,
Nor
indeed,

turn
*I

adfui

tibi,

I-owe (you) nothing.

then

'stood-by you,

cum

peteres consulatum, debeo when you-sought the consulship, ought-I

idcirco
for that reason

nunc,
now,

cum
when

petas
you-seek
(to injure)

Murenam
Murena

ipsum,
himself,

esse
to-be (your)

adjutor
assistant

eodem
by-the-same

pacto.
agreement.

Atque
And

hoc
this

non
not

modo
only

non
'is

not

laudari,
'to-be-praised,

sed
but

potest
can

ne
not

quidem
indeed

concedi,
be-conceded,

ut,
that,

nostris amicis accusantibus,

our
friends

non defendamus
*we-might not
'defend

accusing,

etiam
even

alienissimos.
the-greatest-strangers.

4.

Autem,
But,

judices,
judges,

est
there-is

et
both

vetus,
an
old,

et and

magna
great

amicitia
friendship

cum Murena
with

mihi, quae
(and)

non
'shall

Murena

me,

which (friendship)

not

idcirco

obruetur

a Ser. Sulpicio, in dimieatione

Ser. Sulpicius, in

for-such-reason 'be-overwhelmed by

a capital

capitis,
trial,

quod
superata est
in
in

ab eodem
by the same

(involving all the civil rights of Murena), because

contentione
a contest
si
(for)

(Sulpicius, this friendship)

was-overcome

honoris.
the honour (of
office).

Quae causa
Which motive
vel
either
(of friendship),

esset non,
it-were

if

not

tamen
(in existence),

dignitas

hominis,
est,
obtained,

yet

the dignity (and high rank) of-the-man,

vel
or

amplitudo
the -great- dignity

ejus
of-his

honoris, quern adeptus

office,

which

he-has

inussisset
W( uld-have-branded

mihi me

summam f&mam
(with)

superbite
of-pride

the greatest

stigma

ORATIO PRO
que
*nd

L.

MURENA.
causam
a cause

251
tanti
of-so-much

crudelitatis,
of-cruelty,

si
if

repudiasseni
I-had-repudiated

periculi,
danger,

hominis

amplissimi,

et

suis

ornamentis
honouri

of-a-man most-distinguished, both by-his-own

Romani populi. et and (by those) of-the-Roman people.

mihi jam, neque est
me
'impart

Neque enim
Neither

licet
is-it-allow&l

indeed

integrum,
wholly-in-my-power,

ut
that
l

non
I-should not

now,

nor

is-it

impertiam
periculis
tke dangers

meum
my

laborem,
labour

sublevandis
in-alleviating

(and assistance),

hominum.
of-men.

Nam
For
this

cum
when

tanta
such-great

praemia
rewards

data sint
have-been-given

mihi pro hsec industria,

to-me,
for

industry

(in

defending

others),,

quanta
as

antea
labores,
labours,

nemini
(for like services)
y

before-this (have been conferred) on-none

deponere
to-desist-from

per
by

quos
which

ceperis
esset

ea,

you-obtained those (honours),

cum
when
et

adeptus
astuti

sis,

hominis,
of-a-man,

you-have- obtained

(them),

would-be (the part)

et ingrati. both cunning and ungrateful.

Si quod
If

licet
(for

however it-would-be-allowed

me)

desinere,
to- desist (from

si,

my

labours),

if,

auctore, possum, te you being the adviser, I-might (do

inertias,
of-indolence,

so),

ei
if

nulla turpitudo
no
disgrace
(or reproach)

nulla superbiae,
none
of-arrogance,

nulla culpa inhumanitatis suscipitur;

no
fault

ego
I (would)

of-inhuinanity

is-incurred

(thereby);

vero
indeed

libenter
willingly

desino.
desist.

Sin
But

autem
if

fuga

laboris

the shunning of-labour

coarguit desidiam, repudiatio supplicum

proves
idleness,

superbiam,

the rejection

of-supplian-ts (proves) arrogance,

neglectio
<and) the neglect

amicorum
of-friends

improbitatem
(proves)

worthlessness;

(and)

nimirum
indeed

haee
this

causa
cause

est
is

ejusmodi,
of-that-kind,

quam
which

nee
neither

industrius,
an industrious,

nee
or

misericors,
merciful,

nee
or

i>fficiosus
obliging (man)

possit
can

252
deserere.
abandon.

0RATI0 PRO

L.

MURENA.
Servi,
Servius,

Atque hujusce
And
an opinion,
of this

rei,
thing,

facillime

^ouniay

very- easily

ceperis conjecturam
'form

de

from your

tuo ipsius studio own pursuits

tibi,
for-you,

(as a lawyer).

Nam
For

si
if

putas

necesse

etiam
also

respondere
to-give-legal-advice

you-think-it necessary

adversariis
to-the-enemies

tuorum amicorum, consulentibus

of-your
si
if

de

friends,

consulting (you) respecting

jure;
the law;

et and

existimas
you think
(it)

turpe,

te

advocato,

shameful, you having been counsel,

ilium
(and given your advice and opinion), (that) the

ipsum,
same
(person),

contra
against

quern

veneris,
*you (now)
*appear,

cadere
should-lose
(his)

causa;
cause;

whom
esse
to-be

noli
resolve-not

tarn
so

injustus,
unjust,

ut,
that,

cum
^Lien

tui your

fontes
springs

pateant
(of legal

vel
even

tuis
to-your

mimicis,
enemies,
(that)

knowledge)

are-open,

putes
you-would-think (that)

nostros
our
(small)

rivulos
rivulets

oportere
ought

esse
to-be

clausos etiam
closed,

amicis.

Etenim
For-indeed,

si
if

familiaritas
(my) long-friendship

also *to (our) friends.

tua removisset
(for)

me

ab hoc
this

causa:,
cause,

you had-removed

me from

et si and if

hoc idem
this

same

accidisset
had-happened
viris,

Q. Hortensio,
to Q. Hortensius,

M.
to

Crasso, clarissimis M. Crassus, most-distinguished

si

item ceteris,
also
to-others,

a
by

men, (and engaged in

this case for

Murena),

if

quibus intelligo tuam gratiam favour your I-know whom

aestimari;
'prized

magni
and (esteem)
*is

greatly

consul
the consul

designatus
elect

non
Vould
not

haberet
*have

defensorem,
a defender,

in
in

ea
that

civitate,
city,

in
in

qua
which

nostri
our

majores
ancestors

voluerunt
tiad-resolved

unquam
that

deesse
should-there-be-wanting

patronum
a patron

never

nemini
(and deader)

infimo.

Ego
I

ipse
myself

to-any^one, (tren of) the lowest-degree.

ORATIO PRO
vero,
indeed,

L.

MURENA.

255
nefarium,
a-wicked-inan,
si
if

judices,
judges,

existimarem
would-consider

me
myself
si
if

defuissem
I-were-wanting
to

amico,
(my)
friend,

crudelem,
a-cruel-man,
si
if (I

(I

were wanting)

misero,

superbum
quod

consulL
were wanting)
to-the-consul

to-one-in-distress, an-arrogant-man,

Quare
Wherefore

dandum
ut
esset
were

est

amicitiae,
to-friendship,

larg
'wilLbe freely

whatever

is-to-be-conceded

dabitur
l

a
by

me,
me,
si
if (it)

agam
meus
my

cum
with

given

so-that I-will-act

te, you,

Servi,
Servius,

non
in no

secus,

ac

frater, qui est carissimus

brother,

otherwise than

who
you

is

most-dear

mihi,
to

in
(stood)
in

me,

isto this same

officio,
to- duty,

loco.
place
(that
are).

Quod
Whatever
religion],
(and)
to-religion,

tribuendum est
is-to-be-yielded

fidei,
to (good)
faith,

moderabor
I-will regulate

id
it

ita,
so,

ut

meminerim,

me
I

dicere
am-pleading

that I-may-remember, (that)

pro
amici.
*friend.

amici

periculo, contra studium

in-danger,
against the attacks 'of (another)

for (the safety) of-a-friend

5.

Intelligo,
I-understand,

judices,
judges,
(that)

fuisse
there-were

tres
three

partes
parts

totius
of-the-entirc

accusationis,
accusation,

et and

unam
(that)

earum
of-them
vitae,

one

versatam

esse,

in
in

reprehensione
the censure
(of his

has-been-taken-up,

mode

of)

life,

alteram in contentione
the other
in

contesting

(his claims,

on account of his not being of

dignitatis,
the proper rank and)
dignity,

tertiam
(and)
the third

in
with

criminibus
the crimes

ambitus.
of-bribery

Atque harum trium

(and corruption in the election).
ilia
that

And
esse

of-these

three

partium,
parts,

prima, quae debeat

first,

gravissima,
lex
the law, 'respecting)

which

ought to-have-been the-most-grave,

fuit *as

ita
so

infirma
weak

et levis, ut and trifling, that

magis
rather

22

; ;

254
quaedam
certain

0RATI0 PRO

L.

MURENA,
illos

accusatoria coegerit
.accusation,

dicere aliquid,
to-say something,

(forms of )

forced

them

de
concerning

vita
the
life

L. Murenae,
of L. Murena,

quam
than
(any)

vera
real

facultas pcwer

xnaledicendi.
of-criminating (him).

Enim Asia
For
Asia

objecta est
has-been objected
(to

him

as a

quae
reproach)

non expetita
x

est

ab hoc ad
by
him,
for (the

which

was not

bought
et and

purpose

voluptatem
of indulgiug in)

luxuriam,
luxury,

sed
but

pleasure

which

peragrata in militari labore.

he-traversed
in

military

duty.

Qui Who

si
if

adolescens,
(when) a-young-man,

suo
his-own

patre
father

imperatore,
being commander,

non
'he-had not

meruisset
Served

videretur,
(in the

aut

timuisse

hostem,
the enemy,

aut
or

army)

he-would-seem, either to-have-feared

imperium
the

patris,
of- his- father,

aut
or

repudiatus

a parente.
praetextati

command

to-have-been-repudiated by his parent.

An
Whether

cum
when

filii

the sons, (under 17 years, and) wearing-the-praetexta

triumphantium soleant potissimum sedere in

of-those-triumphing

equis
the horses

used

especially

to-sit

on

fugiendum fuit (drawing the triumphal car) ; was-it-to-be-avoided (by)

huic decorare
this one,

to

adorn

triumphum
the triumph

patris
'of (his) 'father,

militaribus
'with (his

donis,
rewards,

own)

'military

ut,
go-that,

rebus
by-exploits

gestis
performed

communiter,
together,
(it

might be said that)

?

paene triumpharet simul

'he nearly

cum
in
in

patre
et and

Hie
This (man)

'triumphed

together 'with

(his) 'father?

vero,
then,

judices,
judges,

et
both

fuit was

Asia,
Asia,

fuit

magno
a great

was

adjumento
assistance

fortissimo
to-the-very-brave

viro suo parenti in periculis,

man

his

father

in

dangers,

solatio
comfort (to him)

in
'in (his)

laboribus,
'labours,

gratulationi
a congratulation
(to

in
him)
iff

victoria.
victory.

Et,
And,

st
if

Asia habet
Asia
has

quandam suspieionem
a certain
suspicion

ORATIO PRO
luxuriae, rton
of luxury,

L.

MURENA,
vidisse
'saw

25

unquam
'he

Asiam, sed
Asia,

not (that)

ever

but

(that)

vixisse continenter in Asia,

he-livci

laudandum

est.

Quamobrem
For-which-reason

temperately

in

Asia,

is-to-be-praised.

nomen
the

Asiae
of- Asia

name

fuit was

non objiciendum Murena),

not
to-be-objected
to

ex
froia

Murena,

qua

laus constituta est

generi,

faniilise,
'for (his)

memoria
a memoria]

which renown was constituted (and arose)

family,

honos
(and)

'for (his)

'race,

honour

et gloria and glory

nomini: sed
'to (his)

'name

but

aliquod flagitium
Borne

ac

dedecus

aut
either

susceptuni
acquired

debauchery

and scandalousness (was)

in Asia, aut
(by him)
in

deportatum
brought

ex
from

Asia. Vero
Asia.

Asia,

or (when)

But
bello,
war,

meruisse
to-have- earned

stipendia
pay
[to

in
have served
in the

eo
that

army]

in

quod
which

turn
then

Romanus
the

populus
people

gerebat,
waged,

non
not

modo
only

Roman

maximum,
the greatest,

sed
but

etiam
also

solum,
the only-one,

fuit

was

(a proof)

"of (his)

virtutis
'valour
:

libentissime
'to-have-most- willingly

meruise,
'served (in the army, his)

patre
father

imperatore,
being commander, 'of (his
filial)

pietatis
'piety
:

finem
'of (his

(that) the termination

stipendiorum fuisse victoriam

'military)

ac
and

triumphum
triumph

services

was

the victory,

patris,
'of (his) 'father, (and

felicitatis.

Idcirco
Therefore

which was a proof)

'of (his) 'good-fortune.

quidem
indeed

in
in

Ihisce
these

rebus,
things,

est
there-is

nihil no

loci

maledicto,
for-censure>,

room

quod
6.

laus

occupavit
has-taken-up

omnia.
all (the place).

txecaise praise

Cato appellat L.
Cato
calls

Murenam
L.

saltatorem.
a dancer.

Si
If (this
is)

Murena
est

vere
truly

objicitnr,
objected
;

maledictum
the reproach

vehementig
of-a-violent

(to him),

it-is

accusatoris
accuser;

sin

falso
(it is

maledici conviciatoris.
that) of-a-slanderous

but-if falsely

calumniator.

2c6

ORATIO PRO

L.

MTJKKNA.

Quare
:refore

cum
non,
not,

sis
(of)

when you-are

ista anctoritate, authority v and weight of character), such

debes
you-ou^ht

M. Cato,
If. Cato,

ampere maledictum
to-snatch

ex
out-of

calumny

trivio,
the-creaa-streets,

aut
(where idlers meet),
or

ex
from

aliquc some

convivic
carousal

scurrarura, neque temere

of-buffoons,

vocari
to-call

eonsulem
the consul

Romani
of-the-Romac
vitiia
vices

nor
:

rashly

populi
people

saltatorem
a dancer:
sit

sed
but

conspicere,
to-consider,

quibus
with-what

praeterea
besides

necesse
necessary
(that)

eum
he
objici.
objected.

affectum esse,
should-be-affected,

it-may-be

cui istud lo-whom this

saltat
lances,

possit may-be

vere
truly

Enim
For

fere
almost
;

nemo
no-one

sobrius,
(when he
is)

nisi
unless

forte
perhaps

insanit

neque
neither

sober,

he-is-crazy;

in
In

solitudine,
solitude,

neque
nor

in
in

moderate
a moderate

atque
and

honesto
decent

convivio.
teasL

Saltatk)
Dancing

est
is

extrema
the last

comes
companion

tempestivi
of-prolonged

convivii,
feasting,

amoeni

loci,

multarum
mihi,

of-pleasant (and luxurious) places, (and) of-many (voluptuous)

deliciarum.
mres.

Tu
You

arripis
catch-at

id
that,
(it

quod
which
(it)

seems

to)

me,

est
s

necesse
necessary
:

omnium
(that)
of-all

vitiorum
vices

esse
{n saould)
be

postremum
the last:

relinquis
you-leave

ilia,

quibus
(things unnoticed),

those

which

remotis,
being-removed,

hoc
this

vitium
vice

potest
can

non
not

omnino
at-all

esse.
exist.

Nullum
No
revelling,

turpe
disgraceful

convivium,
feasting,

non
no
improper

amor,
love,

non
no

comissatio,

non
no

libido,
lust,

non
no

sumptus
extravagance-in-expenditur

Utenditur.
is-sh

Et,

cum

ea
(things)

non reperiantur,
'are not

And, when those

found,

quae habent
rhich

have

voluptatis, que quae sunt vitiosa and which are vicious: (k* the name of-pleasure,

nomen

ORATIO PRO
iii

L.

MURENA.
in
in

257
eo
him

quo
whom
putas

potes
you-can

non reperire luxuriam ipsam,

not
find

in

luxury

itself,

d* you- think

(that)

te you

reperturum
will-find

umbram
the shadow

luxuriae ?
of-luxury
?

Potest
Can

nihil
nothing

igitur
therefore

dici

in

vitam L. Murense
the
life

be-said against

of L.

Murena?

Inquau: nihil omnino, judices.

I-say

Consul designates
The consul
elect
:

nothing

at-all,

judges.

is

sic

defenditur

a
by

me,
me,

ut
that

nulla fraus,
no
fraud,

thus (and on those grounds) defended

nulla avaritia, nulla perfidia, nulla crudelitas, nullum

no
avarice,

no

perfidy,

no

cruelty,

no

petulans
Uscivious

verbum
word

ejus
of-his

proferatur.
can-be-brought-against (him).

Habet
It-is

bene
well:

fundamenta
the foundations

defensionis
of-the-defence

jacta sunt.
are-laid.

Enim
For

nondum
we-are
not-as-yet

defendimus
'defending

bonum
a good

virum,
man,

atque
and

integrum hominem,
upright

man,

nostris by our

laudibus,
praises,

quibus
which

postea
hereafter

utar,

sed prope
almost

confessione

inimicorum.
aditus
the approach

]-will-make-use-of, but

by-the-confession 'of (his) Enemies.

7.

Quo
Which
(first

constituto,
part)

ad
to

being-established,

contentionem
the contest

dignitatis,
(respecting his) dignity

quae fuit
(and rank), which

was

altera
the second

pars
part

accusationis,
of-the-accusation,

est
is

facilior more-easy

mihi.
for-me.

Video
I-see
(that)

esse
there-is

in
in

te, you,

Ser. Sulpici,
Ser. Sulpicius,

summam
the highest

dignitatem
dignity

generis,
of-birth,

integritatis,
of-integrity,

industriae,
of-industry,

que
and

omnium ceterorum ornamentorum, fretum

of-all

quibus,
on-wbich ;

other

accomplishments,

relying

est
it-is

par
proper
(for you),

aggredi
to-attempt

ad petitionem
to

consulates.
the consulship,

apply

(for"

Cognosco
I-ki >w

ista

esse

paria

in

that-these-same (virtues and endowments) are

equally-so in

22*

258

0RATI0 PRO

L.

MURENA.
neque
ipse
poterit
could-be

L. Murena, atque ita paria,

L. Murena,

ut

and

so

equal,

that neither he-himself

vinci
surpassed

dignitate,
in-dignity

neque
(and worth by you),

nor

'can-he

(Murena^

superarit
'surpass

te you

dignitate.
in-dignity.

Contempsisti
You-have-despised

genus
the family

L, Murenae;
of L. Murena;

extulisti

tuum.
nisi

Quo
On-which

loco,
subject,

si
it

you-have-extolled your-own.
tibi,

sumis
/ou-assume

hoc
esse
is

qui sit patricius,

he who
;

this to-yourself (to assert), except

is

a patrician,

neminem
no-one

natum
born

bono
of-a-good

genere
family;

facis,

videatur,

you-act, it-would-sem,

ut
that

rursus
again

plebes
the people

sevocanda
were-to-be-called-out

in
to

Aventinum.
the Aventine
hill.

Autem
But
familiae
families;

sin
if

sunt
there-are

amplae
distinguished

et and

honestae
honest

plebeiae
plebeian

et
(and indeed) both

proavus,
the great-grandfather,

avus et and grandfather

pater,

L. Murenae
of-L.

fuerunt
were

praetores,
prastors,

Murena

et and

cum
when

(his)

father,

triumphasset

amplissime
praetura,
(his)

atque honestissime
and
honourably
(for exploits

he-had-triumphed most-splendidly

ex
performed)
in

hoc
(and) thereby

reliquit
left

huic
to-hitn

praetorship,

faciliorem
a-more-easy

gradum
step [and thereby prepared the

adipiscendi way for him] of-obtaining debitus

'due

consulates,
the consulship,

quod
because

is
it

jam
'was already

patri
to-the-father

petebatur
was-sought

a
by

filio.

Vero tua
But
your

nobilitas,
nobility,

Ser. Sulpici,
Ser. Sulpicfas,

the son.

tametsi
although

est
it-is

summa,
(of the)

tamen
(order),

est
it-is

notior
more-known

highest

yet

literatis
to-literary

hominibus
men
et and

et and

historicis,
historians,

vero
but

obscurior
less-known-

populo
to-the-people

suffragatoribus.
to-the-voters.

Enim
For
(your)

pater fuit
father

was

equestri
ln-the-equestrian

loco
rank
;

avus
(your)

celebratus
was-celebrated

nulla
by n

grandfather

raUTTO PR) L. MITRENA.

illustri
Jiustrions

259

lande.
repntafcion.

Itaque
Therefore

non
not

ex

recenti

sermone
disco utsp

from the

medem
the

hominum, sed ex
of-men,

retustate annalinm est

of-annaLs
is

memoria
remmfeniMf

but from the antiquity

tnse
of-yonr

nobilitatis
nobility

ernenda.
to-be-extracteoL

Qnare
Wherefore

s ^ egl I am-aeenstomed

per aggregare
always
to-associate

te in yon in

nostroram numenim,
our
e:rii::.s

quod,
because,
-

number,

when

ses yon-are

!::s E:ii:: the son of-a-Roman

virr.i:e

:e

knight, *by (your) Sirtne

and

industry,

you-have-attained
g
a
:

(such reputation, that)

jtA

pu: rare

yon might-be- thought worthy

::nin& -:_7-i._::
5

amplitndin e

lzz:

un
nor
'did-it

sum sd mihi
erer
l

esse
to-be
el

minus
less

Tirtntis

seem

to-me

in
in

Q. Pcsapelo, novo homiriT.

Q. Pompeius,

new

man,

and

fortissniH) a-most-brave
.

viro,

man,

quam
than

in
in (that)

nobilissimo homine.
most-noble

man,

M. ^RfniKn M JE
.....

Erenim
I::

est
a part)

animi
of-the-same

atquand

ingenii,
talent,

tradere
to-transnrifc

mind
Pompeiui
n:::

posteris,
to-his posterity,

quod Pompeius
which
i:i.

mplitadmCTa
:z-.
.

nomniis,
of-a-name, et,
and,

nam
which
'he

accfpe:-;;.:
'received

had not

(from his parents

ut
like

Seaurus,
Scaurns,

renoYare,
to-renew,
s

yiitate
'by (his) Virtue,

rr::f
:_t
:
...

intermortuam memoriam
extinct

ggn

ris.

remembrance

of-hia

family.

8.

Quanquam ego
.-..-.'
r

jam
heretofore

putabam, jndices, did-think, O jndge

5

perfect um esse
bad-been-brought-about

meo
by-my

labore,
exertion,
(that)

:gi::b:L::as
wnnt-of-nobility

gene:
irth

is

ne objiceretur mukis fartHras

'might not
'be-objected

raris

::

to-many

hcare

men;

who

jaeebant,

non modo
only (when)

commemorandia
mentioning (and pointing oot

.einained-ueglected, not

SriO

ORATIO PRO
Catonibus,
the Catoes,

L.

MURENA.
illis

Curiis,
the Curii,

Pompeiis,
the Pompeii,

antiquis.
ancient,

those

fortissimis viris,
most-brave-men,
(and)

novis new
Didiis,
the Didii,

hominibus,
men,

sed
but

hia
these

recentibus,
modern-ones,

Mariis,
the Marii,

et and

Creliis.
the Cseiii.

Cum
When

ego
I

vero,
indeed,

tanto
so-great

intervallo,
an interval (of time haying elapsed),

refregissem
had-broken

ista claustra nobilitatis,

these
barriers
of-nobility,

ut
so-that

aditus ad
access
to

consulatum
the consulship

posthac,
hereafter,
:

non
might not

pateret
'be-open

magis
more

riobilitati,
to-nobility,

quam
than
:
l
:

virtuti,
to- virtue

sicut
(and merit),
as

fuit
it-was

apud nostros majores

with
our
ancestors

I-did

non arbitrabar, cum consul design at us, ex vetere

no,

Hhink,

when

the consul

elect,

of
filio

an old

et and

illustri
illustrious

familia,
family,

defenderetur
was-defended

Romani
of-a-Roman

by-the son

equitis,
knight,

consule,
(he being) consul,
(that)

accusatores
the accusers

dicturos esse
wouid-say-any thing

de
concerning
ipsi,
myself,

novitate
newness

generis.
of family.

Etenim
For

accidit
it-happened

mihi
to-me

ut
that

peterem,

cum duobus
two

patriciis,
patricians

I-sought-for (the consulship), with

altero improbissimo atque audacissimo,

(against me), the one

a most-worthless

and

most-audacious (man),

altero
the other

modestissimo,
a most-modest,

atque
and

optimo
most-excellent

viro

:
:

tamen,
however,

man

euperavi
I-overcame

Catilinam
Catiline

dignitate,
in-dignity, (and)

Galbain
Galba

gratia.
in-favour.

Quod
Because

si
if

id deberet
this

esse
to-have-been (alleged as)

crimen
a crime

novo
to-a-new

ought

homini,
man,

profecto
certainly

neque
neither

inimici,
enemies,

neque
nor

invidi
envious-persona

defuissent
grould-have-been-wanting

mihi.
to-me
(on the occasion).

Omittamus
Let-us-omit

igitur
therefore

dicere
saying

de
(any thing)
concerning

genere,
birth,

dignitaa
the dignity

ORATIO PB r
cujus
of-which

L.

MURENA.

261

est
is

magna
great

in
in

utroque
each
(candidate;
:

videamus
let-us-look

cetera.
to-the-rest.

" Petit
*He (Murena) bought

qusesturam

ana,

the quaestorship together (with me),

et ego and I

factus

sum

prior/'

Est non
not (necessary)

was-made

the first" (in order, says Sulpicius). It-is

respondendum ad
to-reply
to

omnia.

Enim neque
For
neither

fugit
does-it-escape

every-thing.

quemquam vestrum, cum

(the observation of)

any-one

of-you,

when

multi pares many equal

possit
can
alone

dignitate
in- dignity

fiant,
are-designated (for
office),

autem unus solus

but

one

obtinere
obtain

primum
the
first

ordinem dignitatis
(place)
;

(for that)

the order
;

of-dignity

et and

renuntiationis
of-announcement

esse
is

non
not

eundem
the same;

propterea
because

quod
that

renuntiatio
the announcement
(of the election)

habeat
may-have

gradus,
degrees,

autem
but

iignitas
the dignity

sit

persaepe

eadem
fuit was

omnium.
(for)
all.

may

be (considered) very-often (as) the same

Sed
But

qusestura
the quaestorship

utriusque
of-each
(of you)

propemodum
nearly
(of)

pari
equal

momento

sortis. importance (as assigned by) lot.

Hie
quiet am
quiet

habuit,
had,

This-one [Murena]

Titia
by-the-Titian

lege,
law,

tacit am
a
still

et and

provinciam:
province

tu
you [Sulpicius]

illam
had that

Ostiensem,
Ostian (province),

cui,
at-which,

cum
when

quaestores sortiuntur,
the quasstors
draw-lots,

solet
it- is -customary

etiam
also (for the by-standers)

acclamari
to-shout-out
(in derision)
;

non
(a province)

tarn gratiosam
so

not

pleasant

et and

illustrem,
illustrious,

qu&ni negotiosam
as
full-of-care

et and

molestam.
troublesome.

Nomen
The name
in
in

atriusque
of-each
(of you)

consedit
settled-down

(yourl

262
qusestura.
quasstorship,

ORATIO PRO

L.

MURENA,
Enini
sors
chance

dedit
gav

(and was not heard out of

it).

For

vobis
you
(both)

nullum campum, in quo

no
field,

virtus posset
might

in

which (your) virtue

excurrere que
ccme-forth

cognosci.
itself)

Spatium temporis
The space
of-time

and (make

be-known.

reliqui,
remaining,
(after the quaestorship

vocatur
was passed),
is

in
into

called

contentionem.
contest.
4

Tractatum est
It-was-managed

dissiniillim&
in-a-very-different

ratione
manner

ab utroque.
by
9.
each.

Servius
Servius

secutus est,
followed,

hie
nere

cum
with

nobis,
us,

hane
this

urbanam militiam respondendi,

city

scribendi,
(legal questions),

warfare

of-answering

of-writing,

cavendi,
of-giving-legal-caution-and-advice,

plenam
full

sollieitudinis
of-solicitude

ae
and
;
;

stomachi
chagrin;

didicit
he-studied

civile
the civil

jus

law:

vigilavit he- watched

multum
much

fuit prsesto multis ; he-laboured; he-was present for-many

laboravit

[he

was
;

to

be seen by

all;]

perpessus est
he-suffered-much (from)

stultitiam
the folly

multorum
of-many;

pertulit
he-bore
:

(with)

arrogantiam
arrogance;

exsorbuit
he-overcame

difficultatem
difficulties:

vixit
he-lived

ad
nt

arbitrium
the will

aliorum,
of-others,

non
not

ad
at

suum.
his-own.

Magna
(There
is)

great

iaus,
praise,

et and

grata hominibus,
(a thing) pleasing

unum hominem
(that)

to-men,

one
sit

man

elaborare,
ehould-labour,

in
in

ea
that

scientist,
science,

quae

profutura

which may-be advantageous

multis.
to-many.

Quid
What
(was)

Murena
Murena

interea?
(doing) in-the-mean-time
?

Euit
He-was

legatus
a lieutenant

L. Lucullo,
to L. Lucullus,

fortissimo
a most-brave

et and

sapientissimo
most-wise

viro, man,

summo
(and) great

imperatori;
commander;

in
in

qua
which

legatione
lieutenancy

ORATIO PRO
duxit
he-cominanded

L.

MURENA.
signa
the standards
;

263

exercitum
an army
j

contulit
he-brought-together

[he

conseruit
engaged
in battle
;]

manum
hand; [he fought hand
to

he-joined

hand J

fudit
he-routed

magnas
great
vi,
by-force,

copias
forces

hostium
;

;
;

cepit

urbes
obiit

of-the-eneiny

he-took (several) towne

partirn
partly

partim obsidione
partly

sic
'he so

istam
this

by-besieging;

'traversed

Asiam
Asia

refertani,
filled

(with luxuries),

et and

eandem
that-same (so)

delicatam,
voluptuous,

ut
that

reliquerit in ea,
he-left
;

neque vestigium
neither

avaritiae,
of-avarice,

neque
nor

in

it,

a trace

luxurise
of-luxury;

in
in

maximo
a-very-great

sic versatus est, bello ut war 'he-was so 'employed, that

hie
he

gesserit
performed

multas
many

et and

magnas
great

res,
exploits,

sine
without

imperatore,
hoc.
him.

imperator
commander
hsec,
(performed)

nullam
none

sine
without

the commander, (but) the

Atque
And
(as)

loquar

quanquam L. Lucullo
L. Lucullus

I-mention these-things, notwithstanding

proesente,
being present,

tamen,
yet,

ne videamur,
(that)

propter
on-account-of

'we-may not

'seem,

nostrum
our

periculum,
danger,

habere
to-have

licentiam
a license

fingendi
of fiction

3oncessam
granted
(to us)

ab ipso,
by himself,

omnia sunt testata

all

publicis
by-the-public

are

verified

Uteris

;
;

quibus
in-which

L. Lucullus
L. Lucullus

impertit
imparts

despatches (of that commander)

tantum
80-much

laudis,
of-praise,

quantum neque ambitiosus, neque

as

neither

an ambitious,
alteri
t-another

nor

invidus
envious

imperator
commander

debuit
ought

tribuere
to-have-granted

in
in

communicanda
participating
(his)

gloriS,.
glory.

Est

summa
quam

honestas,
honesty,

There-is the greatest

summa
he greatest

dignitas
dignity

in
in

utroque
each-one
(of you);

ego
I

si
if

which

liceat
it-is-allowed

mihi per Servium,

to-

ponam
will-place

in
in

pari
tf\-like

atque
and

ne

by

Servius,

264

ORATIO PRO
laude.

L.

MURENA.
non
'it-is

eadem
militarem
military

Sed
But

licet.

Agitat

in-the-same (degree of) praise.

not

allowed. He-agitates
;

rem

insectatur
he-attacks

totam hanc legationem

all

affairs;

this

lieutenancy

putat
(ofMurena); he-thinks,
(that)

consulatum esse
the consulship
is

(an

office

requiring)

as3iduitatis,
industry,

et and

harum
these

quotidianarum
daily

operarum.
labours.

Inquit,
He-says,

"mihi
"were-you

fueris
not

tot so-many

annos apud exercitum?

years
?

with

the

army

non
did-you
ever
?

attigeris
'set-foot
(in)

forum
venris,

tamdiu
'were-you (not)
so-long

the forum?

abfueris
absent?

et and

cum
when

longo
along

intervallo,
space-of-time,

you-return, (after)
iis,

contendas
foro,
the-forum,

cum

will-you-contend with

those,

qui who (may be

habitarunt in
said to)

dwell

in

de
about

dignitate ?"
dignity

Primum
First
(as respects)

(and merit) ?"

ista
this

nostra
our

assiduitas,
assiduity,

Servi,

nescis

quantum
how-much

Servius, you-know-not

fastidii
disgust

interdum
'it

afferat
'occasions

hominibus,
men,

quantum
and-how-much

sometimes

satietatis.
satiety.

Expediit
It disembarrassed

(and helped)

mihi me

quidem
indeed

vehemeter,
exceedingly,
(that)

gratiam
the favour
(I

esse
had won by

my

conduct)

was

positam
placed

in
before

oculis.
the eyes
(of

Sed
my
countrymen).

tamen
however

But

superavi
I- overcame

satietatem
the satiety

mei
of-myself, (occasioned by

my frequent

appear

meo
wee), by-my

magno
great

labore,
labour (and exertions),

et tu fortasse and you perhaps

idem
(have done) the-same-thing:

verum
but

tamen
however

desiderium
the desire

obfuisset
^of hearing us, occasioned

nihil
noninjury

by absence),

'might-have-been

atrique
io-either

nostrum.
of-us.

Sed,
But,

hoc
this

omisso,
being-passed over,

ut,
that.

ORATIO PRO

L.

MURENA.

265
studiorum
Studies

/erertamur ad contentionem
we-may-return
to

the contest (and comparison) 'of (our)

atque
(and habits),

artium
'of (our)

qui
to-whom

potest
can 'there-be (any)

and

professions;

dubitari,
'doubt,

quin
rei

ad adipiscendum consulatum,
obtaining

gloria

but-that for

the consulship, /the renown

militaris

of military exploits

afferat may-bring

multo plus
much
more
(of claim thereto, as re-

dignitatis,
Bpects)

quim
(and merit), than
(that)

civilis
of-the-civil

dignity

juris ? law?

Tu
You

vigilas watch

de nocte,
at

ut
that
ille,

respondeas
you-may-give-answers
(and advice)

night,
:

tuis
to-your

consultoribus
clients:

ut
(does the same),
that

perveniat
he-may-arrive

he

mature
early,

cum
with

exercitu,
his

eo,
in that place,

quo
whither

army,

intendit.

gallorum exsuscitat
awakes

te,
you,

he-is-directing-his-march. (The crowing) of-the-cocks

cantus
the sound

buccinarum
of-

ilium.
him.
ille
(in law),

Tu
You

instituis
arrange (the manner

the-trumpets (awakes)

actionem,
of conducting)

instruit
draws-up
(an

a case

he

army

in)

aciem;
order-of-battle
;

tu
you

caves,
take-care,

ne
lest

tui your

consultores
clients

capiantur,
be-taken

ille

ne
et

urbes
towns
scit,

aut
or

(unawares), he,

lest the

the

castra. camps

(may be

Ille
taken).

tenet

He

understands and

knows,

ut how

copise

hostium

the forces of-the-enemy

arceantur
may-be-kept-back (from doing harm),

tu,
you,

ut

aquae pluviae
the rains
ille

how
he

exercitatur
is

fafld inundations,

may

be kept back, from doing harm)

occupied
:

in

propagandis
extending

finibus

;
,

tu in regendis
you
in

the boundaries (of the empire)

regulating

ac
(the boundaries of private estates)
:

nimirum
assuredly

(enim
(for

quod
what

and

23

266
sentio,
I-think,

ORATIO PRO

L.

MURENA.
virtus
militaris
of-military

dicendum

est),

rei
at*

must-be-said),

the excellence

priest at
surpasses (that of)

omnibus
all

ceteris,
others.

10. Haec
(It is) this

peperit
(military
skill,

nomen
a

that)

has-produced

came
glory

Romano
for-the-Roman

populo,
people,

hsee
this (has

9Bternam
produced)
eternal

gloriam

huic
for-this

urbi;
city
;

hsec
this-same
:

coegit

orbem terrarum parere

world
to-obey

has-forced the whole

huic imperio
this

omnes urbanae
all

res,
affairs,

omnia haec nostra

all

empire

city

thes

our

jrseclara
noble

studia,
studies (and pursuits),

et and

haec
this

forensis
forensic

laus
reputation

et and

industria
industry

latent,
lie-

in
under

tutela;
the defence

sheltered,

et and

praesidio
protection

bellicae virtutis.
of warlike
virtue.

Atque
And

simul
as-soon-as

suspicio
a suspicion

tumultus
of-a-tumult

increpuit,
is

reported,

illico nostrae artes our arts immediately (of eloquence and pleading)

conticescunt.
become
silent.

Et quoniam
And
soience

videris mini osculari

you-seem
to-me
to-kiss

istam
(and fondle)
this

because

scientiam

juris,
of-the-law,

tanquam
as-if
(it

tuam
were)

filiolam,
little-daughter,

your

non patiar
*I-will not

buffer

te you

versari
to-be

in
under

tanto
so-great

errore,
an
error,

ut
that

arbitrere
you-should-think

istud, nescio I-know this,

quid,
(not)

quod

didicisti

what, which you-have-learned

tanto
judicavi
'udged

opere, esse aliquid praeclarum.

to-be something

Ego semper
I

with-so-much labour,

eminent.

always

te you

dignissimum
most-worthy

consulatu,
of-the- consulship,

et and

omni
of-every

honore,
honour,
justitifi,
'ustice,

aliis by-othe r

virtutibus,
virtues,

continentia,
'by (your) Moderation,

gravitate,
gravity,

fide,
good-faith, (and)

omnibus
bj-all

ceteris
(your)

other (virtues).

I-will

ORATIO PRO

L.

MURENA.

267

Non quidem
not

dicam,

indeed

civile jus, quod didicisti ^ay, (that) because you-have-learned the civil law.

perdidisti
you-have-lost
(your)

operam
labour;

sed
but

dicam
I-will-say

illud,
this,

(that)

esse,
thereis,

in
in

illS
that

disciplina, knowledge

nullaM
(of the civil law),
n?

munitam viam ad consulatum.

cure

Enim omnes
For
all

artes,
the arte

way
conciliant
conciliate

to

the consulship.

quae
which

studia
the good-will

Romani
of-the-Roman

populi
people

nobis,
to-us,

debent
ought

habere,
to-have,

et
both

admirabilem
an admirable

dignitatem,
dignity,

et and

pergratum utilitatem.
very-agreeable
usefulness.

11.

Summa
The highest

dignitas
dignity

est,

in
in

iis,

(and esteem)
;

is,

those,

qui who

antecellunt
excel

militari
in-military

laude

enim
for

omnia
all-things

quae
which

suot
ar

renown;

in imperio,
in

the empire, (or connected with

it),

et in statu and in the state (and condition)

civitatis, putantur defendi firmari ab et of-the-government, are-considered to-be-defended and strengthened by

iis

etiam
;

summa
the greatest

utilitas
usefulness (in them)
j

siquidem
since

them

(there

is)

also

eorum
^y-their

consilio,
Counsel,

et and

periculo
the dangers (they incur),

possumus
we-can

perfrui,
enjoy,

cum
as- well

respublica,
the republic,

turn
as

etiam nostris
also

our

(private)

rebus.
property.

Etiam
Also

ilia
that

facultas
talent

dicendi
of-speaking

est
is

gravis,

et

important, and

plena dignitatis, quae saepe

full

valuit

in deligendo
eleoting

of-dignity,

which often

has- availed (much) in

consule,
a consul,

posse
to-be-able

permovere consilio atque oratione,

to-move

by counsel

and

oratory,

mentes,
the minds,

et

senatus,
res.
affairs.

both of-the-senate,

et populi, et and of-the-people, and

eorum, qui
of-those,

whj

judicant
J'cdge
(

Consul quaeritur, qui,

A consul
is-required,

and decide)

who, (by his eloquenet*

::

26S
dicendo,
in-speaking,

0RATI0 PRO

L.

MTJRENA.

nonnunquam
'may
sometimes

comprimat
'repross

tribunicios
tribunician

furores, qui flectat con citatum populum, qui resistat excesses, who may-sway the excited people, resists, who
largitioni.
(and opposes himself against)
bribery-and-corruption.
(It is)

Non
not

mirum,
strange,

si
if

ob
on-account-of

hanc facultatem
this
talent, (that)

homines,
men, (who were)

non
not

nobiles,
noble,

saepe
often

consecuti sunt
have-obtained

consulatum
the consulship

prsesertim
especially

cum
when

haec
this

eadem
same

res
thing

pariat
procures

plurimas many

gratias,
favours,

firmissimas amicitias,
the firmest

maxima
est
there-is

(and great influence),

friendships, the greatest

studia,
zeal,

Quorum,
Of-which,

Sulpici,
Sulpicius,

(and good feeling towards us).

nihil,
nothing,

in
in

isto
this

vestro
your

artificio.
profession.

Primum,
In-the-first-place,

quae
what

dignitas
dignity

potest esse
can-there-be

in
in

tarn
so

tenui
slender

scientia
a science

?
?

Enim
For

sunt
they-are

parvse
small

res,
affairs,

prope
nearly

occupatse
taken-up

in
with

singulis
single

literis,
letters,

atque
and

interpunctionibus
the punctuation
si,
if,

verborum.
of-words.

Deinde,
In-the-next-place,

etiam
even

apud nostros majores,

among
our
ancestors,

fuit
there-was

quid
any-thing

admirationis in isto studio,

of-admiration
in
this

id,
(of yours),
it,

vestris
your

study

mysteriis
mysteries

enuntiatis,
being-revealed,

est
is

totum
altogether

con temp turn

despised

et and

abjectum.
degraded.

Pauci quondam sciebant,

Few
formerly

posset
(whether)
it-might

knew,

agi

lege, necne.
or-not.

Enim
[Whether they might go
to law, or not.]

be-done by-law,

For

vulgo
generally (the people)

habebant
had

non
no

fastos.
calender.

Qui
(Those)

who

consulebantur erant
were-consulted

in
in

magna
great

potential:
power:

a
from

were

quibus whom

ORATIO PRO
etiam
also

L.

MURENA.
tanquam
as

269
a
by

dies
days (of consultation)

petebantur,
were requested,

Chaldseis.
the Chaldaean-astrologers.

Quidam
A
certain

scriba
scribe (or writer)

inventus

est, was-found,

Cn. Flavius,
Cn. Flavius (by name),

confixerit qui oculos cornicum, who might-have-pierced the eyes of crows,

et and

proposuerit
(who)
exposed

[who could deceive the eunning

ones,]

populo
to the people

fastos
a calender

ediscendos
to-be-learned

singulis
for-each

diebus,
day,

et and

compilarit,
(thus)
pilfered,

ab
from

cautis
the subtle

jureconsultis
lawyers
illi

ipsis,
themselves,

eorum
their-own

sapientiam.
science.

Itaque
Therefore

they [the lawyers]

irati, enraged,

quod
because

veriti sunt,
they were afraid

ne,
lest,

ratione

dierum
posset
agi
go

the order of-the-days (for going to law),

pervulgatfi,

et

cognita,
known,
(that people)

lege,
to-law,

being-published and

might

sine

sua
notas,

opera, ut
that

composuerunt
they composed

quasdam
(and invented)
certain

without their assistance,

ipsi
they
l

interessent
might (necessarily)
*be-present

in
in

(legal) forms,

omnibus rebus.
all
affairs.

12.

Cum
When

hoc
this

posset

fieri

bellissime.
very-well,

may
farm

have-been-done

" Sabinus fundus

(as thus)
:

est
is

meus

;"

"immo
" indeed
(it is)

" The Sabine

mine ;"

meus;"
mine;"
(rejoins the opponent);

deinde judicium:
then

judgment

(is

given)

(the

noluerunt.
lawyers)

Inquit
(agree to this

would not

mode

of procedure).

Says-one,

"fundus, qui
"the farm,
which
satis. enough.

est in
is

agro,

qui vocatur Sabinus/'

is-called

in

the country, which

;

the Sabine."

Verbose
Verbosely

Cedo, quid postea

Well,

Ego
I

aio
say

eum
that (farm;

what

next;

esse
Is

meum,
mine,

ex

jure

Quiritium."

Quid turn?
What
then?

according to the-law of-the-Roinans."

23*

270
"

ORATIO PRO
voco
call

L.

MURENA,
ibi
that-place-there,

Ego

"I
with-me."

te you

ex jure,
out-of-court,

inde
from

maun
to-contend

consertum."

Ille,

unde
when

petebatur,
it-was-demanded, [the defendant]

He,

habebat non, quid

had
not,

responderet

huic,
to-this-one,

tam
so

what (wherewith) he-might-reply

loquaciter litigioso.
verbosely
litigious.

Idem jureconsultus
The-same
lawyer

transit
(now) crosses-over,

modo
"unde
'*

Latini tibicinis: inquit:

tu
you

fn-the-manner of-a-Latin flute-player; and-says: (frorn-that-place-there),

vocasti
called

me
me

ex jure
out of court,

manu
to

consertum,
(me),

whence

contend with

inde
from

ibi thence

ego
I

revoco
(now)
call

te."
you."

Interea,
In-the-mean-time,

ne
lest

Praetor
the Praetor

putaret
should-think

se
himself
(to be)

pulchrum
an excellent

ac
and

beatum,
lucky
(person), [should

atque
have too good an opinion of himself],

and

ipse
should
himself

loqueretur
*say

aliquid
something

sua
of-his-own

sponte,
accord,

carmen
a set-form-of-words

compositum
is-composed

est

ei

quoque
also,

cum
when
illo,
this.

for-him

absurdum
absurd

ceteris
in-other

rebus,
things,

turn
so

vero
indeed

m
in
(that)

" Utrisque,
" To-each,

suis
their

superstitious,
witnesses-being-present,

dico,
I-say,

istam
this

viam,
(is)

inite
proceed

viam,"
on-the-way,"

ille
that

sapiens
wise (laVyer)

the way,

aderat
was-present

prsesto,
at-hand,

qui who

doceret
might-show

iniro
(how) to-proceed

viam.
on-the-way.

"Redite
" Return

viam."
on-the-road. ,J

Redibant
turn
even

eodem
lidebantur
appeared

They-returned with-the-same

duce.
leader.

Credo

haec,

jam
then,

I-believe (that) these-things,

ridicula
ridiculous,

apud
among

illos those

barbatos
bearded
(personages)
:

homines,
(tl #.)

men,

cum
when

constitissent
they-had-placed
(themselves)

recte,
properly,

atque
and

1
in

ORATIO PRO
loco,

L.

MURENA.
ut

271
statim

jaberet

abire

a place, shd uld-be-ordered

to-go-away; that

they might immediately

redirent
return

eodem,
to-the-same-place,

unde
whence

abissent.
they-had-gone.

Omnia
All

ilia
these (legal forms)

fucata sunt
are-tainted

iisdem
with-these-same

ineptiis.
follies.

" Quando "When " Aune

" Or*dc

conspicio
I-behold

te you

in
in

jure?"
law,"

et and

haec:
these.

tu
you

dicis
*say
(this for

vindicaveris
appearance) or have you sustained

causa?"
the cause?"

quae
which

dum
while

occulta erant,
they-were-kept-secret;
(those)

qui who

tenebant
held

ea
those
(secrets)

necessario
were
necessarily

petebantur
sought-for,

ab
by

cis
those, (having law suits):

vero
but

postea
afterwards

pervulgata,
having-been-divulged,

atque
and

jactata
thrown
(about)

in
in

manibus
hands,

[and well handled]

et and

exeussa,
examined,

reperta sunt
they-were-found
(to be)

inanissima
most-devoid
stultitiae.
folly.

prudentiae,
of-sense

autem
but

plenissima
very -full

fraudis
of- fraud

et and

Nam cum
For

when

permulta
very-many
things

praeclare
*were

constituta

essent

admirably

Established

legibus,
by-the-laws,
J

ea
they-were

pleraque
mostly

corrupta

sunt

ao
and

Corrupted

depravata
depraved

ingeniis
by-the-ingenuity

jureconsultorum.
of-the-lawyers.

Omnes
Al]

mulieres, women,

propter
on-account-of

infirmitatem
the weakness
r

consilii,
of (their)

judgment,

majores
(our)

voluerunt
resolved

esse
should-be

potestate
in-the-power

tutorum:
cf- guardians

ancestors

hi
ihege (lawyers)

invenerunt
found-out

genera
classes

tutorum,
of-guardians,

quae
which
(clashes)

coEtinerentur

potestate

mulierum.
of-the-women.

Illi

might-be contained (or held) in-the-power

They

noluerunt
Jour ancestors)

sacra
the sacred-family -rites

interire
to-die-out

did-not-wish

272
ingenio
i>y-the-ingenuity

ORATIO PRO

L.

MURENA.
senes

horum
of-these

(lawyers)

old-men,

(who had no

children.)

reperti sunt
were-found

ad
fcr

faciendas
making
(fictitious)

coemptiones,
purchases
(of the

causfi, family estates), for-the-purpose

interimendorum
of destroying

sacrorum.
the-sacred-rites,

Denique, in omni
(entailed

civili
the civil

jure
law

on such

estates).

In -fine,

in

all

reliquerunt
they [the lawyers]

aequitatem,
equity,

abandoned

(and the

spirit of the

tenuerunt
laws),

verba
(literally to) the

ipsa:
:

ut,
as

(and only)

held-on,

words themselves

quia
(for instance),

in
in

because

libris alicujus, the books of-some-lawyer,

invenerant
they-had-found

id
that

nomen,
name

causa

exempli,
facerent

putarunt
they -thought

(Caia), by-reason (of giving an) example,

omnes mulieres, quae

(that)
all

women,

who

might-contract (matrimony by the

eoemptionem,
ceremony
illud
that
of)

vocari
were called

Caias.
Caia.

Jam quidem
Yet
indeed

co-emption,

solet
used

videri
to-seem

mihi
to-me

mirum,
strange,
(that)

tot tarn so-many (and) so

ingeniosos,
ingenious-persons,

per
through

tot so-many

annos
years,

etiam
(and)

nunc
now
dici
be-said

even

potuisse
would

non
not

statuere,
determine,

utrum
whether

oporteret
it-might-best

tertium
the third

diem,
day,

an
or

perendinum:
the-day-after-to-morrow
:

judicem,
judge,

an
or

arbitrum;
arbiter

rem,

un
(ut

litem.
the suit.

the action, or

13.

Itaque
Therefore

dixi)

nunquam
never

(as I-have-said), there

fuit was (any)

consularis
consular

dignitas
dignity,

in
in

ista
this

scientia;
science
;

quae

tota

which altogether

constaret
consists

ex
o'

fictis
fictitious

que
and

commenticiis
imaginary

rebus
things
;
.

(an

\.

vero
ertainly

multo
much

minores
fewer

gratiae.
favours (can be obtained by

Enim
it).

Foi

ORATIO PRO

L.

MURENA.
est
is

273

quod
that-which

patet
is-open

omnibus,
to-all,

et and

seque
equally

promptum
free

mihi
to-me

et and

meo
to-

adversario,
adversary,

id
it

potest
can

nullo
in-no

pacto
manner,

my
esse
to-be

gratum.
a favour.

Itaque
Therefore

jam
'you-have

(be considered)

now

perdidistis
x

non
not

modo
only

spem
the hope

collocandi
of-conferring

lost

beneficii, a benefit,

sed
but

etiam
also

illud
that
(consideration)

quod
which

aliquandiu
'you for-a-certain-tima

fait

"
potest
can

licet

consulere."
to consult (you)/'

'had, (of being respectfully asked) "is-it-allowed (me)

Nemo
No
efi

existimari
be-considered

sapiens
wise,

in
(who
is

one

only skilled)

in

prudentia,
knowledge,

quae
which

neque
neither

valet
is-worth

quidquam
any-thing

extra
without

that

Romam
Rome
latis.
the-courts.

usquam,
any-where,

neque
nor

Romae,
in

rebus
haberi

pro-

Rome,

during-the-vacation-of-

Nemo
No-one

potest
can

ideo

peritus,
skilled,

therefore be-considered

quod
(above other, in the
civil

in
in

eo,
that

quod omnes
which
all

law),

because

sciunt,

possunt
(equally well),

nullo
in

modo
wise

di-screpare
differ

know

they-can

no

inter se. among themselves.

difficilis,
difficult,

Autem
But

res
a thing Hs

non
not

ideo
therefore

putatur
'thought

quod
because

continetur,
it-is-contained,

et
both

per
in

paucis
a few
si
if

et and

minime
by-no-means

obscuris
obscure

Uteris.
writings.

Itaque
Therefore

moveritis
you-excita

mihi,
me,

homini
a

vehementer
excessively

occupato,
occupied,
(to)

stomachum,
anger,

man

triduo
in-three-days

profitebor
I-will-profess

me
myself

esse
to-be

jureconsultum.
a lawyer.

Etenim,
For
(those things)

quae
which

aguntur
are transacted

de
by

scripto,
writing,

Bunt
lave

omnia
all

scripta;
(their) written

neque
nor

est
is

tamen
there
indee-l

forms

; ;

274

0RATI0 PRO
scriptum
written

L.

MURENA.
anguste,
abbreviatedly,

quidquam
any-thing,

tarn
so

quo
that

ego
I

possim
can

non
not

addere,
add,

"de

qua

re

agitur;"
is-it-the-question ;"

"about what thing

autem
but

quae
periculo.
risk.

consuluntur
Si
If

respondents
are-answered
id,
that,

thosc-things (about which) advice-is-asked,

minimo
with-very-little

responderis
you-answer

quod
which

oportet
is-right;

videare
you-may-seem

respondisse
to-have-answered

idem,
the same,

quod
that

.Servius
Servius

sin
(would)
;

aliter
otherwise;

videare
you-may-seem

etiam
also

but-if

nosse

et tractare to-know, and (how) to-handle

controversum jus.
the controversial
law.

Quapropter
Wherefore

non
not

solum
only

est
is

ilia
that

militaris
military

gloria
renown

anteponenda
to-be-preferred

vestris
to-your
(legal)

formulis
forms

atque
and

actionibus,
actions,

verum etiam
but
also

consuetudo
the habit

dicendi
of speaking,

longe
far

et and

multum
much

antecellit
excels

isti
this

vestraa
your

exereitationi,
practice
(of the law),

ad
for

(obtaining)

honorem.
the honour (ofoffiee).

Itaque
Therefore

plerique many

videntur
seem

mihi,
to

me,

initio in-the-commencement (of their public

multo maluisse
life)

Ho-have much

preferred

hoc
this

post,
(practice of eloquence)
:

cum
when

potuissent
they-could

non
not

afterwards,

assequi
pucceed-in

id,
it,

potissimum
*they-have

delapsi

sunt
aiunt

mostly

fallen-back

istuc.
there-where-you-are,
(to

Ut
the practice
of the
law).

As

they say

in
respecting

Grsecis
Greek

artificibus,
musicians,
(that)

eos
those

esse
are

auloedos,
flute-players

qui who
^e-see

potuerint
could

non
not

fieri

citharoedi
players-on-the-harp
:

sic
thus

become

videmus

nonnullos,
some,

qui who

potuerunt
could

non
not

evadere
become

ORATIO PRO
oratores,
orators,

L.

MURENA
ad
to

275
juris.
of-the-law

eos

devenire

studium
the study

(that) they betake-themselves

Magnus
Great
^is)

labor
the labour,
(in

dicendi.
acquiring eminence, in public)
speaking,

magna
great
(is)

res,
the thing (itself),

magna
great
(its)

dignitas,
dignity,

autew
but

summa
great
(is)

gratia.
the favour, (and influence connected with
it).

Etenim
For

a
from

vobis
you
(lawyers)

qusedam
a certain
iis,

salubritas
(degree of)
health
[safety]

petitur,
is

ab

sought, (but) from

those,

qui who

dicunt,
plead

salus
[from the orators] safety

ipsa.
itself
(is

Deinde
sought).

vestra
your

responsa
answers

atque
and

Next

decreta
decisions
are,

et
both

ssepe
often

evertuntur
overturned

dicendo,

et

sine

by-eloquence, and without

defensione
the defence

oratoris

possunt

non esse
not
si

of-the-orators they-could

be (established on a)

firma;
firm
(basis)
;

in
in

qua,
which
(art of oratory),

satis

if

^-had-made

sufficient

proecissem
progress

dicerem
dico
I-say

parcius

de
iis,

ejus
its

(myself) I-might-have-spoken more-sparingly of

laude
praise

nunc
now

nihil
nothing

de
of

me,
myself,

sed
but

de

of those,

qui who

sunt,
are,

aut
or

fuerunt magni
were
great

dicendo,
in-speaking.

14. Sunt
There are

duse

artes, quae two professions, which

possunt locare homines

can
place

men

in
in

amplissimo
the-most-exalted

gradu dignitatis
degree
of-dignity (and consideration)
;

una
the one

imperatoris
(thai)

altera

boni

oratoris.
orator.
;

Enim
For

of-a-commander, the other (that) of-a-good

ab hoc
hj
pericula

ornamenta pacis retinentur

belli

ab
by

this (last), the

ornaments of-peace are-preserved;

illo the former,

repelluntur.
are-repelled.

Tamen
However

ceterse
other

virtutea
virtues

the dangers of-war

ipsse
faad merits) themselves

valent
avail

multum per
much

se,

justitia,

of themselves, as justice^

276
fides,
good-faith,

ORATIO PRO
pudor,
modesty,
te, you,

L.

MuKBNa.
quibus,
in which,

temperantia;
temperance

onmei
all

intelligunt
know,
(that)

Servi,
Servius,

excellere:
excel:

sed
but

nunc
now

dispute
I-am- arguing

,de
of
(those)

studiis
pursuits

dispositis
disposed,

(and calculate 1)
insitS
the innate

ad
for

honorem,
(obtaining)

non
office),

de
of

virtute
virtue

the honour (of

not

cujusque.
of-each-one.

Omnia
All

ista
these

studia
pursuits

nobis
for-us

excutiuntur
are-dashed

de

manibus,
hands,

simul
as-soon

atque
as

from (our)

aliquis any

novus
new

motus
movement

(or

coepit commotion) begins

canere
to-sound

bellicum.
the warlike
(signal).

Eteniin,
For,

ut
as

ingeniosus
an-ingenious

poeta,
poet,

et valde and very

bonus
excellent

auctor
writer

ait,
says,

proeliis
battles

promulgatis,
ista
this

"pellitur

medio,"
among-us,"

non
not

being-announced, " there-is-driven from

solum
only

vestra verbosa
your
verbose

simulatio
imitation

prudentise, sed
of-prudenee,
;

but

etiam
also

ilia that

domina ipsa
mistress herself *of

rerum, " sapientia

(all)

res

Hhings,

"wisdom;

everything

geritur
is-done

vi

orator
the orator

spernitur,"
is-despised,"

non
not

solum
only

by-violence;

odiosus
the disagreeable-one

in
in

dicendo,
speaking,

ac
and

loquax,

verum
vero
indeed

the wordy-one, but-indeed

etiam
also

" bonus;
" the good-one
;

horridus
the rough

miles
soldier

amatm*;"
is-belove<l ;"

totum
all

vestrum
your

studium
pursuits

jacet.
lie-neglected.

Inquit,

He

says,

(men)

" repetunt
"redress
(their)

rem,
affairs,

non ex jure manu con^ertum,

not

by

a process of
si
if

law,

sed
but

mage

ferro."

Quod
"Which

est
it-is

ita,
so,

Bulpici,
Suipicius,

rather by-the-sword."

forum
the forum

cedat
must-yield

castris,
to-the-camp,

otium
tranquillity

militiae,
to-war,

stilus
the pen

gladio,
lo-the-sword,

umbra
the shady
(retreat to exposure)

soli;
to-the-sun
;

denique,
ih-fint*

0RATI0 PRO
ea
that

L.

MURENA.
propter
through

%
which

res
thing

sit
is

prima
the
first

in civitate,
in

quam cmtaa
&4
state

a state,

ipsa est princeps

itself
is

omnium.
of-all

Verum Cato
But
Cato (endeavours
to;

the chief

(states).

demonstrat
show,
(that)

nos facere nimium

we
;

magna
great
(an affair of this)

make
et
and,
(that

too

nostris
by-our

verbis

oblitos esse,
we)
have-forgotto*i,
(that)

omne
all

discourse;

illud
that

Mithridaticum
Mithridatic

bellum
war

gestum esse
was-waged,
(as it were)

cum
with

mulierculis. women.

Quod
Which

ego
I

existimo,
believe {to b*),

judices,
judges,

longe
far

secus

que

de

eo
this

disseram pauca
I-will-say

otherwise:

and about

something; (and but

enim
little),

neque
neither
*is

causa
(my)
cause
(prcpt^ly)

continetur
'contained

for

in hoc.
in
this.

Nam,
For,

si
if

omnia
all

bella,
the wars,

quae
sunt,
despised,

gep^imus,

cum
with

which we-kave- carried on

Grsecis,
the Greeks,

contemnenda
are-to-be

triumphus
(then)
;
x

let

the triumph

M.
of

Curii de rege M. Curii over king

Pyrrho derideatur
Pyrrhus

F. Flaminini
Flamininus

'be derided; (that) of F.

de
over

Philippo
Philip;
(that)

M.
of

Fulvii

de
over

JEtolis
the iEtolians; (that)

M. Fulvius

L. Paulli
of L. Paullus

de
over

rege
king

Perse
Perses;
(that)

Q. Metelli
of Q. Metelli

de
over

Pseudophilippo
the false Philip
;

L.
(that)

Mummii
Mummius

de
over

Corinthis
the Corinthians
j

of L.

sin
but-if

hsec
these

bella
wars

fuerunt
were

gravissima,
very-important,

que
and

victori
the victories

eorum bellorum
f-these

gratissimge
most-acceptable (to us)
,*

wars (were)

cur why

Asiaticae
r

are the Asiatic

nationes, atque
nations,

ille that

and

hostis enemy

contemnitur
(Mithridates)
'despised

a
by

te ? you ?

Atqui video ex monumentis veterum

But
I-see,

rerum
tra^^ctioni

from

the records

of-ancient

24

'27 S

ORATIO PRO

L.

MUKEKA.
vel
indeed

Komanum the ui
7.

populum
people
:

gessisse,
.

maximum
a-v

::.

bellum
^;.:

cum Antioeho
with

L. Scipio
1
Scij

victor

cuius belli
fratre,

Antioehus

U
ille,

partita
shared

gloria
the glory

cum
thereof

Publico
Pablieas
his

with

brother,

Africa
.

oppressa.
being-conquer f
3
,

ferebat
fc

proe
k efc re

se,
himself,

.".

-;

AG

rB

quam laudem, eognomine

this

ipso.
itself
:"
::

hie
AJrieaurae
.

renown,

by-the-surname

this

1 5;ipio)

assumpsit
assumed

eandem
bello
war

sibi

ex
from

nomine Aske.
the

the-same (renown] to-hiniself

name

of-Asia.

In
In

quo
which

quideni,

egregia
the rare

virtus
virtue
ille,
he,

M. Catonis
of

M. C

tui
-.-..:
;

proavi
grea
ther

enituit

;
:

quo
and-aa

cum

^sset,

shone-forth

when he-might-be,
te esse. you to-be,
si

ut ego
as
I

statuo

mihi,

talis,

qualem video
as

set-it-down to myself] the same,

I-see

nun quam
never

profectus esset,
'have-gone
(to that

ws:

if

arbitraretur
be

bellandum esse cum mulierculis.

ifc-was-to-nght

Xeque
Nei

ight

~::_

women.

vero.

cum
when

senatus
the senate

egisset
had-arranged-with

P. Africano,
P. Africanus,

ut
that

proficisceretur
he-wonld-gc
is

legatus
lieutenant
::

fratri
his
Tb

cum
Italia,
Italy,

ipse,
he,

paullo
a
little

.:her;when

ante,
before,

Hanibale
Hannibal

expulso
beiBg^drrren

ex
from

ejecto
ejected

ex
from

Africa,

Carthagine oppressa, liberasset rempublicam

age

eonquered,

had delivered

the republic

maximis
-

periculis,
Lest

nisi
unless

putaretur
it-was-thought
(that)

illud
that

laagers,

bellum
was
.

grave
serious

et
and

vehemens.
consideraris
you-conaider

15.

Atqui

si
if

diligenter,
carefully,

quid
what

Mithridates
Ifithridatiffl

potuerit.
_.,:;-:-v,.;;:e,

et and

quid
what

effecerit, efc he-accomplished, an4

0KATI0 PEO
qui
what (Kind
of],

L.

MURENA.

279

vir
a

fuerit,

nimiruni antepones hunc

l

man

he-was, 'you-will assuredly

prefer

this

regem,
king,

omnibus
to-all

regibus,
the kings,

cum
with

quibus whom

Romanug
the

Roman
rudfl

populus
people

gessit have-waged

bellum
war;

quern, L. Sulla, whom, L. Sylla,

non rudis
no

imperator,
(or inexperienced)

ut
that

dicam
I-may-say

nihil
nothing

aliud,
else,

commander,
et

maximo

fortissimo
very-powerful

exercitu,
army,

excitatum
having-excited-him

w:th-a-very-large and

pugna,
(by a lost)
battle,

invectum

bello in

totam
all

and) having-attacked (him) by-war in

Asiam,
Asia,

dimisit
left

cum
(him)
in

pace

peace;

quern whom

L. Murena,
L.

Murena,

pater
the father

hujusce
of this

vehementissime
(Murena)

que
and

having most-violently

vigilantissime vexatum,
vigilantly

reliquit,
left,

ex
for the

magna
great

parte
part

harassed,

repressum,
cheeked,

non oppressum
reduced;

qui rex
this

sumptis aliquot
some
et and

(but) not

king, having-taken

annis
years

sibi,
to-himself,

ad confirmandas
to

rationes
affairs

copias,
forces,

strengthen

(his)

ipse
he

tantum
so

invaluit,
re-established
(himself),

opibus
'by (his) Resources

que
and

conatu,
efforts,

ut
that

putaret
copias
the forces

se

conjuncturum
might-unite

Oceanum
the Ocean

he-thought, (that) he

cum
with

Ponto,
the Black Sea,

Sertorii
of-Sertorius
(in

cum
Spain) with

suis.
his-own.

Ad
To

quod
which
ita,

bellum,
war,

duobus
two

consulibus
consuls

missis,
being-sent,

ut
that,

alter
(while)
the one

persequeretur
pursued

in-this-manner,

Mithridatem,
Mithridates,

alter
the other

tueretur
should-defend

Bithynian?
Bithynu
et and

;
;

calamitosse
the calamitous

res
affairs

alterius,
of-one-of-them,

et
both

terra
by-land

man,
sea,

vehementer auxerunt
freatlj

et

opes

et

nomen

regis
of-the-king?

increased

both the means and renown

280

ORATIO PRO

L.

MURENA.
L. Luculli,
ut

vero tantae exstiterunt

but
so-great

res

nequc
neither

were

the exploits of-L. Lucullus, that

majus
a greater

bellum
war

possit
can

commemorari,
be-mentioned,

neque
nor

gestum
one-waged

majore
with-more (wise)

consilio
counsel

et virtute. and valour.

Nam cum
For

impetus
the force

when

totius
of-all

belli
the

constitisset
had-centered

ad

moenia
earn

Cyzicenorum,
of-the-Cyzicenians,

war

against the walls

que Mithridates
and
sibi for-him
Mithridates

putasset,
had-thought,
(that)

urbem
town

fore
would-be

that

januam
the door

Asise,
of-Asia,

qua effracta et revulsa, tota which broken-down and destroyed, all

pateret,
(of Asia) would-be-open
(to

provincia
the

omnia
him),
all

(Roman)

province

hsec

perfecta sunt

ab Lucullo
by-Lucullus

ut
that

urbs
the town

these-things were-(so)-accomplished

fidelissimorum
of- the -most- faithful

sociorum
allies

defenderetur,
was- defended,

et and

omnes
all

copise
the forces

regis
of-the-king

consumerentur
were-consumed

diuturnitate
by-the-long-duration

obsessionis.
of-the-siege.

Quid?
What?
Tenedos,

arbitraris,
do-you-think,
(that)

illam
that

navalem
naval

pugnam ad Tenedum, commissam mediocri

battle

certamine,
congest,

at

was-fought

with-a-slight

et and

parva dimicatione, cum

small

classis

hostium,

inflata
inflated

combat,

when

the fleet of-the-enemy,

spe
with-hope

atque
and

animis,
courage,

peteret
sought

Italiam
Italy

contento
with-a-strained

cursu,
(and rapid)
course,

acerrimis
(and)

ducibus

with-most-ardent (and active)

leaders?

Mitto
I omit

proelia;
the battles;

prsetereo
I-pass-over

oppugnationes
the storming

oppidorum.
of-towns

Aliquando tandem, expulsus

When
in-fine,

regno,
a

tamen
ye)

expelled

from

(his)

kingdom,

consilio atque auctoritate, ut, tantum valuit authority, and that did-he-prevail 'by (his) 'counsel o

0RATI0 PRO
adjuncto
having united

L.

MURENA.

281

se
himself

rege
opibus

Armeniorum, renovarit
he-renewed

with-the-king of-the-Armenians,

novis
(the contest)

que
and

copiis.
forces.

with-new resources
si
if

16.

Ac,
And,

mihi
*it-were (necessary)

nunc
now

dicen*to-

for-me

dum
speak,

esset,

de

rebus

gestis

concerning the things performed (by)

nostri exercitug our army

many,
et and

que imperatoris,
aud
general,

possem
I-might

commemorare plurima
relate

maxima
great

proelia.
battles.

Sed
But
l

non
we-are
si
if

agimus
Moing

id.
that,

not

(nor

ia

Dico
it

hoc:
this
:

hoc
this

bellum,
war,

si
if

hie
this

our object).
si
if

I-say
ille
that

hostis, enemy,

rex
king

contemnendus
populus
people

fuisset,

neque
neither

were-to-have-been-despised,

senatus,
l

would the senate,

et and

Romanus
Roman

putasset
'have-thought, (that)

suscipiendum
it-was-to-be-undertaken

tanta
with-so-much

cura,
care,

neque
nor

gessis-

would-they-

tot set have-waged (the war) for-so-many

annos,
years,

neque
nor (would there have

tanta
been)
such-great

gloria
glory
(to)

L.
L.

Lucnlli:
Lucullus;

neque
nor

vero
indeed

Romanus
*would
the

populus,
people,

tanto

studio,

detulisset
'have-offered

Roman

with-such-great zeal,

ad
(and entrusted)
to

Cn.
Cn.

Pompeium
Pompey

curam
the care

conficiendi
of-finishing

ejus
this

belli; war
;

ex
of

omnibus
all

cujus
his

P u g n *s,
(Pompey's)
battles,

qusa
which

Bunt
are
ilia,
that,

innumerabiles,
innumerable,

vel
yet

acerrima
the-most-violent

videtur
seems

mihi
to-ni&

quae
which

commissa

est

cum
with

rege,
the king,
ille

he-engaged-in

et and

pugnata
fought

Bumma
ex
from

contentione.
ardour.

Cum
When
had-fled

eripuisset se

with-the-greatest

he (Mithridates) had-escaped

qua
that

pugna,
battle.

et and

confugisset

Bosporum,

quo

to-the-Bosphorus, whithe?

24*

282
exercitus
an army

ORATIO PRO
posset
could

L.

MURENA.
;
;

non
not

adire
approach

etiam
also

in
in (his)

extremS
extreme

fortuna
fortune

et and

fuga
flight

retinuit
he-retained

tamen
however

regium
the royal

nomen.
name.

Itaque
Therefore

Pompeius
Pompey

ipse

possesso
(of his)

himself having-obtained-possession

regno,

hoste
sedibus,
places

pulso,

ex

omnibus
all

oris,
(his) regions,

kingdom, (and) the enemy

being-driven, from

ac
and

notis known

tamen
(and resorts), however

posuit
he-placed

tantum
so-much

in
(importance) in

anima
the
life

unius,
of-one-man,

ut
that

cum
when
he (Pompey)

possideret
possessed

omnia,
all,

quae
which

ille

tenuerat
(Mithridates) had-possessed

he

adierat
might-have-made-claim-to,
(or)

victorifi speraret might-have-hoped-for by (his) victory

tamen
however
'he did

non
not

judicarit, Hhink

belluin
(that)

confeetum
was-finished,

the war

antequam
before-that

ilium he-had-deprived him

expulit

vita\
of-life.

Tu,
*Do you,

Cato,
Cato,

contemnis hunc hostem,

'despise
this

cum
tot

enemy,

quo, tot imperatores with whom, so-many commanders

gesserunt bella
have-waged
wars

per

annos
years

tot
(and through) so-many

through so-many

proeliis?
battles
?

vita
(and *was not) the
life

cujus
of-hiin

expulsi
'expelled

et and

ejecti
ejected

sestimata est
(from his kingdom)

tanti,
of-so-much-importance,

ut,
that,

esteemed

ejus
his

morte
death

nunciat&,
being-announced,

turn
then

denique
at-length
(only)

arbitraremur
we-thought

bellum
the war

confeetum?
was-finished
?

Igitur
Therefore

in
in

hoc
this

bello,
war,

defendimus
we-maintain
(that)

L.
L.

Murenam,
Murena,
(as a)

legatum
lieutenant

cognitum esse
was-known
consilii
counsel
(as

fortissimi
a

animi
;
j

summi
of-the-greates1

man

of) of-the-greatest courage

maximi
(and
skill,

laboris

and

also) of-the-greatest industry

et and

hanc
(that)
th*f

ORATIO PRO
ejus
his

L.

MURENA.

283

operam
ad

habuisse non minus dignitatis

no
less

performance (and services) have

a claim

adipiscendum
obtaining

consulatum,
the consulship,

quaxn
than

(founded on merit)

for

hanc nostram forensem industriam.

this

our

forensic

industry.

17.

"At enim
"But indeed
(as)

in
in

petitione

praeturae

Servius
Serving

the soliciting of-the-prsetorship

renuntiatus est
was-announced

prior."
the first," (or highest on the
list).

Ne
What,

vos
*are

pergitis you proceeding

agere
to-deal

cum populo
with

ex

syngraphS
a bond

the people as-if-on

ut,
(or written contract), so-that,

quern
whatever

locum
place
(or rank)

honoris,
of-honour,

semel
Hhey-may
once

dederit
'have-given

cuipiam,
to-any-one,

eundem
the
?
?

same

(rank)

debeat
they-ought
(to confer

reliquis
on him) in-other

honoribus
honours

Enim
For

(of office)

quod
what

fretum,
strait,

quern
what

Euripum
Euripus

putatis
do-you-think

habere
has

motus, tot so-many movements,

fluctuum,
of
(its)

tantas,

tarn varias agitationes

varied
agitations

so-great, (and) such

ratio

comitiorum
*may
(not)

waves, as the manner (and nature) of-the-comitia

habet
'have

quantas
equally-great

perturbationes et
perturbations

quantos
intermissus,

and equally-great (swellings

sestus ?
and tossings of )
tides?

Unus
A
single

dies
day

having-been-discontinued,

aut nox
or

interposita,

ssepe
often

perturbat
disturbs

omnia;

a night having-been-interposed,

every-thingj

et and

parva
the small

aura
breeze

rumoris
of-rumour

nonnunquam
sometimes

commutat
changes
ulla,

totam
the entire

opinionem.
opinion.
fit

Ssepe
Often

etiam
also

sine
without

apertS
open

any

causfi, eause

aliud,
otherwise,

atque
than

existimamus,
we-supposed

the thing-terminates

ut
(it

nonnunquam etiam populus admiretur

sometimes
even
the people

would), so-that

wonder

284

ORATTC PRO

L MUREHA.
ipse
U ic r-4 ten sefaes
;

factum esse ita: quasi vero

(tha:
it-was- lone
bo:
as-if
ia let 1

noa
'had
not

fecerir.

Nihil
(it).

es;
is

ineert rag

vu!_

Mone
nihil
c::-i-i

Xothing

more-uncerrain (than) the common-people,

scaring
^:;r:-::;;-rr

Yohmt&te
shea

liominum,
of-men,

nihil
nothing

faDachis

ziore-fallacious (than) the

totS whole

ratione
order

eomitiorum.
(and nature)

Quifi
(ani the reswli
::

arbitrates est.
wowld-na
fed. (that)

Bieb elections

Wke

L. Philippum
L.

summo
man
of the

ingenio.
talent,

opera, gratia.
industry,
Iff,

Philippos (a

greatest

fiurovr,

re

posse

(and)

nobility

superari fr; _e
-

a by
man)

Herennio?

M.

Q.

Catulum
Catalan
1

anteeellentem
(a

Who

(thought that)

Q.

ling

humanitare.

sapient

integri:
[and
integrity

a
would be beaten) by

wisdom,

Cn. Mallio
Cz.

?
*

Malfias

quia who (thought

It Scaurum,
that)

hominem
a

M.

Seaurus,

man

gravissimnm.
:er,

egregium
a-nost-excellent

eivem,
citizen,

(and)

-simum
Q.

senatorem
senator,

a
(would be beaten,
at the election,)

by

Maximo
ana?

':

Non modo putatum

Not
only
ita.
s:.

esset

honim
quidem
in^T

was-it-thought

that) of-these-things

fore
L~~.'-.zg

sed

cum
when

esset
it-waa

^:";^-'

:"ri

factum,
:;::,

pctuit
:-::uld

ne
not

quare be-understood, why

intelligi.

factum esset
it-was-done

ita.
so.

Kara
F:r

ut
.=

tempesta:es
storms
coeli,
af-the-beaTens,

siepe
jften

commoventur
:::-:i::::^

aliquo
by-sonw

eertc
rertaia

5:gno
siga

raepe

improvise
suddenly

also]

often 'they-are

concitantnr
*put-in-motion

ex
from

nulla
no
sic.

cert a

ratione,
reason,
r

ex
from

aliqua
some

obscura
ifcutii

causa:
z-i-ise:

in

hac
this

populari

tempestate
Umpeet

OEATIO PRO
comitiorum
of-the-comitia

L,

MURENA.
intelligas,

285
quo
by-what

saepe

signo
sign

^ou-may
sit

often

^now,
saepe

commota
obscura,
obscure,

causa
the cause

est
is

ita
so

it-may -have -been-set-in-motion

(but)

often

ut
that

videatur

excitata esse
si
if

casu.

it-may-seem to-have-been-excited by-chance.

18.
res
things

Sed
But

tamen,
however,

ratio
a reason

reddenda

est, must-be-given,

duae
two

vehementer
were most-particularly

desideratae sunt
wanting,

in
in
(soliciting)

praetura,
the praetorship,

quae
which
:

ambae
both

profuerunt
were-of-advantage

Murenae
to-Murena,

in
in

consulatu

una
nonnullo
by-certain

exspectatio

muneris,
studiis et and by-the-zeal

(soliciting) the consulship: the

one (was) the expectation of-public-shows,

et quae creverat, which had-increased, both

rumore,
rumours,
:

que
and
ii,

sermonibus
conversation
*of (his)

competitorum
Competitors:

altera,
the other,

quod
that

those,

quos whom

habuerat
he-had

in
in

provincial
the province

ac
and
et and

legatione
legation,
(as)

testes
witnesses

omnis,
of-all,

et
both

suae
of-his

liberalitatis
liberality

virtutis,
*of (his)

Virtue,

nondum
*had
not-yet

decesserant.
*left

Fortuna reservavit
Fortune
had-reserved

(the province).

utrumque horum
each

ei

ad
L.
of-L.

petitionem
seeking-for

consulates.
the consulship.

of-them for-him for (his)

Nam
For

et
both

exercitus the army

the

Luculli,
Lucullus,

qui
that

convener at
had-assembled

ad
for

triumphum,
the triumph,

idem
same

fuit was

praesto

comitiis

L.

present at-the-comitia of-L.

Murenae
Murena,
(to assist him in

et

amplissimum
praeturae,

obtaining the consulship); and the most-splendid

munus,
public-shows,

quod
which

desiderabat
were- wan ting

petitio

in-seeking-for the prastorship,

restituit
he-replaced, (by giving

praetura\
them
'in (his) 'praetorship.

Num
Whether
'do

haec
the*e-fchings

videntur
'appear

tibi to-you

parva
trifling

adjumenta
aids

et
and

286
gubsidia
qu?e
(a trifle)
?

ORATIO PRO

L.

MUREXA.
?
?

consulate

Yoluntas
se
itself

militum

assistances (for obtaining) the consulship

(Is) the good-will of- the- soldiers

cum
as

valet
it-avails

per
by

which

'on-account-of

(its)

multitudine,
*nunibers,

turn

gratis

apud
among

suos,
their-owu

as-also *by (their) influence

turn
(connexions),
so

vero
indeed

in
in

declarando
electing

eonsule,
a consul,

habet
(the

etiam
also

multum
much

auctoritatis
authority

army)

has

(and weight)

apud universum Roinanum populum.

with
the entire
?
trifle) ?

Suffragatio
(Is)

Roman

people.

the vote

militaris

enim
for

consularibus
in-the-consular

comitiis
comitia

of-the-military (a

imperatores
commanders

deliguntur
are-elected

non
not

interpretes
interpreters (aDd expounders)

verborum.
of-words
ilia
that

Quare
Therefore

gravis
weighty (and influential)

est
is

(and legal forms).

oratio,
speech,
(of the

soldier

to

the

by-standers,

at

the

comitia),

"recreavit
"he-took-care-of

me
me

saucium,
wounded,

donavit
he-gave

me
me
(a share of)

praeda
the booty;

hoc
under-this

duce,
leader,
;

cepimus
we-took
(that)

castra
camp,
(and)

contulimus
fought
(that)

signa
battle
;

nunquam
never

iste
*did this-general

imposuit
impose

plus
more
sibi
:

laboris

militi, labour on-the-soldier,

quam
than

ipse
he

sumpsit
was-willing-to-undergo

cum
as

himself;

etiam." felix fortis, turn fortunate (he) also (was)." brave (as he was), so

Quanti
How-much

putas
do-you-think
(that)

hoc
this

esse
is

ad
(of use) to

(gain)
si
if

famam,
renown,

ac
and

voluntatem
the good-will

hominum
of-men?

Etenim
For
illis

religio
l

est
i3

tanta

comitiis,
comitia,

the feeling of a) religious (superstition)

so-great in-those

at
that

semper
alway
(even)

adhuc

omen
omen
(of th<> -cntwrj)

to-the-present (time), the

ORATIO PRO
praerogativum
that-by-lot-voted-first,

L.

MTJRENA.

287

valuerit,
*had (a great) influence (on the result of the elec-

quid
tion),

est
is

mirum,
(then)

in
(that)

hoc

famam
valu-

what

wonderful,

in

this-man the renown

felicitatis
*of (his) ^ood-fortune,

que sermonem
and

the discourse (of his soldiers) should -hav&-

isse?
availed (so

much)?

19.

Sed,
But,

si
if

ducis
et and

haec

leviora,
too-trifling,

quae
which (yet)

you-think these-things

sunt
are

gravissima,
the most-important,

anteponis
(if)

hanc
these

urbanam
city

you-prefer

suffragationem
votes

militari,

noli

valde contemnere
despise

to-the-military (votes), do-not too-much

elegantiam
the elegance

hujus ludortim,
of-his

shows,

et and

magnificentiam
the magnificence
'of (his)

scenae
scenes,

(and theatrical exhibitions, as given for the gratification of the

quae
people)
;

admodum
'were
greatly

profuerunt
Advantageous

huic.
to-him

which

Nam
(in

quid
what
'shall

ego
I

procuring the favour of the people).

For

dicam,
'say,

populum
(hut that)
the people,

ac
and

vulgus
the multitude

imperitorum
of-ignorant-men

magnopere
'are

delectari
'delighted

ludis

greatly

with-games
:
:

(and public shows)?

Est
(Which)
is

minus
less

mirandum
;

quanquam
although

id
it

est
ia

to-be-wondered-at

Batis
sufficient

huic
for-this

causae
cause

enim
for

comitia
the comitia

sunt
are

(composed)

populi
of-the-people

ac
and

multitudinis.
of-the-multitude.

Quare
Wherefore

si
if

magnificentia
the magnificence

ludorum
of-games

est
(and public shows)
is

voluptati
a pleasure

populo
to-the-people,

est
it-is

non
not

mirandum,
to-be-wondered-at,
(that)

earn
it

profuisse
was-of-servic*

L. Murenae
to-L.

apud
with

populum.
the people.

Sed
But

si
if

nosmet
we

ipsi,

Murena

ourseJre%

288
qui who
et
are both

0RATI0 PRO

L.

MURENA.
ab
ipsa,
itself,

impedimur
'hindered

negotiis

omru
all

by-business from (taking part in)

delectatione,
amusements,

et and

in
in (that)

occupatione
occupation

possumus
we-can

habere multas alias delectationes, tamen

hare

oblectamur
are-delighted

many

other

amusements,

however

et and

ducimur
are-attracted

quid by-shows-and-games; why

ludis;

tu
'are

admirere
fortis
a brave

you (then) Astonished

vir,

de
at

indocta
the ignorant

multitudine
multitude?

L.
L.

Otho,
Otho,

man,

meus
my
not

necessarius
intimate-acquaintance

restituit
restored

equestri
to-the-equestrian

ordini
order

non solum
only
(its)

dignitatem, sed
dignity,

etiam
also
(its)

voluptatem.
pleasure,

but

Itaque
(by the seats assigned to
it

haec
this

at the public games).

Therefore

lex,
law,

quae
which

pertinet ad
relates
to

ludos,

est

omnium
of-all

thepublic-games-and-shows,is

gratissima,
restitutus est,
is-restored,

quod

honestissimo ordini

the most-agreeable (and acceptable), because to-a-most-honourable order

cum
with

splendore,
the splendour (of their rank),

quoque
also

fructus

jucunditatis.
'pleasure.

Quare
Therefore
illos,
those,

the enjoyment 'of (their)

ludi, games,

crede
believe

mihi, delectant homines, etiam

me,
delight

men,

as-weil

qui dissimu^nt, dissimulate who

non
(*nd pretend, not to be delighted therewith),
as

solum
only

eos,
those,

not

qui fatentur (they who confess

in
in

quod
are pleased therewith)
;

ego
I

sensi

which

experienced

mea
my

petitione.
application (for the consulship).

Nam
For

nos
we

quoque
also

habuimus
had
si
if

scenam
a theatrical-decoration

competitricem.
as-a-competitor.

Quod
And-though

e/ro
I,

sedilis

feceram trinos ludos,

gave

tamen
putas

(who when)

sedile

the triple games, 'was however

commovebar
*moved

ludis

Antonii;

(and alarmed) by-the-games

of-Antonius; do-you-think,

0RATI0 PRO

L.

MURENA.

289

istam ipsara argenteam scenam hujus

(tna
>

this

same

silver

scene

of-this

(man Murena),

quam

irrides,

nihil

adversatam
Against

tibi,

which you-deride, 'was nothing

you,

qui casu who by-chance

feceras
'(nev^)

nullos
'any
;

Sed
(games)
?

sane
indeed
sit
'be
'let

omnia
all

gave

But

haec
theJ

sint
'be

paria
equal;

forensis
'let

opera
labour

par militari
equal to-military

forensic

urbana
'let

suffragatio
vote

sit
'be

par

militari
'let (those,

the civic

equal to-the-military;

fecisse
who; have-given

magnificentissimos
the most-magnificent

ludos
games

sit
'be
:

idem,
the same, ?

et
as (.jose

unquam
who) 'have
never

fecisse
'given

nullos
any:

quid

what (then)?

na
Mo-you

existimas
'think

nihil interfuisse
there 'was nothing
'present
(of difference)

inter
between
istius ?

tuam
your

sortem,
lot,

in

ipsa

praeturS,
prastorship,

in that-same

et and

(that)

of-this-man [Murena]?

20. Sors hujus

The
lot of

fuit

ea,
that,

quam omnes
which
all

tui
'we your
;

him [Murena] was

tibi,

necessarii
friends

optabamus
'wished

dicendi juris

for-you, (namely, that) of deciding the law

in
(and dispensing justice)
;

qua,
which,

magnitudo
the greatness

negotii
of- the- business

in

conciliat gloriam,
procures

largitio

aequitatis

renown, (and) the liberality of-equitable-decision (procures)

:

gratiam
favour

in
in

qua
which

sorte,
lot

sapiens
a wise

praetor, qualis
prcetor,

(of office),

as

hie
this

(man)

[Murena]

fuit, was,

vitat
avoids
(giving)

offensionem
offence

sequabilitate
dy-Uie-uniform-justice

decernendi,
of-his-decisions,

adjungit benevolentiam
he-unites

benevolence

lenitate
with-indulgent-affability

audiendi.
of-listening
(to complaints).

(This

is

a)

Egregia
Biost excellent

provincia,
province,

et and

apta
adapted

ad
for

(obtaining)

25

290
consulatum,
the consulship,

ORATIO PRO
in
in

L.

MURENA.
sequitatis,
of-justice,

qua
which

laus
the praise

integritatis,
of-integrity,

facilitatis,
of-affability

ad extremum concluditur
obtained, and which) at
last

(maybe

is-terminated

voluptate
by-the-pleasure

ludorum.
of public-plays.

Quid
What
(was)

tua
your

sors?
lot?

tristis,

atrox;
parte,
side,
(full)

questio

peculates,
et squaloris, ex and squalid-appearance, on

a gloomy, (and) harsh-one; inquiry-into embezzlement-of-public-money,

ex
on

alterfi,

lacrimarum
of tears

the-one

altera,
the-other
(side),

plena
fall

catenarum,
of-chains

atque
(and imprisonments),

and

indieum.
of informers.

Judices

inviti, Judges are-to-be-forced-to-sit 'against (their) 'will, (and)

cogendi

retinendi
totus
the whole

contra

voluntatem
will;

scriba
ascribe

damnatus,
was-condemned,

to-be-detained against (their)

ordo
order
(was, in consequence),

alienus
alienated

(from him):

gratificatio
the-bounty

Sullan a
of Sylla
;
;

(from the public treasury to his followers)

reprehensa
is

condemned (and reversed)

civitatis
of-the-city

multi fortes viri, et prope many brave men, and nearly (a great)
;

pars
part

offensa est
are offended;

lites

severe
'are severely

damages

sestimatse;
'assessed;
(he) to

cui

placet
it-gives-pleasure

obliviseitur,
forgets-it,

whom

(but he),

cui to-whom
ire go

dolet,
it-gives pain,

meminit.
remembers-it.

Postremo
In-fine

tu
you

noluisti
would-no*

in
to

provinciam.
the province

Possum
(assigned to you).
I can

non
nol

reprehendere
repreheni

id
that

in
in

te, you,

quod probavi
which
I-approved

in
in

me
my

ipso,
self

et

praetor et consul.
and
consul, (by not going to the provinces assigned

both (when) praetor

Sed
to me).

tamen
however

provincia
the province

But

attulit brought

multas
many

bonas
excellent

gratias
favours

L. Murenae,
for-L.

cum
with

optima
the greatest

existimatione.
reputation,

Murena,

ORATIO PRO
Proficiscens

L.

MURENA.
in Umbrift Umbria;

291

habuit
ei
to-hiui

delectum

^ourneying-thither he-had a levy-of-troops in

(the state of )

respublica dedit
the republic

facultatem liberalitatis
the power
of-being-liberal (and indul.

gave

usus
gent, as respects the levy);

qufi,
of-which,

adjunxit
he-united

having-made-use

multas tribus tribes many

municipiis
Ly-the-municipalities

sibi, to-himself
(in interest),

quae
which

conficiuntur
are-constituted

Umbriae.
of-Umbria.

Autem
But

in
in

Gallia
Gaul

ips&,
itself,

perfecit

aequitate

que
and

diligentia,
diligence,

ut
that

nostri
our

he-accomplished *by (his) 'equity

homines
men
interea
;

exigerunt
recovered

pecunias
money

jam
already

desperatas.
despaired-of.

Tu
You

fuisti

.n-the-mean-time were

Romse, silieet at-Rome, without-doubt

(all this)
;

prsesto
(to be)

near (and aiding)

amicis.
'to

Fateor;
I-confess

sed
but

tamen
however

cogita
think-on

(your) 'friends.

illud,
this,

studia
(that) the zeal

nonnullorum
of-some

amieorum
friends

solere
is-accustomed

minui
provincias
provinces

in

eos,

to-be-diminished towards those, by

a quibus whom

intelligant
they-understand
(that)

contemni.
are-despised.

21.

Et quoniam,
And
because,

ostendi,
I-have-shown,

judices,
judges,

fuisse
(that) there-was

parem
equal

dignitatem
dignity

in
(and worth)
in

MurenS,
Murena

atque
and

in
in

Sulpicio,
Sulpicius,

ad
in (their)

petitionem
claims

consulates,

disparem
unequal

of-the-consulship, (but)
;

fortunam provincialium negotiorum

good-fortune
of-provincial
affairs

jam
I-may now

dicam
say
(it)

apertiiis, in
raore-openly, in

quo meus necessarius Servius fuerit what my intimate-friend Servius may-have-been

et

infe ior,
inferior, (as a

dicam

ea 9

candidate for the consulship), and I-may-say these-thing^

vobis
?ou

audientibus,
listening,

tempore
the time

(and occasion of

tfce

election?

292

0RATI0 PRO

L.

MURENA.
ssepe
dixi
'said

jam
'having

amisso,
passed,

quee
which

ipsi

soli,
}

now

'I often

to-himself alone

re
the business (of the election)

integrS.
being-undetermined.
'T-have

Persaepe
very often

dixi
Hold

tibi,

Servi,
Servius,
(that)

you,

te you

nescire
know-not-how

peter*
to-solicU

consulatum:
the consulship
:

et in iis rebus ipsis, quas and in those things themselves, (respecting) which

videbam
I-saw

te, you,

et
both

agere
act

et and

dicere,
speak,
tibi,

magno
with-a-great

et and

forti animo, courageous mind,

solitus

sum

dicere

te videri

I-used

to-say to-you, (that) you seemed

mihi magis
to-me

fortem
(like)

senatorem,
senator,

quam sapientem
than
a prudent

more

an intrepid

candidatum.
candidate.

Primum

terrores et minae accusandl,

and threats of impeaching

In-the-first-place the terrors

quibus
(those candidates,

tu
you

who might be
quotidie,
daily,

suspected of bribery),

which

solebas
used

uti
to-use

sunt
be

fortis
(the part) of-an-intrepid

viri:

(may)

man;

sed
but

et
both

avertunt
turn-away

opinionem
the opinion

populi
et and

spe
studia
the zeal

of-tbe-people from (any) hope

adipiscendi,
(on his part)
of obtaining
(office),

debilitant weaken
fit
is

amicorum.
'of (his) 'friends.

Nescio

quo
est in
in

pacto hoc
it

semper;
always
(so)
,*

I-know-not by-what means

neque animadversum
neither

uno aut
one
or

has-it-been-observed

altero, (candidates), two

Bed
but

jam
already

in
in

pluribus many;

simul atque
(that)

candidatus
a candidate

as-soon-as

visus est
seems

meditari
to-meditate

accusationem,
impeachment

videatur
(of candidates), it-appears

ut
that
(he)

desperasse
has-despaired
(of)

honorem.
the honour (of
office).

Quid ergo
What
then

?
?

non
Hs-it

placet
'agreeable

persequi
to prosecute

injuriam
an injury

acceptam
received

?
?

not

Immo
Indeed
'it-is

vehementer
exceedingly

placet;
'agreeable;

sed
but

est
there
is

aliud
a different

ORATIO PRO
lempus
time

L.

MURENA.
aliud

295
persequendi.
prsesertim
especially

petendi,

for soliciting (the consulship), a different (time) for prosecuting

Ego
(candidates).

volo
require (that)

petitorem,
a candidate,

consulates,
for-the-consulship,

magna; spe,
(should be of)
great

magno animo,
of-great

hope,

courage,

et in campum, deduci, et in and be-accompanied, both into the forum, and into the Campus Martius,

forum,

magnis
by-a-great

copiis
assemblage
(of friends)
:

inquisitio
the-inquiry-into-the-conduct

candidati,
of-a-candidate,

prsenuntia
the announcer

repulse,
potius,
rather,

non placet mihi

'please

of-a-repulse, 'does not

me

non comparatio testium

neither the procuring of-witnesses

quam
than
;

suffragatorum
of-voters;

non

minae

magis,
more,

quam
than

blanditiae

non
neither (angry)

neither threats

blandishments;

declamatio
declamations (against bribery)

potius,
rather,

quam
than

persalutatio
saluting

prsesertim
(the people

cum jam,
when
now,

by name, and

soliciting votes)

especially

hoc
in-this

novo
new

more
manner

omnes
(of soliciting votes),
all

concursent

domos

fere

omnium,
'all

the candidates go-round among-the-houses 'of nearly

(the citizens),

candidatorum faciant, quantum vultu ex et and from the countenance of-the-candidates they-make-out, how-much
quisque
each-one

videatur
may-seem

habere
to-have (of hope)

animi et facultatis.
spirit,

and

of-means
?
?

"
(for the contest).

Tu ne
not

vides
'see

ilium
that

tristem

" 'Bo you

?

sad-h oking (man)

diffidit,

demissum
(that)

jacet,
(one)?
he-is-down,
.

dejected

he-doubts-his-chance,

abjecit
he-has-thrown-away

hastas."
his spears
:
:

Hie
(and given up the day)."
This

rumor
ramor

serpit

" tu
" do you

scis

ilium
(that)

cogitare
is-thinking-of

spreads-abroad
?

know

he

ftecusationem
an impeachment

inquirere
(of the candidates)
?

(that)

he-is-inquiri

25*

294
in
in (relation to his)

0RATI0 PRO
competitores
competitors
?

L.

MURENA.
quserere
testes?

(that) he-is-seeking-for witnesses ?

Faciam
I-will-make

alium,
another

quoniam
(my
candidate),

hie
this-one

ipse
himself

because

deaperat sibi."
despairs
(of success^ "

Intimi
The intimate

amici
friends

ejusmodi
of-this-kind

candidatorum debilitantur,
of-candidates

deponunt
testatam
evident (to
all as

are-debilitated (and dispirited), they-reniit-in (their)

studia,
zeal
(for him),

aut abjiciunt
or

rem
the thing

give-up

hopeless);

aut
or

reservant
reserve

suam operam
their

aid

et and

gratiam,
influence,

judicio
for-the-trial

et accusationi. accusation. and

22.

Accedit
It-happens

eodem,
likewise,

ut,
that,

etiam
even

candidatus
the candidate

ipse,
himself,

possit
can

non
not

ponere
place
(his)

totum
entire

animum, atque
mind,

and

omnem suam
all

curam,
care,

operam,
labour,

que
and

diligentiam
diligence

in
in

his

petitione.
soliciting
(office).

Enim
For

cogitatio
the thought

accusationis
of

adjunis-added-

impeachment

gitur,
thereto,

non
not

parva
a small

res,
affair,

sed
but

nimirum
assuredly

maxima
the greatest

omnium.
of-all.

Enim
For

est
it-is

magnum,
exturbare
expel

te

comparare
prepare

a great- thing, (that) you

ea,
those-things,

quibus
by-which

possis
you-can

hominem
a

a
from

man

civitate,
the state,

prsesertim
(and deprive him of the rights of citizenship),
especially
;

non
(one,

inopem,
destitute,

neque
nor
se,

infirmum
weak

who

is)

not

qui wh

defendatur,
et and

et

per
by

can -defend-himself, both

himself,

et and

per
by

suos,
his-own (friends);

etiam
even

vero
indeed

per
by

alienos.
strangers.

Enim
For
'we
;

omnes
all

concurrimus
'hasten

ad
to

propulsanda
repel

pericula
danger;

et qui and 'we, who

ORATIO PRO

L.

MURENA.
in
(and)
in

29
periculis
the danger

sumus
l

non
not

aperte
ojaenlv

inimici,
enemies,

are

capitis
of-cupital -punishment, (either of
life,

praestamus
or loss of citizenship),
offer

officia
the dutbj

et and

studia
*

amicissimorum,
of-the-most-friendly
(relations),

etiam
even

zeal

alienissimis.
to-the-greatest-strangers.

Quare
et and

ego expertus
defendendi,
of-defending,

molestiam
the trouble

Whereas I-having-experienced
et and

et
both

petendi,
of-soliciting (office),

accusandi,
of-accusing,

sic intellexi;
l

in petendo

I-have thus Understood, (and formed

my

opinion); (that) in

seeking

esse
(for office)

acerrimum
the most-ardent

studium
zeal

in
(required);
in

there-is

defendendo
defending
(a person)

officium
duty
(and faithfulness)
;

in
in

accusando
accusing

laborem.
(and impeaching)
sic,
(it to

Itaque
(and industry).
Therefore

statuo
I-maintain
fieri,

labour

ut
that

posse
it-can

nullo
in-no

modd
wise

ut
that

be)

thus,

be-done,

idem
the

diligenter
'can
diligently

adornet,
'prepare
(materials),

at que

same (person)

and

instruat
Arrange

accusationem,

et petitionem

(them) for-an-accusation (or impeachment), andfor-a-soliciting

consulates.
(for)

Pauci possunt sustinere unum,

Few
can
sustain

the consulship.

the one (part),

nemo utrumque.
no-one
both.

Tu
'Did you

existimasti,
'think,

cum

deflexises when you-turned-aside

te

de
from

curriculo
the career

petitionis,
of-seeking-office,

que
and te you

transtulisses
transferred

(your)

animum ad accusandum,
mind
to

posse
could

satisfacere
satisfy

impeachment,

(that)

utrique negotio
(the requirements) for-both
affairs?

?
(If

Vehementer
you did) 'you
fait,
was-there,
greatly

errasti.
erred.

Enim
For

quis
what

dies
day

posteaquam
after- thar

ingressus es
you-entered

in
on

istam
this

denuntiationem
announcement
(of

your intention)

296
aoousandi,
of inn

0RATI0 PRO

L mikkna.
Ron
kotutn
altogethtr

quem
n

cb

hi you

oonsunpstttii
ooojubm

'dWI

no(

in
in

ista
this

rationed
omplo\ menl (of pfOOtMrioSJ materials,
foi

Ml impeaohmont

88,

Flagitasti logon law You i\uiU'.Ml_\ demanded

:t

ambitus,
1

mn
Wllieh

'bribery,

R0H
(law"

doorat
'wanting

tibi.
|o vou.

Knim
For

erat

Oalpnnvia
est,

'WM WA
scripts
written
(in)

there was the Oalpuri

soYerissimOi
?<

Gestus moa

ot
both

(law

in eompiianeo.

tu;v
\

yoluntati
l

e1

dignitatis
liij^mt t
ilia.
1
.

our

\\;>!i

and

^:i

tu^v l.iw, Vi'spcdiiir, Ini

Sod
bery. was passodV

tola
11

lox
law
'mi:;!!

fortaS80
peihap*

Bui

h ;i

armasseJ
.

tuau\
youf

aocusationeiD
impoaoluuont
(with now terrors)

si
it'

haberes
vou
bat]

iruktd

ivum
an
...

nocentem;
guiltj
|

?oro
bttt

refragataest
it

indeed

wa> opposod

to

(and

Injurious)

"to

(your)

petitioni< Sosking

Gra>
(ths consulship),

ior

Iforo-tovsro

poena

efflagitata est

ma

voce,

in

plebem
j

-htnent was-oarnostly

demanded

bj your voieo,

against the people

animi
the minds
ot*

tenuiorum
the low or -orders

oommoti;
were alarmed j

exsilium
bani.vhnient

in
against

nostrum
our

ordinem;
order
(fot

Bonatas
briherO
;

oonoessit
Dodod

(senatorial^

the .senate

tiuv

postulationi,
request,

sod
but

mm
not

libenter
willingly

oonstituit
did they establish

fOW

duriorem
i;

oonditionem
oondition

oommuni
for the

fortune
fortune
(of the order

SOTS

eouunou

to
ef senate-,

auotore.
boilkg) the

Poana
voluntas
I

addita est
was added

author ^thereof). Punishment

exousationi
lo

morbi,
^on

muhorum
ot'

oxeuses

aeeounO

Will

many
est,

offensa,
(tOWHi8 you)

was hurt,

quibua bj whom

aut

laborandnm
is

either busioOSS

to-be performed

contra
(!u

oommodum
to the state

valetudinis,
(of the
i

the eourt.O.

contrary

health,

ORATIO PRO
aut
or
to-1

L.

MURENA.
etiam
also

297
fructua
a Ivantagea

iacommodo
relinquendi.

morbi,

ccteri
the other

he-inconvenience of-sickness,

vita?
f-lift

Quid
What
paruit
obeyed

ergo
then?

are-to-be-relinquishecL
?

tulit quis who proposed

hsec

thege-thinga?

Is, He,

qui who
:

auctoritati
the authority

senatus,
of-the-senate, (and)

tuae your

voluntati
wish

denique
in-fine

is

he

tulit, proposed

(it),

qui who

did

mimime
not-at-ali

probarat.
Approve
(it).

Existimas
Do-you-think

ilia,
(that) these,

(following

quae,
propositions of yours),

mea
with-my

summa
highest

voluntate,
approbation,

which,

frcquens
a
full

senatus
senate

repudiavit,
rejected,

mediocriter
*was (only)
slightly

adversata esse
'opposed-as-a-hinderanee

tibi ? to-you

(in

the

affair

of

the

consulship)?

Flagitasti
i ou-earnestly-demanded

confusionem
the confused

suffragiorum,
(mingling)
of-the-votea

prorogationem legis Maniliae, aequationera

(of the centuries), an extension

of-the-law of-Manilia,

an equalizing

gratis,
of-the-influence,

dignitatis
(and)

suffragiorum.
of-suffrage.

Honesti
Honourable

rank

homines,
men,

atque
and

gratiosi
of-influence

in
in

suis
their

vicinitatibus,
neighbourhood,

et and

municipiis tulerunt graviter,

municipalities
took-it
ill,

pugnatum
(that)

esse
et and

they-should-be-opposed

ut viro, tali by such a man, so-that

omnes
all

gradus
degrees

et
both

dignitatis
of-rank

gratiae
of-influence

tollerentur,
should-be-taken-away (from them), *you,

idem
the same-person,

VDluisti
-desired

judices
the judges

esse
to-be

editicios,
chosen
(by the parties in the
suit),

ut

occulta

odia

civium,

quae

nunc con'Jnentur
now
-contained

ao-that the secret hatreds of-citizens, which *are

,

tacitis

discordiis,
animosities,

erumperent

in

(within the bounds of) private

may-break-c^it against

fortunas
*he fortunes

cujusque
of-any

optimi.
very-great (person).

Omnia
All

hsec
tbaee-thiog*

298
muniebant
fortified

0RATI0 PRO

L.

MURENA.
tibi,
for-you,

viam
the

accusandi
of-inipeaching

obsaepiebant
(but) they-obstructed

way

adipiscendi.
(that)

of-obtaining

(the consulship).

Atque
And
was-given

ex
from

omnibus
all

ilia

maxima
very-great

plaga
wound

(which)

that

injecta est tuae petitioni,

to-your

me non
not

tacente,
being-silent,

seeking

(the consulship), I

de

qu&

multa
et and

gravissime
copiosissimo
very-fluent

dicta sunt
*said

ab
by
(that)

about which many-things *were very-severely

ingeniosissimo
very-talented

homine
man

Hortensio.
Hortensius.

Quo
Wherefore
ut,
as,

etiam
also

durior
a more-difficult

locus
task ille

datus
is-given

mihi

dicendi

to-me of-speakingj

cum
when

ante
before

me,
me,

et
both

dixisset,
had-spoken,

he

et and (likewise) et and

M.
M.

Crassus,
Crassus,

vir
a

et

summa
dicendi;
in-speaking
,

dignitate,
dignity,

man

both (of) the greatest

diligentia,
diligence,

et and

facultate
talent

ego
I

in

extremo,

in the last-place,

non
x (and concluding), will not

agerem
*treat

aliquam
any

partem
part

(particular)

causae,
f-the-cause,

sed
but

dicerem
may-speak

de
concerning

totli
the whole

re,
affair,

quod
what

videretur
in

mihi.

Itaque

versor

might-seem (proper) to-me.

Therefore I-am- (now) occupied

fere

iisdem
the same

rebus,
subjects,

nearly with

et, quoad and, as-much-as

possum, judices,
I-can,

judges,

occurro
t-help

vestrae sapientiae.
your
wisdom,
(in

coming

to

a decision).

24.

Sed tamen,
But
te you
however,

Servi,
Servius,

quam securim
what
axe

putas
do-you-think

injecisse.
laid,

(that)

(to cut off the success of

tuae your

petitioni
seeking

cum
(for the consulship),

tu addu^isti Romanum when you (by your conduct) had-brought the Roman

populum
people

in
into

eum

metum,

ut

pertimesceret

that (state of) apprehension, that they-greatlyfeare<J

ORATIO PRO
ne
lest

L.

MURENA.

299
aomparares
were-preparing

Catilma
Catiline

Seret
might-le-made

consul,
consul,

dum
while

tu
you

accusationem,
an impeachment,

deposita
having-given-up

atque
and

abjecta
thrown-aside
(your)

petitione?
anplication (for the consulship)

Etenim videbant
?

For

they-saw

te inquirere, you inquiring-for

tristem ipsum,
(witnesses,

amicos
friends

and proofs of bribery),

;

sad

yourself, (and your)

moestos
dejected;

animadvertebant
they-noticed

observationes.
the precautions,

testificathe deposi-

tions, seductiones
tions,

testium,

secessionem
quibus rebus

the taking-aside of-witnesses, the going-apart (and consultation)

subscriptorum
of-the- subscribers,

(who abetted the impeachment)

ipsi
themselves

by-which

things

certe,

vultus

eandidatorum
of-the-candidates

solent
used

certainly, the countenances

viden
io-appear

obscuriores
more-clouded
(and dejected); (that)

Catilinam
stipatum
atque
and

inter-

Catiline in-the-mean-

ea
time (was)

alacrem atque laetum,

active
;

choro
by-a-band
sicariis
assassins.

and

cheerful, densely-accompanied

juventutis

vallatum
surrounded

indicibus
by -informers

of-young-men;

inflatum
inflated

cum
with

spe
college,
colleague,

militum

turn
as-also

the hope (of the assistance) of-the-soldiers,

promissis
the promises

mei
of-my

quemadmodum
as

ipse
he-himself

dicebat;
said;

circumfluentem
encompassed

exercitu
by-an-army

Arretinorum
of-Arretinian

et and

Fesulanorum colonorum,
Fesulanian
colonists,

quam
which

turbam,
crowd,

ex
(composed)
of

dissimillimo genere,
very-different

homines distinguebant
(those)

materials,

men

very-remarkable (who^

perculsi
^ere-ruined

calamitate
by-the-calamity

temporis
of-the-times

Sullani.
of-Sylla.

Ipsius
His

vultus
[Catiline's]

erat
was

plenus
full

furoris
of-fury;
(his)

oculi
eyes

countenance

sceleris
of- wickedness
;

sermo
(his)

arrogantise
of-arrogance

sic
so

ut

consulatus

speech

that the consulship

; ;

300
rider etur
ei

ORATIO PRO

L.

MURENA
domi.
at-home

jam
(as)

exploratus, et conditus
certain,

might-seem to-him

now

and

laid-up

Contemnebat
(to

Murenam
Murena,

be

used

when

required).

He-despised

numerabat
he-counted

Sulpicium
Sulpicius
;

suum accusatorem, non

his

(amongst)

accusers,

not

competitorem
(as his)

denuntiabat
he-announced

vim
violence

ei;
to-him
j

competitor;

minabatur reipublicae.
he-threatened
the republic.

25.
bonis,
good
ille

Quibus rebus, qui timor

By-which
things,

sit

injectus

omnibus
in-all

what

fear

was-excited

que

quanta
what-great

desperatio
desperation

reipublicae,
of-the-republic,

si
if

(men), and

factus esset,
should-be-made
(consul),

nolite
do-not

velle
require

a
of

me
mo

he

commoneri;
that-it-be-adverted-to;

vosmet
you

ipsi
yourselves

recordamini
remember
(all this)

cum
among

vobis.
yourselves.

Enim
For

meministis,

cum

voces

illius

you-remember, when the expressions of-that

nefarii gladiatoris
wicked

percrebuissent, quas dicebatur

which
it-was-said

gladiator [Catiline] had-spread-abroad

habuisse

in

domestica concione, cum

a private

negasset
posse
esset

he-delivered in

meeting,

when he-may-have-denied
inveniri
be- found,

fidelem
(that) a faithful

defensorem
defender

miserorum

of-the-unfortunate .could

nisi

eum,
saucios

qui
as

ipse,
himself
[Catiline],

miser
credere
to-trust,

unless (that) he,

might-be unfortunate;

(that)

the injured

miseros et and unfortunate

et and

opertere
ought

non
not
;

promissis
to-the-promises

integrorum
of-the-uninjured

fortunatorum
fortunate

quaro
wherefore

(those)

qui who

vellent
desire

replere
to-replenish (their)

consumpta
exhausted (fortunes, and)

recuperare
to-recover
(that,

erepta,

spectarent
possideret,
he-may-possess,

which) has-been-taken (from them), let-them-see-to-it,

quid
what

ipse

deberet,

quid
what

quid
what

any-one-himself may-owe,

ORATIO PRO
auderet
he-might-dare (to do)
\

L.

MUREXA.

301

oportere eum, qui futurus esset

[that]

it-behoved

him,

irhc

was-: -be

dux

et lerand

signifer
standard-bearer

calamitosorum,
of-thette,

esse
to-be

minirne
little

timidum,
fearful,

et and

valde calamitosum.
(to

have undergone; great

unities

and mis-

Igitur turn, his rebus auditis.

fortunes},

Thei

sn,

these

tningi beingfieri,

*od)y

meministis
yoa-remem

senatusconsultura

me
I

ee-of-the-senate was-made,

referente, moving
die,
day,

coniitia
:_
:.:

ne haberentur
l

postero
on-the-next

the somitia

shoold

not

'be-held

ut tmt

possernus
we-might

agere
consult

de
about

his
these

rebus
things

in
in

senatu.
the senate

Itaque postridie,
Therefore
next-day,
in;

frequenti
a fuU

senatu.

exeitavi
..:

(meeting of ) the senate, I-called-

Catilinam,
Catiline,

at que

jussi
I-requested

eunu
him,

si
:

quid
he
so

vellet,
'desired,

and

if

dicere
to

de
concerning
ille,
he,

his
these

rebus,
things,

quae
which
fuit

soy

(something in explanation)

allatae essent were-reported

ad
to

me.

Atque
Ami
'did

ut
as
:

semper
he

always
se, himself

apertissimus,
very-open
(in his declarations),

non
do!

purgavit
'clear

Bed indicavit
(of the charge;,, out

atque
and

induit.
took-them-on-himse]

openly-owned [them]

Enim
For

tum
a

dixit.
he-said,
[thai

esse
there-were

duo
two

corpora
bodies
;

in)

reipublicae,
the republic,

unum
the one

debile,
weak,
;

infirmo
with-a-weak

capite
head;

alteram
t'ae

other

firmum,
strong,

sine
without

capite ahead:
:

huic,
to-this last),

cum meritum
as

esset

it-had-deserved

ita
so

de
(well; of

se.
himself.
:h ore-she ul d

non defuturum caput,

not

'be-wanting

a nee,

:1.

Voile

Be
he

vivo.
"was-aline.

Frequens senatus congemu::.

A
full

senate

groaned

at

hearing

this

<,

decrevit,
(and/

tamen
however

neque
not

satis
sumciently

severe
severe

pro
fo/

passed -a-decree

26

302
indignitate
the indignity

ORATIO PRO
rei.
of-the-affair.

L.

MURENA.
erant
(some)
;

Nam
For

partim,
partly

were

ideo
nihil

non

fortes
severe

in
in

decernendo,
deciding,

quia
because

timebant
they-feared

therefore not

partim,
senatu,
the senate,

quia
because

timebant.
they-feared.

Turn
Then

erupit
he-rushed

nothing; (others) partly,

e
from

triumphans
triumphing

gaudio,
with-joy,

quern who
illuc thence

omnino
altogether

non
ought
not

oportuerat
^o-have-been-allowed

exire
to-depart

vivura
alive;

prsesertim
especially

cum
when

ille
this

idem,
same
(Catiline),

paucis
a few

diebus
dayt

ante,
before,

in
in

eodem
this-same

ordine,
order
(of the senate),

respondisset
had-replied

Catoni,
to-Cato,

fortissimo
a most-valiant
si
(that)
if

viro, man,

minitanti
threatening

ac
and

denuntianti
announcing

judicium,
a capital-trial,

quod
any

incendium
conflagration

excitatum esset
should-be-kindled

in

suas

fortunas,
fortunes,
(that)

se
he Vould

non restincturum
not

id
it

against his

Extinguish

aqua
26.

sed

ruina.
by-ruin.

by-water but

Commotus
Moved

turn

his

rebus,

then by-these things,

et quod and because

sciebam
I

knew
in
into

jam
(that; already

turn
then

homines
men

conjuratos^
banded-together

deduci
were-led

campum
the

a
by

Catilinfi,
Catiline

cum
with

gladiis,
swords, 'I (also)

Campus Martius
in
into

(armed)

descendi
*went-down

campum
the campus

cum
with

firmissimo
a strong

presidio
guard

fortissimorum virorum, et
of-very-brave

cum
with

ilia

lata que

men,

and

that broad

insigni and conspicuous

lorica,
breast-plate,

non
not

quae
that-it

tegeret

me

(etenim sciebam,
(for

might-defend me,

I-kDew, (that)

Catilinam
Catiline

non
'was no*

solere petere
x

latus
at the sides

aut
or

used

to-aim

ventrem,
the
l

sed

caput
at the

fore-part-cf-the-body, but

head

et collum), neck), and

verum
but

0RATI0 PRO
at
that

L.

MURENA.
et
both

303

omnes
all

boni
good
(citizens)

animadverterent,
might-notice
(itj,

cum
wlieu

viderent
they-might-perceive

consulem
the consul

in
in

metu,
fear,

et periculo, in-danger, (and) and

id
lhat

quod
which

est factum,
was-done,

concurrerent
(that) they-would-assemble

ad
to

meum
my

presidium que
drotection

opem.
assistance.

Itaque
Therefore

cum
when

and

putarent te> they-thought you,

Servi,

remissiorem in petendo,
more relax
in

3 Servius, (to be)

seeking-for (the consulship), (and)

fiderent
saw

Catilinam
Catiline

inflammatum,
inflamed,

et
both

spe
with-hope

et and

?,upiditate,
lesire,

omnes,
all

(those),

qui who

cupiebant
desired

depellere
to-repel

illam
that

pestem
pest

ab
from

republica,
the republic,

statim
immediately

contulerunt se
went-over

ad
to

Murenam. Autem consularibus

Murena.

comitiis,

magna
praesertim
especially

But

in-the-consular

comitia, (of) great-importance,

est repentina
fe

inclinatio
turn

voluntatum,
of-will,

cum
when

a-sudden

incubuit
it-rests-on

ad bonum virum,
(and
is

inclined)

to

a good

man,

et and

ornatum
provided

multis
with-many

aliis other

adjumentis
aids
(in)

petitionis.
seeking
(the consulship).

Qui Who

cum
is

honestissimo
(he was)

patre
father

atque
and

majoribus,
ancestors,

of-a-most-worthy

adolescentia
was distinguished) by-a-youth
(of)

modestissima,
much-modesty (and
self-control),

legatione

clarissima,
Hn

prsetura probata
(his) 'prsetorship

in (bis) lieutenancy greatly-distinguished,

approved

n
n

jure,

grat&
ornata;

in

munere,

in
in (his)

provincia
province

legal-affairs, acceptable

in his public shows,

diligenter petisset,
he-diligently

fOry-thing-required-being-supplied;

sought (the con-

B\

jhip),

et and

ita
so

petisset
sought
(it),

ut

neque cederet
'yielded to (these,-

that 'he neither

miuanti,
threading
(him),

neque
nor

minaretur
did-he-threaten

cuiquam;
any-one j

304

ORATIO PRO
est
(that)

L.

MURENA.
spem
hope

mirandum
adipiscendi
of-obtaining

subitam
the sudden

Catilinos
of-Catiline

is-it-to-be-wondered-at

consulatus
the consulship

fuisse was

magno
a-great

adjumentc
aid

huic?
to-him?

Est
There
is

nunc
now

ille
that

tertius
third

locis
part

mihi

orationis
speech

for-me of (my)

de
concerning

criminibus
the crimes

ambitus,
of-bribery,

perpurgatus
fully-cleared-up

ab
by

iis,

those,

qui dixerunt ante me, who have-spoken before me,

me,
because

retractandus
ita; in
(it

(but which) is-again-to-be-gone-over by

me, quoniam Murena voluit

Murena
wished
to be)

quo loco
which place

so

in

respondebo
I-will-reply

Postumio
to-Postumius

meo
my
de

familiari,
intimate-friend,

(and)

ornatissimo
most-accomplished

viro, man,

indiciis
the discoveries

concerning

divisorum,
of-the-distributors-of-bribes,

et and

de
concerning

pecuniis
the sums-of-money

deprehensis
seized
(in their

ingenioso
hands)

Ho

(that)

'talented

et and

bono
good

adolescenti,
young-man,

Ser. Sulpicio,
Ser. Sulpicius,

de
concerning

centuriia
the centuries

equitum
virtute,
virtue,

;
;

M.

Catoni,

homini
a

excellenti
excelling

in
in

omni
every

cf-the-knights

to-M. Cato,

man

de
concerning

ipsius
his

accusatione,
accusation,

de
respecting

senatusconsulto,
27.

de
conquerar

republica.
the republic.

the-decree-of-the-senate, (and) respecting

Sed
But

prius,
first,

pauca

de

I- may-complain (of)

a few-things respecting

fortuna L. Murense, quae

(the hard) fortune
of-L.

repente moverunt
'excited

Murena,

which 'have suddenly

meuin animum.
toy

Nam cum
Now
aliorum,
of-others,

ssepe
et and

antea,
heretofore,

judices,
judges,

mind.

as 'I-have often

et

ex

miseriis

ex
from

meis

quotidianis
dailj

oth from the miseries

my

OHATIO PRO
euris
tares

L.

MURENA.

305

que laboribus, judicarem eos homines fortunatos,

and
labours,

fudged

those

men

fortunate,

qui,
who,

remoti
remote

stucliis

amliitionis,

secuti sunt otiura

ease

from the pursuits

vitae
of-life
:

of-ambition. have-sought-after

ac tranquillitatem
and
tranquillity

vero
but

turn
moreover

in
in

his
these

tantis,
Bo-great

que
and

tarn
so

improvisis
unexeited

perieulis
dangers

L. Murense,
of-L.

Murena,
satis

sura I-am

ita
s<j

affectum
affected
'in

animo. ut que am non

(my)
'mind,
that

miserari,

I-can

not sufficiently commiserate

neque
neither

communem
the

conclitionem
condition

nostrum
of-us

omnium,
all,

common

neque
fi

eventum
the lot

que
and

fortunam
fortune

hujus
of-this

or

(man,

Mm

qui,
who,

primum,
firstly,

dum
when

conatus est
he-attempted

adscendere
tc

unum
one

-ascend

gradum
degree
(higher in)

dignitatis,
dignity,

ex

continuis

honoribus
honours

from the continued

familioe
*of office) *of (his j
;

que maj crura, venit in periculuni,

and
ancestors,
gets

family

in

danger,

ne
lest

amittat
he-may-lose

ea,
those (honours),

qua? relieta sunt,

which
have-been-left

(him by his

quae
ancestors),

parta sunt
were-;':,

ipso

delude,
then,

(and)

those-which

tained

by-himself;

propter
>n-account-of (his)

stadium
pursuit

novae
of-new

laudis,
praise

.and honours of

office),

etiam
ne
also

adducitur
Hs-led

in
into

discrimen
danger
(of losing his)

veteris
ancient

fortune.
fortune.

Quae
Which
est
is

cum
as

sint gravia, judices, they-mav-be serioas (things), judges,

turn
yet

illud
that

acerbissimum,
harshest.

quod
that

habet
he-has

eos
those

ms-accusers.

aceusatores. qui who

non
[are]

odio

inimicitiarum
of-animosities

sol (inducedj by-the-hatred

ad
kq

accusandum.
accuse.

sed
but

qui who

studio
x

accusandi
of-aceusing

in [their]

zeal

descenderunt
aaTC-descendec
1

ad
to

inimieitas.
entities.

Nam,
Pr,

ut
that

omittam
I-may-omU

26*

306

ORATIO PRO
Sulpiciuni,
Bol|

L.

MURENA.
intelligo,

Servium
Berviu

quern whom

permotnio
was-moved

(as) I-understand,

non
(and
u:_:"

injuria

L. Murense,
Murena,

action) not

by (any) Hnjury (received from) L.

sed
but

contentione
in-a-contest

honoris
for- the-honours (of office)
:

Cn. Postumiua
Cn.
Postuniius

amicus
a friend (of
)

patomus
the family

accusa:.
accuses
(him,

ut
and) as

ipse
he-himself

ait
sava

retoa
an old

vicinus
neighbour

ac
and

neeessarius.
acquaint:

protulit qui who has-produced

complures causas necessitudinis.

potuit

comraemorare
remember

any
none

ins::.:,:-:

::-friendship,
;

(but; could

nullam simultatis
of-hcv
alls

Ser.
Ber.

Sulpicius
Sulpieiiu

accusal.
:he younger, accuses
filii,
b
s

himj,

cujus ingenio
ienta

(and who

is)

the companion *of (his) [Murena's]

omnes
all

necessarii
the
;

paterni
xfhis]

debebant
ought

esse
to-be (made)

frier, it

father

munitiores
nune-flecore;

M Cato
ML
fuit,
*was,

accusat.
accuses,

Cato

(him),

qni who

quanquam
though

unquam
'he

nulla
in-any

re,
thing,

alienus

Murena,
Murena,

never

estranged from

tarnen
yet

natus erat
ra

nobis,
among-us,

in
in

hac
Udi

civitate,
city,

ea
under-such

conditione.

ut
lai

ejus
his

opes
assistance

et

ingenium
talei

deberent
ought

and

se
ie

praesidio
a protection

multis,
to-many,

etiam
even

alienissimis.
to-the-gregera, (andj

vix
i^Tiely

exitio
the ruin (of)

cuiquam
any
(personal;

inimico.
enemy.

Igitur
'I-wiil therefore

primum respondebo
first

Posturnio.
to-Postum

qui.

'reply

nescio quo pacto why lot

prretorius
(for the)

videtur

mibi.
.

candidatus
(being as he
is)

-me,

a candidate

prset

in
(to run) against

consularem.
the consular

quasi

desultoriug
Si
IS

(competitor), like-as-if a-vaulter-on-h

incurrere
hrere-to-jamj:

in
into

quadrigarurn
^-four-horse

curiculam.
cLari.t.

cujus
LIm

0RATI0 PRO

L.

MURENA.
concessit
he-yielded

307
eoruru
to-their*

competitors
competitors

nihil, deliquerunt h ad-been -wan ting in-nothing,

dignitati,
worth,

cum
when

destitit

petere;
largitus est,
had-been-guilty-of-bribery,

autem
,

he-desisted from-seeking (the praetorship)

but

sin
if

aliquis
any-one

eorum
of- them

amicus
a friend

expetendus
injuriam,
injury,

est,

is-to-be-sought,

potius qui who 'would rather

persequatur alienam
prosecute
another's

quam suam.
than
his-own.

*
*

**
*

*
*

28.
'I

Nunc
now

venio
'come

ad M. Catonem,
to

quod
(and)
this

est
is

M.
totius

Cato,

firmamentum
the support

ac
and
ita
so

robur
gravis
severe

accusationis,
accusation,

strength of-the-whole

qui who

tamen
however

est
is

et and

vehemens accusator, ut
vehement
an accuser,
that

pertimescam multo magis ejus auctoritatem

I-fear

much

more

his

authority

(and weight

quam
of character),

criminationem.
(his)

In
As-respects

quo
this

than

accusation.

accusatore, judices, ego

accuser,

primum
'shall in-the-first-place
T

deprecabor
earnestly-entreat

judges,

illud,
(of you)
this,

illius
(that)

dignitas
[CatoYj
dignity

ne

quid

his

'may not (be of) any

noceat
'injury

L.
to-L.

Murenae,
Murena,

ne
nor

quid
any
(his)

expectatio
expectation

tribunatus,
of-the-tribuneship,

ne quid
nor

splendor et
(his)

gravitas
solidity-of-character

any
;

splendour

and

totius
'of (his)

vitae
life;

denique
in-fine

ea
(that)

bona
(and adest,

'whole

those qualities

M.
vantages) of-M.

Catonis,
Cato,

quae
which

ille

adeptus
obsint

ut
that

he

has-obtained,

posset
he-might
Boli.
fclone.

prodesse
be-useful

multis,

ne
bis

huic
to-him

to-many, 'may not

'be-an-injury

L. Africanus
L.

fuerat

consul, et
consul,

deleverat

Africanus

had-been twice

and had-destroyed

duos
tfie

terrores
terrors

hujus
of-this

imperii
empire

Carthaginem que
Carthage

two (great'

and

308

OEATIO PRO

L.

MURENA.
Erat
There-was

Naumantiam, cum accusavit L. Cot tarn.

Nutrtantia,

in
in

when

he-accused

L.

Cotta.

eo

summa

eloquentia,
eloquence,

summa
tanta

fides,

summa
Romani
of-the-Roman

him the most-perfect

integritas,
integrity,
(his)

the greatest good-faith, the greatest

auctoritas
authority

quanta
as-that

(was) as-great

populi,
people,

in
in

imperio ipso,
the empire
itself,

quod tenebatur
which was-defended (and preserved)

illius
*t>y

opera\
Exertion,

Ssepe
^-have often

audivi
x

majores natu
old-men

his

heard

dicere
8Ly

hoc,
this,

hanc eximiam dignitatem

(that)
this

very-great

dignity

(and authority)

accusatoris
oi-the-accuser

plurimum
"was (of)
very-great

profuisse
Advantage

L.
to-L.

Cottae.
Cotta.

Sapientissimi
T<ie very-wise

homines,
men,

qui who
any-one

turn
then

judicabant
judged
ita

illam
this

rem, noluerunt
caase,

quemquam

cadere
lose-his-cause

in
in

did-not-wish (that)

"should so

judicio,
court,

ut
that

videretur
it-might-seem

abjectus
he-was-borne-down

nimiis
by-the-too-great

viribus
power
x

adversarii.

Quid

?
?

Non ne Romanus
"Did
not
the

of (his) Adversary.

What-then

Roman
"deliver

populus
people

(nam
(for

traditum est
it-is-preserved-in

memorise)
(our)

eripuit

memory)

Ser, Gralbam
Stf.

tuo

proavo,

M.

Gatoni, fortissimo
Cato,

Galba from-your great-grandfather, M.

a very-brave

atque
and

florentissimo
very-distinguished

viro, incumbenti bent man, (who was)

ad
on

ejus
his

perniciem.
destruction.

Semper
Always

in
in

hac
this

civitate,
city,

et
both

universus
the entire

populus,
people,

sapientes et wise and

restiterunt
have-resisted

judices,
judges,

ac
and

prospicientes in
looking-for
into

posterum,
the future,

nimis
the too

magnis
great

opibus
power

accuof-ac-

torum.
cusers.

Nolo
I-do-not-wish (that)

accusator

afferat

potential
power

an accuser sbould-bring

in
ju

judicium,
the
triax,

non aliquam majorem vim,

no~

any

greater

force (than

common),

OIUTIO PRO

L.

MURENA.

309

non excellentem auctoritatem,

nor
excelling

non nimiam
too-great

authority

(and character), nor

gratiam.
influence.

Omnia
All

hsec valeant

ad salutem
the safety

these are-of- avail (and to be used) for

innocentium,
of-the- innocent,

ad
:

openi

irapotentium,
of-the-weak,

ad auxilium
for

for the assistance

the aid

calamitoscrum
of-the-unfortunate

vero
but

in
in

periculo,
danger,

et and
si
if

in
in

pernicie
the ruin

civium,
cf citizens,

repudientur.
they-are-to-be-rejected.

Nam
For

quis

forte

any-one by-chance

dicet
should-say

hoc,
this, (that)

Catonem
Cato

non

fuisse
have

descensurum
descended

'would not

ad
to

accusandum,
accuse,

nisi
unless
:

prius
he-had previously (examined
into,

and)

judicasset
judices, C judges,
periculis
for-the-dangers

de

causa;

instituet,
it-will-establish

'forined-a-judgment (and opinion) concerning the cause;

iniquam
an unjust

legem,
law,
si
if

et and

miseram
a miserable

conditionem
condition

hominum,
of-men,

existimabit,
it-be-held,
(that)

judicium
the

judgment

accusatoris

in

reum
preejudicio.
legal-precedent.

oportere
ought

valere
to-have-force (against

of-the-accuser against the defendant

pro
him)
like

aliquo
some

29. Ego, Cato, audeo non, propter

I,

singulare
the singular (great)

Cato,

dare

not, on-account-of

judicium
opinion

(formed in)

mei animi de tua mind of your my

perhaps

rirtute, vituperare
virtue,

censure

tuum
ur

consilium
determination (in this case);

forsitan
et and

possim,
I-may-be-able,

in
in

nonnulla
gome

re
things

conformare
to-mould

leviter
slightly

emendare.
to-amend
(it).

"Non
"You-do not
to-a-very-brave

peccas multa," inquit

Offend

ille
that

senior
aged

m agister
instructor
rul

much,"

said

fortissimo viro ; man;

" sed,
"but,

si
if

peccas
you-do-offend

possum regere
I-can

te."
fou (and set you right).*

At ego
But
I

verissime
'may most-truly

dixerim,
'say,

(that)

310

ORATIO PRO

L.

MURENA.
in

nihil, te peecare you offend (in) nothing,

neque
nor
(that)

ulla
any

re
thing

esse
are

in

te 70a

hujusmodi,
of-that-nature,

at
leviter

videare

potius
(to require)

corrigendus,
to-be-corrected.

that you-inay-seem rather

qu&m
than

inflectendus.
'put-right.

Enim natura
For
nature

ipsa
herself

Ho-be gently

finxit formed

te you

ad honestatem, gravitatem, temperantiam,

for

honesty,

gravity,

temperance,

magnitudiiiem animi, justitiam,

greatness
of-mind,
justice,

denique ad omnes
(and)
in-fine
for
all

virtutes,
(those)
virtues,

magnum
(that constitute)

a great

et and

excelsum
distinguished

hominem.
man.

Istuc accessit
To- this

doctrina
a system-of-doctrines

acceded

(and precepts)

non
not

moderata,
moderate,

nee
nor

mitis,
mild,

sed,
but,

ut
as

videtur
it-seems

mini
to-me

paullo asperior,
somewhat harsher,

et durior, and more-severe,

quam
than

aut
either

Veritas
truth

aut
of

natura
nature

patiatur.
may-allow.

Et
And

quoniara
because

hsec
this

oratio
speech

non
'is

not

habenda

est

nobis,
us,

aut

cum

imperita multitudine,
an ignorant
multitude,

'to-be-delivererl (by)

either before

aut in aliquo conventu agrestium,

or
in

disputabo
I-will-discourse

paullo
somewhat

some

assemblage

of-rustics,

audacius

de

studiis

humanitatis,
et vobis. you. and
et and

quae
which

sunt
are

more-boldly concerning the studies of-polite-literature,

nota

et

jucunda
agreeable

et
both

mihi
to-me

Scitote,

known and
judices,
judges,

Know
bona,
qualities,

(then),

hsec
(that)

divina
divine

egregia
admirable

qu33
which

those

videmus,
we-see,

in
in

M. Catone,
1L
Cato,

esse
are

ipsiu3
his

propria.
peculiar-property.

Quse
What
(derived)

nonnunquam requiremus, omnia

'we

ea
such

sunt
are

sometimes

Reprehend,

all

non

a natura, sed

magistro,
a master.

not from nature,

but from (the instruction of)

Enim
For

fuit
there-was

quidam
a certain

vir

summo
(of) the greatest

ingenio,
talents,

man

(named)

0RATI0 PRO
Zeno,
Zeno,

L.

MURENA.

311

aemuli
Stoici.
Stoics.

cujus inventorum
discoveries (and doctrines)

the admirers (and followers) of-whose

noininantur
are called

Hujus
His

sententiae
opinions

et and

praecepta
precepts

sunt
are

ejusmodi
of-this-sort
:

sapientem
(that)

nunquam moveri
'is

the-wise-inan

never

'moved
;

gratis

;
;

nunquam
(that) 'he

ignoscere delicto cujusquam

'forgives

by-favours

never

the-crime

of-any-one

neminem
(that)

esse
is

misericordem,
merciful,

nisi
unless

stultum
a
fool

no one

et and

levem
atrifler; (that)
'it-does

non
neque
or si

esse viri neque not 'belong-(to)-a-man (to allow himself ) either

exorari,
to-be-in treated,

placari
to-be-propitiated; (that)

sapientes
the wise

solos
only

sint distortissimi esse formosos, though they-may-be the-most-distorted beautiful, are

si
(that)
if

(in

person);

mendicissimi,
(they are) the poorest-beggars, (yet they are)

divites
rich,*

(that)

si
if

serviant
they are

servituteni,
in slavery,

reges
(yet they are)

;
;

autem
but

kings

dicunt,
they-say,
(that)

nos,
we,

qui who
enemies,

sumus
are

non
not

sapientes,
wise,

esse
are

fugitivos, exsules, hostes, denique insanos

fugitives,
exiles,

in-fine

mad-men;

(they say that)

omnia peccata
all

esse
are
;

paria
equal;
(that)

omne delictum
every
offence

esse
is

sins

nefarium
a nefarious

scelus
crime;

nee
nor
(that)

eum
he

delinquere
'does (not)
'offend

minus, qui
less,

gallum gallinaceum, cum

(killed)

fuerit
there was

who
opus,
necessity,

a cock,

when

non
no

quam eum,
than
he,

patrem qui suffocavit who suffocated (his) father

|

(that)

Bapientem opinari
the-wise-man
believes

nihil, nothing
falli

poenitere
(till

fully convinced), (fshat) he-repents

nullius rei,
of

in nulla
no

re,

nunquam

no

thing, (that) he-is-deceived in

thing, (that) h* never

mutare
ehanges
(his)

sententiam.
opinion.

312
30

ORATIO PRO

L.

MURENA.

rngeniosissimus homo,
The most-talented
man,

M.
M.

Cato,
Cato,

arripuit hsec,
adopted
these

inductus
(opinions and doctrines of Zeno), induced-thereto

eruditissimis
by-the-tnost-learned

auctoribus
writers;

neque
this)

causa
sed

disputandi,
tl

(and

not

for-the-purpose of-disputing (about

em)

ut
as

magna
the great

pars,
part (of

vivendi
of-living

ita.
as (they prescribe).

men

do), but

Publicani
*Do the farmers-of-the-revenues

petunt
'petition-for

aliquid?
any-thing?

"Cave
"Take-care

gratia
(lest) influence

habeat
have

quidquam
any-thing

momenti."
of-weight (with you)."

Aliqui
*Do some

miseri
miserable
?
?

et and

calamitosi
unfortunate (persons)

veniunt
'come
(to

you)

supplices

" Fueris
" You-will-be

sceleratus
a wicked

as suppliants

et and

nefarius,
criminal

(man),

si
if

feceris
you-do

quidquam,
any-thing,

adductus
induced

misericordia."
by-mercy."
'Does

Aliquis fatetur
any-one
confess (that)
?

se

et petit veniarn he has-done-wrong, and asks-for pardon

pecasse,

ejus delicti
{for)

" Ignoscere facinus

"To-pardon
crime

est nefarium."
is

his

offence?

wicked."

At delictum
But
the fault

est
is

leve.
trifling.

" Omnia peccata sunt paria."

"All
offences

are

equal."

Dixisti
Have-you-said

quidpiam?
any-thing
?

"Est fixum
" It
is

fixed

et and

statutum."
determined."

Non
*You-were
not

ductus
induced

esre,
by-the-thing
(itself),

sed
but

opinione.
by-supposition.

" Sapiens opinatur nihil."

Errasti
You-may-have-erred

"A
re.

wise-man

supposes

nothing."

in aliquS in some

Putat
He-considers
(himself)

maledici.
to-be-calumniated

thing.

(by this remark).

Ilia sunt are (the Those

nobis,
results) for-us,

ex
from

hac
this

disciplina.
doctrine.

"Dixi
" I-said

m
in

senatu,
the senate, (that)

me
I

delaturum
would-announce

nomen
the

consularis
of-a-eonsulai

name

candidati."
candidate
(for

Dixisti
impeachment)."
(But)

fratus.
(it

you-said

wh6L)

angry.

ORATIO PRO
" Nunquam,
" Never,

L.

MURENA.
irascitur/'
'get-angry."

318

inquit,
says-he,

sapiens
*does a wise-man

At
But

causa
(it

temporis,
(of

TLaj have been said)

by-reason

some peculiar)

circumstance,
fall ere
to-deceive

inquit,
he -replies,

"

est " it-is

improbi
(the part)

liominis

of-a-dishonest

man
opinion;

mendacio

est
it-is

turpe

mutare
scelus
is

sententiam
(to

by-a-falsehood ;

shameful to-change (one's)

allow

exorari,
ij.s's self) to-be-entreated,

misereri,
(and)
to-pity,
(is)

a crime;

flagitium."
infamy."

Autem
But

illi

nostri
our
(masters and teachers)

(enim
(for

those

fatebor,
I-will-confess,

Cato,
Cato,
(that)

me quoque
I
also

in
in

adoleseentia,
(my)
youth,

diffisum
diffident
(of)

meo
my-own

ingenio,
talents,
illi

qusesisse
sought

adjumenta
the assistance

doctrinae,

nostri,
our
(teachers),

inquani,
I-say,

of-the-doctrine (of philosophers), those

a
(who derived
their doctrine,

Platone
Plato

and

principles)

from

et and

Aristotele,
Aristotle,

moderati
(and who were)

moderate

et and

temperati
temperate

homines, aiunt,
men,
say, (that)

gratiam
favour

aliquando
Mops sometimes

valere
'have-an-iniluence

apud
with

sapientem
a-wise-man;
(that
it is

boni
the part)

viri

of-a-good

man

misereri,
to-pity,
(that)

esse
there-are

distincta
distinct

genera
kinds

(and degrees)

delictorum^
of-crinces,

et dispares and different (grades

poenas
of)

esse

punishments; (that) there-is

locum
a place

ignoscendi
for-forgiveness
;

apud
(even)

constantem
a firm-and-determined

with

hominem
man
;

sapientem ipsum, saepe

the-wise-man
himself,

opinari
forms-an-opinion (about)

(that)

often

aliquid,
something,

quod
that

nesciat
he-does-not-know
(for certain)
;

nonnunquam
(that) 'he

sometimes

irasci
'gats-angry; (that)

eundem
he the-same

exorari
maybe-entreated

placari et and propitiated'

27

814 qucd
that-whieh 'be-

OKATIO PHO

L.

MURE^A.
dixerit,
si
if

interduru
illy

sit
it-should-b

lectins
rare-proper

ita.
=

mutare
he-charges
:
;

aliquando
he
5

decoders
Recedes

:.

MOMtuM

de
from
I lis

sentient! vpauaa

onanes virtutes
all
.

moderatas esse
-:-j-be- regulated

:ues

quadaru
:

raedioeritate.
'f.-;:

eertun

i_

lention.

SI.

Si.
If,

Ca:o.
Cato,

cum h
with
this (good)

natura,
natural-disposition,

(which

qua
sscss

fortuna
(good)

detulisset
had-bronght

te

ad
to

hos
these

any

fortune

you

magistros.
instrj:::.-;.
;

tu
~

non quidem
Mid not
indeed

esses

melior

vir,

'have-been abetter

man,

nee
nor

fortior.
more-brave,

nee teinperantior.
nor
more-temperate,

nee justior
nor
more-just

(neque
(nor

enim

potes esse) sed paullo propensior

be)

ad lenitatem.
to
Irniiv.

but

little

more-inclined

Non
_
:

aeeusares
'acea&e

adductus nullis
by -no

inimicitii's,

i-would not

when led thereto

injuria,
injury,

uimosi

lacessitus
(or)

nulla
by-no

pudentissinium
a most-modest

(and worthy)

hominem,
nir.

praedituru endowed

summa
with-the-~ _i:5:

dignitate
d:gnity-of-rank

atque
and
te

putares
ntegri

cum
when
in

fortuna
fortune

posuisset
had-piaced

-might^think

you

atque
aii

L.
L.

Murenam
Unffi
were-writed
;

custodia

ejusdem

anni,
year,

in the guardianship of-the-same

te
(that,

conjunctum esse cum hoc

1

vinculo
~

jam

bin

:ir political)

reipublicse

quod
that-whi:i

dixisti
yam-said

atrociter
BO-severely

in
in

senatu,
the senrae,

f- the -republic;

f uli
t.;z

am non
pifhfff

dixisses,
\ii^r-;aid,

aut
or

seposui.-ses
wonld-have-put-it-ii

-.-

aur

interpretarere
would-have-explained
(it)

in
in

in

.:

:;

Lin.,

or

mitiorem partem.
ii\l::
manner.

Ac
And
(tint]

te
ymm

ipsum (quantum ego

yourself

(as-much-as

ORATIO PRO
opinione
in (my)
'opinion

L.

MUBBffA.

315
et

auguror)
(may)
predict)

nunc
now

concitatum
excited

both

quodam
oy-a-certain

impetu
ingenii,
of-genius,

animi,
et

et

elatum
elated

vi
by-the-foree

naturae
of-natura

impulse of-the-mind, and

atque
and

flagrantem
inflamed

recentibus
by-the-reeent

studiia
studies

and

prajeeptorum
of-the-precepts

usus
:

jam
will at-some-time

fieetet,
l

(of the Stoics), experience

bend,

dies
time

leniet,
soften,

setas
(and)

mitigabit.
render-milder.

Etenim
For
yirtutis,
virtue,

isti
these

age

ipsi, same,

vestri
yoar

prreceptores
preceptors

et and

magistri
instrue.iors (in)

videntur
seem

mihi
to-me

protulisse

fines

ofEciorum,
of-dv.

paullo
a
little

longius,
farther,

to- have-carried the limits

quam natura
than
nature

vellet

ut

cum. anima, contendissimus

in-mind,

requires; so-that when,

we-had-5triven

ad
(to reach) to

ultimum,
the ultimate (limits),

tamen
yet

consisteremus
we-should-stop-short

ibi,
there,

ubi

oportet.
(to

" Ignoveris nfluL"

do
so).

where it-is-proper

Pardon

nothing" (you

say).

Immo
Indeed
(truly;

aliquid,
something (may be pardoned, but)

non
not

omnia.
all.

"Feceris "Do
gratis

nihil

causa

gratis."
of- favour. "

Immo
Yes-inleed

resistito
resist

nothing by-reason

cum
when

favour, ^but only)

officium et fides postulabit. "Sis duty and good-faith will-require-it. "Be

ne commotus miserieordia."
moved
severitate
(proper)
severity;

Etiam,
Certainly,

in dissolvenda
in

by-pity/'
;

relaxing

sed
but

tamen
yet

est
there-is

aliqua
some

laus
praise
(for)

humanitatis.
humanity.

Permaneto
Abide

in
fan

sententia.
fovj
opinion.

Yero,
True,

alia nisi ndesa another

melior

ricerit

sententiam.
opinion

better (opinion) should-prevail-over (your)

Hie
The

Scipio
(great) Scipio

fuit hujuscemodi, quern was (a man) of-this-kind, (to) whom

it-caused

n<~n poenitebat facere

9

idem,
the same,

quod tu;
that

habere

'regret

to-do

you

(do); (and; to-haT8

316

0RATI0 PRO

L.

MURENA.

eruditissimum, et paene divinum

a most-learned,

hominem
man
'in (his)

lomi;
^ousej

and nearly
et and

divine

cujus
*by

oratione
Miseourse

praeceptis,
precepts,

quanquam
although

erant
they-were

whose

ista
the very

eadem,
same,

quas
which

delectant
(so)

te,

tamen
yet

non
'he -was

delight

you,

not

factus est
'made

asperior,
more-austere,

sed
but

(ut
(as

accepi
comior,

senibus),
old-men),

I-have-heard from

lenissimus.
mo3t-mild.

Qais vero Who indeed

(was) more-civil-and-obliging,

(than]

C.

C. Laelio? quis jucundior Laelius? who more-agreeable,

studio
studies ?
(that

ex
(than he, though formed) by

isto
these

eodem
same

you

are)

quis gravior who more-grave

sapientior
(and) wise

illo?
(than) he?

Possum
I-can

dicere haec
say
these

eadem
same
;

de
(things)

concerning

L. Philo,
L.
Philus, (and)

de
concerning

C. Gallo
C.

sed
but

deducam

te

Gallus;

I-will-conduct you

jam
now

tuam
to-your-own

domum.
home.

Ne

existimas

quemquam
any-one

Do-you-think

fuisse was

commodiorem, comiorem, moderatiorem

milder,

ad

omnem
all

more-obliging,

more-moderate

as-rcspects

rationem
the relations

humanitatis,
of-humanity
(and-life),

Catone tuo pro(than)

Cato

your great-

avo.
grandfather.

Cum
When
'you

vere
truly

que
and

graviter
gravely

diceres
'spoke

de
of

prsestanti
of-the-eminent

virtute
virtue

cujus,
of-this

dixisti
(man),
you-said (that)

te you

habere
had

domesticum exemplum ad imitandum.

a domestic

Illud
That

quidem
indeed
;
:

example

to

imitate.

est
is

exemplum propositum
an example
offered

tibi
to-you
'in

domi
(your own) family

sed
^ui

tamen
magis

similitude

illius
of-his

naturae
nature

potuit
(and endowments)
could
illo,

however the resemblance

pervenire
arrive

ad
to

te,

more-2asiiy

you,

qui who

ortus es

ab

are-descended from
;

him,

quam
ihaD

ad
tc

unumquemque
any one

nostrum
of-us;

vero
but

iHud
thai

0RATI0 PRO
exemplar
example
'is

L.

MURENA.
mihi
to-me

311

tarn
as-much

propositum
'offered

ad imitandum,
for

imitation,

quani
as

tibi.
to-you.

Sed,
But,

si
if

adsperseris illius comitatem obliging-civility you-would-have-uiingled his

gravitati
gravity

tuse et facilitatem, affability, (with) your ani

que
and

severitati,
severity,

ista
those

quidem
(things)

non
'will

erunt
l

meliora,
better,

quae
which

nunc
now
(when)

indeed

not

be

sunt
are

optima,
excellent,

sed
but

certe

jucundius

certainly (will become) more-agreeable

condita.
seasoned.

82.

Quare, ut
mihi
for-me

revertar

ad
to

id,
that,

quod

Wherefore, that T-may -revert

institui, which I-had-proposed,

tolle take-away

nomen
the

Catonis
of-Cato

causa
quae
which

remove
remove

name

from the cause

ac
and

prgetermitte
make-no-mention-of

auctoritatem,
authority,

in
in

judiciis
trials

debet, aut
ought,
either

valere

nihil,

aut

valere

ad salutem
for

to-avail nothing,

or (ought) to-avail

the safety

congredere
(of the accused)

cum me
with

criminibus
the crimes

attack

me

ipsis. themselves

Quid
(that he
is

accusas,
do-you-accuse-him-of,

Cato
?

charged with).

What
?

Cato?

quid

affers in what du-you-bring to

judicium
trial?

quid

arguis

Accusas

what do-you-prove? Do-you-accuse

ambitum?
(him of )
bribery?

Non
*I-do not

defendo.
'defend
(bribery).

Reprehendis
You-reprehend

me,
me,

quod
that

defendam
I-defend

idem,
the same,

quod
which

punierim
I-would-have-punished

lege.

Punivi ambitum, non innocentiam.

not
innocence,

by-a-law (of my proposing). I-punished bribery,

Vero
But

ambitum
bribery

ipsum,
itself,

accusabo vel
I-will-accuse even

cum
with

te,
yourself,

sj
if

voles.
you-desire
(it),

Pixisti
You-have-said
(that)

senatusconsultum
a decree-of-the-senate

facwas-

turn esse,
made,

me
I

referente,
proposing-it,
(as thus)

"

si
(persons)

corrupti
corrupted

"if

27*

Sl8
mercede
conducti

ORATIO PRO
issent

L.

MURENA.
obviam
to-meet
si
if

candidatis,
the candidates,

s\
if

by-recompense [bribery] should-go-out

sectarentur,

locus
a place
(were given free)

hired-persons attend-and-follow (them),

vulgo
to-the-common-people

tributim
by-tribes
(in

gladiatoribus, et
shows of)
the gladiators,

and

item,
also,

si
if

prandia data essent

dinners

vulgo,

were-given

to-the-common-people, (this would

'

all)

videri factum contra seem done against

Calpurniam legem.'
the Calpumian

Ergo
Therefore

law."

senatus ita judicat,

the senate
so

hsec

videri

facta

decided, (that) these (things) seemed to-have-been-done

contra
against

legem,
the law,

si
if

facta sint

decernit,
it-decreed,

quod
what

est
there-ia

they-were-done;

morem gerit dum nihil opus, occasion-for, while it-complied-with-the- wishes no

candidatis.
(of the) candidates

Nam
For
If

factum
(if)

sit,

nee
or

ne,
not,
*is

vehement er
vehemently

quaeritur.
Questioned.

done,
sit,

Si factum
dubitare.
doubt.

quin
but-that

sit
it-is

contra

legem,

nemo
no-one

potest
can

it-is-done,

contrary to-the-law,

Est
It-is

igitur
therefore

ridiculum,
ridiculous,

relinquere
to-leave

id
that

incertum,
uncertain,

quod
which

est
is

dubium
doubtful;

quod
that-which

potest
can

esse
be

dubium
a doubt

nemmi,
to-no-one,

id
that

judicare.
determine
(and decide on).

Atqui
But-now
:

id

decernitur, omnibus candidatis postulantibus

all

that (decree) was-passed,

the candidates

asking-for-it

ut
Bo-that

ex
from

senatusconsulto,
the-decree-of-the-senate,

possit
it-can

neque
neither

intelligi
be-understood
*for

cujus
whose

intersit,
'advantage^ or interest it-might-be,
sit.

neque
nor
ilia
(that)

contra
against

quern

Quare
Therefore

doce
show

whom

it-might-be.

that

commissa esse
was-done

a
by

L.
L.

Murena
Murena;

turn
then

egomet
I-myself

concedam
will-concede

tibi to-you (that)

commissa esse contra legem.

it-was- lone

contrary

to-law.

ORATIO PRO
33.

L.

MURENA.
decedenti
returning

319
de
from
(his)

"Multi prodierunt
"Many
went-out

obviam
to-ineet-him
,,

provincia, petenti consulatum.

province,

Solet
It-is-the-custom

fieri.
to-do-so.
?

seeking

the consulship."

Autem
But

eccui
to-whom Mo (persons)

non
not

proditur
'go-out-to-ineet

revertenti

returning

Quae multitudo
(from abroad)
si
if ?

What
not

a multitude

ista fuit !" this was !"

Primum,
In-the-first-place,

possim non reddere rationem

I-can

istam
this

explain

tibi ; to-you;

quid
what

habet
is-there

admirationis,
wonderful,
(that)

multos
many
(persons)

prodisse
went-out
?

obviam
to-meet

tali such

viro
a

advenienti,
coming,
(as)

consulari
a consular

candidato
candidate
?

Quod
Which

man

nisi
unless

factum
?
?

esset,

videretur
would-seem

magis
the

mirandum.
to-be-wondered-at.

it-had-been-done,
si
if

more

Quid
a
to

etiam addam
*I also
x

illud,
this,

quod non
which
is

abhorret
contrary

What-then

add

not
?

consuetudine,
custom,
(that)

multos many

rogatos esse
were-invited
?

num
whether

sit
is-it

aut
either

criminosum, aut
criminal,
or

mirandum,
to-be-wondered-at,

in
in

civitate
a city
(in)

qua
which
filios
the sons

rogati
'we,

soleamus
are-accustomed

venire
to

deductum
to-escort

(when)

^sked

come

hominum
of-men

infimorum,
of-the-lower-order,

prope
(when candidates),
nearly

de
when

nocte,
yet night,
[at early

saepe

ex
from

ultima
the extreme (part of)

dawn

of day],

often

urbe,

in

ea
that

homines
men

esse
are

non gravatos
not

the city, (that) in

burdened

(when)

prodire
they-go-forth

tertia
at-the-third

hora
hour
[nine o'clock]

in
into

Campum
the

Campus
talis
of-such

Martium,
Martius,

praesertim,
especially,

rogatos
(when)
?

nomine
in-the-name

invited

viri ?
a

Quid
(as

Si
If

omnes
all

societates
the societies (of knights)

man

Murena)

What?

venerunt,
had- come
(to

ex
meet him),
o'ut-of

numero
the

quorum,
of-wbom,

number

mult. manj

820
cedent
sit

ORATIO PRO
liic

L.

MURBNA.
si
if

judices
judges?

quid
?

here (as)

whai?

multi homines nostri many men of-our

honestissimi
most-honourable

ordinis
order

quid
(had gone)
?

si
if

Hla
that

what?

officiossima
most
officious

tota
(body) the whole

natio
nation

candidatorum,
of-candidates,

quae
which

patitur
suffers

neminem
no-one
?
#

introire
to-enter

in
into

urbem
the city

non
not
si
if

honeste

denique
(had gone out to meet him)
?

ln-an-honourable-way

in-fine

aecusator, noster Postunrius

the accuser,

ipse,
himself,

venit

obviam

our

Postumius

had-come to-meet-him

cum bene magna

with
a very

caterva
crowd
(of)

sua;
his (followers

large

and dependauts)

quid habet ista multitudo admirationis

what
has
this

?
(or

multitude

of admiration,

what

that

may

Omitto
excite our surprise)
?

clientes,
(his)
clients,

vicinos
(his)

I-omit

neighbours,

tribules,

totum
whole

exercitum Luculli, qui venerat,

army
of-Lucullus, which had-come,
;

those-of-his-tribe, the

per
on

eos
those

dies
days

ad
to

trmmphum
the triumph;

dico
I-say

hoc,
this,

(that)

gratuitam
a voluntary

frequentiam
concourse
(of friends)

in
in

isto such

officio,
kind-offices, *waa

unquam
never

defuisse,
Vanting,

non modo
not only

dignitati

ullius,

sed
but

to-the-dignity of-any-one,

ne
not

quidem
even

voluntati.
to-his-wish.

" At
" But

multi many

sectabantur."
foliowed-him."

Doce,
Show,
(that
it

mercede
was)
for-reward;
(and)

concedam
I-will-concede

esse
it-to-be

crimen.
a crime.

Hoc
This
?

quidem
(reward)

remoto,
being-removed,

quid
what

indeed

reprehendis
34.

io -you-find-fault-with ?

" Quid "What

qureris
'ask

opus
need

est,
is-there,

inquit,

sectatoribus
sit

V
?

says-he, (of)

followers

rt

Tu
Do
yo*'

id
that

a
of

me, quid opus

me,

eo,
in-that.

what

need may-there-be

ORATIO PRO quo

habent
have

L.

MURENA.

321
tenues
beneficii
a favour

semper

usi

sumus
aut
aut
or

Homines
Men

which ^e-have always

practised?

(of ) hunible-rank

unum

locum

promerendi
'conferring

the only opportunity *of either

in on

nostrum
our

or din em
order

referendi,

in

of-returnin^ (a benefit received), ia

hane
this

operam,
aid
(give us),

atque
and
(this)

assectationem
aUendctnce
(on us}j
fieri, be-done,

nostris
in-our

petitionibus.
seeking-for-office.

Neque
Neither

enim
indeed

potest
could
(it)

neque
nor

postulandum
is-it-required

est

a
from

nobis,
v

aut

from

ab Romania the Roman

suos
their

equitibus,
knights,

ut
that

sectentur
they-should-accompany

candidatos
the candidates
si

necessarios,
particular-friends,

totos
for-whole

dies
days
(together);

nostra domus
our
si

if

house

eelebratur
is-frequented

a
by

quibus,
them,
[the senators

interdum
sometimes

and knights,]
si

if

deducimur
we-are-escorted

ad
to

forum,
the forum

honestamur
we-are-honoured

uno
with

(by them),

if

spatio
a turn

basilicse,
(round the portico)
of- some-basilica,

videmur
we-seem

diligenter
diligently

(to be)

observari
respected

et anu

eoli ; honoured;

ista
this

assiduitas
assiduity
(in

attendance)

est
is

tenuiorum
(the part)
x

amicorum,
friends,

of (our)

tumble
whose

et and (who

non
are) not

occupatorum,
occupied
(with business),

quorum
bonis

copia
assistance
*is

non
not

solet
'used

deesse
to-be-wanting

et benencis. to-the-good and beneficent.

Noli igitur, Cato,

Do-not therefore,
Cato,

eripere
take-away

nunc
this
;

fructum
benefit

officii

inferiori
from-the-inferior

generi
clasa

of-duty

hominum
of-men;

sine
allow

qui sperant omnia a nobis, those-men, who hope all from us,
eos,

ipsos
themselves

quoque
also

habere
to-have

aliquid,
something,

quod
Thich

possint
they~ear

tribuere
give

nobis.
us.

Si
If

erit

nihil,

praeter
except

ipsorum
thei/

there-were nothing,

L.M

322
suffragium,
vote,

ORATIO PRO
est
it-is

L.

MURENA.
suffragentur,
they-aid-us,

tenue;
trifling;

si,
if,

ut
that

valent

they -can-avail

nihil
l

gratia.

nothing by (their) influence.

Ipsi denique, ut solent They in-fine, as they-are-accustomed

loqui,
to-say,

possunt
can

non
not

dicere
plead

pro
for

nobis,
us,

non
(can)
not

epondere,
go-security
(for us),

non
(can)

vocare
invite

suam
(us) to-their

domum
houses*

not

%tque
and

petunt
they-ask

omnia
all

haec
these (things)

a
of

nobis,
us,

neque
nor

putant
a
from

posse compensari,
compensate,

quae

consequuntur
they-receive

do-they-think (that) they-can

that-which

nobis
us

ullfi,

alia
other

in-any

re, way,

nisi

sua

opera;.
assistance

unless *by (this) Hheir

Itaque
(and attendance). Consequently

restiterunt
they-resisted

Fabiae legi, et law, both the Fabian

(that

quae
which

est
is

de
concerning

numero sectatorum,
the

number

of-followers,

might be

al-

lowed

to

attend a candidate,)

et senatusconsiilto, and the decree-of-the-senate,

quod
which

factum
poeno,

est, was-passed,

L. Caesare
L.
Csesar

consule.
being-consul.

Enim
For

est
there-is

nulla
no

quae
which

possit
can

excludere
exclude
(or prevent)

observantiam
the regard

punishment,

tenuiorum
officiorum.
l

ab

hoc
this

vetere
ancient

instituto
custom
x

of-the-lower-classes from

of (showing their)

"

At

spectacula
shows

data sunt
were-given

duty-and-zeal (for a candidate).

"But
et and

vulgo
to-the-common-people

tributim,
by
tribes,

vocati
they-were-invited

ad
to

prandium."
dinner."

Etsi
Although

hoc,
this,

judices,
judges,

non
'was

crnnino
at-all

not

factum est
'done

a
by

Murena,
Murena,

autem
but

factum
;

est

ab
by

ejus
his

was-done

amicis
re
py-the-thing

more
ipsa,
itself,

friends in-accordance-with-custom

et modo and mode;

tamen admonitus
however
admonishec

Servi,
Serviua.

recordor
I-remember

quantum
how-much-of [how many]

ORATI0 PRO
punetoruiH,
votes,

L.

MURENA.
habitae had
in
in

323
senatu,
the senate,

hae
these

quaestiones,
discussions,

detraxerint

nobis.

Enim quod tempus

Tor

fuit,

aat

may-have-taken from-us.

what

time

was-there, either

nostra memoria,
in-our

aut
or
(that)

nostrorum
of-our

patrum,
fathers,
in

quo
which

memory,

hoec,
this

sive
(same thing), either

est
be-it

ambitio,
ambition,

sive
or

liberalitas,
liberality,

fuerit non, ut locus

was
not,

daretur,

et

in

circo,

that a place (or seats) might-be-given, both in the circus,

foro et in and in the forum Ho

amicis
(one's) 'friends

et and

tribulibus

?
?

those-of-one's-own-tribe

Primum
First

haec
these

homines
men
a
from
their

tenuiores
(of) the-lower-classes,

qui nondum who 'had not-yet

assequebantur
Obtained

suis

tribulibus
tribe's-men

vetere
in-accordauce-with-old

instituto.
custom.

*
*

*
*

*
*

35.

*
*

*
*

*
*

Praefectum
(That) the praefect,
(or chief)

fabrirm
of-the-artificera

semel
(or military

dedisse
gave

locum
a place
(or seats)

suis
to-his

workmen)
:

once

tribulibus
tribe's-men:

quid
what

statuent
totas
entire

in

primarios
eminent

will-they-decide as-respects

viros, men,

qui
who

compararunt
have-prepared

tabernas
booths

in

circo,

causa

in the circus, for-the-use

tribulium

Item omnia
Also
all

hasc,
these,

Servi,
Servius,

of (their) tribe's-men?

(accusa-

crimen sectatorum, spectaculorum, prandiorum,

fcions

of) the crime

of- followers,

of-shows,

of-dinners,

conjecta

sunt

a
by

multitudine
the multitude

in
to

tuam
your

nimiam
too-great

are-attributed

diligentiam;
diligence

in
;

quibus
which

tamen Murena
however

(and scrupulousness)

in

Murena

defenditur
is-defended

ab
by

auctoritate
the authoritj
7,

senatus.
of-the-senate.

Enim
For

quid
?

what?

Num
*Does then

senatus putat
the senate

crimen prodire obviam

(it)

Hhink

a crime

to-go-out to-meet (any one)!

"

324
(i

ORATIO PRO
;

L.
,

MURENA.
Convince.
does)."
Prove-it.

Non

sed
but
(if)

mercede.'
for-a-reward,

Num
Doe*
Ci

''No:

(it

multos
(the senate think
it

sectari
follow?

Non
"No;

a crime, that)

many
Show,

Bed
but
(it

conductos."
does, if they)

Doce.
(that

are-hired."

Murena has done

Num
this).

dare
(the senate

locum
a place (or seats)

ad
to

Does
?

condemn) giving

spectandum
see

aut
or

invitare
to-invite

ad
to

prandium

(the shows)?

dinner?

Minime;
Not-in-the-least;

"sed
"but

vulgo

passim. "

Quid
What

to-the-multitude without-discinction."

est
is

vulgo ? to-the-multitude?
si
if

" Universos."
" The entire-collection (of citizens).

Non
Xot
loco,
rank.
sit,

igitur,
therefore,

L.
L.

Natta,
Natta,

adolescens
a

summo
(of
)

young-man

the highest

qui, et who, both

et
find

videmus
we-see
(of)

quo
what
(disposition of)

animo
mind
'he

jam
voluit
wished

now 'may -be,

esse
to-be

qualis what (kind

in
with

vir
of)

sit

futurus,
hereafter,

man he-may-be

gratiosus,
in-favour,

centuriis
the centuries

equitum,
of-the-knights,

et
both

ad
for

hoc
this

officium
duty

necessitudinis,
of-friendship,

(and relationship,)

et and

ad
for

tempus
the time

reliquum
to-come,
'will

id
this
;

erit
'be

fraudi,
a crime,
si
if

aut,
or,

crimini

(cause of) accusation

ejus
'to

vitrico

nee,
nor,

Vestalis
a Vestal

virgo,
virgin,

propinqua
a relation

his

step-father;

et and

necessaria
friend

hujus
of- this

concessit
(Murena)
gave- up

suum
her

locum
place

gladiatoribus
et hie and he [Muren&]

huic,

non
culpa.

ilia

et fecit pie,
'act kindly,

in-the-gladiatorial-exhibitions to-him, 'did not

'she then

remotus

est

Omnia
All

haec
these- things

is-removed

from censure.

Bunt
are

officia
the duties

necessariorum,
of-friends,

commoda
the convenience-and-gratification

tenuiorum,
f -the-lower-classes,

munia
(and) the privileges

candidatorum.
of-candidates.

ORATIO PEG

L.

MURENA.

325
ine

At enim
But indeed
et

Cato
Cato

agit
acta

cum
(and argues)
with

austere
austerely,

me

Stoice.
like-a-Stoic

Negat
He-denies
(that)

esse
it-is

verum,
proper,
.

allici
'

and

iliate

benevolentiam
oportere
ought

cibo

negat

judicium
kha the judgment

hominum
of-mcn

by -food: he-denies

corrumpi
*to-be (influenced, or)

voluptatibus
by-pleat
irei

in
in

'corrupted

mandandis
confiding

magistratibus.
(any of)
the magistnwies
si
if
; *

Erg o,
;o

candidates).

Inert

causa

petitionis.

quiany-one

roeat
inrites

ad
to

coenam,
sxl~

in-the-case of-seeking-omce,

condemnetur.
he-may-be-condemnecL

Quippe."
sc

inquit,
iii-he,
:

"tu
do "you

" For-now-ind

petas mihi
sk

summum
(I

imperium.
command,
(do)

tu
you (seek)

would ask)

the highest

summam
the greatest

auctoritatem.
authority,
(do)

tu
you
(ei^

gubernacula
:::

ir.n

reipublicae.
of-the-republie,

fovendis
by-pampering
urinous,
the minds,

sensibus
the senses

hominum,
of-men,

et both
I

deleniendis
':~-h

et

adhibendis
by -ad ministering

voluptatibus

::hing

and

Ctrum,"'

inquit,
says-he,

"petebaa
M did-you-ask

lenocinium
fee Bfration-of-a-pimp

a
from

grege delicatse juventutis. an imperium orbis terrarum

a herd of-effeminate young-men,
or

the

command
orati:
speech

.-.he-world

Romano
Roman

populo?''
people

Horribilis

from the

A horrid
mores.
(our)

but (our)

usus.
customs,
(our modes of)

vita,
life,

manners,

rivitafl the state

ipsa
itself

respuit
(and refutes)

earn.
this.

Tamen
However
istius
of this (your

Deque
neither
'did

Lacedaemonii,
orationis,
.-king,

auctores

vitae

atque
ir_-]

the Lacedaemonians, the authors

mode)

of4ifc
;

qui who

aceumbant
recline to
(their)

quotid:
iiily

:.::.':,

ulis meals

in
on

robore,

neque
28

verc
indeed

C^^zes.
the Cretans,

nemo
no-cii

quorum
of-whoH

Hard-oak (benches), nor

: :

326
unquaru
ever

ORATIO PRO
gustavit
tastes

L.

MUREXA.
retmuerunt
preserve

Cubans,
(any thing) reclining,

sua?
theii

respublicas
republics

melius,
better,

quam
than

Romani
the

homines
people

Roman

qui who
labour

dispertiunt tempora
set-apart

voluptatis que
(for)

laboris
for)

times

pleasure

and (times

quorum
of-these

alteri

deleti sunt

uno

the-one [the Cretans] were-destroyed (as a nation) by-one

adventu
invasion

nostri
of-our

exercitus
army;

alteri
the other [the Lacedaemonians]

conservant
preserve

suam disciplinam que

their discipline

leges,
laws,

prsesidio
by-the-protection

and

nostri imperii.
of-our

empire.

86.

Quare,
Wherefore,

Cato,
Cato,

noli
do-not

reprehendere
reprehend
x

nimiun
with
too

severa oratione instituta

'severe
a speech

majorum, quae
x

res

the customs

of (our) 'ancestors,

which the thin^

ipsa,
itself, (in

quae

diuternitas

the nourishing state of our affairs), which the long continuance

imperii
*of (our)
l

comprobat.
has-shown- to-be-good.

Fuit
There-was

ex
of

eodem
the

empire

same

studio,
study,
[school of the stoics],

eruditus
a learned

vir

apud
among

nostros
our

man

patres,
fathers,

homo
a

et
both

honestus
honest

man
Is, He,

et and

nobilis,
noble,

Q. Tubero.
Q.

Tubero

cum
when

Q.
Q.

Maximus
Maximus
sui
*cf his

daret
gave

epulum
a solemn-feast

(by name).

Romano
to-the-Roman

populo
people

nomine
in-memory

patrui
*uncle

Africani,
Africanus.

rogatus est
was^requested

a
by

Maximo,
Maximus,

ut

sterneret

triclinium,
the cuuch,

that he-should-cover

cum
[prepare a banqueting place],
as

Tubero
Tubero

esset
was

filius
the son

sororis
if-the-s

ejusdem
of-the-same

Africani.
Africanus.

Atque
And
stravit
covered

ille

he

sruditissimus
l

homo,
man,

ac
and

Stoicus,
a Stoic,

most-learned

(menu)

ORATIO PRO
Punicanos
Carthagenian

L.

MURENA.
lioedinis
pelliculis,
l

327
et and

lectulos
couches

with

'little

goats'

skins,

exposuit
set-out

vasa

Samia;
;

quasi vere mortuus

as-if

vessels (of ) Sainian-earthenware

indeed

the dead

cynieus
cynic

Diogenes
Diogenes

honestaretur,
were-honoured,
;

et and

non
not

mors
the death

divini hominis Africani

*of (that)
l

divine

man

Africanus;

quern, whom,

cum Maximua
when

Maximus
egit

laudaret
praised

ejus
on his

supremo
last

die
day [day of
his death]

he-gave

gratias immortalibus diis,

thanks
to-the-immortal
gods,

quod
in
in

ille

vir

because that

man

[Africanus] 'was
;

potissimum
inore-especially

natus esset,
'born,

hac
this

republica
republic;

enim
for

fuisse
it-was

necesse,
a necessary
ibi,
there,

imperium
(consequence, that)
ille the empire

terrarum
of-the-world

esse
must-be

ubi
where

he

esset. might-be

In
(as

a citizen).

At

celebranda

morte

hujus,
of-this

Romanus
the

the celebrating (of) the obsequies

man, (Africanus),

Roman

populus
people

tulit
'were

graviter banc perversam sapientiam perverse wisdom much 'displeased at-this

Tuberonis.
of Tubero.

Itaque
Therefore (he, Tubero,)

integerrimus homo,
a most-honest

man,

et and

optimus
most-excellent

civis,
citizen,

cum

esset

nepos
the grandson

(and)

also-though-he-was

L. Paulli,
of-L. Paullus,

filius,
the son,

ut
as

dixi,
I-said,

sororis
of-the-sister

P. Africani,
of P. Africanus, (ye:)

dejectus est
he-lost
(his election,

prsetura
when a candidate
pelliculis,
'skins.

his

for the) prsetorship, by-theso

haedinis
'little

Romanus
The Roman

populus
people

odit
hate

goat

privatam luxuriam,
private

diligit
love

publicam magnificentiam>
public

luxury,

(and)

magnificence,

non
Hhey-do
not

amat
'love

profusas
profuse

epulas,
banquets,

multo
much

minus
less

sordes
ordidness

et and

inhumanitatem,
meanness,

Distinguit ^hey distinguish (between

325
rationed
ms
a

OEATIC FRO
offieiormn
Df-dnties
;.:

L.

MURESA.
vicissitiidi&eii
Glides

ac
and

temporum,
.: '-;:

:^::ds,

voluptatis.
;:"-_".::...:
B

Xani
Foi
aliiei

quod
that

ais yon-say

raentes
:^e

minds

linam

oportere
.-.-._:

nulla
by-no

re
thing
(else

ad
in

j:

to-be-lndaeed

ianduni raagisrratura,
rring
:v. u. ;._:::: :. .7.

nisi
sxeept

dignitate
by-dignity

;and worth);

ipse,
rselij

in
in

quo
whom

est

snmma
rogas
io-yc n-ask

this

there-is the greatest

dignitas. lignity and worth),

non
l

servas.
'obsei

Enim
I
r

cur
n
7

queraquarn,
ae,

ut
thai

do not

studeat
he-shoo]

tibi.
of) your-interes:

at

adjuvet
mini,
ine,

te

Ta
You

that he-should-helf

yovtl

rogas

me,
bm

ut
thai

praesis
yon-may-be-plaeed-OYei:
tibi.
to-you.

ut
that

ego
I

eommittam
may-c ;___
:

me
nwyself

Quid tandem
^v

Oportet.
Is it-proper,

_;

-.

ft

me
(that)

rogari

istuc
this

aba

te,

an
:r

by-yon,

thai

te yon (be asked

it)

me,
:

ut
thai

suseiphs
yon-shoold-nndeitake

laborem
labour
?

que
and

:_z:

by

me,

iculum

pro
?

mea
my

salute
safety!

Quid
Wha

quod
that

habes
you-have

nomenclatorem
a noi^r^
.

[a slave,

who accompanied

his master

~ered

In
the

eo
this

quidem
indeed

fallis

et

names

::

the atiaeas to him.]

In

y:-u-mi^lead and

decipis.
leceiT

Xani
Fat

si
if

est
it -is

honestum
an honourable (and prai
s

m g)>
te,
you,

tuos
(that,

eives
teOow-eUhfeiis

appellari
esse

nomine
tuo

abs
by

your

shonld-be-addressed by-name

est

turpe
neful,

r:s
(that) they

notiores
noris.

servo,
slave,

shonld-be better-known
si
if

to-yoni

quara
than

tibL
to-yourself.

Sin
But

etiam
aif:

7: /.-might-have-known (there'*

tamen
yet
"

appellandi sunt
ir.ugh custom) they-are (only
x

per
through

'to-be-addressed

0RATI0 PRO

L.

MURENA.
petis cur why do-you-ask
?

329

monitorem,
th suggestion of your)

prompter,

(the

name)

ante,
before,

quam
than

insusurravit

aut
or

quid,
why,

cum
when

he-has-whispered-it-to-you?

admoneris,
you-are-reminded,

tamen salutas
yet

ita,
so,

quasi
as-if

noris
salutas

you-salute (them)

you-had-known

tute
^them) well

?
?

quid posteaquam after why

?
?

designatus

es,

you-are-elected, do-you-saluta

multo
go-much

negligentius
more-negligently

Si dirigas omnia
If you-regulate
all

hsec
these
(things)

ad

rationem

civitatis
of-the-state

recta sunt,
they-are-right,

sin

velia

according to-the-usages

but-if you-wish

perpendere
to-weigh

ad
(them) according-to

prsecepta
the precepts
l

discipline
of (your)
discipline

reperiantur
(and sect)

pravissima.
(to be)

Quare
Wherefore

they-may-be-found

very -had.

nec

isti

fructus
eripiendi
Uo-be-taken

ludorum gladiatorum conviviorum

of-games
of-gladiators

neither these enjoyments

of-banquet3

non
'are

Romanse

plebi,

omnia
all

quae
which

not

froin-the-Roman people,

nostri majores comparaverunt

our
ancestors

prepared,

(and instituted for their

gratifi-

nec est ista benignitas

cation);

adimenda

candidates,

nor

is

this

kindly-feeling to-be-taken-from the candidates,

quae significat liberalitatem magis

which
indicates
liberality

quam
than

largitionem.
bribery.

more

37.

At enim
But

respublica adduxit te ad
led

indeed (the interest of ) the republic

you

to

accusandum.
accuse.

Credo,
I-believe,

Cato,
Cato,
(that)

te you

venisse
came

isto
with-this

animo
mind

et and

ea
with-this

opinione.
opinion.

Sed
But

tu
you

laberis
fall

imprudentia.
by-imprudence (you act imprudently, and
err).

Quod
That-which

ego
I

facio,
do,

judices, facio
judges,

cum
for

gratici

amicitiae

atque dignitatis
and
of- the- worth

I-do

the sake of-the-friendship

L. Murenae, turn
f-L.

clamo
I -proclaim

atque testor
and
attest

me
(that)

facere
do-tt

Murena.

then

28*

:rai::

?:.:

i.

::t7.i:~a.

causa
for-ihe- cause

::::.
of- tranquillity,

::::::.:::,
of-eonecrd,
;aiaa.~aa..
i7.

l:aar:a:a*,

of-peaee,

sa" v.::?.
::-:
:-.--

tl:

V:

a: a
:-:_t^.-t:

a;;.-aaa
.:--=

Aui.:e,
Eri7

n-fit

aadite,

ju 1

ees

consulem,
(your)
consul,
:l:::-.zi

a aa

Li:
i:: :i__ ;.j

Q judges,

I- will-say

nothing

arr: gari::":?.
\I-wifl (only)

say

::ia:aaa c:-i*::ar.:era liiTikir.^ so-much (that I)

de

republica, toto3 dies atqne noctes.

:::::
1175

ill

ni^i

>

L. Ca:ilina
=

non despexit
i:i i
-

17

~i:i jrirrlrTT i-f _: "t:i:.: i

^:.....:

^izUz

atque
aii

contempsit
:.i:r_i

rempublicam
::: :;:: .7:

usque
:.

eo,
:_:.

ut
:n:

aaV-araaarar
ir
_

^
(that)

:\" aa-szraaa
:
.

Lane
:'ii=

civiratem,

._:

he

-.

i-:-i

:..:-

ei
-.:i--_^:
illi

copia,
:.::-

quam
~i;7i

eduxit
ir-'.T i- .1:

cum
-;:i

Be.
i:__

Cor.: Tie :::;:iiZti

patet
crime

latins

quam quisquam
than

of-that

spreads more- widely

any-one

supposes

pertinet
::-;-.ii-

ad
:;

plures.
_:-.:-.

Intus,
'"
.

intus,
-. :i;i

inquam
----7
-=-,

1:1

Trojanus
:

equus
horse

est;
is ;

quo,

m7
I

ale,

-.

7:

; .

by which,

being-consul, *you-wifi

razz

zazz

a;raz:az:a^
Zcclllg
. c.

opprimeminL
i

Quaeris
YoU-ask

Itt:
a

.71 rl:r

al 1

'.

r-

7.

7~i i 1

1.

i:
me
.

vzza az;

za az;aza
irir

Ca:z;zaaa.
LV.i^ie.
z-;
I :Zi7

Nihil;
:i:.:.;
-,:"

of

why

i:n

et

curavi ..--'.

.11:

:j

;i-

t_:^i.-:-17

ir.v

:'il:

Bed

DHiu
ii

Ideo
forces,

hie,
here,

dico
I-say

esse
are

which
v.:
Li

I-see

ma:
V.- :--:-;. 7-1
:

a.;
;

z z; i_isti,

::-

a 1:17

L.
-.f-L.

Oatfliratt,

tarn
iLaza
:ii*.

timeudus,
aza:;::zza.
am*y.

quam
as

o-mueh to-be-feared,

these-here,

qui dicuntur deseruisse who are-said to-hare-deserted

Eziz:
7.7
-.1-7-iiv-:-

non deseruerunt,
.1.-

ich^'.c

tori

ORATIO PRO
relicti
being-left

L.

MURBNA.
insicliis,

331
restiterunt
remained

ab
by

illo

in speculis
as

atque
and

him

out-posts

ambuscades,

in

capite

atque
and

in
against

nostris
our

cervicibus.
ne'ks.

Hi
These

against (our) heads

volunt et integrum consulera, et bonura irnperatorera,

wish
both

an honest

consul,

and

good

commander,

et
(on
3,;

natura
by-nature

et

fortuna
by-fortune

conjunct am cura
united with

who

is)

both

and

salute
the safety

reipublicae,
of-the-repubiie,

deturbari
to-be-overthrown

vestris
by-your

sententiis,
decision,

dejici
(so as)

de
from

prsesidio
the protecting

urbis,
of-the-city,

to-be-removed

et and

de
from

custodia
ego,
I,

civitatis.

Quorum ferrum
Whose

the guardianship of-the-state.

et weapons and

audaciam,
audacity,

judices,
in

in rejeci campo, debiliO judges, have-repulsed in the Carnpus-Martius, I-have-iutirni-

tavi
dated (them)

foro,
(and)
:

srepe
have often
;

etiam
also

cornpressi
'repressed

in the forum,

mere
(their attempts on

domi

si
if

vos

tradideritia

me) in-my-own huuse;

you will-have-given-up

his
to-them

alteram
the one-of-the-two

consulem
consuls

consecuti erunt
they-wiil-have-obtainei

plus much

mult 6
more

vestris
by-your

sententiis.
votes,

quam
man

suis
by-their

gladiis.
swords.

Magni
'It-is

interest,
'consequence,

judices,

esse

duo

of-great

judges, (that) there-should-be two

consules in republica
consuls
in

kalendis

Januariis,
[first

the republic on-the-kalends of-January

of January],

id
that

quod ego
which
I

perfeci,
have-accomplished,

multis many

repugnantibus,
stiiving-against-it.

Nolite arbitrari
Do-not
Vila,

mediocribus
(that)

consiliis,
counsels,

aut usitatia
or

think

by-moderate

the usual

aut
or

*
*

*
*

*
*

Xon hnproba
Xo
bad

lex,
law.

non perniciosa
no
pern

ways,

largitio,
bribery,

non
not

aliquod
any

malum
evil

aliquando
at-any-rlme

auditum
heard-of

quaeritur
te

reipublicae.
against-the-repubiic.

Consilia
Plans

inita sunt
have-been-entered inU

Bought-foi

;; ;

S32
in
in

0RATI0 PRO
hac
this

L.

MURENA.
delendae
of-destroying

civitate,
city,

judices,
judges,

urbis
the town,

trucidandorum civium,
of-massacring

the citizens, of-extinguishing the

extinguendi Romani nominis. name. Roman

cives
citizens

Atque
And
(that)

haec,
these-things,

cives,
citizens,

inquam,
I-say,

(si
(if

est
it-is

fas
rig

eos
they

appellari
be-called

hoc
by-this

nomine),
name),
;

et both

cogitant
think

et and

cogitaverunt
have-thought

de

sua

patria
country;

ego quotidie occurro

I
daily

against their

counteract

consiliis
the plans

horum.
of-these-men.

Debilito
I-weaken
(their)

audaciara,
audacity,

(and)

resisto
resist

sceleri.
(their) wickedness.

Sed
But

moneo
I-admonish

vos,
you,

judices
judges
:
:

meus
my

consulatus
consulship

est
is

jam
now

in

exitu

nolite
do-not
dilidili-

(nearly) in (its) termination

subtrahere
take-from

mihi me

vicarium
one-who-is-to-supply-my-place
(in)

mese my

gentiae;
gence,

nolite
(and care for the republic)
;

eum
*take

adimere,
'away,

do-not

him

cui to-whom

cupio
I-desire

tradere
to-give-over

rempublicam
the republic

incolumem,
safie.

defendendam ab
to-be-defended

his

tantis

periculis.
dangers.

from these so-great

38.

Atque
And

non
'do-you not

videtis, judices,
^ee,
?
?

quid
what

aliud
other evil

judges,

accedat
accedes

ad
to

haec
these

mala
evils

Te,
You,

te, you,

Cato,
Cato,

appello
I-address

nonne
do-you
not

prospicis
foresee

tempestatem
the storm

tui
of-your-own

anni

year

jam enim hesterna concione

<of tribuneship)
?

perniciosa
the pernicious
;

now indeed

in-yesterday's

assembly

rox
quern

tribuni

designati, tui collegae, intonuit

elect,

contra
:

roice of-a-tribune

your colleague, sounded-forth

againsw

mens tua whom your-own mind and foresight

boni
good-men

multum,
(prorided) much, (also)
:

omnes
d'.d

all

providerunt,
provide-again st,

qui who

vocaverunt
requested

te you

ad

ORATIO PRO
petitionem
be-a-candidate
(for)

L.

MURENA.
Onmia,
All,

333
qusa
*?hich

tribunatus.
the tribuneship.

agitata sunt
have-been-agitated

per hoc
(and plotted against the Republic)
for

these (last)

triennium,
three-years,

jam
as

scitis esse you-know to-have-been

ab
from

eo
that

tempore,
time,

quo
in-which

consilium
the plot

initum

L. Catilina
L. Catiline

was-entered-into by

et and

Cn.
Cn.

Pisone interficiendi senatus, erumpunt in hoa

Piso
of massacring

dies,
days,

the senate,

break-out

in

these

in
in

hos
these

menses,
months,

in
in

hoc tempus.
this

Qui locus
What
place

est,
L-there,

time.

judices,
judges,

quod tempus, qui

what
time,

dies,
day,

quae
what

nox,
night,

cum ego
that

what

non
'am
not

eripiar
^natched-from

atque
and

evolem
escape

ex
from

insidiis
the snares

ac
and

mucronibus
Bwords

istorum,
of-these-men,

non
not

solum
only

meo
by-my-otvn

consilio,
counsel
?

(and precaution),

sed etiam multd indeed much but

magis
more-so

divino

by-divine (counsel

Neque
and providence)
?

isti

volunt
'wish

me
me

interfici
to-be-killed

Nor

'do these-men

meo
on-my-own

nomine,
name, [on

sed demovere

my own

individual account,] but

to-remove

vigilantem
a vigilant

consulem
consul

de
from

prsesidio
the guardianship

reipublicae;
of-the-republic;

nee
nor
si
if

minus
'do-they the less

vellent,
'wish,

Cato,
Cato,

tollere
to-remove

te quoque, you also,

possent,
they-could,

aliqua
by-any

ratione;
means; et and te you

id
that

quod,
which,

crede
believe

mihi,
me,

et
(they are)

agunt
attempting
sit

moliuntur.
endeavouring-to-effect).

Vident,
They-see,

both

quantum
how-much

in
in

animi,
of-courage,

quantum
how-much

ingenii,
of-talent,

there-is

quantum
hew-much
reipublicae
the republic;
;

auctoritatis,
of-weight-of-character,

quantum
how-much

praesidii
of-protection (for)

sed
but

cum

viderint tribunitiam vim when they-have-perceived the tribunitian power

&o&
spoliatum
deprived

0RATI0 PRO
consulari
of-the-consular

L.

MURENA.
et and

auctoritate,
authority,

auxilio,
assistanee,

turn
then

arbitrantur,
they-think,
(that)

se

facilius

oppressuros
'oppress

they 'will the-inore-easily

(and over

come)

te you

inermem
defenceless

et debilitatum. and weakened.

Nam
For
'they-do

non
not

timent,
*fear,

ne
lest

consul
(another)

sufficiatur.
should-be-substituted
(in place of

consul

Vident
Murena, should he be condemned).

te

fore
will-be

in
in

They-see (that) you

;

potestate
the power

tuorum collegarum
of-your
colleagues;

sperant
they-hope (that)

Silanum,
Silanus,
4

clarum
an
illustrious

virum,
man,

te sine consult , without a colleague, you without a consul,

sine

collega;,

rempublicam
the republic

sine
without

praesidio,
a protection,

posse
may-be

objici
exposed

sibi. to-them

In
(in their attacks

his
these

tantis
such-great

rebus,
affairs,

que
and

in
in

on

it).

In

tantis
euch-great

periculis est
dangers
it-is

tuum,
your
part,

M.

M.

Cato, qui natus es Cato, who are-born

videre quid
to-see

non mihi, non

not
for-me,

tibi, patriae, sed not for-yourself, but 'for your 'country,

what

agatur
may-be-done

retinere adjutorem, defensorem,

to-retain

sociura
(and)
associate

an assistant,

defender,

in
In

republica,
the republic, (as)

consulem,
consul,

consulem
a consul

non
not

cupidum,
ambitious,

(quod
(or desirous of change),

hoc
this (present)

tempus
time

maxime
greatly

(which

postulat) constitutum
requires)

fortuna ad amplexandura
'by (his) 'fortune
to

formed

embrace

otitum
(and enjoy)
ease and leisure;

scientia
with-the-knowledge

ad
to

gerendum
carry-on

bellum
war;

animo
of-

mind

et and

usu
experience

ad
for

quod
any

negotium
businesp

velis. /ou-may-wish.

39.

Quanquam,
Although,

omnis
all

potestas
the power

hujusce
of-this

rei
affair

:.-.._-.:::

:.

ic.

-~~

\\:

836
unde
whence

0RATI0 PRO
nos
we

L.

MURENA.
aut
ubi
where

reficiamus,
may-repair
(our strength),

lap^i
fallen

or

resistamus.
we^niav-resist.

Non
Not

solum
only

auxilia,
the resources,

quse
which

habemus
we-have
si
if

non
'are

minuenda,
'to-be-diniinished,

sed
but

etiam
also

nova,
new-ones,

possit
it-can

not

fieri

comparanda.
are-to-be-procured.

Enim
For

be-done

hostis est the enemy is

non apud
not

on

Anienem, quod,
the Anio,

Punico
urbe,
the city,

which, in-the-Punic

bello war

visum

est

gravissithe most-grievous-

appeared

mum,
thing,

sed
but

in
in

in
in

foro
the forum

(immortales
(0 immortal

dii gods!

potest
can

hoc
this

dici
be-said

sine
without

gemitu
a sigh
illo
this

;)

etiam
also

est
there-is [are]

;)

non-nemo
some

hostis
enemies

in
in

sacrario
sanctuary

reipublicse,
of-the-republic,

inquam
I-say

non nemo
(there are)

in

curia

ipsa.

Dii
'May
the gods

some

in the senate-house itself.

faxint, ut
grant,

meus
my
hoc
this

collega, fortissimus vir,

colleague,

armatus,
armed,
;

that

a most-brave

man, 'may,

opprimat
'suppress

nefarium
nefarious

latrocinium
armed-robbery

Catilinse
of-Catiline;

egc
I

togatus,
a civilian,

vobis
you

que
and

omnibus
all

bonis
consilio

adjutoribus,

good (men) being-assistants,

discutiam et
will-dispel

comprimam
crush

hoc periculum,
this

and

'by (my) 'counsel

danger

quod conceptum,
which
conceived
(in it),

respublica
the republic si
fiet,

parturit.
is-about-to-bring-forth.

Sed
But

quid
what
'will

tandem
in-fine

hsec,

elapsa

de nostris
our

'happen,

if these-things,

escaped from

manibus,
hands,

redundarint,
Erit

in

eum annum,
that
year,

qui
which

should-make-their-appearance in

consequitur?
follows
(this)?

unus consul,
consul,

There-will-be (only) one

et is and he

non
not

occupatus
oc upied

in
in

administrando
conducting

bello,
warlike-affair3,

sed
but

in
in

sufficiendo

collegua.

Jam

qui

procuring-tb^-election-of-a-colleague, (in the consulship).

Xow those-whr

ORATIO PRO
impedituri sint
will-hinder

L.

MURENA.
*
*
ilia
that

337
pestis,
pest,

hunc
him

*
*

*
*

immanis
enormous
;

importuna,
dangerous,

prorumpet,
will-break-forth,

qua
where
;

potent
it-can

et

jam

and already

ninatur
L-is-threatening

Romano
the

populo
people;

repente
suddenly

advolabit in
it-will-fly

Roman
;

to

suburbanos agros
the suburban

furor versabitur in castris, timor

fury
will-prevail
in

districts;

the camp,

fear

in
in

curia,
the senate-house,

conjuratio
conspiracy

in
in

foro,
the forum,
;

exercitus an army
in
in

in
in

Campo,
sede
habitation

vastitas

in
in

agris

autem
but

omni
every

the Campus-Martius, devastation

the country;

ac
and

loco
place

metuemus
we-fear

flammam
the
fire

que
and

ferrum.
the sword.

Quae
(These things), which
'are

jamdiu
for-a-long-time

comparantur,
prepared,

omnia
all

ista
these

eadem,
same,

si
if

respublica

ornata erit
et

suis

the republic should-be-provided 'with her (proper)

praesidiis,
l

facile
'will

comprimentur
^oe-repressed
;

consiliis

defences,

easily

both by-the-counsels

magistratuum,
of-the-magistrates,

diJigentia et and by-tiie-diligence

privatorum.
of-private-persons.

40.

Quae,
Which-things,

judices,
judges,

cum
as

sint
they-are

ita,
so,

primum,
in-the-first-place,

causa
for-the-sake

reipublic,

qua nulla
no

res
thing

debet esse
ought
to-be

of-the-repu jlic, (than) which

potior
dearer

cuiquam,
to-any-on<",

moneo
I-admonish

vos

pro

mea summa
my
very-great

you on-account-of

diligentia
diligence

in
(and zeal) in
(the affairs of)
7

rempublicam
the republic

et and

(well)

cognita known
hortor,

vo

jis,

pro
on-account-of (my)

consulari
consular

auctoritate
authority

to-you,

pro
otio,

magnitudine
ut
paci,

periculi

obtestor,
I-entreat

*-exhort (you),

on-account-of-the-greatness of-the-danger

ut
r

ut

saluti,

ut
that

(}

ou), that

for-tranquillity, that for-peace, that 'for (your) Safety,

vestrae vitae et, life and for-your

ceterorum
(that), of-the-rest

civium,
of-the-citizens,

consulatis
youwould-consult,

29

338

0RATI0 PRO

L.

MURENA.
officio by-the-dutj

deinde ego, adductus

(and take measures);

defenof-a-de-

next

I,

induced

soris
fender,

et and

amici,
of-a-friend,

oro
do-pray

atque
and

obsecro,
entreat,

j idices, judges,

vestram
your

fidem,
good-faith,

ut
that
x

ne
you-do not

obruatis Overwhelm
L.

recentem
the recent

gratulationem
felicitations

miseri
of-a-distressed

hominis,
man,

L. Murense,
Murena,

et and

confecti
afflicted

cum morbo
with
disease

corporis,
of-body,

turn

dolore

animi,

as-well-as with- distress of-mind,

novS.
beneficio
favour

lamentatione.

Modo
Just

ornatus

maximo
fortunatus,
fortunate,

by-a-new (cause of) lamentation.

honoured with-the-greatesfc

Romani
of-the-Roman

populi,
people,

videbatur
he-seemed-to-be

quod
because 'he

primus
first

attulisset ^ad-brought

consulatum in
(the

honour of) the consulship into

veterem
an old

familiam,
family,

primus
(and)
first

in
into

antiquissimum
a most-ancient

municipium; nunc
municipality;

idem
confectus
afflicted

sordidus
(on

now

the same-person (of) squalid-appearance,

squalore,
account of
his),

morbo,
with-sickness,

perditus
spent

neglected-dress,

lacrymis
with-tears

ac
and

moerore,
sorrow,

est
is

vester
your

supplex,
suppliant,

judices,
judges,

obtestatur vestram fidem, implorat

he-invokes

misericordiam,
compassion,

your

good-faith, he-implores (your)

intuetur
Nolite,
Do-not,

vestram

potestatem,
power,

ac
and

vestras
to-your

opes.
might.

he- earnestly -looks to-your

per immortales
by
re,
the immortal

deos,
gods,

judices,
judges,

privare
deprive

eum
him

hac
orem,
oured,

qua
etiam

putavit,
(that)

se
he

fore
would-become

honesti*
more-hon-

of-that thing,

by -which he-thought,

ceteris
of-other

honestatibus
honours,

ante
(which he had) before

(but)

also

partis,
ebtained,

atque omni
and
of-all (his)

dignitate que fortuna;.

dignity

Itaque
Therefore

and

fortune.

ita,
so,

judices,
judges,
'does

L.
L.

Murena
Murena

orat atque obsecrat vos,

*pray

and

entreat

you.

ORATI0 PKO
si

L.

MURENA.
si
if

339
violavit
he-has-offended

injuste

laesit

neminem;
no-one
;

(that) if 'he-has unjustly

Hnjured

aures ve voluntatem nullius

the ears or
desires

si,
if,

ut
as

levissime
'I-nay most-nioderately

of-no-one:

dieam,
'say,

fuit he-was

odio
(a cause of)

nemini,
locus

nee

domi

nee
nor

hatred

to-no-one, neither at-home

militiae,
in-war,

sit

apud
with

vos
you

modestiae,
(for)

may-there-be

an asylum

moderation,

sit may-there-be (with you)

sit

perfugium
a refuge

demissis
for-dejected

hominibus,
men,

auxilium

pudori.

may-there-be (with you)

encouragement for-modesty.

Spoliatio The depriving

misericompas-

consulates
of-the-consulship

debet, judices, habere

ought,
judges,
to-excite

magnam
great

cordiam.
siun
(in you).

Enim
For

una
together

cum
with

consulatu
the consulship

omnia
all-things

eripiuntur.
are-taken-away.

Yero,
Indeed,

his
in-these

temporibus,
times,

consulatus
the consulship

ipse potest habere nullam invidiam.

itself

can

have

no

envy.

[The consulship

is

not

Enim
to be envied.]

objicitur concionibus
(the consul)

sedi-

For

is-exposed to-the-harangues of-the-

tiosorum, insidiis conjuratorum,

seditious,

telis

Ca-

to-the-plots

of-conspirators,

(and) to-the-weapons of-Ca-

tilinse
tiline;

denique opponitur solus ad omne periculum,

in-fine

it-is-opposed

alone

to

every

danger,

atque ad
and
to

omnem
all

invidiam.
sit

Quare,
Wherefore,

judices,
judges,

(kinds of ) unpopularity.

non video quid invidendum

'I-do

Murenae, aut
(in)

not

'see

what

may-be-envied

Murena,

or

cuiquam nostrum, in hoc praeclaro

ony-one
of-us,

consulatu.
(office of)

in

this

distinguished

consulship.

Vero
But
(those things)

quae
which

sunt
are

miseranda,
to-be-commiserated
[in
it),

ea
these

versantur
are-pre^ent

ante
before

mihi
(my)

oculos,
eyes,

et

and

you

vos potestis videre may see

perspicere. et tnd clearly-perceive them).

v

*m

840
41.

0KATI0 PRO
Si
If

L.

MUREXA.
Jupiter
avertat
!)

(quod

omen
omen

^ay

Jupitei

'avert!;

afflixeritis

hunc
vertet
*turn

vestris
by-your

sententiis,
sentence,

quo
whither
?
'will

you-shculd-condemn this-ruan

miser
the-miserable-man

se

domumne
home?
sui
his

ut
at

earn
that

himself?
viri.

imagmem

clarissimi
of-a-most-illusrrious

parentis,
parent,

age
a few

quam
which

man,

paucis

diebus
days

ante,
before,

conspexit
he-had-beheld

laureatam,
erowned-with-laurels,

in
foi

sua

gratulatione,
:
:

rideat
he-may-see
?

eandem
the

deformatam
(now)
igured

d ^ratulation,

same

ignominia
with-ignominy

que
and

lugentem

an
whether

ad

matrem. quae
who
con(as) con-

in-mourning?

to (his) mother,

inisera
wretched

modo
-;mn)
1

osculata
'kis^.!

suum
her

filium
son

had

just

sulem.
s/.l.

nunc

cruciatur
tormented

et and

sollicita est.

ne
lest

paullo
:

post conspiciat
:

eundem spoliatum omni

him
deprived
of-all (his)

dignitate

she-may-behold

dignity

Sed quid
(and honours)
?

ego
I

appello
'mention

matrem aut
n
or

But

why Mo

domum. quern nova poena

home,

legis

privat.
deprives,

the

new

penalty f-the-law

domo et both of-home

of-aU

et parente.

consuetudine
(and) of-the-intercourse

que conspectu omnium

and
sight

and

parent,

suorum.
his

relations and acquaintanirs

ibit miser Igitur 7_rrefore the miserable-man will-go

in
into

exsilium
en

Quo
multos
::r-many

ne
annos
years

ad
to

partes (Mentis, in
the parts of-the-East,
in

Where? whether

quibus

fuit he-was

legatus.
a lieutenant,

et

duxit
led

and

and
?

exercitus.

et

gessit

magnas
::r:.:

res

At
But

Bammanded

armies,

'

and performed

things?

habet
-.

magnum
great

dolorem
sorrow

reverti

eodem
honore.
honour.

cum

nons

to-retorn to-the-aame-

i^nominia,
rs

unde
whence
;

decesseris
:.

cum
with

An
But

_- 7

0RATI0 PRO
abdet
se

L.

MI7RENA.

34)
ut
as

in

eontrariam
a different

partem terraruin,
par:
of-the-earth,

ihould-he-hid* himself in

Transalpina Gallia, quern nuper whom laiely Ht Gaul, Transalpine

libentissiroe viderit
most-willingly

'saw

cum
(invested)

summo
supreme

imperio.
power,

videat

eundem

with

(now) may-see the same-person

?

lugentero, moerentem
mourning,
grieving

exsulem
(and;

In ea provincia
In that
province

an exile

porro,

quo
?

animo,
qui
what
?

adspiciet
would-he-behold

suum fratrem,
his
?

moreover, with-what state-of-niind,

brother,

C.
C

Murenam
Murena?

erit

dolor

hujus

qui
what
?

will-be the grief of-this-one ? [Hnrena]

moeror

illius

quae lamentatio utriusque

what the lamentation

the sadness of-that-one? [his brother]

of-both?

autem quanta perturbatio

but

fortunae.
of-fortune,

arque
and

sernionis,
of-s;:

what
locis

an alteration

quod, in
that,

quibus

paucis diebus
a few

ante.
before.,

nuntii
messengers,

in the places in-which

days

que liters
and
letters

celebrassent,
et nude and whence

Murenam
Murena

had-joy fully-announced, (that)

esse factum was- made

consulem,
consul,

hospires atque amici concur(his)

guests

and

friends

had-

rerint
flocked

Romam
to-P.ome

gratulatum,
suae
si
if

repente
calamitatis
calamity?

eo
there
?

accedat
arrives

to-congratulate (him), suddenly

ipse
si
if

nuntius
sunt
acerba.
harsh,

Quae
Whieh-thlnga

the same messenger (with the news) of-his

misera,
(they are)
miserable,

si
if

they-are

(they are)

luctuosa,
lamentable,

si
if

alienissima a vestra mansuetudine

(they are)

most-foreign

to

your

clemency

et misericordia, mercy, and

judices.
judges.

conservate
preserve
(for

beneficium
him)
the favour

Romani
consulem
the consul

populi
(that they
:

reddite
have conferred on him);
rest: re

f-the-Roman people,

reipublicae
to-the-republic

date
grant

hoc
this

pudori
to-the-modesty

ipsius,

date
x

mortuo
(it)

patri. date
father,

of-the-man-himself, grant

to (his)

dead

grant

(it) 'to

(hisj

29*

342

OKATIO PRO

L.

MURENA.

generi et familise, date

kindred and
family,

etiam Lanuvio honestissimo

(it)

grant

also

to-Lanuvium a most-honourable
vidistis

municipio,

quod
in
in

frequens
thronging

que
and

municipality, (the inhabitants of) which you-have-seen

rnoestum
Bad

tota
all

hac
this

causa.
cause.

Nolite
Do-not

avellere
tear

a
from

patriis

sacris

Junonis Sospitae,
of-Juno
Sospita,

the paternal sacrifices

est eui to-whom it-is

necesse
necessary

omnes
(for)
all

consules
consuls

facere,
to-sacrifice,

domesticum
her-domestic
si
if

et and

suum
her

potissimum consulem.
most-especial
consul.

Quern ego, Whom I,

aut
or

commendatio
(my) recommendation

habet
have

quid
any

momenti,
weight,

mea
my
so

confirmatio
strong-assurance (any)

auctoritatis,
authority,
(I)

consul, judices, ita

consul,

commendo consulem,
recommend
the consul

judges,

ut promittam et
(elect),

spondeam,

futurum esse
(that)

that

I-promise

and will-answer-for-him,
otii,

he- will-be

cupidissimum
most-desirous

studiocissimum
most-anxious

of-tranquillity (in public affairs),

bonorum, acerrimum contra seditionem,

(for the welfare)

of-good-men,

most-active

against

sedition,

fortissimum in bello, inimicissimum huic conjurationi,

most-brave
in

war,

most-inimical

to-this

conspiracy

qu<Te
(of Catiline),

nunc labefactat rempublicam.

shakes
the republic.

whim now

ORATIO

TEE ORATION
M. TULLII CICEKONIS, OF M. TULLIUS CICERO,
PRO

FOR
Q.

LIGARIO.

Q.

LiaARIUS.

1.

Meus
My

propinquus, Q. Tubero, detulit

relation,

Q.

ad te, Tubero, has-brought before you,

C.

Caesar,
C. Caesar,

novum,
a new,

et and

ante
before

hunc diem, inauditum

this

day,

unheard-of
;

crimen,
crime,
(that)

Q. Ligarium
Q.

Ligarius

fuisse was

in
in

Africa
Africa;

que 0.
and
C.

Pansa,
Pansa,
a

vir

praestanti
(of) excellent

ingenio,
talent,

fretus
trusting

fortasse
perhaps
(to)

man

ea familiaritate, quae est

that
familiarity,

which

is

cum ei to-him with

confiteri.
to-confess-it.

te,
you,
[familiarity, that

ausus est
exists

Itaque

nescio

between ^rou,] has-ventured

Therefore I-know-not

quo
where

vertam
I-may-turn

me.
myself.

Enim
For

veneram
I-had-come
te,

paratus,
prepared,

quum
us

tu

neque

scires

id
it

per

neque potuisses
nor
could-have

you neither

knew

of yourself,

audire
Heard
(it)

aliunde,
any- where,

ut

abuterer

tua

ignoratiorie
ignorance

that I-might-abuse your

ad salutem
f)r

miseri

hominis.
man.

Sed quoniam
But
because
(343)

quod
that-which

the safety of-a-miserabl6

344
latebat,

ORATIO PRO
diligentia

Q.

LIGARIO.
inimici investigatum est,
has-been-discovered,

was-ecneealed, ly-the-diligence 'of (his) 'enemy

confitendum

est,

ut
as

opinor
I-suppose

;
;

it-inust-be-eonfessed,

prsesertim quuni especially when

meus
my
now

neeessarius Pansa
friend

fecerit,
has-aeted
(so),

ut
that

id
it

esset
would

non jam
not

Pansa

integrum
be-in-my-power
(to

que controversial
deny
it):

ornissa,

omnis
all

and

controversy being-omitted,

oratio
(my) speech

conferenda est
must-be-addressed

ad
to

tuam
your

misensordiam
mercy

qua
by-which

plurimi many

conservati sunt,
have-been-preserved,

quum
when

impetravissent
they-had-besought

te

non
not

liber ationem
a release

culpa?,
(from) crime,

sed
but

veniam
pardon
(for)

from you

errati.
error.

Igitur,
Therefore,

Tubero,
Tubero,

babes,
you-have,

quod
what

est
is

maxim e
greatly
;

optandum

accusatori,
an accuser,

confitentem
a confessing

reum
in
in

sed
but

to-be-wished-for (by)

defendant;

tamen confitentem
however
confessing

hoc,
this, (that)

se
he

fuisse was

ea
that

parte,
part

qua
[Africa,] in- which

qua te, you, (were), in- which

praise (was).

tuum
your

patrem,
father,

virum
a

man

dignum
Worthy
(of)

omni laude.
all

It a que
Therefore

est prius necesse

it-is

first

necessary

confitemini
(that)

de

vestro
your-own

delicto,
fault,

quam
than
(that)

you-confess

reprehendatis
you-may-reprehend

ullam
any

culpam
fault

Ligarii.
of-Ligarius.

Enim
For
belli,
of-war,

Q. Ligarius,
Q.

quum
when

esset
there-was

nulla
n*

suspicio
suspicion

Ligarius,

profectus est
went
;
:

in
to

Africam,
Africa,

cum
with

C.
C.

Considio,
Considius,

legatus

in
in

qua
which

legatione,
lieutenancy,

probavit
he-proved

se
himself

ita,
so,

as-lieutenant

et
(acceptable), both

civibus
to-the-citizens

ut sociis, et and to-the-a$ies, that

Considius,
Considius,

decedens
(on)

provincia,
from-the-province,

posset
could

non
not

satisfacere
have-satisfied

departing

ORATIO PRO
hominibus.
the people,

Q.

LIGARIO.

345

si
if

praefecisset
he-had-placed

alium
any

quemquam
other-whatever (over)

provincise.
the province.

Itaque
Therefore

Ligarius
Ligarius

quum
when

diu
(by) long

recusans
refusing

profecisset
cui

nihil,

invitus

accepit provinciam;
the province;

he-had-accomplished nothing, against-his-will he-accepted

proefuit

sic
so

in
in

pace,
peace,

ut
that

ejus
his

integritas ac
integrity

over-which he-presided

and

fides

esset

gratissima,
most-acceptable,

et

civibus

good-faith were

both Ho (our) Citizens

et sociis. and allies.

;

Subito

bellum
qui erant
were

exarsit

quod
which

On-a-sudden the war, (between Pompey and Caesar)

broke-out;

in
in

Africa
Africa

audierunt
heard-of
(its

(war) those-who

actually)

geri,

ante
audito,

quam
partim
partly

parari.
preparations-were-made
(for it).

being-waged, before (they heard) that

Quo
Which

inconsiderata
by-inconsiderate

cupiditate,
zeal,

being-heard,

partim
partly

quodam
some

caeco
blind

timore,
fear,

quaerebant
they-sought-for

(on account of)

aliquem
some-one

ducem, primo
(as) leader,
at-first,

salutis,

post

(indeed, for the sake) of-safety, afterwards

etiam
also

sui

studii;
zeal;

quum
when

Ligarius
Ligarius

spectans
looking

(led by) their-party

domum,
(towards)

cupiens
(and)
desiring

redire
to-return

ad sues,
to

home,

his

(relations

and

passus est
friends),

se

implicari

nullo

negotio.
business.

suffered

himself to-be-implicated in-no (such)

Interim
Africam,
Africa,

P. Alius Varus, qui

Atius

praetor obtimierat
(as; praetor
;

In-the-mean-time P.

Varus,

who

had-obtained

venit
came

Uticam
to-Utica;
ille

statim

concur-

(as his province,)

immediately there-was-

sum

est

ad
to

eum.
him.

Atque
And

arripuit
seized
si
if

imperium,
on-the-

a-flocking

he

command,
esse
be

non
Vith
no

mediocri
moderate

cupiditate,
Cupidity,

illud
that'

potuit
could

imperium, quod deferebatur ad

eommand,
which was-eonferred

privatum,

clamore

on a private-person, by-the-clamoui

346

RATIO PRO

Q.

LIGARIQ
nullc publico
public

imperitaB multitudinis,
of-an-igno.att

mob,

(and having the sanction of) no

ccmsilio.
council.

Itaque
Therefore

Ligarius,
Ligarius,

qui who

cuperet
desired

effugere
to-

avoid

omne
all

tale
such

negotium,
affairs,

conquievit
rested

paulum

adventu

for-a- while by-the-arrival

Vari.
of-Vari.

2.

Adhuc,
To-this-point,

C. Caesar, Q. Ligarius vacat

C.

omni

Caesar,

Q.

Ligarius

is-free from-all

culpa.
blame.

Egressus est domo non

He-left

modo
only,
(for the

home

not

purpose of

ad nullum bellum, sed ne quidem ad minimam

joining) in

no

war,

but not

indeed

with

the least

suspicionem
suspicion
(of

embarking

in any)

belli; war;

profectus
he-went

legatus
(as) a lieutenant

in
in

pace,
(time of) peace,
l

ita he so

gessit Conducted
ei

se

in

pacatissima
a most-peaceable

himself in

provincia, ut
province,
that

expediret
it-advantaged

pacem
(that)

him

peace (should continue)

esse.
to-be.

Profectio
(His)

certe
(from
;

debet
ought

non
not
?

departure

Rome)

certainly

offendere
to-offend

tuum animum
your

mind;

num igitur then-why therefore

nam
for
(his)

remansio
(his)

remaining

Multd
(in Africa)
?

minus
less

profectio
going-thither

habuit
had

Much

non turpem voluntatem,

no
discreditable
intent,
(so)

etiam
also
(his)

remansio
remaining (there was)

honestam
au honest

necessitatem.
necessity.
:
:

Ergo
Therefore

haec
these

duo
two

tempora
periods

carent crimine

unum, quum profectus

the one,

est

legatus

are-free fro m-reproach

when

he-went

(as) lieutenant;

alterum
the other

quum

efflagitatus a provincia propositus est when being-importuned by the province he-was-placed-over

Africse.
Africa.

Tertium
The
third

tempus,
period,

est
is

quo
(that)

post
after

in-which

adventum
the

Vari
of- Varus

arrml

restitit he-remained

in
in

Africa:
Africa

quod
which

si
if

est
it-ia

0RATI0 PRO

Q.

LIGARIO

347
non
not

criminosum
criminal

est
is

crimen
a crime

necessitatis,
of-necessity,

voluntatis,
of- will.

An
Whether

ille,
he,

si
if

potuisset ullo
he-could

modo

evadere,
Atio,

maluisset

in-any manner have-escaped, would-rathe?

esse
be

Uticae,
at-Utiea,

quam Romse,
than

cum P.
with
P.

quam
cum
with

at-Rome,

Atius (rather), than

cum
with
(his)

concordissimis
most-united
(and beloved)

fratribus,
brothers,

alienis,
strangers (rather),

quam cum
than
with

suis ?
his-friends-and-relations?

Quum
When
(his)

legatio
government
(in Africa)

ipsa
itself

fuisset was

plena
full

desiderii
of-regret

ac
and

sollicitudine,
solicitude,

propter

quendam incredibilem amorem

some
incredible
affection

on-account-of

fratrum, potuit hie esse

(for his)

aequo
belli?

animo,
mind,

brothers,

could

he

be

in-an-easy-state (of )

distractus
separated

a
from

fratribus,
(his) brothers,

discidio

Igitur,
Therefore,

by-the-discords of-war?

Caesar,
Caesar,

babes adbuc nullum signum, in Q. Ligario,

you-have
as-yet

no

sign,

in

Q.

Ligarius,

alienae

voluntatis

a
towards

of-an -unfriendly disposition

te. you.

Animadverte,
Observe,

ego quseso
1
entreat
;

qua

fide

defer) dam

causam
the cause

(you) with-what confidence (in you) I-defend

cujus

prodo meam,

admirabilem clementiam,
admirable
clemency,

of-this-man; (and) declare my-own,

atque
Uteris

decorandum
que
and

laude

omnium, prsedicatione,
of-all,

and (worthy) to-be-celebrated by-the-praise

by-proclamation,

monumentis
monuments!

M.Cicero defendit
M.
Cicero

by-written-records

defends

alium
(and pleads
for)

apud
before

te,

another

you, (who)

fuisse was

non
not

in
in

ea
that

voluntate,
disposition
(of

in mind against you),

fuisse,
was,
in

qua
which

confitetur
he-confesses

(thaO

se
he

ipsum
himself

nee
nor

extimescit
does-he-dread

tuas
your

tacitas
silen*

cogitationes,
thoughts,

nee
nor

reformidat
does-he-fear

quid
what

occurrat
may-occur

;!

348
tibi,

ORATIO PRO
de
se ipso,
himself,

Q.

LIGARIO.
d*
is

audienti
(while)

to-you, concerning

hearing, (what he

pleading) fof

alio.
another.

3.

Vide,
See,

quam
that

non reformidem!
^-ani not
Afraid
(to

express

my

vide
opinion before you)
!

quanta
how

lux
the light

tuae
of-your

liberalitatis,
liberality

see

et and

sapientiae wisdom

oboriatur
rises

mihi
on-me

dicenti
speaking

apud
before

te you!

contendam
I-will-raise

voce quantum
(my) voice

potero,

ut

Romanus
the

as-much-as I-shall-be-able, that

Roman

populus
people

exaudiat
may-hear

hoc.
it.

Bello
The war

suscepto,
being-undertaken,

Caesar,
Caesar,

etiam
also

ex
for

magna
a great

parte
part
(already)

gesto,
carried-on,

coactus

nulla

vi,
force,
x

judicio
from (my own) 'judgment

ac
and

voluntate
free-will

constrained by-no

profectus
I-went

sum

ad
to

ea
those

arma,
arms,

quae
which

sumpta erant
were-taken-up

contra
against

te. you.

Apud
fl joined the armies

opposed

to you.]

Before

quern whom

igitur
then

dico
do-I-say

hoc?
this?

Nempe apud eum,

Indeed
before

him,

qui who
vidit he-saw

quum
when

sciret
(though) he-knew

hoc,
this,

tamen
yet

antequam
before

me,
me,

reddidit
restored

reipublicae:
(me) to-the-republic:

qui who

misit
sent

literas
letters

ad
to

me
me
qui, who,

ex
from

iEgypto,
JEgypt,

ut

essem

idem,

qui

fuissem;
;

that I-might-be the same, which I-had-been

quum
when
empire

ipse
he-himself

esset
was

unus
the one (sole)

imperator,
commander,

in

toto

in the entire

imperio
a
from

Romani

populi, passus est

suffered

me
me

esse alterum
to-be

of-the-Roman people,

the other;

quo,

hoc
[Csesar],
this

whom

ipso same

C. Pansai
C.

perferente
(came)
bringing

Pansa

mihi hunc nuntium

one
this

tenui

concessos
conceded (faces of a

message

(that) I-inight-retain the

ORATIO PRO

Q.

LIGARIO.

349
putavi
I-taought

laureatos,
iccessful

quoad
as long-as

commander)

wreathed-with-laurel,
;
:

tenendos
('pre

per),

(that) they-inight-be-kept

qui who

turn
then

denique putavit
at-last

thought

se
(that)
x

reddere mihi salutem,

me
safety,

si

dedisset
he-gave

he (did not properly) *grant

unless

earn
it

spoliatam
despoiled

rtullis
of-no

ornaraentis.
honours-and-dignities.

Vide
See,

quaeso,
I-pray

Tubero,
(you),

ut,
that (I),

Tubero,

qui who

non dubitem dicere

!

de

do not

'hesitate

to-speak concerning

meo
my-own
dixi

facto,
actions,

audeam
may-dare
(to

de

Ligarii.

Atque
And
ut
that

speak) of (those) of-Ligarius.

haec

propterea
on-that-account

de
concerning

me.
myself,

I-have-said these-things

Tubero
Tubero

ignosceret
may-pardon

mihi me

quum
when

dicerem
que
and

eadem
ego
I

I-say the same-things

de
faveo,
applaud,

se

cujus
whose

industries
industry

concerning himself;

gloriae renown

vel
either

propter
on-account-of (our)

propinquam cognationem,
near
relationship,

vel
or

quod
because

delector
I-am-pleased. 'with

ejus
his

ingenio
'talents

que
and

studiis,
zeal,

vel
or

quod existimo
because
I-think

laudem
(that) the praise

adolescentis

prore-

of-a-young-man (my)

pinqui,
Jation,

etiam
also

redundare
redounds
:

ad
to

aliquem fructum
some
advantage (of)

meum.
my-own.
fuisse

Sed quaero hoc

But
I-ask
this:
?

quis who
Is

putat
thinks
(it)

esse
to-be

crimen,
a crime,

in

Africa
Africa?

nempe,
indeed,

^o-have-been in

(Why) he

qui et ipse who both himself

se
[that)

voluit
wished

esse
to-be

in
in

eadem Africa,
the same
Africa,
;

et and

queritur,
complains,

ha

prohibitum

Ligario
Ligarius
;

et

certe

congressus est
assembled

was-prctibited by

and (who) certainly

armatus
(with others)

contra
,

Ciesarem
Caesar

ipsum.
himself.

Quid
What
?

armed

against
ille

enim,
indeed,

Tubero,
Tubero,

tuus destrictus gladiua agebat

your

'did that

drawn

sword

de

30

350
in
in

0RATI0 PRO
acie

Q.

LIGARIO.
latus
side

Pharsalia? .cujus
whose

ille

nmcr
swor,

tie

battle (of ) Pharsalia?

'was

that

petebat?
(of yours) 'ainied-at?

qui # erat
what
was

sensus
oculi,
eyes,

tuorum
of-your

the meaning (and intent)

armorum?
arms?

quae
what

tua
your
?
?

mens,
mind,

manus
?
?

ardor
XJrgeo

hands, (and) ardoui

animi
of-soul
?

quid cupiebas
adolescens
;

quid optabas
videtur
seems

what did-you-desire

what did-you-wish

(But) I-am-urging

nimis;
too-strongly

commoveri:
to-be-moved:

revertar
I-will-return

the

young-man
in

ad
to

me
4.

fui

armis
arms

in
in

iisdem.
the

myself;

I-was (also) in

same

(cause).

Autem
But

quid
what

aliud,
else,

Tubero,

egimus, nisi, Tubero, are-we-in-want-of, unless,

ut

quod hie
he
[Caesar]

potest,
can-do, (in acts of clemency,)

nos
igitur,
therefore,

that which

possewe might-beest
is

mus
laus

Quorum
Whose
tuge

impunitas
impunity

Caesar,
Caesar,

able-to-do?

clementiae,
clemency,

oratio

eorum ipsorum,
same-men,
?

the praise of-your

^hall the speech of-these

acuet
(the accusers,)
x

stir

te you 'up

ad crudelitatem
to

Atque
And

in
in

cruelty?

hac
this

causa,
cause,

Tubero,
Tubero,
'I

equidem
indeed

desidero
x

nonnihil,

miss

in-some-degree,

etiam tuam
not-only

prudentiam, sed multo magis

prudence,

tui
(that) of-your

your
;

but

much

more

patris
father;

quod
because
(this)

homo
man
(your father)

quum
when

excellens
excelling

ingenio,
*by (his)
Halents,

turn
as

etiam
also

doctrinS,
*by (his)
'learning,

non
Mid
not
si
if

viderit,
k

quod
what

genus
kind

causae
of-cause

hoc
this

esset;
might-be;

nam
for

see,

vidisset,
he-had-nereeived
(it),

maluisset
he-would-rather (that
it)

agi

a
isto.

were-conducted by

te you

quovis
in-any
(other)

modo
manner

profecto,
indeed,

quam
than

in-this (of yours).

Arguis
You-accuse (one

fatentem
confessing

est
(what you allege against him);
(this)
i?

ORATIO PRO
lion
not

Q.

LIGARIO.

351
ut
aa

satis ; enough

accusas
;

euni,
him,

you-accuse

qui who

habet causam, aut

has
a cause,
either

ego
I

dico,
say,

meliorem
better

quam
than

tu you (have);

aut
or
:

ut
as

tu
you

vis

parem.
equal.

Hasc
These-things (are)

admirabilia
strange

sed quod
but

will-havo-it

what

dicam

est simile prodigii.

is

Ista accusatio habet

This
accusation

I-am-about-to-say

like

a prodigy.

has

non earn vim,

not
that

ut Q. Ligarius
Q.

condemnetur,
civis,
citizen, (ever)

force (and object), that

Ligarius should-be-condemned,

sed ut
lut

necetur.

Nemo, Romanus
No-one,
a

that he-should-be-killed.

Roman

egit hoc
did
this

ante

te.

before you.

Isti These

externi
foreign

mores
manners
(are accustomed)

incitari
to-be- excited

odio
by-hatred

usque ad
even
to (spilling)

sanguinem,
blood,

(and are the

aut
manners) either

levium
of-fickle

Graecorum
Greeks

aut
or
?

immaniura
of-feroeious

barbarorum.
barbarians.

Nam
For

quid aliud
what
else

agis

are-you-doing? (that)

^e-may

ne
not

sit
*be

Romse?
in-Rome?

ut

careat

domo?
fratribus,
brothers,

that he-may-be-deprived of-home? (that) 'he-may

ne vivat cum
not
'live

optimis

ne cum hoc
nor
with
filio,
this

with (his) most-excellent

T. Broccho
T.

avunculo,
(bis)

ne
nor
?
(that)

cum
with

ejus
his

suo
his

Brocchus

uncle,

son,

consobrino, ne
cousin,

cum
with

nobis
us
?

ne
'he-may not

sit
'be

in
in
(his)

nor

patria?
country
?

Est
Is-it

num?
then-so
?

potest
can-he

num
then

carere
want

omnibus
all

his

magis,

quam
than
'he-does (actually now)

caret?
'want
(them)
?

these-things more,
j

rohibetur

Italia,

exsulat.
he-is-an-exile.

Ergo

tu

vis
wish

non
not

he-is-prohibited from-Italy,

Therefore you

privare hunc
to-deprive

patria,
'of (his)

qu&
egit
isto

caret,

him

Country, which 'he-is (already) 'deprived-of,

vita. Be<* br* (of his) life.

At ne quisquam
But
not

modo
manner
(in)

any-one

acted in-this

352
istud
this

ORATIO PRO

Q.

LIGARIO.

apud eum dictatorem

(accusation of yours) (even) before
that
dictator
[Sylla,

quidem,
indeed,

qui who

multabat
punished

morte
with-death

omnes,
all,

quos whom

oderat.
.he-hated.

Ipse

jubebat

occidi,

nullo postulante;
soliciting
(it);

He-himself ordered

(them) to-be-killed, no-one

*hf

etiam invitabat praeiniis;

even
Hnvited
by-rewards, (the commission
of these

murders)

quae
which

crudelitas
cruelty

tamen,
however,

vindicata est,
was-avenged,

aliquot
some

annis
years

post ab hoc eodem,

after

by

this

same

(person), [Caesar]

quern tu vis nunc whom you desire now

esse crudelem.
to-be
cruel.

5.

Ego
I

vero, inquies
indeed,

non postulo
Mo
not
'ask

istud.
this,

you-say

(the death

Mehercule, Tubero,
of Ligarius).

existimo
I-think

ita.
so.

Enira
Fo*

By-Hercules,

Tubero,

novi

te,

novi
I-know

vestrum patrem,
your
father,

novi
I-know (your)

domum
fan
,ly

I-know you,

que nomen;
and

studia virtutis, humanitatis

the love
of-virtue,

name;

of-humanity

(and politer

ss)

doctrinse
of the-learning (and science;

plurimarum
of-many

atque
and

optima] Tim
most-exj&ilent

artium,
arts

(and sciences), (for which)

vestrse familise ac geaeris, your race and family

sunt nota mihi.

(are distinguished),

Itaque

certe

scio,

are

known

to-me.

Therefore 'I certainly 'know,

vos
(that)

non petere sanguinem.

l

Sed
But 'you
(the accusers)

you 'do not

seek

for-blood.

attenditis
l

parum.
little

Eniru
the

res
the
affaif

attend

(to

consequences of

this).

For

spectat
(of the prosecution)

eo,
to-that,

ut
in
in

non
qua
which

videamini
'seem

tends

that 'you-do not

<D3se
to-be
sit.

contenti,
satisfied,

ea

poena,

Q. Ligarius
Q.

with-that punishment,

Ligarius

Quae alia
received].

igitur praeter
except

may-be [may have

What

other (punishment) therefore

oiuno pro
iBortem
death

q.

lictakio.
sicut
as

353

est

?
?

Enim
For

si
if

est in exsilio,
he-is in
?
?

is-there

exile,

'he (actually)

est.
'is,

quid arnplius
what
?

postulates
do-you-ask-for

an
whether
(that)

ne
'he-may not

more

ignoscatur
ardoned?

Hoc
This

(would be indeed

vero raulto acerbius, que much more-harsh, and

raulto durius.

Pugnabis

ne petiums

much
vriioh

harder.

TVill-you-strire-against, lest

id, irapetreraus we-should-obtain that,

quod nos
we
;

domi
at (his) '"house

precibus
with-entreaties.

[CaeaaiV]

asked-for

and]

lacryniis.
s,

strati

ad
at

pedes,
[hie)
feet,

non
not

fidentes
confiding
?
?

having-thrown-ourselves

tarn
ieh

nostra
to-onr-own

causae,
cause,

quam
as

hujus
Ho
?

humanitati
'humanity

his

et

irrumpes
-;
;.-

in

nostrum netum
our
tears!

break4n apon

et prohibebis and will-yon prohibit

nos jacentes ad
us
lying

pedes.
feet,

voce
domi.

supplicum

?
?

at (his)

(to

speak) with-the-voice of-supplianta

Si
If

quum faceremus hoc

when
we-were-doing
et,
and,
this

quod
which
*we

at-the-house (of Caesar;,

et both

fecimus
Mid-do

ut
as

spero,
I-hope,

fecimus
we-did
(it

non
not

frustra,
in-vain,
:

tu

repente irrupisses.
.had suddenly

et

'broke-in ^upon us), and

ccepisses clamare had-commenced to-cry-out

u C. Caesar,
''0 0.

cave
take-care

ignoscas.
ihat-yoo-forgivo,

cave
take-care

Ca?sar,

te (how) yon

inisereat
take-compassion

fratrum
on-brotbrrs

obsecrantium
supplicating

pro
for

salute
the safety

fratris ;"
of-a-brother:"

nonne
'wonUUyon not
?

exuisses
'have-divested

omnem
y:urselfof)
all

humanitatem
humanity?

Quanto
How-much-more
perilous
pefcitioned-for
'at ?

durius
(disagreeable and) bar
i

hoc,
than)
this

quod nos
(is it,

domi,
(his)
l

that)

what
a

we

house, (that) the

id same

oppugnari

huuld-oe-.r.pvsed by

te ycu

in
in

foro
the

te
that

tollere
sbouli-rake-away
tali

forum?

perfugium misericordiae
the refuge

multorum
of-many

in
in

miseria

of-mercy

such

misery ?

30*

354
Plane
"I-will

ORATIO PRO
dicam,
:

Q.

LIGARIO.
sentio.
I-think.

Caesar,
Caesar,

quod
what

Si
If

in
in

has
this

openly

say,

tu&
your

tantfi
so-great

fortune,
fortune,

lenitas
(your)
lenity

non
^ad
te,
not

esset
*been

tanta,
so-great,

quantam
as

tu
you

per
of

te,
yourself,

per
of

inquam,
I-say,

obtines
possess

yourself,

(intelligo,

quid

loquar),
I-say),

ista
this

victoria
victory

redundaret
would-abound

(I-understand, what

luctu. with-the-most-distressing mourning (and

acerbissimo
essent

Enim
grief).

qu&m
as

For

there-may-have-been

multi many

de
of

victoribus,
the victors,

qui who

vellent
wished

te you

esse crudelem,
to-be
cruel,

quum
so

etiam
also

reperiantur
^ay-there
(not)

^e-konie-found

de
among

victis ?
the conquered, (who wish the same thing)
?

quam
as

multi, ^ui, many, who,

quum
when
te, you,

vellent
they- desire
(that)

ignosci
pardon-should-be-granted

nemini
to-no-one

a
by
ii,

impedirent
would-impede

tuam
your

clementiam,
clemency,

quum
so

etiam
also

th<e,

quibus whom
merciful

ipse
you-yourself

ignovisti,
had-pardoned,

nolint
do-not-wish
si
if

te you

es^e
to-be

misericordem
Csesari,
to-Caesar, (that)

in
to

alios ?
others
?

Quod
For

possemus probaro
we-could
prove

Ligarium
Ligarius

fuisse was

non omnino
not
at-all

in AfricS;
in

Africa;

esse saluti si vellemus should-we-have-desired to-be (the means of procuring) the safety (of an)

calamitoso
unfortunate

civi,citizen,

honesto

et miserieordi

mendacio,
falsehood,

by-a-well-meant and commiserating

tamen
yet

non
civis,
of-a-citizen,
;

hominis, in tanto discrimine

in such-great

Ht-would not *be (the part) of-a-man,

hazard

et periculo and danger

refellere
to-refute

et and

redarguere nostrum
reprehend
our

mendacium
falsehood;

et si esset and if there-might-be

alicujus,
any-one,

certe
*it-would certainty

non
not

esset ejus, have-been (the part) of-him

(tc

do

so),

qui fuisset in who had-been in

eadem
the same

ORATIO PRO
eausa
state

Q.

LIGARIO.

356

et and

fortuna.
condition.

Sed
But

nolle, tamen aliud however itr-is-one-thingnot-to-wish,

Caesarem err are, aliud

^that)

nolle

mise-

Caesar

should-err, another not-to-wish (that) he-should-be-nii-r-

reri.
ciful.

Tunc
Then
(in the first case)

dicerea
you-would-say

" Caesar,
M
Caesar,

cave
beware

credas
(how) you-believe (this);

fuit he-was

in
in

Africa
Africa;

tulit he-bore

arma
arms

contra
against

te."
you."

Nunc
Xow

quid
what
est
is

dicis

Cave
Beware
(how)

do-you-say?

ignoscas."
jrou-pardon."

Haec
This

vox
language

nee
neither
(the part)

hominis,
of-a-man

nec
(to utter),

ad hominem
(to

qui
abjiciet
1

utitur

nor

be addressed) to

man

(and) he-who makes-use

qua
of-it

apud
before

te,

C.

Caesar,
C.

citius
l

suam
his-own

you,

Caesar,

will

sooner

throw-off

humanitatern,
humanity,
6.

quam

extorquebit tuam.
yours (from you).

than (that) he-will-extort

Ac
And

primus
the
first

aditus,

et opening (of the case), and

postulatio
declaration

Tuberonis
of-lubero

fuit haec, this, was

ut
as

opinor,
I-suppose,
(that)

se velle dicere he wished to-speak

de
of

scelere
the crime

Q.

Ligari.
*I-do

Non
not

dubito,
'doubt,
*

quin
but-that

of-Q. Ligarius.

admiratus de
(this)

sis,

vel
either

quod
that

quisquam
any-one

afferret
had-brought-forward

you-were-surprised,

nullo
no

against

alio, vel other-per^n, or

quod
that

is, he,

qui who

fuisset
had-been

in
in

eadem causa,
the

vel
(and condition himself, should bring
it

same

cause

forward),

or

quidnam novi
(that he should bring forward)

sceleris.
crime.

Tu
Do you

something of-a-new
?
?

vocas illud
call

scelus,
a crime,

Tubero
Tubero

cur

?
?

Enim
For

ilia
that

causa
cause

that

why-so

adhuc
[of

caruit
had-been-free-from
;

isto
this

nomine. Alii
name.
;

Pompey]

as-yet

Some

appellant
.tall
fit)

errorem
an error;

alii
others (call
it)

timorem
fear;

qui
those-who (judge

; ;

856
durius,
more-harshly
(call

0RATI0 PRO

Q.

LIGARIO.

spem, cupiditatem, odium, pertinaciam,

it),

hope,

cupidity,

hatred,
;

pertinacity;

qui

gravissime

temeritatem
(call it)

adhuc, praeter
as-yet,

those-who (judge) most-severely

te,

temerity;

except

nemo
it)

scelus.
a crime.

Ac quidem
And
indeed
(it

mihi,
appears; to-me,

you, no-one (has called

si
if

proprium
a proper

et and

verum nomen
true

nostri
of-our

mali

quseritur,

name
fatalis
fatal

misfortune is-required,

videtur
it-seems
(as if)

quaedam
some

calamitas
calamity

incidisse,

et

had-falien-upon, and
:

occupavisse improvidas mentes

occupied
the improvident

hominum
of-men
:

ut
so-that

nemo
no-one

minds

debeat
ought

mirari,
to-wonder, (that)

humana
human

consilia
counsels

superata esse
were-overcome

divina
by-divine

necessitate.
necessity.

Liceat

esse
victore,

miseros
miserable

May-it-be-allowed (us) to-be

quamquam,
although,

hoc
this-man
[Caesar]

possumus
we-can
;

(being)

conqueror,

non esse
not

sed
(so);

non loquor de
x

nobis

loquor
I-speak

be

but

I-do not

speak

of

ourselves;

de
cupidi,

illis,

concerning those,

qui occiderunt. fell (in who

Fuerint
battle).

They-may-have-been
irati,

fuerint

ambitious, they-may-have-been under- the-influence-of-passion-and-anger,

fuerint
they-may-have-been

pertinaces
obstinate;

vero liceat
but
let

Cn. Pompeio
Cn.

Pompey

mortuo,
(who
is)

liceat
let

dead,

multis many

aliis

carere

crimine
the crime

others be-free-from

sceleris,
of-wickedness,

furoris,
of-rage,

parricidii.
(and) of-parricide.

Quando
When
quid
what
nisi
unless
ille
*did

quisquam
*has

any-one

audivit
l

hoc
this

ex
from

heard

te, you,

Caesar,
Caesar,

aut
or

aliud
else

tna
Mid your

arma
.Arms,

voluerunt,
(and military exploits,) intend,

propulsare
to-repel

contumeliam
insult-and-injury

te?
nisi

quid
what

tuus invictus
your
invincible

from yourself?

that

exercitus
irmy

egit,
intend,

tueretur

suum
its

jus,
rights,

unless-that it-might- defend

et and

ORATIO PRO

Q.

LIGARIO.

357
cupiebas
id,
so,

tuam dignitatem
your
dignity?

Quid

What?

tu, you,

quuin

when you-were-desirous (that)

esse
there-should-be

pacem,
peace,

ne
whether

agebas
you-acted

ut
that

conveniret tibi you-might-come-to-terms-of-agreeinent

cum
with
?

sceleratis,
the wicked,

an ut
or

that

cum
(it

bonis
good

civibus
citizens?

Vero,
Indeed,

Caesar,
Caesar,

tua
your

might be) with

maxima merita
very-great
favours
si
if

in
to

me
me

non
'would not

certe
certainly
x

viderentur
have-appeared

mihi
to-me

tanta,
so-great,

putarem
I-had-thought, (that)

me conservatum
I

a
by

was-preserved

te you

ut
as

sceleratum.
a wicked-person.

Autem
But

quomodo
how
x

tu
would

you

meritus esses
'have-merited

bene
well

de
of

republica,
the republic,

quum
if

voluisses,

you-had-desired,

(that)

tot sceleratos esse wicked (men) be (continued) so-many

dignitate
in (their)

dignity

incolumi
(and honours, without having them)
initio,
in-the-beginning,

Tu,
You,

Caesar,
Caesar,

impaired

existimavisti
thought

illam
that
(affair)

secessionem,
a secession,

non
not

bellum;
a war

neque
nor

hostile
a hostile

odium,
hatred,

sed
but

civile
civil

dissidium
dissension;

utrisque
men-on-both-sides

cupientibus
desiring

rempublicam
the republic

salvam,
(to be)

sed
but

partim
partly
l

safe,

consiliis, with (good) intentions,

partim
partly

studiis,
'through (party)
*zeal,

aberrantibus
wandering

communi
erat

utilitate.
welfare.

from the general

Dignitas
The dignity

principum
of-the-leaders

psene
nearly

par
equal,-

[Pompey and

Caesar]

was

fortasse
perhaps

eorum qui sequebantur

who
followed

non par:
(was) not

(the dignity) of-those

equal:

causa
the cause

turn
(was)

dubia,
doubtful,

quod
posset
might

erat

aliquid
something

in
in

then

because there-was

utraque
sach

parte,
-P^rty,

quod
that

probari;
be-approved-of;

nunc
now

ea
that

858
judicanda est
is-to-be-judged

0RATI0 PRO
melior,
the better

Q.

LIGARIO.

quam
(cause),

etiam

dii

which

even the gods

adjuverunt.
assisted

Vero,
But

tua
your

dementia
clemency

cognita,
being-known/

(and favoured).

quis who

non
'does not

probet
'approve-of

earn
that

victoriam, in
victory,
in

qua nemo
which no-on<*

oceiderit
may-have-fallen

nisi
unless (he were)

armatus
armed?

7.

Sed,
But,

ut
that

omittam
I-may-omit

communem
the general

causam,
cause,

veniamus ad nostram
let-us-come
to

utrum
(particular cause of Ligarius),

our

whether

tandem
in-fine

existimas
do-you-think
(it)

fuisse
to-have-been

facilius,
easier,

Tubero,
Tubero, (that)

Ligarium
Ligarius
(should)

exire
depart

ex
from
?

Africa, an
Africa,

vos
you
(should,'

or (that)

non venire
not
arrive

in
in

Africam
Africa?

Ne
But

poteramus,
could-we
(avoid doing
so),

inquies,
you-say,

quum
when
you could)

senatus
the senate

censuisset?
had-decreed-it?

Si
If

consulis
you-consult

me,
me,
(I say

nullo modo. in-no way (avoid doing

Sed tamen
so).

But

however

idem
the same

senatus
senate
ille

legaverat
had-sent-as-lieutenant

Ligarium.
Ligarius
(into Africa).

Atque
And

paruit,
obeyed,

eo
at-that

tempore,
time,
;

he

[before the civil war,]

quum
when
tunc,

erat
it-was

necesse parere senatui

necessary
to-obey
the senate

vos paruistis
(but)

you

obeyed

quum nemo
when
?

then, [during the civil war,]

paruit, qui no-one obeyed, who

;

noluit.
did-not-wish.

Reprehendo
Do-I-blame
licuit
Was-it-allowed
(you)

igitur

Vero minime
Not

enim neque
for

therefore?

in-the-least;

neither

vestro generi, nomini, familiae, discipline,

'to

your

'race,

name,

family,

and education,

aliter.
(to do) otherwise.

Sed
But
J

non concedo hoc,

I-do

ut
that
(those)

not

'grant

this,

rebus
things

quibus gloriemini in
which
you-glory-of
in

vobis,

easdem

yourselves, (that) the same-thingg

ORATIO PRO
reprehendatis in
you-should-blaine
in

Q.

LIGARIO.

359

aliis.
others.

Sors Tuberonis
The
lot

of Tubero [the father, for the

conjecta est ex consulto

command
of a province,]

senatus,
of-the-senate,

was-drawn

by

a decree

quum
when

ipse

non

adesset,
'present,

he-himself 'was not

(and when)

etiara he-was als

impediretur
^hindered

morbo
by-sickness;

statuerat
he-had-determined

excusare.
to excuse

(himself).

Ego novi
I

hsec

propter

necessitudines

omnes,

knew

these-things on-account-of

the intimacies (of) all-kinds,

quae
which

sunt
are
(peculiar)

mihi
to-me

cum
with

L. Tuberone.
L. Tubero.

Eruditi

una

domi,
at-home, (we were)

contubernales
mess-mates
(in)

We-were-instructed together

affines, denique in militiae, post afterwards connected-by-marriage, in-a-word during war,

omni
all

vita
life

familiares,
familiar-acquaintances,

etiam
also
(that)

magnum
great

vinculum,
bond

quod
(of union existed

semper
igitur

usi

sumus
(to)

between

us),

because 'we-were always

'devoted

iisdem studiis.
the-same
studies (and pursuits).

Scio
I-know
;
;

Tuberonem
Tubero
ita

therefore, (that)

voluisse
desired

manere
to-remain

domi

sed
but

quidam

agebat
acted

at-home

a certain-person so

ita and urged, (and) 'gave such

opponebat sanctissimum nomen

'force

to-the-most-sacred

name

reipublicae,
of-the-republic,

ut
that

etiamsi
although

sentiret

aliter,

tamen
however

he-might-think otherwise,

posset
he-could

non
not

sustinere
sustain

pondus
the weight

ipsorum
of-his

verborum.
words.

Cessit

He

auctoritati amplissimi viri, yielded to-the-authority of-a-most-distinguished man,

vel potius
or
iis,

rather

paruit.
ho-obeyed (him).

Profectus est
He-departed

un,
together

cum
with

causa
tardius
a slow

those, the cause

quorum
of-whom
iter. journey.

erat
was

una
one-and-the -same (with his)
;

fecit

he-made

Itaque
Therefore

venit
he-arrived

in
in

Africam

jam

Africa (when) already

360
occupatam.
occupied.

ORATIO PRO

Q.

LIGARIO.

Hinc
Hence

oritur
originates
(the charge of)

crimen
crime

in
against

Ligarium,
Ligarius,

vel
or

potius
voluisse,

ira
;

nam
for

si
if

est
it-ia

rather (of) anger (against him)

ullum
any

crimen
crime

est
it-is

non minus magnum

no
less

to-have-wished,

a great

vos voluisse obtinere

(crime)
(that)

Africam,
(possession of)
Africa,

you

wished

to-obtain

arcem
the citadel

omnium provinciarum,
of-all

natam
(a country) fitted-by-nature

ad
to

the provinces,

gerendum
carrying-on

bellum
war

contra
against

banc
this

urbem,
city,

quam
than
se.
(that)

aliquem
any-one
else

maluisse
might-have-wished
(to obtain it for)

Atque
And
Ligarius.

himself.

tamen
though

is
this

aliquis
some-one
*might

non
not

fuit
'have-been

Ligarius.
certe
'he certainly

Varus
Varus

dicebat
said
(that)

se
he

babere
had

imperium
the

command;

habebat fasces.
'had
the fasces.

Sed,
But,

quoquo
in-whatever

modo
manner

illud
that

babet
may-hold

ee,
Itself,

quid valet hsec vestra querela?

[however that

may
not

be],

what

avails

this

your

complaint

"Non
(that)

recepti

sumus

in
in

provincial^'
the province."

" 'We-were
si
if

'received

Quid
What

essetis ?
you-had-been
?

Ne

tradituri fuistis

earn
it

Would-you-have-delivered

(up)

Cretan',
to-(\vs;ir.

an retenturi
or
:

contra Csesarem?
(it)

have-held

against

Caesar?

8.

de,

See,

Caesar, quid licentise, vel potius audaciae, what licence, Caesar, or rather audacity,
det.
gives (us).

tui
your

liberalitas
liberality

Si
If

Tubero respondent,
Tubero
should-repy,
(that)

suum
his

patrem
father

tibi would-have-delivered-up to-} ou

T

traditurum fuisse
sors
the lot (he drew)

Africam,
Africa,

qud
whither

Benatus
the senate

que
and

miserat,
had-sent (him),
'I-shall

non
not

iubitabo,
'hesitate,

apud
before

te you

ipsum
yourself, (0 Caesar,)

cujus

interfuit, whose interest- t-waa

;

ORATIO PRO

Q.

LIGARIOejus
his

361
consilium
intention

eum
(that)

facere
should-do

id,
this,

reprehendere
to-reprove

he

gravissimis

verbis

Enim
For
(it

non
does)

si
(follow, that)
if

with-the-most-severe words.

not

ea
this

res
thing

fuisset grata tibi, may-have-been acceptable to-you,

esset
(that)
it-

etiam
also
;
;

should

probata.
tarn so-much

Sed
'I

jam
now

omitto
l

totum
all

hoc
this

non
not

be-approved (by you). But

omit

ne
lest

offendam
I-might-ofiend

tuas
your

patientissimas
most-patient

aures,
ears,

quam Tubero
as-that

ne videatur
'might not

facturus fuisse,
to-have-been-about-to-do,

Tubero

^eem

quod
that-which 'he

nunquam
never

cogitavit.

Igitur veniebatis
you-came

'contemplated (doing). Therefore

in provinciam
(and attempted
to enter) into

Africam,

unam ex
the one

the province (of) Africa,

of

omnibus,
all

maxime
in
(of Pharsalus)
;

infestam
inimical
(to the results of)

huic
this

(others) the most-greatly

victorise
victory

qua
which
(country of Africa)

erat
there-was

in

potentissimus
a-most-powerful

rex,
king,

inimicus
opposed

huic
to-this

causae,
cause
(of Caesar),

voluntas,
the disposition (of the people of the province)

aliena,
hostile,

firmi
firm

(and

atque magni conventus.

determined),

and

large

assemblages (of

Roman

citizens,

opposed

Quaero,
to Caesar). I-ask,

quid
what

facturi fuistis.
would-you-have-done.

Quamquam
Yet

dubitem, quid
"may-I (not)
'doubt,

facturi fuistis, quum videam, what you-would-have-done, when I-see,

quid
what

feceritis ? you-have-done

Prohibiti estis You-were-prohibited

et and

ponere
to-set

pedem
a foot

in
in

vestra
your

provincia,
province,

prohibiti
prohibited

cum

summfi,

injuria^
injustice.

with the greatest

Quomodo
How

tulistis did-you-bear

id?
this?

Ad
To

quern

detulistis
did-ycu-carry

whom
?

querelam

injuria

acceptae

Nempe
Why

*he complaint of-the-injnry (and injustice)

received (by you)?

31

862
ad eum,
to
,

ORATIO PRO

Q.

LIGARIO.

cujus auctoritatem
authority

secuu
societatem
party

him [Pompey] whose

(and command) being-followed

veneratis
(and acknowledged) you-had-come
belli. the war.

in
to (his)

(and associates)

Quod
Because

si
if

veniebatis
you-came

in
into

provinciam
the province

(in)

causS,
for-the-cause

Caesaris,
of-Caesar,

profecto
'you-would
certainly

venissetis
'have-gone

a<l
to

eum,
him,

exclusi
(when)
excluded

provincial
from-the-province.

Venistis
(But) you-came

ad
to

Pompeium.
Pompey.

Quae
What

querela
complaint

ergo
therefore

est
is

apud
make) before

(that to

Caesarem,
Caesar,

quum
when

aceusetis
you-aecuse

eum,
him,

a
of

quo queramini,
whom
you-complain,

vos
(that)

prohibitos
were-prohibited (by him, from)
?

gerere
carrying-on

-bellum
war
licet

you

contra Caesarem
against

Atque quidem
And
indeed

in

hoc

Csesar?

in this-thing, it-is-granted

per
by

me,
me
(that),

vel
though

cum
with

mendacio,
a falsehood,

gloriemini, you-may -boast,

si
if

vultis,
you-please,
(that)

vos tradituros fuisse provinciam Caesari.

you would-have-delivered
the province
to-Caesar.

Etiamsi
Even-if
aliis
;

prohibiti estis a you-had-been-prohibited by

Varo
Varus

et a and by

quibusdam
some

ego tamen confitebor,

I

culpam
(that)

others;

however

confess,

the fault

esse Ligarii, was of-Ligarius,

laudis.
praise.

occasione qui privaverit vos you of-the-opportunity deprived who

9.

tantae
of-so-much

Sed
But

vide,
see,

quaeso,
I-pray-you,

Caesar,
Caesar,

constantiam
the constancy *of (this)

ornatissimi
'most-accomplished

viri

L. Tuberonis
L.

quam quamvis,
which
although,

egc
1

man

Tubero;

ipse
myself

probarem,
might-approve,

ut
as

probo,
I-do-approve,

tamen
however 'I-would

nor
not

commemorarem,
l

nisi
unless

cognovissem
in primis.
especially.

earn virtutem
virtue

have-mentioned

(it),

I-had-known, (that) that

solere
used

laudari
tc-be-praised

a
by

te you

Quae constantia
Which
constancy

ORATIQ I/O
igitur
therefore

Q.

LIGARiO.
in
in

363
ullo any

fuit was

unquaji
(it)

tanta,
so-great,

homine?
man?

evey

consiantiam
constancy

dico

nescio
I-know-not

an
whether

possim
I-might
(not)

do-I-say?

melius
better

dicere
say

patientiam.
patience.

Enim
For

quotus
what

quisque
individual

fecisset
would-have-done

istud,
this-thing,

ut
that

in
in

civili
civil

dissensione,
dissensions,

rediret

ad

eos
those

ipsos,
same,

a
by

he-should-return to

qnibus whom

non
x

he-had

not

esset receptus,
l

etiam esset rejectus

(and) even
was-rejected

cum
with

crudelitate,
cruelty.

been-received,

Cujusdam magni animi,

(This would be

atque
and
vis,
force,

the act)

of-some

great

mind,

ejus
af-that

viri,

quern

nulla
no

contumelia,
contumely,

nulla
no

man,

whom
danger

nullum perieulum
no
causa;,
cause,

possit
could

depellere,
drive,

de
from
(his)

suscepta
adopted

que
and

propositi
formed

sententia.
opinion.

Enim
Eor

ut
although

cetera
other-things

fuissent
may-have-been

paria
equal

Tuberoni
to-Tubero

cum Varo,
with

Varus,

honos, nobilitas, splendor,

honour,
nobility,

ingenium, quae fuerunt

(and)
talent,

splendour,

which

were

nequaquam
by-no-means
(equal);

hoc
venerat

certe
in
in

praecipuum
the particular

this (was) certainly

(advantage)

Tuberonis, quod
of-Tubero,
that

suam provinciam cum

his

he-had-come

province

with

justo
a just

(and legal)

imperio command
prohibited

ex
(derived) from

consulto
a decree

senatus.
of-the-senate.

Hinc
Hence
(when)

prohibitus
(he did)

non
not
(go)

ad
to

Caesarem,
Cgesarj

ne
lest

iratus
(he might appear) to-be-angry (with his party
;

non domum,
and) not

home,

ne
lest

iners
(he might seem to be)

non
not

in
to

aliquam
any
(other)

inactive;

t^gionem,
1

ne
lest

videretur
he-might-seem

condemnare illam causam,

to-condemn
that
cause,

untry,

364

ORATIO PRO

Q.

LIGARIO.
:

quam
which

secutus est
'he-had (adopted and)
'followed

venit
he-came

in
to

Macedo
Macedo.

niam, ad Cn. Pompeii castra, in earn ipsam eausam,

nia,

to

Cn.

Pompey's

camp,

for

that

same

cause,

a
ista
this

qufi,

rejectus erat
nihil
'had not-at-all

cum

injuria.
injury.

Quid

quum
when

from which he-had-been-rejected with

What?
ejus,

res
thing

commovisset animum
'moved
the

ad
to

mind

of-him,

quern veneratis,

whom
diore
guid

languicredo fuistis you-had-come, I-believe (that) you-were (excited) by-a-more-lanstudio

zeal

in
for

causS;
the cause;

eratis you-were

tantummodo
only

in
in

prsesidiis,
garrisons

vero
(and camps),

animi

abhorrebant
in

but (your) minds

became-estranged from

causa;
the cause;

an
or,

ut
(was
it so,)

fit

civilibus
civil

as

is-done [as

is

the case]

in

bellis,
wars,

nee in
nor
in

vobis
you

magis
more

quam
than

in
in

reliquis;
the rest;
(that,

enim
indeed 'we-are

omnes
all

tenebamur
'possessed

studio
pacis

vincendi.

with-the-desire of-conquering
;

Fui semper equidem

I-was

auctor

sed turn
but
then (I-was)

always
;

indeed

the advocate of-peace;

sero

enim erat
for

amentis,

cogitare

pacem,
peace,

too-late;

it-was (the part) of-a-madman,

to-think (of)

quum
when

videres

aciem.

Omnes,
All

you-saw (the armies drawn up) in-order-of-battle.

inquam, volebamus vincere

(of us),

tu certe prsecipue,
you indeed
especially,

I-say,

wished

to-conquer;

qui venisses in who had-come into

tibi

eum locum,
that
place,

ubi
vicisses

esset
"be

where 'it-would (necessarily)

;

pereundum,
res
the thing

nisi

quanquam,
however,

for-you (that you) must-perish,

unless you-had-conquered;

ut
as

nunc
now

habet
has

se,
itself

non
[as things

now

are], 'I

do

not

dubito,
'doubt,
illi

quin
but-that

anteponas
you-prefer

hanc
this

salutem
(present)
safety

(ofyours>

victoriae.
victory.

ro-that

0RATI0 PRO
10.

Q.

LIGARIO.
hsec,

365
Tubero,
Tubero,
si
if

Ego
I-would

non dicerem
not
say

aut
either

these-things,

poeniteret vos
it-repented

vestrae constantiae,
[if

you

either

you repented]

of-your

constancy,

aut Csesarem
or

sui
of-his

beneficii.
benefits,

Num
(conferred on you).
*I

Caesar

no*

qu?ero,
4

utrum

persequamini
Si
If

vestras
reipublicae;
of-the-republic;

injurias,
injuries,

ask,

whether you-are-seeking-to-redress your-own

an
or
(those)

reipublicae ?
of-the-republic?

quid
what

respondebitis
will-you-reply

de
concerning
si

vestra
your

perseverantia,
perseverance,

in
in

ilia
that

causa
cause

?
(of

vestras
your-own
(cause)

videte,
see,

ne
lest

Pompey)

if

erretis, you-may-be-mistaken,

qui
who

putetis,
may-think,
(that)

Csesarem
Ceesar

fore
would-be
suis.
his-own.

iratum
angry

vestris
with-your

iniruicis, enemies,

quura
when

ignoverit
he-has-forgiven

Itaque,
Therefore,

num
whether

videor
do-I-seem

tibi esse occupatus to-you (0 Caesar) to-be-occupied

in
with

causa;
the cause

Ligarii?
of-Ligarius?

num
Quidquid dixi
Whatever

dicere
volo

de
referri

whether (do I seem) to-speak concerning

ejus facto?
his

action (and conduct)

I-said I-wish to-be-referred

ad unam
to

summam
mercy.

vel

bumanitatis, vel
or

one

principal-thing (that) either 'of (your) 'humanity,

clementiae, vel misericordige.

clemency,
or

Egi
I-have-conducted-and-pleaded

multas
many
ratio
the course

causas,
causes,

et and

quidem
indeed

cum
with

te, you,

Csesar,
Caasar,

dum
while

tuorum
of-your

bonorum
honours

tenuit
kept

te you

in
in

foro
the forum
;

(but)

certe
certainly

nunquam
never
;

boc
in-this

modo.
manner.

" Ignoscite, judices

"Pardon,
;

judges
si
if

erravit

lapsus est
he-has-fallen
;

non putavit
'he-did

unquam
ever

he-has-erred;

not

'think;

postbac."
hereafter."

Sic
Thus

solet
it-is-usual

agi
to-act

apud
(and plead}
with

ai *

: ;

366
parent em
a parent;
;

OKATIO PEG ad judices,

judges

Q.

LIGARIO.

" non
(thus),

fecit,
do-it,

(but) to
:
;

"'he-did
falsi,

not

'he-did

non
not

cogitavit
'think-of-it

testes

crimen
tbe crime (he
is

the witnesses (are) false,

accused

fictum."
of
is)

Die,
Say,
;

Caesar,
Caesar, (that)

fictitious."

te esse you are

judicem de
a judge
of

facto
the acts

Ligarii

of-Ligarius;

quaere, in quibus prsesidiis ask, in what garrisons (and camps)

fuerit. he-may-have-been.

Taceo;
I-am-silent;

ne
'I-do not

quidem
indeed

colligo
'collect

haec,

quae fortasse etiam valerent apud judicem

perhaps
also

those proofs, which

might-avail before

a judge

"profectus
"he-went

legatus

ante bellum,
the war,

relictus in
(and was)
left

a lieutenant before

in

pace,
peace,
(but)

oppressus bello, in
overtaken
by-war,
in

eo
that

ipso
same
(war)

non
he was
not

acerbus
a severe (opponent), (but)

totus

tuus
agi

animo
in-mind

ac
and

studio/'
good-will."

altogether yours

Sic
Thus

solet

ad judicem
a judge;

it-is-usual (for the pleadings) to-be-carried-on before

sed ego
but
I

loquor
am-speaking

ad
to

parentem.
a parent.

Erravit,
He-has-erred,

fecit
he-acted

temere,
rashly,

poenitet,
he-repents,

confugio
I-take-refuge
;

ad
in

tuam clementiam,
your
clemency,

peto veniam
I-beg

pardon

(for)

delicti (my) offence;

oro,
I-pray,

ut
that

ignoscas.
you-pardon (me).

Si
If

nemo
no-one

impetravit,
has-obtained
(such favours of you),
si
;

(it

would be)

arroganter;
arrogant
(in

plurimi, tu
many,

idem
sit
there-be

me, thus to address you)

(but) if

you the samt

fer

opem,

bring assistance,

qui who

dedisti
have-given

spem.
hope.
sit

An
May

non
not

causa
sause

sperandi
of-hoping

Ligario,
to-Ligarius,

quum

ctiara
also

locus
a place

when there-may-be
altero
another
?
?

mihi apud
for-me
before

te, you,

deprecandi pro
of-soliciting

Qu^mquam
Although

for

apes
the hope

causae
*of (this) 'cause

est
is

neque
neither

posita
placed

in
in

hac
thia

ORATIO PRo
oratione,
oration,

Q.

LIGARIO.

367
qui who
te you
tui your

nee
nor

in
in

studiis
the zeal

eorum,
of-those,

(are)

necessarii,
intimate-acquaintances,

petunt
(and who)
entreat

a
of

pro
for

Ligario.
Ligarius.

[Who

ask pardon of you for Ligarius.]

11,

Enim
For

vidi,

et

cognovi,
known,

quid
what

maxime
*you principally

I-have-seen, and

spectares,
Hook-to,

quum
when

multi many

laborant
exert-theinselves

pro
for

salute
the safety

alicujus
of-any-one
:

causas
(that)

rogantium
(of those)

esse
were

the cases

entreating-you

gratiosiores
more-acceptable

apud

te,

quam
than
(their)

vultus
faces;
\

to you,

and that)

neque
neither
'do

te you

spectare
'consider

quam
how-much

is

he

esset may-be

tuus
your

necessarius,
intimate-friend,

qui oraret who entreats

te,
you,

sed
but

quam
how-much
(he
is

the friend)

illius,
of-him,

pro
for

quo
whom

laboraret.
he-exerts-himself.

Itaque
Therefore

tu
you

quidem
indeed

tribuis
grant

tuis
to-your
(friends)

ita
so

multa,
much,

ut
that

illi

interdum
sometimes

they

videantur mihi beatiores, qui fruantur tu4 liberalitate,

seem
to-me
richer,

who

enjoy

your

liberality,

quam
than

tu
you

ipse,
(are) yourself,

qui who

concedas tarn, multa

give-up
so

illis.

much

to-thera

Sed
But

tamen
however

video,
I-perceive,

ut
as

dixi,
I-said (before),
(that)

causas
the cases

plus
(themselves)

valere
'weight

apud
with

'have more

te you

quam
than
iis

preces,
entreaties,

que
and
(that)

te you in
in

moveri
are-moved

maxime
most-especially

ab
by

quorum
whose

those

dolorem,
affliction,

petendo,
petitioning,

videas
tu
you
tuis your

justissimum.
the truest.

you-perceive (to be)

In conservando Q. Ligam,
tn

quidem
indeed

facies
will-do
;

preserving

Q. Ligarius.

(what

gratum
will be)

multis
to-many
(of)

necessariis

sed
but

agreeable

intimate-friends

*4

368
quseso
entreat
(you)

ORATIO PRO
considera
consider

Q.

LIGARIO.
quocl
(affair carefully),

hoc,
this

(and) which

soles.
(you-are-accustomed-to-do).

Possum
I-

proponere
place-before-you (as suppliantl

can

fortissimos viros,
for Ligarius)

Sabinos
Sabines

probatissimos
the-most-approved-of

the most-brave

men,

tibi,

que
and

totum
also the

Sabinum
Sabine

agrura,
district,

(and esteemed) by-you,

whole

florem

Italiae,

robur
;

reipublieae.

Nosti
You-have-known
et and

the flower of-Italy, (and) the strength of-the-republic.

homines optime
the

animadverte moestitiam
observe
the sadness

dolorem
grief

men

well

omnium
of-all

horum.
these.

Vides
You-see

lacrimas
the tears

que
and
filii,

squalorem
neglected-dress

hujus
of-this-here

T. Brocchi ipsius et
T. Brocchus

de

quo
whom

himself and l of (his) 'sons, concerning

non
'I-do

dubito
Moubt

quid
what
?

existimes.
you-may-think.

Quid
What

dicam
shall-I-say

not

de
concerning
(his)

fratribus
brothers
?

Noli,
Do-not,

Caesar,
Caesar,

putare
think
(that)

nos
we

agere
are-pleading

de
about

capite
the capital-punishment

unius
of-one-individual
j

aut
either

tres Ligarii sunt

three
Ligarii

retinendi

tibi

in
in

civitate,
the city,

are

to-be-retained (by) you

aut
or

tres
three

exterminandi
are-to-be-banished

ex
from
his,
to-these,

civitate.
the city.

Quodvis
Any
patria,

exsilium
banishment

est
is

optatius
more-desirable

quara
than
(their)

country,

quam
than
(their)

domus,
home,

quam
than

dii

penates,
faciunt
they-act

illo
that (other)

(their) household-gods,

uno
one
si
if

exsulante.
(being)
exiled.

Si
If

fraterne,
fraternally,

pie,
piously,

si
if

cum
with

dolore,
grief,

horum
'may
their

lacrimae
tears

moveant
'inove

pietas te, you, 'may (their) piety

moveat,
'move
ilia
(you),

'may

germanitas

moveat
'move (you)
;

tua

vox

ftheir) fraternal-relationship

'may that

your expression

*)RATI0 PRO Q. LIGARIO.

valeat, quae
'prevail,

369
te dicere say (that) you

vicit. which conquered.

Enim audiebamus
For
we-heard

nos putare
we
thought

omnes
ail

adversaries,
(to be)

nisi

qui

essent
were

enemies,

unless those-who

cum
with

nobis
us;
(but that}

qui tuos, te omnes you (looked upon) all (as) your-friends, who
te. you.

essent
were

non contra
not
against

Ne
'Do-you not

igitur
therefore

vides
a

hunc
this

see

splendorem omnium,
splendour

banc domum Brocchorum,

family
of-the-Brocchi,

of-all (the knights), this

hunc
this

L. Marcium,
L.

C. Csesetium,
C.

L. Confidium,
(and)
L.

Marcius,

Csesetium,

Confidium,

omnes
all

hosce
these-here

Eomanos
Roman
viros

equites,
knights,

qui who

adsunt,
are-present,

veste mutata;,
in-mourning-apparel,

non solum
not

notos
known

tibi,
to-you,

verum
but

men

only

etiam probatos?
also

Fuerunt cum
(and esteemed by you)
?

approved

They-were

te. with you.

Atque
And
among
us),

irascebamur
nonnulli
some

bis, we-were-angry with-them,

requirebamur
we-missed

bos
them
(from

etiam minabantur
also

his. were-threatened by-them.

Igitur
Therefore

conserva
preserve

suos
their
(friends)

tuis

;
;

ut
that

quemadmodum
w hereas
r

with-yours

cetera,
the other-things,

quae

dicta sunt

te,
to

which have-been-said by you, (have been found

be

sic
true),

hoc
this (saying of

reperiatur
yours above mentioned) may-be-found
(to be)

so

verissimum.
most-true.

12.

Quod
For

si
if

posses
you-could

perspicere
'see

penitus
intimately
'into

concordiam
the concord

Ligariorum,
of-the-Ligarii,

judicares
you-would-think
(that)

omnes
all

fratres

fuisse

cum
with
si
if

the brothers were

te. you.

An
Whether

potest
can

quisquam
any-one

dubitare,
doubt,

quin,
but-that,

Q.
Q.

Ligarius
Ligarius

potuisset esse
could-have-been

in
in

STG
Italia,
[taly,

ORATIO PRO
fuisset futurus
he-would-have-been

Q.

LIGARIO.
sententia, in
opinion,

in
of

eadem
the game

pa

in ,<hich

fratres
(his)

brothers

fuerunt? ~:e?
igreewg

Quis Who
harmony

est,
\a-ihere,

qui who

non
x

may

not

noverit
'have-known

conspirantem consensum,
the

psene
(and dispositions),
almost

conflatum
melted-together-into-one

horum,
of-these (brothers),
?

in
in

hac
this

prope
nearly

fraterna
fraternal

aequalitate
equality?

qui who

non
'does not

sentiat
l

hoc,
this,

feel

(that)

quivis

prnis
l

futurum

fuisse,

quam
than

ut

hi

any-thing *would sooner

be-about-to-happen,

that these

fratres
brothers (would be of )

diversas sententias, que sequerentur

different

opinions,

and

would-follow

fortunas

I
i

Igitur
nrtiea) ?

omnes
ail

the fortunes (of

Therefore
:

(the brothers)

fuerunt
were

cum
with

te you

voluntate
qui who
si
if

unus
one

abreptu3 est
was-forced-away

in-good-wiU:

tempestate
bj-adrene-*

fecisset
he-had-done

id consilio,
it

esset

by-de?ign, would-be

eimilis
like

eorum,
those,

quos tamen tu voluisti whom hvmeret you wished

esse
to-be

salvos.
safe.

Sed
a
tui
your-:

ierit

ad

helium,
war,

discesserit
he-departed

non solum
not
only

But if-he-may-har^-.te,

verum etiam
but
also

a
from

fratribus,
(bis)

hi
these
[his brothers]

from you,

brothers,

orant

te,
you,
(for his

Equidem,
pari
Indeed,

quum
when

interessem
-mixed-up

omnibus
in-all

tuis
foot

negotiis,
affairs,

teneo memoria
I-rem*mber

qualis how

T. Ligarius,
T.

urbanus
the city

quaestor
quaestor

fuerit
*was

turn
theD

Ligarius,

'disposed

te er^ra towards you

et

tuam dignitatem.
;

Sed
But
;
;

est
it-is
( of

and

dignity.

parum
goiail

me
(aceount for)

meminisse
soles

hoc
this

spero
I- hope

me to-have-remembered
are-i

(that)

te y~ l

etiam,
a.-

qui who

oblivisci
:

nihil
nothing

nisi
unJ3s*

0RATI0 PRO
injurias,
injuries,

Q.

LTGARTO.
est
is

371

quonian hoc
because
this (forgetfulness of injuries)

(a part)

'of

animi,
(your) mind,

quoniam
because
(it is

etiam
a part)
also

tui

ingenii,

of-your disposition,

reminiscentem
alling-to-mind
(that)

te you

recordari

aliquid

de

would-remember something concerning

illo

quaestorio officio
office

hujus,

etiam

de

quibusdam
some

the quasstor

of-that-man, so-also concerning

aliis
other

quaestoribus.
quaestors.

Therefore this

Igitur hie T. Ligarius, qui Ligarius, who T.

turn
then

nihil
'had nothing

aliud
else

egit,
'in-view,

(enim
(for

neque
'he-did

divinabat
'foresee

not

haec),

nisi

ut

judicares
you-might-judge

eum
him
(to

these) (present circumstances), unless that

be)

studiosum
devoted

tui,
to-you,

et and

bonum
a good

virum,
man,
te.

nunc
now

supplex
a suppliant

petit
begs-for

salutem

fratris

Quum
When
dederis

admonitus
being-reminded

the safety of-a-brother

from you.

officio

hujus,

quam,
this (his

of-the-services of-him (T. Ligarius), you-will-have-granted

utrique
safety),

his
these
(suppliant brothers),

condonaveris
you-will-have-restored

to-both

tres

optimos

et

integerrimos
his
tot, so-many,

fratres,
brothers,

non solum
not
only

three most-excellent and most-irreproachable

sibi ipsos,
to-theinselves,

neque

ac
and

talibus
such
(esteemed)

neither to-these

viris,

neque nobis
nor
to-us
(his)

necessariis,
particular- acquaintances,

sed
but

etiam
also

men,

reipublicae.
to-the-republic.

Igitur
Therefore

fac,
do,
'

fecisti that-which you-did

quod

nuper
lately

in
in

curia,

de

nobilissimo
a most-noble

the genate-house, for

et clarissimo and most-illustrious

homine,
man,

nunc idem
[M. Marcellus,]

in

foro,

de

optimis,

now

the same in

the forum, for these-most-excellent,

et huic and to-this

omni

frequentiae,

probatissimis
most-approved-of

fratribus.
brothers.

entire crowded-assembly,

Ut
is

concessisti ilium him [Marcellus] you-granted

senatui,
to-the-senate?

sic
so

da

huno

give this-on

372

ORATIO PRO
populo,
cujus
whose

Q.

LIGARIO.

voluntatem
good-will
;

[Ligarius] to-the-people^,

(and affections)
si
if

^ou
fuit

semper
always

habuisti
^eld

carissimam
most-dear;

et and

ille

dies
day

that

was

gloriosissimus
most-glorious

tibi,
to-you,
(it

gratissimus
C.
Caesar,
Caesar,

Romano populo
quaerere
to-seek

was) most-agreeable to-the-Roman people;

noli
do-not

obsecro,
I-entreat
(you),
illi

dubitare
hesitate

C.

similem laudem
a similar
praise

glorise
glory,

quam
as

saepissime.

Nihil
Nothing

to-that

often-as-possible.
;

est
is

tarn
so

populare
popular

quam
as

bonitas
kindness,-

nulla
none

de
of

tui3 your

plurimis many
gratior

virtutibus
virtues

est
is

nee
either

admirabilior,
more-admirable,
;

nee
or

misericordia
(than your)

enim
for

homines
men

more-acceptable,

mercy

accedunt
approach

propius
nearer

ad
to

deos
the gods

nulla

re,
(more),

quam
than

in-no-thing

dando salutem hominibus.

in-giving
safety

Nee tua
For
your

fortuna habet
fortune

to-men.

has

nihil

majus,

quam
than

ut
that

possis,
you-can,

nee

natura
plurimos. many (as you

nothing greater,

nor (your) nature (any thing)

melius,
better,

quam
than

ut

velis

servare
to-save

quam
as

that you-wish

can).

Causa
The cause

forsitan
(itself)

postulat
may-require

longiorem orationem,
a longer
speech,

perhaps

certe
(but) certainly

tua
your

natura
nature

breviorem.
a shorter-one.

Quare,
Therefore,

quum
as

arbitrer
I-think

esse
it-to-be

utilius

te

ipsum

loqui,

more-useful (that) you yourself should-cominune

quam
(with yourself),

me
(that)

aut
or

quemquam
any-one-else
;

than

(should speak)

cum
*ith

te, x you, I-shall

jam faciam finem

now
2

make

an end (of

my

discourse)

*Ishall
illi

tantum
only

admonebo
l

remind

si te, you, (that) if

dederis
you-give

salutem
safety

to-hiin

absenti,
absent,
(that)

te you

daturum omnibus
will-give-it
to-all

his
those

praesentibus.
present.

OKATIO

THE ORATION
M. TULLII CICEKONIS, OF M. TULLIUS CICERO,
PRO

FOR REGE DEIOTARO.

KING DEIOTARUS.

1.

Quum
Though

in
in

omnibus gravioribus
all

causis, C. Caesar,
C.
Caesar.

more-important causes,

initio

dicendi

soleam
videatur
turn
yet

vehevel

l in-the-beginning of (my) 'discourse I-may-be-accustomed (to be) niore-

mentius
violently

commoveri,
agitated,

quam
than

usus,

it-may-seem (that) either practice,

vel
or

mea
my

setas
age

postulare,
requires,

in
in

hac causa
this

cause (especially)

multa ita many-things so

perturbant me, ut quantum studii

disturb

mea
my

me,

that

as-much

of-zeal (as)

afferat rides good-faith, (and promise,) may-induce

mihi me
'of

ad
to

defendendum
defend

salutem regis Deiotari,

the safety

tantum
so-much
(my)

facultatis
'power 'does (my)

of-king

Deiotarus,

timor
fear

detrahat.
'deprive

Primum
of).

dico
I-am-pleading

pro
for

(me

In-the-first-place

capite
the
life,

que fortunis regis

and
fortunes

quod

ipsum
itself

of-a-king; which-thing

etsi non although not

iniquum,
Unjust
(or improper),

duntaxat in tuo periculo

at-least

in

your

danger,

(or

any thing

32

(373)

874

OBAIIO PRO REGE DEIOTARO.

tarn en est ita however it-is 5;
capitis,
in-a-eapital-crinie,

inusitatum,
annsnal-a-thine

regem
fbr-a-king

Meeting yonr

interest,

esse

renm
non
sit
:

at
that

ante
before

hoe
this

tern pus

to-be a defendant

audirum.
heard-of.

Deinde
Dk-the-next-plaec

nunc
'L;ia

it-has

not

tt:;

no*

cogor
crimen,
erime,

defendere
to-defend

contra
against

atroeissimum
Qbe aeensation of ) the

compelled

st-atrocious

euni
that

regem,
Icing,

quern
irhom

antea
heretofore

solebamus
ire-nsed,

cum

cuncto
all

senatu
the sizzzi

ornare,
tc-h.nour,

pro
for

ejus
his

perpetuus
uninterrupted

meritis
services

in
::-;:l=

nostrara
:

rempublicam.
repnbiic.

Accedit,

ut
that

.;:

And
alterius
of-one

tc

this

conturber
I-ara- disturb*
5

crndelitate
bv-:he-crueliv

aceusatorum,
of-the-accusers,

(and)

indignitate
.;--:..'::

alterius.
:f-:he-::Ler.

Crudelia Castor, ne
C

dicam
tc

5t1-

?ruel

Castor,

not

sav

sceleratum wnA

et

impium

qui.
who,
1

nepos,
grandson,

adduxerit
has-brought
(bis)

avum
gran
.1:

in
:be:
in

discrimen
danger
:

capitis,
of 'bis ei.
'life,

que
and

intulerit

rem
the
1
:

suae
f-his

adolescentiae
7
:

atfa

to-bim, [an d can

7 1

his

grandfather

cujus
tofearbim pdte
1

senectutem
old-age

debebat
he-ought

tueri
to-defend

7: nth,]

whose

et tegere, and protect,

que
ab
bv

duxerit

commendationem
the

and (who) has-derivea

commendation

::

ineuntis
'-:.:-

aetatis age

impietate
ii-j.ir"

et

scelere ; ;
ted

impulerit
be-impelled

serrum
the slave
*of (his)
:

avi. gr an Math ef

corruptum

praemiis,
ribes,

ad
to

accusandum
aeease

dominium,
hi
master,

abduxerit
(and)

he-led-him-away

pedibus
the

legatornm.
nf-the-ambaKsadors [and

:-:

ik

bim from the Berviee of the amos,

Autem quum videbam

bft**adc-r? of the

E:ng]

But

when

I-saw

the r-ountepance,

ORATIO PRO REGE DEIOTARO.

375

^uum audiebam verba

-hen

fugitivi

accusantis
accusing
(his)

I-heard

the words *of (this) 'runaway

dominum,
master,

et and

absenteni
an absent

dominum,
master,

et and

doininum
a master

amkissimum
most-friendly

nostrae reipublicae,
to-our
republic,

non

tarn

dolebam

not so-much did-I-grieve-al

afflictam
the afflicted

regiam
royal

conditionem,
condition,

quam
as

extimescebain
I-feared

de
concerning

communibus
the

fortunis.
fortunes [general safety].

Nam quum
For

common
'

when

more
accorurig-to-the-usage

majorum,
'it-is

of-our-ancestors,

liceat de not Allowed as-respecta

ne

servo
tormentis,
by-torture,

quaeri

in
against (his)

dominum, quidem
master,

a slave, (that) he-be-examined

even

in
in

qua
which

quaestione
examination (by torture)

dolor
pain

possit
might

elicere
elicit

veram
the true

vocem
word
[the truth]

etiam
even
est,

ab

invito

from the unwilling;

servus
(but here)

exortus
in
on

a slave

rose-up,

qui who

solutus
unrestrained

accuset
accuses

eum,
him,

quern

equuleo
the rack

posset
he-could

non
not

whom

appellare.
make-mention-of (accuse).
2.

Etiam
Also

illud
that (which I

interdum,

am now

going to mention)

sometimes,

C. Caesar,
C.

perturbat
disquiets

me;
me;

quod
which

tamen,
however,

quum
as

Caesar,

recognovi

te penitiis, well, I-have-known you

desino timere;
I-cease
to-fear;

enim
for

re
in-principle

est iniquum, sed

it-is

tua

unjust,

but by-your

sapientia: fit aequissimum. wisdom it-becomes most-just

Nam
For

dicere
to-plead

apud
before

eum de
him
of

facinore,
a crime,

contra
against

cujus
whose

vitam,
life,

arguare

inisse

consilium facinoris,
a plan
of-crime,

you-may-be-accused to-have-entered-into

si

consideres
you-consider
(this)

per
by

se ipsum,
itsWf,

est
it-is

grave
(a)

serioui

376

0RATI0 PRO REGE DEIOTARO.

enim
(and unpleasant
affair):

est

fere

nemo,
no-one,

for

there-is almost

qui who

(being)

judex
sibi,
to-himself,

sui

periculi,

non pr^ebeat
*does not
x

judge of-his-own danger,

se sequiorem show himself more-favourable

quam

reo.

Sed, Caesar, tua prsestans

But,
Ca?sar,

than to-the-defendant.

your

excellent

que singularis
and
singular

natura

minuit hunc
this

metum
fear

(good) natural-disposition diminishes

(in)

mihi; me

enim
for

non timeo
'I-do not
fear

tarn, quid tu so-much, what you (may judge)

de
concerning

Deiotaro.
Deiotarus,

quam
as

intelligo,
I-understand,

quid
what

velis
you-wish (that)

ceteros judicare de te.

others

Etiam
'I-am
also

judge

of

you, (as an impartial judge).

moveor
*moved

insolentia
by-the-unusualness

loci
of-the-place

ipsius,
itself,

quod
that

dico
I-pleacJ,

tantam
such
(and so great)

causam,
a cause,

quanta
as

nulla
never

unquam
yew

versata est
was

in
in

diseeptatione,
dispute,

intra
trial,]

domesticos
domestic

[on

within

parietes,
walls,

dico
I-plead

extra
without

conventum
the assembly

(and out of court),

et and

earn

frequentiam,
niti to-depend:

in

qua

studia

oratorum
of-orators

(without) that numerous-assemblage, on which the exertions

solent
are-accustomed

in tuis oculis, tuo

(it is)

ore

in

your

eyes,

your counterance

que Tultu
and
face
;

acquiesco
(alone, that) I-am-pleased (and

intueor
cease
to

fear);

I-behold

te unum you alone;

omnis mea oratio my speech all

sunt

spectat ad
(is)

directed

to

te you

unum.
alone.

Quae
veritatis,
the truth,

gravissima
most-weighty

mihi ad
animi,

spem obtinendaa
of-obtaining

Which-things are

for-me for the hope

ad
(but)
for

motum
que
and

et

ad
for

oir.nem
aii

the excitement of-the-mind, and

impetum
the force

dicendi
of-speaking

contentionem
controversy

leviora,
lighter

(and em.

Enim
barrassing").

si,
if,

C. Caesar,
C.

dieerem
I-were-to-plead

hanc causam
this

For

Caesar,

wmse

0RAT10 PRO REGE DEIOTARO.

fa
in

37?
disceptante,
deciding,

foro.
the forum,

te you

eodem
the

audiente
hearing

same

et and

quantam
wnat

alacritatem
alacrity

concursua
(and excitement)

^ould

the concourse

Romani
non
'would
not

populi

afferret
'bring

mihi
to-me

Enim
For

quis
what

civis
citizen

of-the-Roman people

faveret
'favour

ei
that

regi,
king,

omnem
all

cujus
whose

aetatem
life

meminisset
populi?
people?

esse

consumptam
curiam,

in bellis
in the wars

Romani
of-the-Roman

he-would-have-remembered

to-have-spent

Spectarem
testarer
'I-might-call

intuerer
Sic
Ho-witness.

forum,

I-would-see the-senate-house, I-would-look-over the forum,

denique
in-fine

coelum ipsum.
heaven
itself

quum
when

Thus

recordarer

beneficia
populi,
people,

et
both

immortalium
of-the-immortal

deorum,
gods,

I-niight-have-recalled the kindness

Romani et and of-the-Roman

Deiotarum,
Deiotarus,

et and

senatus
of-the-sen-ate

in
towards

regem
king

posset
there-could

nullo
in-no

modo
wise

oratio

deesse

mihi.

a speech be-wanting to-me.

Quoniam
(And)
because

parietes
the walls (of the house)

faciunt make

quae
these -things

angustiora,
more-narrow
(and
difficult),

que
and
loco,

actio
the pleading

maximae
of-a-great

causes
cause

debilitatur

est
it-is

tuum,
your
(part),

Caesar, qui
Caesar,

saepe
'have often

is-weakened by-the-place,

who

dixisti,
'pleaded

pro
for

multis, many,

referre
to-refer

ad
to

te your

ipsum, quid
self,

what 'may

nunc
now

sit
'be

mihi my

animi;
state-of-mind;

quo

facilius

quum
as-well

whereby the more-easily

tua
your

aequitas
justice

turn
as

diligentia
(your)
diligent-attention
(in)

audiendi
listening

minuat
may-lessen

hanc
this

meam
my
de

perturbationem.
embarrassment.

Sed antequam
But
ipsa:,
itself,

before

dico
I-say

accusation e
the accusation

dicam
I-shall-say

(any thing)

concerning

pauca
a few- words

de
concerning

spe
the hope

accusatorum.
of-the -accusers.

Qui quuin Who when

82'

378
videantur,
they-inay-seein,

0RATI0 PRO REGE DEIOTARO.

nee
neither
l

ingenio,
by
(their)
'talents,

nee
nor

usx*
by-practice

atque
and

exercitatione
experience
(in)

rerum
affairs (of this

valere,
kind) to-be-of-any-account,

tamen
yet

non venerunt
Hhey-did
not

ad banc
to

causam
cause

sine
without

'come

this

aliqua
some
3.
1

spe,
hope,

et and

cogitatione.
reflection

(on the subject).

Non
They-were
not

erant nescii,
'ignorant,
;

(that)

te you

iratum
were-

fuisse
angry
(with)

regi
king

Deiotaro
Deiotarus;

meninerant
they -had-remembered (that)

ilium
ho

affectum
suffered

quibusdam
some

incommodis
inconveniences

et and

detriments,
losses

propter
on-account-of

offensionem
the displeasure

tui
of-your

animi
mind
(towards him)
;

que
and

quum
when
turn

cognoverant
they-had-known
(that)

te you

iratum
were-angry (with)
sibi
;
;

bnic,
bim,

esse
were

amicum
friendly

que
and

quum
when

as-well-as (that you)

to-themselves

dicirent
they spoke

apud

te ipsum with you yourself

de

tuo periculo,
danger,

(privately) concerning your

putabant,
they-thought,

ut
that

fictum
a fictitious

crimen
crime

facile would easily

insideret
lodge

in
(and
fix itself)

exulcerato
a sore,

animo.
(and irritated)
mind.

in

Quamobrem,
Wherefore,

Caesar,
Caesar,

libera nos
deliver

primum
first

boc
per
by

metu,
fear,

us

from-this

per
By

fidem
(your) good-faith

et and

constantiam,
firmness,

et and

tuam
your

clementiam,
clemency,
(so that)

ne
we-may
remains
not

suspicemur
suspect,
(that)

ullam
any

partem
portion

iracundiae
of-anger

residere

in
in

te. you.

Oro
I-entreat

te you

per
by

istam dexteram,
that

quam
which
;

bospes
'you a guest

porrexisti
'reached-forth

right-hand (of yourz),

regi Deiotaro
to-king-Deiotarus (your)

bospiti
host;

istam dexteram, inquam,

that

right-hand,

I-say,

0RATI0 PRO REvIE DEIOTARO.

379

non
k

tarn firmiorem in bellis, nee in proeliis,

even
more-firm
in

'Viich

is)

not

wars,

or

in

battles,

quam
than

in promissis
in

promises

et fide. and in-good-faith.

Tu

voluisti

mire
to-enter

You have-chosen

domuni,
(his)

house,

et and

tu
you
(desired)

renovari
to-renew
(your)

vetus
old

hospitium
bond-of-hospitality-and-friendship

ejus
his

dii penates household-gods

acceperunt
have-received

te ; you ;

arse
the altars

que
and

foci
hearths

regis
of-king

Deiotari
Deiotarus

viderunt
have-seen

te you

amicum
friendly

et placatum. and appeased.

Quum,
As,

Csesare,
Caesar,

soles
you-are-aceustomed

facile
'to-be easily

exorari,
Untreated
(to forgive),

turn
so

exorari
(you are used) to-be-entreated, (and to forgive)

semel
once

(and for ever)

te, you, (and became

nemo unquam,
no-one
ever,

inimicus, placavit
(being)

an-enemy,

appeased

reconciled to you),

qui who

senserit

resedisse

might-perceive (that) there remained

ullas any

reliquias
rest

simultatis
of-resentment

in
in

te. you.

Quamquam
However

cui to-whom havc

:

cum Deiotaro inauditae sunt? tuse querelse , your complaints (and expostulations) with Deiotarus 'been-unheard-of?

Tu nunquam
You
a friend,

accusavisti
accused

ilium
him

ut
as

hostern,
an-enemy,

sed ut
but
as

never

amicum,

parum
but
little

functum
discharging

officio,
the duty
(of friendship),

quod
because

he-was

fuisset propensior in amicitiam Cn. Pompeii more inclined to the friendship of-Cn. Pompey

quam
than

in
to

tuam.
your-friendship.

Tamen
Yet
ipsi same

dicebas
rei,
thing,
si
if

te

daturum
tantum

fuisses

you-said (that) you

si
if

would-have-granted

veniam
pardon

cui
for-this

misisset
'seat

'he-had

only

auxilia

Pompeio, vel
or

etiam
even (he had sent)

filium,
(his)

assistance to-Pompey,

son (to

him\

ipse
*aad he-himself

usus esset
'made-use
(of)

excusatione
the excuse

setatis,
'of (his) 'old-aga*

880
Ita
Bo-that

ORATIO PRO REGE DEIOTARO.

quum
when

liberares
yoe-aeqoitted

eum
him
(o:

maximis
leipal

rebus^
thu

reiinquebas
you-ieft
^only,

perparvam culpam
;

amicitiae.
(respecting

-small

blame

hh)

frier..

Itaque Don solum

Tier-rfjre

non animadvertisti
*di

in

eum,
him,

cot

only

l-you

pu:

sed
but

liberavisti
you-reieased

omni
(Win)
from-all

metu,
fear,

agnovisti
you
aokco-.v;rjgf,<3

hospitem,
Bip htm
--xl-1)

reliquisti
you-.

regern.

4.

Enim
I'-t

neque
:.

ille
I)

progrethia affair)

be

odio
Is

tui,
.

sed
but

lapsus est

comrnuni errore.
ssepe appellav

u,

rex,

quern senatus

hoc

nomine
ab

honorificentissimis
m-tbe-mc

decretis,

que
and

qui,

quum
as
'l.-

adolescentia duxisset ilium ordi

.

..th

o:;~r

gravissimum
perturb';
iisdera

que

Tiura,

rebus, quibns

nos,

nati in me".
born
in the
i_

nblidi,

rjue

sor^per
alwa;

.and
(living)

her e% (though he was) a man

longinquus
far-off

and

et alienigena. a foreigner,

lm
HThen

audiret
he-heard
(that)

arma
arms
a a

sumpta
had-been-taken

auctoritate
by-the-auth

rempublicam
the repol

datani

senate;

def.
to- h
-

ounis
tri

bunee of-the-people,

not
batur
*.:.-.'.

imperatoribus,
ei

move.-

anin:

vir,

".us

huic

impel
Ml

OBATIO PRO REGE DEIOTARO.

extimescebat
feared-greatly
cle
for

381
in
in

salute

Romani

populi,
people,

qua
"which

the safety of-the-Roman

etiam
also

videbat

suam

esse inclusam
was-included
;

tamen
however
sibi

he-perceived (that) his-own (safety)

in
in

summo
the greatest

timore
fear

arbitrabatur
he-thought
(it)

esse

to-be (best) for-himself

quiescenduin,
to-remain-quiet.

Vero
But
!

maxime
he-was
great'.y

perturbatus

est,

'distressed,

ut audivit when he-heard

consules
(that) the consuls

profugisse
had-fled

ex
from

Italia,
Italy,

que
and

omnes
all

consulares

(enim
(for

sic
so

nuntiabatur
Italiain
Italy

ei\
I,

(those of) consular-rank

it-was-announced to-him

cunctum
(also)

senatum,
senate,

totam
(and that)
all

effuvras-

the entire

sam

esse

enim
for

via
the road

patebat
was-open

ad
to

Orientem,
the East,

talis
f^r-such

dispersed;

nuntiis
messengers

et and

ruruoribus,
reports,

nee
nor
'did

ulli

veri
true

any

(accounts)

sequebantur.
l

Audiebat
He-heard

follow.

tuis nothing concerning your

nihil

de

conditio*
propo

nibus, nihil
sitions,

de
concerning (your)

studio concordiae et
desire

nothing

of-concord

pacis, and of-peace,

nihil
nothing

de
concerning

conspiratione
the conspiracy

certorum
of-eertain

hominuni
men
essent
they-vrere

contra tuam
against

dignitatem.
dignity.

Quae

quum
eo,

ita,
so,

your

Which-thinga when

tamen
yet-however

tenuit
he-kept

se
hinii-elf (quiet)

usque
till

quoad
that

that (time),

legati
ambassadors

que
and

literae
letters

venerunt
came

ad
to

eum
him
si
if

a
from

Cn.
Cn.

Pompeio.
Pumpey.
cessit
yielded

Ignosce, ignosce,
Pardon,
pardon,

Caesar,
Ca?sar,

rex Deiotarus
king
Deiotarua

auctoritati
to-the-authority

ejus
of-that

viri,

man,

quern whom
dii gods

nos
we

omnes
all

secuti

sumus

ad
on

quern
-whom

quum
when

atque
and

homines
mec
ipse

have-followed;

congessissent omnia ornamenta,

pave-heaped
all

turn
so-also

tu

honours,

you yourself (have

382

ORATIO PRO REGB DEIOTARO.

plurima et maxima.

Enim
For

neque,
neither,

conferred)

many
deeds

and very-great (favours on him).

pi
if

tuse your

res geste

attulerunt
have-brought

obscuritatem
obscurity

laudibus
to-the-praise

ceterorum,
(and renown) of-others,

idcirco amisimus
'lost

memoriam

'have-we therefore

the remembrance

Cn. Pompeii.
of-Cn- Pompey.

Quis

ignorat
is-ignorant

quantum
how-great

ejus
his

nomen
name

Who

fuerit, (and renown) was,

quantas
how-great
(his)

opes,
power (and

quanta
influence), how-great

gloria in
(his)

omni genere bellorum, quanti

all

honores
senatus,
superiores

glory

in

kinds

of-wars,

how-great the honours

Romani
(received from)

populi,
people,

quanti

the

Roman

how-great (from) the senate,

quanti

tui ?

Ille

how-great (from) yourself?

gloria,, in-glory (and renown),

tanto vicerat He so-much surpassed

tu
you

(his)

predecessors

quanto
as

praestitisti
have-excelled

omnibus
all-men,

Itaque
Therefore

admirantes
admiring

numerabamus
we-counted
;

bella,
the wars,

victorias.
the victories,

triumphos, consulatus Cn. Pompeii

the triumphs,
the consulships of-Cn.

tuos possumus
we-can

Pompey;

(but) ^ours

non enumerare.
not
count,

5.

Ad
To

eum
him

igitur
therefore

rex
king

Deiotarus
Deiotarus

venit,
came,

hoc
in-this

misero que fatali bello, quern antea whom before war, miserable and fatal
justis
'regular

adjuverat
he-had-assisted 'in (his)

hostilibus
foreign

bellis,
wars,

cum
with

quo whom

erat
he-was

conjunctua
united

non
not

solum
only

hospitio,
by-the-bonds-of-hospitality,

verum
but

etiam
also

et venit vel rogatus, ut amicus, asked, as a friend. by familiar-acquaintance, and he-came either

familiaritate,

vel
or

arcessitus,
requested,

ut
as

socius,
an
ally,

vel
or

evocatus, ut
called-out,

is

as

one

qui who

didicisset
tad-learned

parere
to-obey

senatui;
<he senate;

postremo
in-fine

he-

venit came

ut
as

ad
to

ORATIO PRO REGE BEIOTARO.

fugientem,
one-flying,

383
id
that

non
not

ut
as

ad
to

insequentem,
one-pursuing,

est
is

ad
to

societatem
proelio
the battle (of)

periculi,

non ad
not
to

victoriae.
(that) of-victory.

Itaque,
Therefore,

the companionship of-danger,

Pharsalico
Pharsalicus

facto,
being-determined,

discedit
he-departed

a
from

Pompeio
Pompey;

noluit
he-did-not-wish

persequi infinitam
to-follow

endless

(and uncertain)

spem
hopes;
si
if

duxit
he-considered (that)

satisfaction esse
he-had-discharged

vel

officio,
duty,
si
if

either (his)

debuerat
he-owed

quid,
any,

vel
or

errori,
(had atoned
for)

error,

nescierat

quid

contulit se
he-returned

domum,
home,

atque,
and,

he-had-mistaken any-thing;

te you
luis
your

gerente
carrying-on

Alexandrinuni
the Alexandrine

bellum,
war,

paruit
he-consulted

utilitatibus.
interests.

Me
He
viri

sustentavit exercitum
supported

Cn. Domitii,
of-Cn. Domitius,

the-army

amplissimi
a-most-illustrious

suis tectis
in-his

man

houses

et and Vith
ille

copiis
(his)

^eans;

[he gave

misit
sent

pecuniam
money

quarters and supplies to his army;]

he

Ephesum ad eum,
to-Ephesus
to

quern

tu

delegisti
had-selected

ex
from

omnibus
all
;

him,

whom you

tuis

fidelissimum
ille

four (friends, as) the-most-faithful

et and

probatissimum
most-esteemed;

ille

he

iterum,
i

tertio
a third-time

dedit
gave

pecuniam,
money
(to

second-time,

he

quii him), which

uterere
you-might-use

ad
for

bellum,
the war,

auctionibus
public-sales (of his property)

ille objecit factis ; exposed being-made; he

suum corpus
his

periculo, fuit
to-danger, he-was

cum
with

person

in te you in

acie
battle

contra
against

Pharnacem,
Pharnaces,

que

dixit

tuum
Coesar,
Caesar,

and he-considered your

hostem
enemy

esse
to-be

suum.
his.

Quae
Which-things

quidem,
indeed,

accepta sunt
were accepted

a
by

te you

in
in

earn
that

partem,
(good)
part,

ut
that

384
affeceris you -rewarded

0RATI0 PRO REGE DEIOTARO.

eum
him
regis.
of-king.

amplissimo
with-the-most-ample

honore,
honours,

el and

nomine
iriih-the-name

Is

igitur,
therefore,

non modo
not

liberatus
freed

a
by

He
also

only

periculo, te you frcm-danger,

sed etiam ornatus

but

amplissimo
te you

invested (by you) with-the-inost-aniple

honore,
honours,

arguitur,

voluisse

interficere
to-kill

suae
in-his-own

is-accused, to-have-desired

domi.
house.

Quod
Which

tu,
you,

nisi

judices

eum
him

furiosissimum,
a-most-furious

unless you-suppose

potes
(madman)
can

non
not

profecto
at-all

suspicari.
suspect.

Enim
For

ut
that

omittam,
I-may-omit,
[of]

tanti
how-great

sceleris
a crime

fuerit
it-would-have-been

CUJUS,
of-him,

m
in

conspectu
the-sight
;

penatium
'of (his)

deorum,
gods,

necare
to-kill

household

hospitem
a-guest;

tantse
[of]

importunitatis cujus extinguere

the audacity

how-great

of-him

to-extinguijh

clarissimum
the brightest

lumen
light

omnium gentium, atque omnis

of-all

nations,

and

of-ali

memoriae
remembrance
;

tantae
[of]

ferocitatis
the ferocity

CUJUS
of-him

non
not

how-great

extimescere
to-fear

victorem
the conquerer

orbis terrarum
of- the- world

tarn
'of the so

inhumani
'inhuman

et and

ingrati
ungrateful

animi
mind

cujus

mvemri
rex;
king;

of-him (as) to-be-found

tyrannum
a tyrant

in eo, towards him,

a
by

quo
whom

appellatus esset
he-was-called

ut
that

omittam
I-may-omit

haec,

tanti

furoris
the frenzy

these-things, [of] how-great

fait would-be

hujus,
of-him,

excitare
to-excite

contra
against

se
himself

unum
alone

omnes
all

reges,
the kings,

quorum
of-whom

erant
there-were

multi many
socios,
the allies, ?
?

finitimi,
'on his 'frontiers,

omnes
all

liberug
free

populos, omnes
people,
all

omnes
all

provincias,
the provinces,

denique
in-fine

arm a
the arms

omnium

Quonam modo
How
'would

ille

of-all-people

he

ORATIO PRO REGE DEIOTARO.

distractus esset,
'have-been-at-variance,

385
dorno,
(his)

cum
with
(his)

regno,
kingdom,

cum
with

house,

cum
with
(his)

conjuge,
wife,

cum
(and)

carrissimo
(his)

filio,

non
not

with

beloved

son,

modo
?nly

perfecto
having-accomplished
?
?

tanto
so-great

scelere,
a crim^>

sed
but

etiam
even

cogitato
6.

feaving-thought-of-it

At,
But,

credo
I-suppose

inconsultus
the inconsiderate

et and

temerarius
rash

homo
man

non videbat
Mid not
illo ?
l

hsec.

Quis
(But)

consideratior
more-considerate (than)

see

these-things.

who

he?

quis tectior ? quis prudentior ? who more-circumspect? who more-prudent?

loco
place

Quamquam
Though

hoc
in-this

puto,
I-think,
(that)

Deiotarum defendendum non

Deiotarus
is-to-be-defended

not

tarn ro-much
fide,

ingenio
'for (his) 'talents

et and

prudentia,
prudence,

quam
as
'for (his}

'good-faith,

et and
est
is

religione
religious-conscientiousness

vitse.
of-life.

Probitas
The-probity

hominis
of-the-man

nota
known

tibi,
to-you,

C. Caesar,
C. Caesar, (his)

mores
manners

noti, are-known

constantia
(to you, his)

nota.
is-known
(to you).

Cui
To-whom
people

porro,
moreover,

constancy

qui who

modo
'has

audivit
'heard

nomen
the

Romani

populi

non
'is

only

name of-the-Roman
virtus,
fides

not

integritas,
the honesty,

gravitas,
weight-of-character,
?

Deiotari

virtue, (or) good-faith of-Deiotarus

audita est
'known
?

quod facinus
which
crime

igitur
therefore

posset
could

nee
neither

cadere
happen

in
to

imprudentem hominem,
an imprudent

propter

metum
nisi
unlesf

praesentis
of-present

man,

on-account-of the fear

exitii,
destruction,

nee in
nor
to

facinorosum,
the-most- wicked-man,

idem
the-same

esset
were

amentissimus,
the most-foolish,

id
this

confingitis
you-suppose

cogitatum esse
to-have-been-thought-on

ab
by

homine
a

minime
(not in)

stulto.
foolish.

At quam
But
this

non
(you present) not

man

the least

33

386

0RATI0 PRO REGE DEIOTARO

mod5
only

non
not

credibiliter,
in-a-credible-manner,

sed
bat

quidem
indeed

ne
notfetfB,

suspiciose
in-a-suspieious-manner!

Quum
When
x

inquit,
he, the accuser,
*says,

(that)

venisses
you-had-come

in castellum
to

Luceium,
Luceium,

the castle

devertisses et and you-had-turned-asid*

erat
there-was

domum
to-the-palace

regis
of-the-king

tui your

hospitis,
host,

quidam
a certain

locus, in
plaee,

quo erant
which
were

ea

composita
te.
to-you.

quibus
which

rex
the king

in

those arranged-things

constituerat
had-determined

munerare
to-offer-as-presents

Volebat
He-desired

ducere
to-conduct

te you

hue
thither

a
(on coming)

balneo,
the-bath,

priusquam
before

from

accumberes.
you-reclined-at-table.

Enim
For

erant
there-were

ibi
there

armati
armed-men
te.
you.

collocati in
stationed
in

eo
that

ipso loco, qui same place, who

interficerent
were-to-bave-killed

En
Behold

crimen,
the accusation,

en
behold

causa,
the reason,

cur why
I

fugitivus
a runaway

servus
slave

accuset
initio,

regem

dominum. Ego mehercules,

master.

should-accuse the king (his)

by-Hercules,

Caesar,

quum
when

ista
this

causa
cause

delata est
was-brought

ad
to

Caesar, in-the-beginning,

me, perculsus sum

me,
was-struck

hac
with-this

suspicione,
suspicion,
(that)

Phidippum,
Phjdippus,

medicum,
legatis,
the ambassadors,

regium servum,
slave,

the physician, (and) royal

qui who

missus esset
had-been-sfent

cun?
witb

corruptum esse
had-been-corrupted

ab
by

isto
this

adoleseente
young-man.

Subornavit
He-has-suborned
(thought I)

medicum

indicem
l

the physician (as) an informer;

hewil)

videlicet finget aliquod crimen veneni. crime of-poison, some Hnvent certainly

Etsi
Although

loLge
far

a
from

veritate,
tne truth,

tamen
yet

res
the affair
(of

lion

my
a

conjecture)

*was not

multum
much

abhorrebat
Apposed
to,

consaetudine
the-usual-practica

(or at variance)

(with)

0RATT0 PRO REGE DEIOTARO.

criminandi.
of-accusing.

387
Nihil

Quid
What

ait
says

medicus

?
?

de
about

the physician

Nothing

veneno.
poison.

At primo
But
firstly

id potuit
it

fieri

occultius
more-secretly

could
;

have-been-done

in
in

potione,
drink,
fit
(or)

in
in

cibo
food;

deinde
next

etiam
also
(it

could hare)

impunius,

quod
because

quum factum
when

est,

potest
it-can

been-done more-impunibly,

it-is-done,

negari.
be-denied.

Si intereraisset
If

he-had-killed

te you

palam,
openly,

convertisset
he-would-have-brought

in
on

se
himself

non
not

solum
only
si
if

odia
the hatred

omnium gentium,
of-all nations,

sed
but

etiam
also
(their)

arma;
arms
;

veneno,
by-poison,

ille

quidem potuisset
indeed
could

he

nunquam
never

celare
have-concealed
(this

numen
deed from)
the divinity

Jovis
of-Jupiter

hospitalis,
(the

fortasse
(though)

celasset
he-might-have-concealed

God

of)

hospitality,

perhaps

homines.
(it

Igitur

quod
cautius,

et

potuit conari
'might

from)

men.

Therefore that-which 'he both

attempt

occultius,

et

efficere

non
'he-did not

credidit
'confide

more-secretly, and

execute more-cautiously,

id
it

tibi,
to-you,
?

et

callido

medico,
physician,

et,

ut
as

both a skilful

and,

fideli he-thought, faithful

putabat,

servo
slave?

noluit
(but) would-not

celare

te
(his designs)

de
respecting

conceal (from) you

armis,
arms,

de

ferro,

de
contexitur
'put-together

insidiis ?

At quam
But

respecting swords, (and) respecting ambuscades?

how

festive
finely
'is

crimen
the accusation

Tua
Your

fortuna,
good-fortune,

inquit,
eays-he,

eadem, quse semper,

the same,

servavit te;
(did,

which

always

now

also)

saved

you

negavisti,
you-disavowed, (that)

te velle turn inspicere. you wished then to examine (the

?
?

presents).

7.

Quid
What

postea

an
whether

Deiotarus
did Deiotarus

afterwards

cc atinuc immediately

dimisit
dismiss
(his)

exercitum,
army,

re
the affair (of assassinating)

388 non
not
J

0RATI0 PRO REGE DEIOTARO.

illo

tempore perfecta?
time
'completed
?

erat
was-there

nullus aliua
no
othes

being at-that

locus
place

insidiandi?
of-forming-ambuscades
?

At
But

dixeras,
you-said, (that)

te rediturum you would-retum

fecesti. you-did

eodem
Vo-the-same- place

quum
when

coenavisses;
you-had-supped;

itaque
therefore

(it).

Fuit
V7as-it

magnum
(such)

retinere
(thing)
to-retain

armatos,
the armed-men,

ut
as

a great

collocati fuerant,
ihey-had-been-stationed,

unam horam
one

aut
or

duas
two (hours longer)

hour

eodem
in-the-same

loco

Quum
When
et and

fuisses,
you-had-been,

place?

[When you had

convivio,
the banquet,

spent

comiter
your time,]
isti
cheerfully

jucunde
agreeably

in
at

turn
then

illuc,
there,

ut
as

dixeras.
you-had-said.

In
In

quo
which

loco
place

cognovisti
you-perceived

you-went

Deiotarum
Deiotarus
(to

talem
be) the same
;

erga
towards

te, qualis you, as

rex Attalus
king
Attalus

fuit in P. Africanum was towards P. Africanus ;

cui, ut to-whom, as

legimus
we-read
(it)

scriptum,
recorded,

misit
he-sent

magnificentissima
most-magnificent

dona,
presents,

ex
from

Asia usque ad
Asia
even
to

Numantiam;
Numantis,;

quae
which

Africanus
Africanus

accepit,
accepted,

exercitu the army

inspectante, quod
looking on,

quum Deiotarus
when
mind
Deiotarus

praesens
present (and in person)

which

fecisset
bad-done

et

regio

animo

both with-a-royal

et and

more,
manner,

tu discessisti
you
departed

in

cubiculum.
illius
of-

Obsecro,
I-beseech
(you),

Caesar,
Caesar,

repete
recall

to (your) sleeping-apartment.

memoriam
the

temporis,
times,

pone ilium diem ante

place

remembrance

those

that

day

befcr8

oculos,
{your)
eyes,

recordare
remember
te, you,

vultus
the countenances

hominum
of-the-men

intuententium
looking--on

atque admirantium.
and
admiring
(you).

Num
Now
quid

quae
what

trepidatio

?
?

num
now

qui
what

tumultus

num

the trepidation

the tumult?

was-there any-thing

(clone;

0RATI0 PRO REGE DEIOTARO.

nisi
unless

389
discipline
the-regulation

moderate,
moderately,

nisi
unless

quiete,
quietly,

nisi
unless

ex
by

gravissimi
^f-a-nlost-dignined

et and

sanctissimi
most-venerable

hominis?
man?

Igitur
Therefore

quid
what
[of]

causae
reason

potest
can

excogitari,
be-imagined,

cur why

voluerit
did-he-wish

occidere
to-kill

te you

lotum,
after-having-bathed,
(but)

noluerit
did-not-wish (to
kill

you)

coenatum?
after-having- s tpped
?

Inquit

distulit in
to

posterum
the next

'He, says (the accuser), 'put-it-off

diem,
day,

ui
tha.

quum
when
ibi

ventum

esset

in
to

castellum
the castle
(of)

he-h ad-come

Luceium,
Luceius,
(K d)

perficeret
he-might-accomplish
(his)

cogitata.
designs.
:

there

I-do

Non
not

vidoo
l

causam
the reason

mutandi
of-changing

loci

sed
but

tamen
however

fte

the place;

res
the affair

acta est
wai brought-forward

criminose.
in-a-criminating-manner.

Quum,
When,
velle
desired

inquit
post
[take an emetic]
after

dixisses

'he (the accuser'/ says (that) you-had-said, (that)

te you

vomere
to-vomit

ccenum,
supper,

coeperunt
they-began

ducere
to-lead

te you

in
tc

balneum;
the bath-room;

enim
for

insidiae there the ambuscades (of

ibi

erant.
soldiers)

were (placed)

At
But

ilia tbit

eadem
same

fortuna

tua
in

servavit
saved

good-fortune (of) yours

te you;

(for

dixisti
you-said
(that)

malle
you-preferred
(doing
it)

cubiculo.

in (your) sleeping apartment.

Dii
*May
the

perduint
gods

destroy

te, you,

fugitive runaway

es
(slave)
!

non
not

you-are

modo
only

^ta
so

nequam
wicked

et improbus, sed and corrupt, but

?

etiam fatuus
also

et
an-.-

a fool

amenfl
senselessly (stupid);

quid
what?

ille

posuerat aenea signa in

'placed

'had he

brazen

statues

in

insidiis,

quae possent
which
could
?

non
not

transferri

balneo
the bath-room

ambush,

be-transferred from

in
in*f
\his)

cubiculum

Habes
You-have (the whole)

crimen
accusation

sleeping-apartment?

33*

390
insidiarum
of-ainbuscades
;
;

0RATI0 PRO REGE DEIOTARO.

enim
fur

dixit

nihil

amplius
more;

horum
of-all-these-thinga

he-said nothing

inquit
he-says

eram
I-was

conscius.
privy.

Quid
What

tum
se

erat
was

ille

ita
so

then?

he

demens,
senseless,

ut
that

dimitteret
he-should-send

a
from

eum,
him,
?
(to)

quera

himself

whom

haberet
mitteret

conscium

tanti

sceleris
a crime?

Etiam
Also (that)

he-had (intrusted) the knowledge of-so-great

Romam,

he-should-send (him) to Rome,

sciret where he-might-know

esse,
was,

ubi

et
(that)

both

suum inimicissimum nepotem

bis

inimical

grandson

et C. Csesarem, and C. Caesar,

cui
for

fecisset
he-had-placed

whom

insidiis ? ambuscades?

prsesertim
especially

quum
when

is

he

esset
(Phidippus)

unus,

qui

posset
conjecit
he-threw

judicare

de
in
into

was the only-one, who

?

could give-testimony concerning

se
himself

absente
absent?

Et
And

inquit,
says he,

meos my

fratres
brothers

vincula,
prison,

quod

erant
eos,
those,

conscii.
acquainted
(with the
affair).

because (they also) ,were

Igitur
Therefore

quum
when
te you

vinciret
he-bound

quos habebat whom he-had

qui scires who know

cum

se, with himself,

mittebat
he-sent

solutum
unbound
illos

Romam,
to-Rome,

eadem,
the-same-things,

quse
which
8.

dicis

scire ?

you-say (that) they

know?
accusationis
of-the-accusation

Reliqua
The remaining

pars
part

fuit was

duplex;
twofold;

una

regem

the one (that) the king

fuisse was

semper
always

in
in

speculis,
the-watch-towers,
(on

quum animo
the look-out),
as

esset

alieno

te

altera

in-mind

he-was estranged

from you; the other

eum
(that)

comparasse
had-assembled

magnum
a great

exercitum
army

contra
against

he

te. you.

De
Concerning
Deiotarus

exercitu
the

dicam
I-shall-speak

breviter, ut cetera.
briefly,

army

as

the rest.

Rex Deiotarus nunquam

King
never

habuit
had

eas
those

copias,
forces,

quibus
with-whieto

ORATIO PRO REGE DEIOTARO.

posset
he-could

391
;

Romano populo inferre belluui wage war against the Roman people;
quibus
tueretur
he-might-protect

sed
but (only
afc

suos
his

finos
territories

those)

by which

from

excursionibus
incursions

et and

latrociniis,
armed-robbery,

et and

mitteret
might-send

auxilia
auxiliaries

nostris imperatoribus.
to-our

Atque quidem
And
;

antea
formerly

poterat
he-could

commanders.

indeed

alere
maintain

majores
greater

copias
forces;

nunc
now

potest
he-can

vix
scarcely

tueri
support

exiguas.
very-small
(forces).

At
But

misit
he-sent

ad
to

Csecilium,
Caecilius,

neseio
I-know-not

quern whom;

sed conjecit
but

eos,
those,

he-threw

quos whom
J

misit

in vincula,
prison,

he-had-sent into

quod
because

noluerunt
they-would-not
sit,

ire.
go.

Non
I-do

quaero
'inquire

quam
how

not

verisimile
likely

regem
the king

aut
either

habuisset
had

non
not

it-may-be, (that)

quos
those-whom

mitteret,
he-might-send,

aut
or
;

eos,
(that) those,

quos whom

misisset,
he-had-sent,

non
(should)

paruisse
in
in

aut
or

qui
those-who

fuissent
were

non
not

not

have-obeyed;

audientes dicto,
obedient,

tanta
so-great

re,
an- affair,
(that)

eos
they (should)

potius
rather

vinctos
be-put-in-prison

quam
than

necatos.
killed.

Sed
But

tamen
however

quum
when

mittebat
he-was-sending

ad Csecilium, utrum
to
Caecilius,

nesciebat
he-did-not-know

whether

illam
(that)

causam
cause (of

victam

esse,

an
whether

putabat
did-he-think

the

Pompey) was-defeated,

istum Csecilium
this

magnum hominem ?
a great

Ca?cilius (to be)

man

quern profecto whom certainly,

is,

he,

qui optime novit nostros homines, who well knew our men,

contemneret,
would-have-despised,-

vel

quia

nosset
he-knew (him),
illud,
this,

vel
or

quia
J

non
misisse
'sent

nosset.
'know (him).

either because

because he-did not

Addit
He-adds

etiam
also

non
he-had not

optimos
the best

392
eqaites
cavalry
iiihil

ORATIO PRO REGE DEIOTARO.

credo,
(to Caesar)
;

Caesar,
Caesar,

I-believe,

(that they were)

ad
to

tuum
your

equitatum
cavalry;

sod
but

misit
he-sent

nothing (as compared)

delectos ex
the best

iis,

quos habuit.
which
he-had.

At

nescio
(says

of

those,

But I-know-not

he)

quern whom [what

ex
particular one]

eo
that

numero
number (was)

judicature
a condemned

of

servum.
slave.

Non
[A person sentenced
to slavery for his crimes.]

*I-do not

arbitror;
'believe (it);

non audivi;
'I-have *not
x

sed in
(it);

eo,
this,

etiam
even

si
if

heard-of

but

in

accidisset,
it-had-happened,

arbitrarer
I-may-believe (that)

fuisse
it-was

nullam
no

culpam
fault

regis.
of-the-king.

9.

Autern quomodo
But

animo
(was he)

alieno

te?
yoa?

how

in-mind

alienated from

Credo
(or in

speravit
he-hoped, (that)
tibi,
to-you,

what respect was he inimical

to

you)

I-believe

exitus
the departure

Alexandres
from Alexandria

fore
would-be

difficiles
difficult

propter
on-account-of

naturam
the nature

regionum,
of-the-place,

et and

fluminis.
of-the-river.

At
But

eo
at-that

ipso tempore
same
time

dedit
he-gave

pecuniam,
money
(to

your

officers,

and)

aluit
'supplied (your)
x

exercitum
army with
the necessaries of
life
j

defuit
he-was-wanting
ei,

in
in

nulla re
nothing,
(as respects supplying,

quem
whom

and

assisting)

him,

praefeceras
you-had-placed-over

Asiae;
Asia;

fuit he-was

presto*
ready
(in aiding

non
you)
not

solium
only

ad
as-respects

hospitium, sed etiam

hospitality,

ad
as-respects

periculum,
danger,

but

also

atque
and

ad
as-respects

aciem.
battle.

Africanum bellum secutum

The African war
folic wed

est
j

graves
(there were) distressing

rumores
rumours

te ; concerning you;

de

qui
which

etiam
also

ORATIO PRO REGE DEIOTARO.

excitaverunt
sxcited

393

ilium
that
.

furiosum
furious

Csecilium.
Csecilius.

Que
In what

animo
iisposition-of-mind

fuit was
sit

turn
then

rex?
the king?

qui who
sese 9
himself,

auctionatus

que
and

maluerit
preferred

spoliare
to-deprive

&old-his-goods-at-public-sale

quam
than
(that)

non subministrare
^e-might not
l

tibi

pecuniam.
money-

supply

you (with)

At

eo

ipso tempore, inquit

time,

mittebat
he-sent (persons)

But at-that same

says

(the accuser)

Niciieam
to

que
and
et and

Ephesum, qui
Ephesus,

exciperent
might-catch-up

Africanos
the African

Nicaea

who

rumores,
rumours,

celeriter
speedily

referrent
report

ad
(them)
to

se.
himself.

Itaque
Therefore

quum nunciatum
when

esset

ei,

Domitium
(that)

it-was-announced

to-him,

Douiitiua

periisse
had-perished

naufragio,
by-shipwreck, (and that)

te you

circumsidere
were-besieged

in
in

castello,
a fortress,

dixit
he-recited

de

Domitio Grascum versum

a Greek
verse
(of)

concerning Domitius

eadem
the-same

sententia,
import,

qua
in -which

nos hebemius
we
have
(it

Latinum,
in)

Latin,

Pereant
Let friends

arnici,
perish,

dum una
when

inimici
(with

intercidant.

together

them

our) enemies

may

fall

Quod
Which

ille,
he,

si
if

esset

inimicissimus

tibi,
to-you,

tamen
yet

he-had-been the-most-inimical

Vould

nunquam
never

dixisset;
^ave-said;

enim
for

ipse
he-himself

mansuetus,
is-mild,

(but)

versus
the verse

immanis.
ferocious.

Autem
But

qui how

poterat
could-he

esse
be

amicus
a friend

Domitio,
to-Domitius,

qui who

esset
was

inimicus
inimical

tibi?
to-you?

Porro
Moreover

cur why
vel
even
belli,
of-war*

esset
ghould-he-be

inimicus
inimical

tibi,
to-you,

a
by

quo, whom, lege

quum
when

potuisset
he-might-have-been

interfici
put-to-death

by-the-laws

S94

ORATIO PRO REGE DEIOTARO.

meminisset,
et

se
himself

he-inight-have-rernembered, (that) both

et pvmjj and k'u

?

Ilium
son

constitutes esse
were constituted

regem
kings?

Quid deinde
What
next?

quo
whither

\ *

(this;

furcifer
scoundrel

progreditur?
*go
?

Ait
He-says (that)

Deiotarum
Deiotarus

(nas so)

elatum
elated

hac
by-this

lsetitia joy

(of the

news

of your reverses, that)

obruisse

se

vino

que

salta^isse

he-overloaded himself with-wine [became drunk] and (that) he-danced

nudum,
naked

in convivio.
at

Quae crux potest afferre

What
cross

satis
sufficient

the banquet.

could

bring

supplicii punishment

huic
to-this

fugitivo ? runaway

quisquam
(slave)?
*did

any-one

unquam
ever

vidit
*see

Deiotarum
Deiotarus

saltantem
dancing

aut
or

ebrium?
drunk?

Omnes
All

virtutes sunt in illo rege,

virtues

quod abitror
which
I-think
(that)

are

in

that

king,

te,
you,

Caesar,
Caesar,

non

ignorare,

sed
but

prcecipue singularis
especially

are not ignorant-of,

a singular

et and
scio I-know

admiranda
to-be-admired

frugalitas
frugality

etsi (and temperance); although

non
(that) Mt-is

solere
l

regem
a king

laudari
be-praised

hoc
by
this

not

usual (that)

vcrbo.
word
(frugality).

Hominem
(That)

dici
is-called

frugi habet
frugal

non
not

man

has

multum
much
grave,

laudis
of-praise

in
in

rege
a king ;
(to

fortem, justuru,
be called)
brave,
just,

severum, gravem,
dignified,

magnanimum, largum, beneficum,

magnanimous,
;
,

profuse,

beneficent,

liberalem, hsec sunt regiae laudes

liberal,

ilia
that

est
other
is

privata.
a private

thes

are

royal

praises

Quisque
(virtue).

accipiat
may-receive
(this)

ut
as

volet;
he-pleases;

ego
I

Each-one

tamen
however

judico
esteem

frugalitatern,
frugality,

id
that

est,
is,

modetiam
moderation

et and

temperantiam,
temperance,
(as)

maximam
the greatest

virtutem.
virtue.

Haec
This-frugality

OKATIO PRO REGE DEIOTARO.

pers].a\h ^st, et has-been-perceived, and
cognita,
known,
from

395

ab ineunte
(bis)

setate, early-commencing age,

quum
as-well

a
by

mncta
all

Asia, tarn
Asia,
as

a
by

nostris magistratibus
our
magirtrate*

que
and

leg&tiVis,
ambassadors,

turn
as

ab
by

Romanis
the

equitibus,
knights,

Roman

qui wha

negotiati suit

in Asia.
Asia.

Ille

quidem aseendit ad hoc

indeed
attained
to

may-have-traffick^d in

He

thia

regium
royal

nomcr*
nam^

multis by-many
;

gradibus
degrees

officiorum
of-services

erga
towards

nostram
our

reirpnhlicam
republic;

sed
but

tamen
however

quidquid
whatever

vacabat

HUis

Romani

populi jungebat
people

cum
with

leisure-he-had from tbevars of-the-Roman

he united

nostris hominibus
our
people
(-\

consuetudines, amicitias,
cultivating)

intercourse,

friendships,

res
(and) the affairs

que
and

.ttiones,
relations (of business),

ut
so-that
a

non
he-was not

solum
only

haberetur
^eld-to-be

nobilis
an illustrious

tetrarches, sed etiam

tetrarcb,

but

alsc

optimus
a most-excellent

paterfamilias,
father-of-a-family,

et and

diligentissimus
a most-industrioua

agricola
agriculturist

et and

pecuariur.
rearer-of-catM
J

Is igitur,
Did-he
then,

qui, who, (when)

adolescens,
a young-man,
(and)

nondum
not-yet

praeditus tanta gloria, endowed with-so-much renown,

fecerit had-done

nisi severissiire et nihil nothing unless most-serioufJy and

gravissime,
gravely, (being held)

ea
in-that

existimatione, que
esteem,

ea
at-that

% ,ate
v

saltavit?
x

and

age

dance?

10. Debeas,
You-ought,

Castor,
Castor,

potius
rather

rmtari

mores
manners

que
and

to-imitate the

disciplinam
discipline

tui
of-your

avi,
grandfather,

qrm
thin

maledicere
to-calumniate

optimo
a-most-excellent

et and

clarissimo
illustrious

viro

ore

fugitivi.
of-a-fug-itive

man by-the-mouth
avunr
a-grandfo^

Quod
(ilave).

si
if

habuisses
you-had-had

W*ator^m,
x

But-even

Ai* .
1

! !

896
neqae
and-not

0RA2I0 PRO REGE DEIOTARO.

eum
that

virum,
man,

unde
whence
[in

exempla pudoris
whom] examples
of-honouf

que pudicitise
and
modesty

peterentur,
might-be-sought,

tamen
however

hoc maledictum
this

calumny

minime
did very-little

conveniret
'agree

in
with

illam
that

aetatem.
age.

Quibus
With-whieh

studiis
studies

ille

imbuerat
had-imbued

se
(and accustomed) himself

(and pursuits)

he

ab incunte setate non saltandi, sed,

from early age
not
of-dancing,
but,

ut

uteretur
equis

that he-might-use (his)

armis
weapons

bene,
well,

ut
(and) that (he might

manage

his)

horses

optime
in-the-best-manner;

tamen
however

euncta
all

ea
these-things

defecerant
failed

ilium jam,
him
now,

exacta
*in (his) 'old

astate.
age.

Itaque
Therefore

quum
when

plures
several

sustulerunt
had-placed

Deiotarum
Deiotarus

in
on
(his)

equum,
horse,

solebamus
we-used

admirari quod
to-admire
that

senex
the-old-man

posset haerere in eo.

could
stick

Vero
But

on

it.

hie
this

adolescens,
young-man,
(Castor),

qui who

in
in

Cilicia
Cilicia

fuit was

meus
my
in

miles,
soldier,

in Graecia
in

commilito

quum
when

equitaret, in
he-rode,

Greece (my) fellow-soldier;

illo
that

nostro
our

exercitu army
had-sent

cum
with

suis
his

delectis
select

equitibus,
cavalry,

quos
which

pater miserat
(his) father

un&
together

cum
with
!

eo
him

ad Pompeium,
to

Pompey,

quos concursus solebat

what
courses

facere
to-make

quam
how

jactare
he-used-to-vaunt

he-used

Be
himself!

quam
how
that

ostentare
to-display

qu&m
(himself)!

concedere
to-concede

how
et and

nemini,
to-no-one,

in ilia causa,
in

studio

cupiditate
ardour

cause (of Pompey) in-zeal

Vero quum, exercitu

But
when,
the

amisso,
(of

ego,
I,

army

Pompey)

being-lost,

qui who

(was)

semper
always

auctor
an advocate

pacis,
of-peace,

post proelium
after

Pharsalicum,
Pharsalia,

the battle (of)

ORATIO PRO REGE DEIOTARG.

fui was

897
sed
but

suasor
the adviser

non
not

deponendorum
of-laying-down

armorum,
arms,

abjiciendorum;
ofJ

potui
;

non
not

adducre
bring

throwing

(them) 'away

(yet)

I-could

hunc
him
(Castor)

ad
to

meam
my
ipse

auctoritateru,
authority,

[induce

him

to

adopt

my

quod
belli, war,

et

ardebat

studio

ipsius

opinion,] because he-himself both was-ardent

in-zeal (for) that-same

et arbitrabatur satisfaciendum and he-thought, (that) he-ought-to-satisfy

(the wishes ci his)

patri.
father.

Felix
Fortunate
sit
(is)

ista
this

domus,
sed
but

quae

non solum
not
only

family (of yours), which

iepta

impimitatem,
impunity,

etiam
also

licentiam
the license

#as-obtained

accusandi
of-accusing (others)
;

calamitosus Deiotarus, qui accusetur

unfortunate
Deiotarus,

who

is-accused

ab
by

eo,
him,

qui who

fuerit was

in
in

iisdem
the same

eastris,

non
(with him),

camp

not

modo
only

apud
before

te5
you,

sed etiam
but
also

a
by

suis. Potestis his-own (relations). Could

non
not

vos,
you,

Castor,
Castor,

esse
be

contenti
content

vestrfi
with-your

secunda
good

fortuna,
fortune,

sine
without
?

calamitate
(bringing)

calamity

(on your)

propinquorum
relations
?

11.

Sane,
'There-may, without-doubt,

sint inimicitiae,
J

be

enmities

(between you),

quae
which

debebant
ought

non
not

esse

enim rex Deiotarus

for

to-have-been;

king

Deiotanu

evocavit
called-forth

vestram abjectam
your

low

et and

obscurant
obscure

familiam,
family,

e
from

tenebris
darkness

in
into

luceni.
light.

Quis

antea
(ever)

audivit
heard (of)

Who
esset,

before

tuum
your

patrem,
father,

qui who

quam
than
(till

he-might-be,

he heard)

cujus
whose

gener
son-in-law

esset?
he-was?

Sed quam vis

But
although

ingrate

et

ungratefully and

34

398
impie

0RAT10 PRC REGE DEIOTARO.

repudiaretis
poteratis
you-might-have

nomen
name
x

necessitudinis,
of (your) 'relationship,

impiously you-niay-have-repudiated the

tamen
however

genere
conducted
(your^

inimicitias
animositiei

more
ficto
with-false

hominurn, non insectari

of-rnen,

after-the-manner

not

to-prosecute ^hiui, you: grandfather)

crimine,
crime,

non
not

expetere
to seek
(his)

vitam
life,

non
(and)

not

arcessere
to-arraign

capitis.
(him)
for-a-capital-ofience.

Esto
Be-it-so;

quo que
let also
;

hsec acerbitas, et
this

magnitudo
greatness

odii
of-hatred

coneedatur
be allowed;

ne
ought
it

bitterness,

and

adeo, ut omnia jura

(to

vitae,

que communis
and

be allowed) so-far, that

all

rights of-life,

of-commou

salutis,
safety,

atque
and

etiam
also

humanitatis
of-humanity

violentur?
are-to-be-violated
?

Sollicitare
To-solicit

servum verbis, corrumpere

a slave

spe

que
and

by-words,

to-corrupt (him) by-hopes

promissis, abducere
promises,
to entice

domum,
(hiin)

armare
to-arm him

contra
against

from-home,

dorainum, hoc est indicere nefarium bellum, non

("his)

master,

this

is

to-declare

a wicked

war,

not

uni
against-one

propinquo,
relation,

sed
but

omnibus
against-all

familiis.
families.

Nam
For

ista
this

corruptela
corruption

servi,
of-slaves,

si
if

non
'it-should not

modo
only

impunita
l

fuerit,

sed
but

etiam
also

approbata
be-approved

a
by

tanta
so-great

be-left-unpunished,

auetoritate,
an-authority
(as this tribunal of yours),

nulli parietes, nullte

no
walls,

no

leges,
iaws,

nulla jura
no
id,
rights

custodient nostram salutera.

will-protect

Enim
For

our

safety.

ubi when

quod
which

est
is

intus,
within (our houses),

atque
and
(is)

nostrum,
ours,

that,

potest
[namely, our slaves,] (that) it-should-be-able

evolare
to- come-forth

impune,
impunibly,
fit

que
and

pugnare
fight

contra
against

nos,
us,

servitus
slavery
'is

in

(then) 'made into

ORATIO PRO REGE DEIOTARO.

dominatu, et dominatus
mastership,

399

in
into

servitute.
slavery.

and

mastership

[The s^ave become*

tempora,
master, and the master slave,]
the times,

mores
the manners!

Cn. Domitius,
Cn. Dotnitius,
.

ille,
he,

quern nos,
-whom
we,

(when)

pueri, vidimus boys, saw

(as)

consulem censorem
consul
censor (and)

pontificem
pontifex

maximum,
maximus,
[chief pontiff,]

quum
when
(he was)

tribunus
tribune

plebis
in
on

vocasset

M. Scaurum
M. Scaurus

of-the-people he-had-called

principem
a-chief-man

civitatis
of-the-state

judicium
trial

populi,
(before)

que
and
et and

the people,

servus
a slave

Scauri
of Scaurus

venisset ad
had-conie
to

eum clam
him

domum,
in
against

secretly, at-his-house,

dixisset,
said,

se
he

delaturum esse
would-bring

crimina
accusations

(that)

(his)

dominum,
master,

jussit
he-ordered

hominem
the

prehendi,
to-be-apprehended,

que
and

man
See

deduci
etsi

ad

Scaurum.
Scaurus.

Vide quid
what

intersit;
the-difference-is;
;

to-be-taken-back to

inique
ille

comparo
I-compare

Castorem cum Domitio

Castor

sed
but

although unjustly

with

Doniitius;

tamen
however

remissit
sent-back

servum
the slave
x

inimico,
to (his)

tu
yoii

he

'enemy,
ille

abduxisti
have-led-away (the slave)

ab
from (your)

avo

noluit
would-not
;

grandfather;

he

audire
listen
(to

incorruptum, tu corrupisti
the slave)

ille
(one)
j

unbribed,

you

bribed

he

repudiavit
rejected

servum
a slave
(as)

adjutorem contra
assistant

dominum,
master,

against (his)

tu
you

etiam
eyen

adbibuisti
made-use-of
(one, as)

accusatorem.
an accuser
(of his master).

An
But-was-it-only

semel
once
(that)

iste
this

corruptus est
(slave)

a
by

was-corrupted

vobis
you?
et and

Nonne
Was-it-not-sc
(that)

quum
when

productus

esset,

he-had-been-brought-foith,

quum
when

fuisset he-was

cum
with

te,

refugit

ad
to

legatos

?
?

you, re-fled-back

the ambassadors

400

OTA HO PRO REGE DEIOTARO.

etiam venit ad hunc Cn. Domitium
also

Noime
Did-he-not

Nonna
Did-he-not

come

to

this

Cn. Domitius

confessus est
confess

audiente
in-the-hearing
(of)

hoc
this

Ser. Sulpicio,
Ser. Sulpicius,

viro, qui turn casu coenabat apud a most-illustrious man, who then by-chance was-taking-supper with

clarissimo

Domitium,
Domitius,

et and

hoc T. Torquato,
this

optimo
a
by

adolescente
young-man

T. Torquatus,

a-most-excellent

se
(also present, that)

corruptum esse
was-bribed

he

tuia te, you, (and) by-your

promissis impulsum in fraudem.

promises
impelled
to

dishonesty (and treachery).

12.
tarn
go

Quag
What

est
is

ista
this

tarn
so

impotens,
unrestrained,
?
(of yours)

tarn
so

crudelis,
cruel,

immoderata
immoderate

inhumanitas
inhumanity

idcirco
?

was-it-for-this

venisti
that-you-came

in
to

hanc urbem, ut
this
city,

corrumperes
hujus

jura,
the laws,

that you-might-corrupt

(institutions),

et and

exempia
examples
(and manners)

urbis,
city,

of-this

que
and that-you -might
civitatis
city,

inquinares
pollute

humanitatem
the humanity

nostras
of-our
?

domestica
*by your

immanitate
(Asiatic)
ferocity
!
i

At
But

domestic

quam
how
inquit,

accute
ingeniously (your)

crimina

collect a

Blesamius,
Blesamius,
viri,

charges have-been-collected

(enim
(for

nomine
by-the-namo

ejus

optimi

says he (the accuser),

of-this very-excellent

man,

nec
nor-not

ignoti unknown

tibi,
to-you,

maledicebat
he-calumniated

tibi), you),

solebat scribere
used
to-writa

ad regem,
to

the king, [DeiotarusJ (that)

te esse you were

in invidia,
unpopular,
(that you)

existimari
were-considered

tyrannum;
a tyrant;
(that your)

statua
statue

posita,
being-placed,

inter

reges,
(the ancient)

animos

hominum
of-men

among

kings (of Rome), the minds

Vers
tibi
for

vebementer
Vehemently

offensos
Offended;
(that)

non
Ht-was not

solere
^sual

yoq

OltATIO
plaudi.
fo-be-applauded.

PRO REGE DEIOTARO.

Nonne,
Csesar,
Caesar,

401

'Do-you

not,

intelligis, Understand,

(that)

hsec
these-things

collecta esse
were-collected

ab
by
?

istis
these-fellows

ex
from

urbanis
the town

sermunculis
gossip

malevolorum
Csesarem

Blesamius
'would

of-evil-disposed-persons?

Blesamius

scriberet
'write
(that)

tyrannum?
(was)
a tyrant?

Enim
Perhaps

Caesar

viderat
he-had-seen

capita
the heads

multorum
of-many

civium
citizens

(exposed);

(or)

multos vexatos, verberatos, necatos, jusu Caesaris; many ill-treated, scourged, killed, by-the-order of-Caesar;

multas
^or)

domos
houses

many

afflictas ruined

et and

eversas
destroyed,* (or)

forum
the forum

refertum
filled

armatis
with-armed

militibus.
soldiers.

Quae
The things-which 'we-have

semper
always

sensimus
experienced

in
in

civili
civil

victoria,
victory,

ea
those

non
'we-did not

vidimus,
'see,

te victore. C. Caesar, you (being) victor. 'You, C. Caesar,

es,
'are,

inquam,
I-say,

solus
the only-one

in by

cujus
whose

victoria
victory

nemo
no-one

ceciderit,
fell,

nisi
unless

armatus.
armed.
liberi,
free-men,

Et
[With arms in his hands.]

And

(him)

quern nos whom we

nati
born

in
in

summa
the highest (and fullest)

libertate
liberty

Romani
of-the-Roman

populi, ducimus
people,

non modo non tyrannum, sed etiam

not only

consider

no

tyrant,

but

even

clementissimum in
most-clement
in

victoria, potest is videri

victory,

tyrannus
a tyrant

can
?
?

he

appear

Blesumio qui
to

vivit in
lives

regno

Nam
quum
when

de

statua,
statue,

Blesamius who

in

a monarchy

For concerning the

una prsesertim, quia queritur, especially, complains, about-one who

multas
many?
?

videat
he-may
see

tarn
so

Valde enim
Greatly

est
is

invidendum
it-to-be-envied

ejus
'to-his

statuis,
'statues,

indeed

cujus
[are his statues to be envied,]

tropseis
trophies

non
'we-do
not

whose

34

402
mvidimus.
envy.

ORATIO PRO REGE DEIOTARO.

Nam
For
indeed

si
if

locus
the place

affert
excites

invidiam,
envy,

nullua
no

est
(place)
is

quidem

clarior
more-conspicuous

ad
for

statutem
a statue

fthan)

Rostris.
the Rostra.

Sed
But
?

de
concerning
(public)

plausu,
applause,

quid
what

respondeam
shall- I-reply?

qui

nee unquam desideratus est

ever
'been-desired

a
by

which 'has not

te, you,

et and

nonnunquam,
sometimes,

hominibus
men
est

obstupefactis,
being-astonished

compressus
(at

admiratione ipsa,
by-admiration
itself,

your great deeds),

it-has-been-repressed

eo praetermissus, quia et fortasse omitted, and perhaps therefore because

potest videri
could

nihil
nothing

vulgare
vulgar

dignum
worthy

te.
of-you.

appear

13. Arbitror
I-think
(that)

nihil
nothing

praetermissum
has-been-omitted

a
by

me, sed
me,
but

aliquid
something

reservatum
is-reserved

ad
to

extremam partem
the extreme

causae.
of-the-cause.

part

Autem
But

id
thi3

est
is

aliquid,
something,

ut
that

mea
my

oratio
speech

plane
'will clearly

reconciliet
'reconcile

te you

Deiotaro
to

;
;

enim
for
illi
;

non jam metuo,

'I-do not

Deiotarus

now
illud,
that,

'fear,

ne
lest

tu
you

succenseas
may-be-angry (with)

vereor
(but) I-fear

ne
lest

him

suspicere, you-may suspect,

tibi,
you,

ilium
(that)

he

is

aliquid somewhat

succensere
'angry
(with)

quod,
which,

crede
believe

mihi,
me,

Csesar,
Caesar,

abest
is-distant

longissime
most-far

enim
(from him)
;

quid
what

retineat
he-retains
;

per
through

for

te meminit, you he-remembers,

Bon
not

quid
what

amiserit

neque
neither

arbitratur,
does-he-think,
(that)

se
he

he-has-lost;

multatum
multa
many-things

te

sed
but

quum
a3

existimares,
you-caay-have-thought, (tbat^

has-been-punished by you;

tribuenda esse
had-to-be-given
(by)

tibi

multis, you to-manj -people,

quominus
at-least-tbat

ORATIO PRO REGE DEIOTARO.

403
qui who
si
if

non recusavit
'he -did

not

object

sumeres ea a se, tbat-you took those things from him,

parte.
party
(that of

fuisset
had-been

in
in

altera
the other

Etenim
PompeyJ. For

Antiochus
Antiochus

ille

magnus,
great,

rex
king

Asiae
of Asia

posteaquam
after-that

the

devictus

a L. Scipione
L. Scipio

jussus esset

he-was-conquered by

(and) had-been-commanded, (only)

regnare
to-reign

tenus
(oyer the country)
as-far-as

Tauro,
(Mount)
Taurus,

que
and

amisisset
had-lost

omnem hanc
all

Asiam, quae
Asia,

est
is

nunc
now
kindly

that (part of)

which

nostra provincia,
our
province,

solitus est dieere, was accustomed to-say,

benigne
(that)

'it-was

factum
*done

sibi to-him

a
by

Romano
the

populo,
people,

quod
because

liberatus
being-freed

Roman

nimis
'from-the
too

magna
'great

procuratione
care
(of a large

kingdom)

uteretur
he-might-enjoy

regni

modicis
facilius

terminis,
extent,
(&oj

potest
can

a kingdom (of) moderate

Deiotarus
Deiotarus
ille

multo
much

consolari
console

se.
himself.

Enim
Foi

more-readily

sustulerat

multam

furoris,

hie

he

[Antiochus] had-sustained the penalty

of-fury, this-one [DeiotarusJ

erroris.
*of (his) 'error.

Tu
You

tribuisti,
granted,

Caesar,

omnia

Deiotaro,

O-Caesar, every-thing to Deiotarus,

quum
when

concessisti,
you-conceded,

et
both

ipsi
to-him

et and

filio
(his)

regium
the royal

son

nomen.
name.
[Title of king.]

Hoc nomine
This
title

retento
(of king)

being-retained

atque servato,
and
preserved,

putat
he
(considers, that)

nullum beneficium
no
benefit

{or

populi, nullum judicium people, no judgment kindness) of-the-Roman

Romani
de

(or decree)

senatus
of-the-secate

imminutum ; se est concerning him has-been-diminished; he is

erecto,
courageous.

animo
(in)

mind

magno
great

et and

nee
nor
'will-he

unquam
ever

succumbet
'succumb

404
mimicis,
tc

OEATIO PRO REGE DEIOTARO.

ne
nor

quidem
even-indeed

fortune.
to-fortune.

Arbitratur
He-thinks
(that)

g
he

-enemies,

et
'l.&s

peperisse
'acquired

multa
much
mind

ante
before

factis,
by-his deeds,

both

et and

(that he)

habere
hjif
(it)

in
in (his)

animo utque
and

virtute,
'in (his)

'power

(to

do more),

quse possit nullo

? hich

modo
means

amittere.
lose.

Enim
For

quae fortuna,
what
fortune,

he-can

by-no

&nt
cj

quis
what

casus,
accident,

aut
or

quae
what

tanta
so-great

injuria
injustice (or injury!

possit
cjuld

delere
efface

decreta
the decrees ?
?

omnium
of-all

imperatorum
(our)

commanders

ue
respecting
lis,

Deiotaro
Deiotarus

Enim
Eor

ornatus est
he-has-been-honoured

ab omnibus
by
all

those,

qui, who,

posteaquam per
after-that

aetatem,
(his)

potuit esse in
he-could

by

age,

be

in

castris, camps,

gesserunt bella, in Asia, Cappadocia, Ponto,

carried-on

wars,

in

Asia,

Cappadocia,

Pontus,

Cilicia,
Cilicia,

Syria.
(and) Syria.

Vero
multa,
many,

judicia

senatus
honorifica,
honourable,
literis,
records,

de

But-indeed the decrees of-the-senate concerning

illo,

lam
(which are)
so

que
and

tarn
so

him,

(and)

quae
which

consignata sunt
are-consigned

publicis
to-the-public

que
and

monumentis
monuments
of

Romani
the-Roman

populi,
people,

quae
which
'will

vetustas
length-of-age

unquam
ever

obruet
'obliterate

aut
or

quae
which

oblivio
'will oblivion

tanta
so-much-as

delebit
'deface?

Quid
What

dicam
shall-I-say

de
concerning

ejus
his

virtute

valour?

de
concerning (his)

magnitudine
'greatness

animi,
of-mind,

gravitate,
gravity,

(and)

eonstantia?
constancy?

quae
which

omnes
all

doeti
learned

atque sapientes
and
wise

(men)

dixerunt
have-said

esse
to-b.3

summa,
the greatest,

quidam
some

etiam
also

sola
the only

bona,
good,

que
and

his,
by-^b^se,

virtutem c^ntentam esse, non

that virtue

modo ad
only
for

was- sufficient,

not

0RATI0 PRO REGE DEIOTARO.

40
beate.
Ille

vivendum
living

bene,
well,

spd
but

etiam
also

ad

for (living) happily.

Ho

reputans
reflecting

hsec,

et cogitans dies que noctes,

thinking
clays

on-these-things, and

and nights (thereon)j

non modo,
not
only,
J

non succenset
is-he not

tibi,

(enim
(for

esset
he-would-bo

'displeased (with) you,

non
not

solum
only

ingratus,
ungrateful,

sed
but

etiam
even

amens),
mad),

verum
but-indeed

refert
refers

omnem acceptam
all

tranquillitatem,
tranquillity,

the received

et and

quietem
quiet

senectutis,
'of (his)
:

tuae
to-your

clementiae
clemency.

old-age,

14.

Quum quidem
When
indeed

antea
heretofore

fuit he-was

quo
in-this (state of)

animo,
mind,

turn,
then,

non
'I-do not

dubito,
'doubt,

quin
but-tbat

tuis by-your

literis,
letter,

exemplum quarum
a copy
of-which

Jegi,
I-have-read, (and)

quas
which

dedisti
you-gave

huic
to-this

Blesanio, Terracone,
Blesamus,

ad eum,
him,

etiam erexerit
'he also

at Terraco (in Spain), for

'cheered

se
himself

magis,
'up the more,

que
and

abstraxit
withdrew
(his

ab
mind)
from

omni
all

sollicitudine.
anxiety.

Enim
For

jubes

sperare bene,
well,

you-tell (him in that letter) to-hope

et and

esse
to-be (of)

bono
good

animo

quod
which

courage:

scio, te I-know, (that) you

'aro

non
not

solere
'accustomed

scribere
to-write

frustra;
in-vain;

enim
for

memini
I-remember
(that)

te scribere wrote you

tuis
in-your

ad me
to

fere

iisdem verbis, que

words,

me,
(that)
I,

me
was

nearly the same

and

literis,
letter,

jussum
laboro

esse,

non
not

frustra, sperare bene.

in-vain,

told,

to-hope

well.

Equidem
'I

causa
in-the-cause

regis
of-king

Deiotari,
Deictarus,

indeed

'exert-myself

cum
with

quo whom

respublica
the republic

conciliavit
united

mihi me

amicitiam,
(in)

friendship,

voluntas
Will-and-inclination

utriusque conjunxit
of-both

hospitium,

joined (us in) the bond-of-hosr-tality,

406
consuetudo
intercourse

ORATIO PRO REGE DEIOTARO.

attulit brought-on

familiaritatem, vero ejus

familiarity,

magna
grealt

but

his

officia,

et

in
to

me
me

Beal-and-good-offices, both,

et and

in
to

meurn exercitum, army, my

;

effecerunt
produced

summam
de
for

necessitudinem
turn
as-also

sed
but

quum
when

the-greatest-degree (of) intimate-friendship;

illo,

laboro
I ex3>r;-myself

de
for

him,

multis many

amplissimis
illustrious

viris,

quibus
to-whom

oportet,

ignotum esse
beneficium
favour
(or

a
by

men,

it-is-proper, (that) pardon-should-be-extended

te you

semel,
once-for-all,

nee
nor

tuum
is

your

pardon granted)

vocari
to-be-called

in
in

dubium,
doubt,

nee
nor
(so that)

sempiternam
perpetual

gollicitadinem
anxiety

hserere
sbould-fasten

in
in

animis
the minds

hominum,
of-men,

nee
or

accidere
that-it-should-happen,

ut
that

quisquam eorum
any-one
of-those

incipiat might-commence

timere
to-fear

te,

you,

qui who

semel liberati sint a te

'have once
'been-liberated

timore.
from-fear.
fieri,
to-do,

by you

Debeo
I-ought

non,
not,

C. Caesar,
C. Csesar,

quod
which

solet
it-is-usual

in
in

tantis
such-great

periculis,
dangers,

tentare,
to-attempt,

ecquonam modo dicendo

if-by-any

mode

of speech

possim
I-could

commovere
move

tuam
your

misericordiam.
compassion.

Est

nihil

There-is-no

opus
need
(of this);

solet
(your compassion)
is-used

occurrere
to-come-forth

ipsa
itself

supplicibus,
for-the-suppliants,

evocata oratione calamitosis, et and unfortunate-persons, called-forth by-the-orafion

tibi

nullius.
of-no-one.

Propone

duos reges,
two
kings, [Deiotarus

Place-before yourself

and his

son],

et and

contemplare
contemplate

in
in

animo,
(your)

quod
which

potes
you-can

non
not

mind,

oculis.
with (your)
''eyes.

Profecto dabis misericordiae,

^ou-wtil certainly
grant
to-compassion,

quod
that-which

denegavisti
you-have-denied

iracundiae.
to-anger.

Multa
Many

sunt
are

ORATIO PRO REGE DEIOTARO.

407

mmumenta
fche-monuments
the security

tuse
of-your

clementiae,
clemency,

sed
but

maxime
more-especially

incolumnitates eorum,
of-those,

quibus
to-whom
si

dedisti
you-have-given

salutem.
safety.

Quae
Which (monuments

sunt
they-are

of clemency) if

gloriosa, glorious, (when conferred

in
on persons)
in

privatis,
private-life,

multo
Hhey-will-be

magis
more

much
The royal

commemorabuntur
'praised

in

regibus.
kings.

Regium nomen
nam*
;

(when conferred) on

fuit was

semper sanctum in hac

always
holy
in
this

civitate
city
;

regum
of kings (our)

(but that)

sociorum
allies

et and

amicorum sanctissimum.
friends

most-holy.

15.

Quod nomen
Which
title

hi

reges
kings

timuerunt
feared

ne
lest

(of kings) these

amitterent,
et and

te

victore

vero
but (which
title)

retentum,
being-retained,

they-might-lose, you being- victorious;

confirmatum
confirmed

a
by
suis

te,
you,

confido
I-trust

etiam
(that they)
also

tradituros esse
will-transmit
(it)

posteris.
posterity.

Hi
These

regii
royal

legati
ambassadors

to-their

tradunt
surrender

tibi to-you

sua
their

corpora,
persons,

pro
for

salute
the safety

suorum
of-theii

regum
Kings
;

Hieras et Blesamius,
(these ambassadors are)

Hieras

and

Blesamius,

et and

Antigonus,
Antigonus,

jamdiu
long-since

noti known

tibi to-you

que nobis omnibus,

and
fide
us
all,

que Dorylaus praeditus

and
Dorylaus

endowed

et virtute, with-the-same good-faith and virtue,

eadem
ad
to

qui
who

nuper
lately

missus est
has-been-sent

te legatus you as-an-ambassador

cum
with

Hiera,
Hiera,

quum
when
(as

amicissimi
they were ambassadors)
of-the-most-friendly

regum, turn etiam, ut spero,

&f-kings,

probati

tibi.

Kxquire
Inquire

so

also,

as

I-hope,

approved-of by-you.

de Blesamio,
*t

numquid
if-ever

scripserit
he-wrote

ad regem
to

oontra
againsi

Blesamius,

the king

; ; ;

408

ORATIO PRO REGE DEIOTARO.

dignitatem
dignity.

tuam
your

Hieras
Hieras

quidem
indeed
illis
(as respects) those

suscipit
takes-on-hitnself

omnem
the entire

causam,
cause
(of the king),

et and

criminibus
charges

supponit
(against Deiotarus)
he-substitutes

se

reum

pro

rege
the king;

himself as defendant for

implorat
implores
(the aid of)
;

tuam
your

memoriam,
memory, se

qui
in-which

vales
you-excel

plurimum
so-much;

negat
in
in

unquam
ever

decessisse

pedem

he-denies (that) he

stepped

a
from

te, you, (while)

tetrarchia
the tetrarchy

Deiotari;
of-Deiotarus;

dicit,
he-says, (that)

6e fuisse praesto
he

was

present

tibi in to-you on

primis finibus,
the
first

frontier, [that

he met you,

que prosecutum usque

on your
first

entrance into the country,]

and

followed-you

even

ad ultimos
to

the last (frontiers)

[and accompanied you,

te,
you,

till

you

left

the country;]

(that)

se fuisse he was

cum
with

quum

exisses balneo e when you-came-out from the-bath;

quum
(also

coenatus
having-supped

inspexisses
you inspected

ilia
those

he was with you)

when
in
in

munera,
presents,

quum
(and)

eubiculo
your-chanaber,

recubuisses
you-had-lain-down;

when

que
and
tibi.
to-you.

postridie
(that) the-next-day

se praebuisse had-shown he
si
if

eandem assiduitatem
the

same

attention

Quamobrem,
Wherefore,

quid
any

eorum
of-those (charges)

quae
which

objecta sunt,
have-been-brought-against
(Deiotarus)

cogitatum
quin
but-that

sit,

may-have-been-thought-of,

non
'he-does not

recusat,
'refuse,

judices
you-judge

id
it

suum
(to be)

his

facinus.
crime.

Quocirca, C. Caesar, velim

Therefore,
C. Caesar,

existimes,

I-wish you-may-consider, (that)

hodierno
to-day,

die,

tuam sententiam importaturam

your
sentence
will-

esse
(these)

bring-on

regibus
kings

aut
either

miserrimam
the-most-miserablo

pestem,
ruin,

cum
with

summo
the greatest

ORATIO PRO REGE DEIOTARO.

dedecore,
aut
::

409

incclumem
uniijurii

famam.
:^_r.

cum
with

salute,
safety,

ram alterum

est
is
:

crudeliratis illorum
i e pa::;
c
:
:

of- w n ich the-first-sentenee

- :

ae-

ue

".

o f- : a o s e

optari.
(accusers of Deiotarc*)
to-wish-for,

alterum
the cth^r
(if

tuae
the part) of-joui

dementias conservare.

So

ORATIO

TEE ORATION
M. TULLE CICEROSIS, OF M. TULLIUS CICERO,
PRO

FOE

AXXJO MILOXE. T A XX IV S 31IL0.

T.

1.

Etsi
Although

vereor,

judices. ne

sit

lam

apprehensive,

judges, lest it-may (be considered)

turpe,
shameful,

incipientem
'm one)
beginning

dicere
to-speak

pro
for

fortissimo
a verv-

viro, man,

rimere,
lo-show"fear,

que
and
1

minime
it-is

decet,
'becoming,

quum
when
salute

in-no-wav

T. Annius
T.

ipse
himseif
l

magis
i?

perturbatur
'disturbed

Annius

more

for-the-safety

reipublica?.
of-the-reput

quam
than

de
for

sua,
his-own,
(that)

rue
I

posse
can

non
not

affere
bring

ad ejus causam parem magnitudinem

to

his

cause

equal

greatness

(and

command)
jndieii
of- trial

animi,
of-mind,

tamen
however

haec
this

nova forma
new
qui,
whieh,

novi

form

of-an-unusual (kind)

terret
terrifies

oculos,
(my)
eyes,

quocunque
wherever
fori,
::-:_:-:..

ineidnnt
they-falJ

requirunt
require
[miss]

consuetudinem
the usual-customs

et

pristinum
uirieaj

morem
form (and usage)

judieiorum.
of-tribunals.

Enim
For

vester consessus
vour
session,
[*eat*,]

(410)

0RATI0 PRO

T.

AXXIO MILONE.
corona,
by-a-circle
(of citizens),

411
ut
aa

non
fO judges),

cinctus est
Surrounded

Ms not

solebat
It-used-to-be
;

non
(and) 'we-are not

stipati

sumus
praesidia
guards

usitata
by-the-usual

'densely-environed
ilia

frequentia
crowd
(of hearers)
;

nee
nor

those

(of soldiers)

quce
which

cernitis
you-see

pro
before

omnibus
all

templis,
the temples,

etsi although

collocata sunt
they-are-stationed-there

contra
against

vim,
violence,

tamen
yet

non
l

afferunt
:

aliquid
any

oratori,

ut

they-do

not

bring

(encouragement) to-the-speaker. as

in
(the people)

foro

in the

et forum and

in
in

judicio;
the eour-ts-of-justice

quamquam
although

6epti

sumus

salutaribus
by-salutary

et

necessaris
necessary

praesidiis,
guards,

we-are-surrounded

and

tamen quidem
yet

possimus
we-can

ne non
not

timere
fear

sine
without

aliquo
some
si

indeed

timore.
fear.

Quie
[We cannot
divest ourselves of all fear.]

Which

(things)

if

putarem
I-thought
(that)

opposita
they-were-opposed

Miloni,
to-Milo,

cederem
I-would-give-way

tempori,
to-the-times,

judices, nee existimarem

judges,

esse
(that) there-was

locum
place

nor

would-I-deem

orationi
for-an-oration

inter

tantam
so-great

vim
a force

armorum.
of-arms.

Sed
But

among

consilium
viri
ma-Q

Cn. Pompeii sapientissimi

Pompey
me,
a most-wise

et justissimi

the prudent-counsels of-Cn.

and

just

recreat
encourages

et and

reficlt
reassures

me. qui profecto

who
certainly

nee
'would
not

putaret
x

suae
(it

justitke,
justice,

quera
(that the persons)

think

a part)

of-his

whom

tradidisset

reum
(to receive)

sententiis

judicum,

he-had-given-over as-a-defendant

the sentence of-the-judges,

dedere
(that)

eundem
the same-person

they-had-surrendered

telia to-the-weapona

militum;
*f-the-soldiers

nee
nor
(a part

sapientiae,
'of
(his)

armare
to-arro

'wisdom,

412

ORATIO PRO

T.

ANNIO MILONE.

publico, auctoritate, temeritatem concitatae multitudinis.

with-publis
authority,

the rashness

of-an-excited

multitude.

Quamobrem
Wherefcre

ilia
those

arma,
arms,
(those)

centuriones,
centurions,
(those)

cohortes
cohorts

noil
*do

denuntiant perieulum, sed presidium nobis,

'announce
danger,

not

but

protection

to-us,

neque
nor

solum
Mo-they
alone

bortantur
'exhort
(us)

ut
that

simus
we-should-be

quieto,

sed

etiam
also

ut

magno

in-a-calni (&tate of mind), but

that (we should be) in-a-great

ammo;
(state of )

neque
nor

modo
Mo-they
only

pollicentur
'promise

mind [courageous];
niese to-my

auxilium
assistance

defensioni,
defence,

verum etiam
but
also

silentium.
silence.

Vero
But

reliqua
the remaining

multitudo,
multitude,

quae
which

quidem
indeed

est
is

(composed)

civium,
of-citizens,

est
is

tota
altogether

nostra
ours,

(and favourable to our cause)

neque
neither

quisquam
any-one

eorum,
of-those,

quos whom

videtis
you-see

intuentes
looking-on

undique,

unde aliqua pars

any

fori

potest adspici,
be-seen,

from-every-place, whence

part of-the-forum can

et expectantes exitum bujus judicii, quttn trial, when 'he-does the issue of-this waiting and

non
not

favet
(only as

virtuti
the virtue

Milonis,
of-Milo,

turn
as-that

putat
he-thinks

much)

'favour

decertari
it-to-be-contended

bodierno
to-day,

die,

de
concerning

se,

de de

suis
his

himself, concerning

liberis,
children,

de
concerning
(his)

patriae,
country,

(and) concerning (his cwn)

fortunis.
fortunes.

2.

Unum
One

genus est adversum, que infestuni nobis

eJass
is

adverse,

and

hostile

to-us

eorum,
of-those-people,

quos whom

furor

P. Clodii
Clodius

pavit

rapinis,

et

the fury of-P.

has-fed by-rapine, and

;

incendiis

et

omnibus
by-all

publicis
public

exitiis

conflagrations and

disasters;

qui who

etiam
even

0RATI0 PRO
tiisterna
by-yesterday's

T.

AffNIO MILONE.
ut

413
prseirent

concione
harangue

incitati sunt,
were-incited,

that they-sl culd-dictate

vobis

voce,
forte

quid
what
fuerit

judicaretis.
you-were-to-decide.

Clamor
The shouts

to-you 'by (their) l elainour,

quorum,
vos, ut
you,
that

si

f-these-nien, if

perchance there-should-be any,

qui, debebit admorere ought to-admonish

retineatis
you-should-retain

eum
him

civem,
a citizen,
(in

the country, by a

sentence of acquittal),

qui who
(their)

semper
always

neglexit
neglected

illud
that

genus
class

hominum, que
of-raen,

maximos
very -great

ciamores,
outcries,

pro
for

vestrS
your

and

salute.
safety.

Quamobrem
Wherefore

adeste
be-present

animis,
in

mind
si
if

[be of good courage],

judices,
judges,

et and

deponite
lay-aside
(all)

timorem,
fear,

habetis
you-have

quern.
any.

Nam
For
power]
viris,

si
if

unquam
ever

pot est as fuit vobis

the power

was

to-you

[if

you ever had the

judicandi
of-judicially-deciding
si
if

de
concerning

bonis et
good

fortibus
brave

and

unquam
ever
si

de

civibus

meritis bene,
well

men,

concerning citizens (who have) deserved

denique
in-fine

unquam
ever

locus
an opportunity

datus est
was-given

(of their country),

if

delectis viris
to-chosen

amplissimorum
of-the-most-illustrious

ordinum,
orders
(_in

ut
the state), that

men

declararent

re

et
I

sententiis,

they-declare (and show) by-the-affais.-itself, and by(their)Votes-as-judges,

sua
their

studia
good-will

erga
towards

fortes
brave

et and

bonos
good

cives,
citizens,

quae
which

saepe
they-have
often

significassent
'signified
J

vultu
by
(their)

'countenance

et and

rerbis,
irords,

vos
you

profecto
certainly

hoc
at-this

tempore
time

habetis
have

omnem
aU

earn potestatem,
lhat

ut
that

statuatis,
you-may-determine,

utrum nos, qui

whether
we,

power,

who

semper
v

dediti fuimus
'been-devoted

vestrse
to-your

auctoritati,
authority
'aref

have

always

414
miseri.

ORATIO PRO

T.

ANNIO MILONE.
an,
or,
x

semper lugeamus,
'to-mourn,

dm
having
for-a-long-um

miserable-men, always

vexati
'been-harassed

a
by

perditissimis
most-abandoned

civibus,
citizens,

aliquando
at-lengfrh

recreemur
we-may-be-restored-to (our former state of safety)

per vos, ac per

by
you,

and

by

vestram
your

fidem,
good-faith,

virtutem
virtue

que
and

sapientiam,
wisdom.

Enim
For

judices, laboriosius, quid quid, what (condition), judges, more-harassing, what

magis
more

sollicitum,
vexatious

magis
more

exercitum,
trying,

potest
can

dici
be-said

aut
or

fingi, imagined,

nobis
for-us

duobus, qui adducti

two,

ad rempublicam,
(to

who

induced

devote ourselves)

to

the republic,

spe
by-the-hope

amplissimorum prsemiorum, possumus non

of-most-honourable
rewards,

can

not
?

carere
be-free-from

metu
the fear

crudelissimorum
of-the-most-cruel

suppliciorum

punishments?

Equidem
Indeed
*I

semper putavi
always
illis

tempestates et procellas,
the storms

'thought (that)

and

tempests,

duntaxat in
at-least
in

fiuctibus
agitations

coneionum
(and tumults) of-public-assemblies

those

subeundas esse
pro bonis
of

Miloni, quia
x

semper

senserat
*was-in -favour

were-to-be-encountered (by) Milo,

because he always
;

contra
against

improbos
the bad

vero in judicio, et in
but
in

the good

a court,

and

in

eo
Buch

consilio,
a council,

in
in

amplissimi viri quo which the-most-honourable men

men

ex
(selected)

from

cunetis ordinibus
BH
the orders (of

judicarent,
in the state, sit as judges send)

decide,

nunquam
*I-have

existimavi,
Hhought,
(that)

inimicos
the enemies

Milonis
of-Milo

never

habituros esse
would-have

ullam
any

spem ad exstinguendam, non

hope
to

destroy,

not

modo
nly
(his)

salutem,
safety,

sed
but

etiam
even
(to)

infringendam
weaken
(or diminish

gloriam,
m)
glory,

per
by

tales
such

viros mer

Quanquam
Although

in
in

hac
this

OKATIO PRO
causa,
fause,

T.

ANNIO MILONE.
abutenrur
'misuse

415
T.

judices,
judges,

non
'we-wiU
not

tribunatu

the tribuneship of-T.

Annii,
Annius,

que
and

omnibus
all

rebus
(his)

gestis
performed

pro
for

salute
the safety

deeds

reipublicce,
of-the-repubiie,

ad
for

defensionem
(the purpose of)

hujus
(in)

defence

this

crirninis.
accusation.

Xisi
factas

videritis

oculis,
(that)

Unless you-may-have-seen 'with "your own) 'eyes,

insidias

ambuscades were-laid

a by

Clodio
Clodius (against)

Miloni, nee depreMilo,

f

nor shall-we-

caturi suruus,
entreat

ut
(you), that

condonetis
you-pardou

nobis
us

hoc
this

crimen,
crime,

propter

mult a prseclara merita

many
eminent
ut.
of you), that,

in
for

rempublicam
the republic j

on-account-of (our)

services
si
if

nec
nor

postulating
shall-we-request

mors

P. Clodii fuerit
was
rirtuti
to-the-courage

the death of-P. Clodius

vestra sains,
your
safety,

idcirco

assignetis

earn
it

that- therefore you-shonld-attribute

Milonis, potius
of
"Mil o,

quam
than

felicitati

Romani

populi.
people.

rather

to-the-good-fortune of-the-Roman

Sin
But-if

illius
his

[Clodius's]

insidiie ambuscades

fuerint
wiii-be (made)

clariores
clearer

(than)

hac
this

luce,

turn denique
in-fine

obsecrabo que obtestabor

I-entreat

light (of day), then

and

supplicate

vos,
you,

judices,
judges,
(that)

si
if

amisimus
we-have-lost
(all)

cetera,
the rest,

ut
that

saltern
at-ieast

hoc
this

relinquatur
may-be-left

nobis,
to-us,

ut

lie eat

defenders
to-defend

that it-may-be-aiiowed (us)

impune
vvith-impunity
(our)

vitam
life

ab
from

audacia
the audacity

que
and

telis

weapons

inimicornm.
of-our-enemies.

3.

Sed antequam venio ad earn

But
before

orationem,
the speech,

I-come

to

that (part of)

quse est propria vestrae quiestionis,

Irhich
ia

properly

your

inquiry,

(and which especially

ea
belongs to this
trial),

videntur,
seem,

refutanda esse,
to-be-refute^

those-things

(necessary]

416
quae
which
x

0RATI0 PRO

T.

ANHTO MILONE.
in
in

saepe jactata sunt et have often 'been-brought-forth both

et and

senatu
the senate

ab
by (om)

inimicis,
enemies,

in

concione

ab
by

improbis,
bad-men,
ut,
so-that,

in the assembly-of-the-people

et and

paulo
a
little

ante
before
(this)

ab
by
(our)

accusatoribus,
accusers,

omni
all

errore
error

sublato,
being-removed,

possitis you-may

plane
plainly

videre
see

rem

quae

the affair which

veniat

in nay-come on

judicium.
trial,

Negant
They-deny

esse

fas

that-it-is right

intueri ei for-him to-see

lucem,
the light,

qui who

fateatur
confesses
(that)

hominem
a

occissum esse
has-been-killed

a
by

man

se. him.

In
In

qua
what

urbe
city

tandem
then

stultissimi

homines
men

Mo
in

most-foolish

disputant
'dispute

hoc

?
?

Nempe
Namely

ea,

quae
which

primum
first

about-this

in that-city,

vidit
saw

judicium
a
trial

de
for

capite
life

M
(namely that)
of-M.

Horatii,
Horatius,

fortissimi
a most-brave

viri,

man,

qui, who,

civitate
the city

nondum
'being

libera,
'free,

not-yet

tamen
(but under the kingly government,) yet

liberatus est

comitiis

was-acquitted by-the-comitia

Romani

populi,

quum
although

fateretur
he-confessed
(that his)

sororem
sister

of-the-Roman people,

interfectam esse
was-killed

sua
by-his-own

manu.
hand.

An
Or

est
is-there

quisquam,
any-one,

ignoret qui who may-be-ignorant

hoc,
of-this,

qu#ai
when

quaeratur
inquiry-is-made

de
concerning

nomine
a

occiso,
(who has been)
slain,

aut
either

solere

negari

man,

it-is-usual for -it-to-be-denied

omninft

factum

esse,

aut
or

defendi
for-it-to-be-defended (because)

altogether (that) it-has-been-done,

factum esse recte

it-was-done
rightly

et jure ? and lawfully?

Nisi

vero

existimatis
you-think

Unless indeed

P. Africanum
(that)

P.

Africanus

fuisse was

dement em,
out-of-his-mind,

qui,
who,

quum
when

interrogaretur
Bfc-was-asked

in
in

concione,

C. Carbone,
C.

an assembly-of-the-people, by

Carbo,

ORATIO PRO
tribuno
a tribune

T.

ANNIO MILONE.
quid

417

plebis
of-the-people

seditiose,
in-a-factious-manner,

sentiret what he-thought

de
of

morte
the death

T. Gracchi,
of-T.

respondent
replied

videri

Gracchus,

(that) he-seemed-to-be

jure
rightly

caesum.
killed.

Enim
For

neque
neither

posset
could

ille
that (distinguished)

Servilius
Servilius

Ahala aut P. Nasica, aut L. Opinius, aut

Ahala
or

P.

Nasica,

or

L.

Opinius,

or

C.
C.

Marius,
Marius,

aut,
or,

me
I
(being)

consule,
consul,

senatus
the senate
(itself)

haberi
sceleratos
criminal

non
cives
citizens

nefarius,
wicked,

si
if

esset
it-was

nefas
unlawful
(that)

be-considered (as) not

interfici.
be-put-to-death.

Itaque, judices,
Therefore,

non
not

judges,

sine

without reason

causa doctissimi homines prodiderunt memorise most-learned men have-transmitted to-memory

fictis
in-fabulous

hoc,
this,

etiam
even

fabulis,
stories,

eum,
(that)

he,

qui who

necavisset
had-killed

matrem
(his)

causa
fcr-the-purpose

ulciscendi

patris,
(death),

mother

of-avenging (his) father's

sententiis
the opinions

hominum
of-men

variatis,

libe

(who were

his judges)

being-divided, he-was-

ratum,
acquitted,

non
not

solum
only

divina
by-divine

sententia,
opinion,

sed
but
si
if

etiam
even

sapientissimse deae.

Quod

(by that) of-the-most-wise goddess [Minerva]. Because

(the laws of

duodecim
the twelve

tabulae
tables

voluerunt
allowed

nocturnum
a nocturnal

furem
robber

interfici

impune
si
(only)
if

quoquo modo, autem

in-any

to-be-killed with-impunity

manner,

but (one who robbed)

diurnum,
in-the-day-time,

defenderet
he-defended

se

telo

;
-,

himself with-tt- weapon

qui3 who
sit,

est,
is-there,

qui who

quoquo
in-whatever

modo
manner

quis
any-one

int^fectum

may-be-killed,

putet
may-cG nsider

puniendum,
that-he-ought-to-be-punished,

quum
when

videat
ke-*ees

(tha^

418

0RATI0 PRO

T.

ANNXO MILONE.
ipsis

aliquando gladium porrigi nobis ab legibus

sometimes
a sword
is-presented to-us

by

the laws themselves

ad occidendum hominem.
to
kill

a man.
si
if

4.

Atqui
But

est
there-is

ullum tempus
any
time
(or

occasion,

that)

hominis man
certe
certainly

necandi
might-be-killed

jure,
with-right, (and)

quae
which

sunt
are

multa,
many,

illud
that

est
is

non
not

modo
only

justum,
just,

verum
but

etiam
also

necessarium,
necessary,

quum
when

illata
offered

vis
violence

defenditur
is-resisted

vi. by-violence

Quum
When
a relation

militaris
a military

tribunus, in exercitu C. Marii, tribune, in the army of-C. Marius,

(and)

propinquus

ejus
of-that

imperatoris,
commander,

eriperet
attempted
a]}

pudicitiam
violence

militi,
fon the person, of) a soldier,

interfectus est
he-was-killed

eo
him
(the soldier)

by

afferebat eui to-whom he-offered

vim.
violence.

Enim
For

probus
the virtuous

adolescens
youth

maluit
ehose-rather

facere
to-act

periculose,
dangerously,

quam
than

perpeti
suffer

turpiter.
shamefully

Atque
[he preferred incurring danger, to dishonour].

ille that

summus
illustrious

And

vir

liberavit hunc, solutum

(Marius) delivered

scelere,
from-crime,

periculo.
from-danger.

man
But

him,

absolved

Vero

quse
what

injusta
unjust

nex potest
death

inferri
be-inflicted

insidiaton,
on-the-waylayer

can

et latroni? and robber?

Quid
What
gladii
swords
'do

nostri
our

comitatus,
escorts

(on a journey),

quid
what
(do our)

volunt?
'inean
?

quos
which

eerte

non
liceret
'allowed

certainly Mt- would not

liceret
'be-allowed
(us)

habere,
to-have,

si
if

nullo
Ht-were
in-no

pacto
manner

uti.
fco-use

Igitur,
(them)
Therefore,

judices,
judges,

hsec
this

est
is

non
not

scripta
a written

lex,
law,

sed
but

nata,
a natural-law,

quam
which
l

non
we-have
not

didicimus,
learned,

ORATIO PRO
accepimus,
received

T.

ANNIO MILONE.

419
arripuimus,
have-taken,

legimus,
(by tradition, or)
read,

verum
but

hausimus,
imbibed
(and)

expressimus
extracted
(it)

ex
from

natura
nature

ipsa,
herself,

ad
(in)

quam
non
not

non docti, which Ve-were not instructed,

instituti

sed sed

facti, but (for which) we-were-made, we-are

l

sumus,
(it),

imbuti
are-imbued (with
it),

ut
so-that,

si
if

'taught

but

nostra vita
our
life

incidisset

in

aliquas
any

insidias,
snares,

si
if

in
(by)

should-be-endangered (by)

vim,
violence,

et and

in
(by)

tela the weapons

aut
either

latronum
of-robbers

aut
of

inimicorum,
of-enemies,

omnis
every

ratio means

salutis expediendae
of-saving-life

esset
would-be

honesta.
honourable.

Enim
For

leges

silent

the laws are silent, (and inoperative, in contests)

inter
with

arma,
arms
(in hand),

nee
nor
(do the laws)

jubent
command

se
(that) they

exspectari,
be-waited-for,

quum

qui velit ei exspectare when on-him who might- wish to-wait (for
injusta

the ensit,

poena
punishment

luenda

forcement of the laws)

an unjust

might-be-inflicted,

ante
before

quam
that

justa

repetenda.
by him).
[A

a just-one might-be-demanded, (or obtained

great calamity, or even death, might be inflicted, before the law could be

Etsi
enforced.]

lex

ipsa persapienter,
itself

Although the law

very-wisely,

et and

quodamin-some-

modo
measure

tacite
tacitly

dat
gives

potestatem defendendi,
the power
of-defending,

quae
which (does)

non
not
(allow, that)

hominem
a

oceidi,
be-killed,

sed
but

vetat

esse

man

forbids (any one) to-be

cum
ut,

telo

causa
causa,
s

with a weapon [to have a weapon] for-the-purpose of-killing

occidendi hominis a man

quum
as

non
telo,
of-a-weapon,

telum
the

so-that,

the cause (of carrying a weapon), not

weapon

(itself

quseretur,
b-in^uired-into,

qui
he-wbo

esset usus
made-use

caus&
for-the-purpos*

420
defendendi
f-defending

ORATIO PRO
sui,
himself,

T.

ANNIO MILONE.
habuisse
to-have-had

judicaretur
would-be-judged

telum
the weapon

non
not

causa,
for-the-purpose

occidendi
of-killing

hominis.
a man.

Quapropter,
Wherefore,

judices,
judges,
'let

hoc maneat in causa

this

'remain

in

the cause [letrthis be an established

enim
principle in
this

non
'I-do

dubito,
'doubt,

quin
that

cause]

for

not

probaturus sim
I-shall-prove

meam
(and make good)
id,
that,

defensionem
defence

vobis,

my
you-can

before-you,

si
if

memineritis
you-remember

quod
which

potestis

non

oblivisci

not have-forgotten

insidiatorem
(that)

a waylayer

(and plotter against one's

life)

posse interfici may be-slain

jure.
lawfully.

5.

Sequitur
There-follows

illud,
that,

quod
[the next thing
is],

ssepissime
'is

which

vepy-often

dicitur
l

asserted

a(b) inimicis Milonis, of-Milo, by the enemies

senatum judicasse
(that) the senate

had-judged

csedem
(that)

in
in

qua
which

P. Clodius
P.

occisus est,
was-killed,

the slaughter

Clodius

factam esse contra rempublicam. Vero illam

was-done
against
the republic.

But

that

(act of Milo)

senatus
the senate

comprobavit, non solum suis

approved, not only
by-their

sententis,
votes,

sed
but

etiam
also

studiis.
'zeal
(in his favour).

Enim
For

'by (their)

quoties ilia how-often 'has that

causa
cause

acta est
been-pleaded

a
by

nobis
us

in
in

senatu?
the senate
?

quibus
with-what

assensionibus

universi

ordinis

ttssenting-approbations of-the- whole

? order (of the senate) ? (and) that

quam

nec

tacitis,

nee occultis
nor

Enim quando
For

frequenin-a-very-

neither silent,

concealed?

when

tissimo
full

senatu
senate
(only)

quatuor,
four,

aut
or

summum
at-most
the cause

quinque,
five,

inventi sunt,
were-found,

qui who

non probarent causam

5

Milonis,,
qf-Milo.

did

not

'approve

ORATIO PRO
Hire intermortuae
lifeless

T.

ASJSCIO

MILOXE.
ambusti
scorched

421
tribuni
tribune

condones
harangues

hujus
of-that

plebis

declarant,
show
(that),

quibus
invidiose
invidiously

meam
my

potentiam

of-the-people

in-which (harangues)

quotidie
(and influence)
Ms daily

crirninabatur.
^ound-fault-with,

quum
vrhen

diceret,
he-says,
(that)

senatuni decernere non quod

the senate

sentiret,

decrees

not

what it-might-think

sed
but

quod
what

ego
I

vellem.
might-wish.

Que
Which

quidem
indeed

si
if

appellanda est
it-is-to-be-called

potentia
power

potius,
rather

quam
than

mediocris
a moderate

auctoritas,
authority
(or influence),

aut
in bonis good in

propter
causis,
causes,

magna
great

merit a
services (done)

either on-account-of

in
for

rempublicam
the republic

aut nonnulla gratia

or

some

favour

apud
(and credit)

bonos,

propter
sane
well-then

hos meos cfnciosas

among

the good, on-account-of these

;

my

serviceable

labores
(and obliging)
labours

appelletur
let-it-be-called

ita,
so,

dummodo
provided

nos
we

utamur
use

ea
it

pro
for

salute
the-safety

bonorum
of-the-good

contra
against

amentiam
the madness

perditorum.i^Vero
of-the-wicked.

But

etsi est although it-is

non
not

iniqua,
an unjust (investigation),

tamen
yet

senatus
the senate

nunquam
never

putavit
thought

hanc
(that)

quaestionem
investigation

constituendam.
ought-to-be-instituted.

Enirn
For

that

erant
there-were

leges,
laws,

erant
there-were

questiones,
inquisitions,

vel
either

de
concerning

cede,
murder,

vel
or

vi ; de concerning violence;

nee

mors

P, Clodii
ut

nor Mid the death of-P. Clodiu?*

afferebat
'bring

tantum mcerorem ac luctum

such-great
grief

senatui,

and mourning to-the-senate, that

nova
a

questio
(and particular) inquisition

constitueretur,should-be-instituted

new

(by them).

Enim
For

pGtestas
the

decernendi judicium
of-ordering

(when)

power

trial

illo de concerning that

36

422
incesto
sacrilegious

ORATIO PRO
stnpro cujus
crime
of-his

T.

ANNIO MILONE.
erepta esset
senatu;
,

[Clodius]

was-taken

(from) the-senatt

quis who

potest
can

credere,
believe,
(that)

senatum
the-senate

putasse
had-thought-of

constituendum novum
constituting

judicium,
special)
trial,

de
concerning

ejus
his

new (and

interitu?
leath
?

Cur Why

igitur
therefore

senatus
*has the senate

decrevit,
'decreed,
(that)

incendium
the burning

curiae,
of-the-senate-house,

oppugnationem
the attack

sedium
on-the-house

M.

Lepidi,

hane ipsam caedem factum esse contra

same
murder
vis,

of-M. Lepidus, (and) this

was-done

against

rempublicam
the republic
?

Quia
Because

nulla
no

in libera civitate,
a free
state,

violence, in

unquam
x

suscepta est
'occurred
'*

has

ever

inter among
ilia
that

cives,
citizens, (that is)

non contra
not
against

rempublicam.
the republic.

Enim
For

defensio
defence

contra
against

vim
violence

est
is

non
not

unquam
ever

optanda,
to-be-desired,

sed
but

nonnunquam
sometimes
ille

est
it-is

necessaria.
necessary.

Nisi
Unless

vero
indeed

aut
either

dies,
day,

quo
on-which

that

T. Gracchus
T.

csesus est,
was
slain,

aut
or

ille

quo

Caius,
Caius was,

aut
or

Gracchus

that on-which

arma
the arms

Saturnini,
of-Saturninus,

etiamsi oppressa sunt

although
repressed

e
on-the-part-of

republica,
the republic,

tamen
yet

non vulnerarunt
Hhey-have not

wounded

(or injured)

rempublicam.
the republic.

6.

Itaque
Therefore

ego
I

ipse
myself

decrevi,
voted,

quum
when

constaret
it-* as-evident

csedem
(that)

factam esse in
was-committed on

Appia,
the Appian (way), ^Jhal)

non
not

the murder

eum,
be,

qui who
;

defendisset
had-defended

se,
himself,

fecisse
acted

contra
against

rempublicam
th* republic

sed f
but,

quum
as

inessent
there were

in&Hiae
sas-'s

et
an<J

0RATI0 PRO
vis
violence

T.

ANNIO MILONE.
crimen judicio,
the guilt
for-trial,

423
notavi
I-admitted

in

re,

reservavi
I-reserved
si
if

in the-affair,

rem.
the deed.

Quod
Because

licuisset,
it-had-been-allowed,

per ilium furiosum

by
that
furious

tribunum,
tribune,

senatui
to-the-senate

perficere
to-perfect

quod
what

sentiebat,
it- thought,

haberemus
we-should-have-had

nullam
no

novam
new

quaestionem.
inquisition.

Enim
For

decernebat, ut
it-deoreed,

quaereretur

veteribus
according-to-old

that (the affair) should-be-investigated

legibus,
(and established)
laws,

tantummodo
only

extra
out-of
(the usual)

ordinem.
order.

Sententia
The proposition
(or resolve)

divisa est,
was-divided,

nescio
I-know-not

quo
by-whom
(it

postulante;
was)

enim
(to

est
it-is

nihil
not

moved

do so)

for

necesse
necessary

me
for-me

proferre
to-bring-forward

flagitia the infamy

omnium.
of-all.

Sic
So

reliqua
the remaining

auctoritas
authority

senatus
of-the-senate (to act on the entire proposition)

sublata est, was-taken-away,

/-'

empta;
by-the-bought

intercessione.
veto
(of a tribune).

(Oh)-

At enim Cn. Pompeius sua

but

rogatione
bringing-a-law before-the-people

indeed

Cn.

Pompey
et

by-his

judicavit,

de de

re,
fact,

pronounced-judgment, both concerning the

et de causa ; and the cause;

enim
for

tulit

csede,

quae

facta esset
occisus est.
was-slain.

he-brought-forward (a law) concerning the murder, which was-committed

in
on

Appia
the Appian

via, way,

in
in

qua
which

P. Clodius
P. Clodius

Quid
What

ergo
therefore

tulit?
did-he-bring-forward
?

Nempe
Namely

ut
that

qusereretur.
it-should-be-investigated.

Porro
But

quid
what

qugerendum est?
is-to-be-inquired-into?

Ne

factum sit? Whether was it-done?

At
But
Tthat)

constat.
is-evident.

A
By
in
in

quo?

At
that

whom? But

paret. Is mmifest

Igitur
*He therefore

vidit
saw

etiam
even

confessione
the confession

424
facti,
of-the-fact,

ORATIO PRO

T.

ANNIO MILONE.
juris
of-the-right

tamen
(that)

defensionem
a defence

po&se
could

yet

suscipi.
be-main tained.

Quod
qui
who

nisi

Because unless

videsset, he [Pompey] might-have-perceived,

eum,
fthat)

fateretur,
confessed,

posse
might

absolvi,
be-acquitted,

quura
when
jussisset

he,

videret
he-saw
(that)

nos
we
quseri,

fateri,
confessed,

neque
neither

unquam

would-he ever have-ordered

nee
nor

dedisset
would-he-have-given

vobis hanc tarn

you
that
so

(the affair) to-be-tried,

salutarem literam
salutary

in

judicando,
pronouncing-judgment,

quam
as

letter (of acquittal) in

illam
(likewise)

tristem.
sad-one
(of condemnation).

Cn. Pompeius
Cn.

that

Pompey
nihil
nothing

videtur
seems

vero
indeed

mihi,
to-me,

non modo
not
only

judicasse
to-have-adjudged

gravius
unfavourable

contra Milonem, sed etiam

against
Milo,

statuisse,
to-have-ordained,

nor

even

quid
what

oporteret
it-might-be-proper
(that)

vos
you

spectare
should-look-to

in
in

judicando.
forming (your) judgment.

Nam,
For,

qui
he-who
(did)

non
not
(inflict)

poenam
punishment
(after)

confessioni, sed dedit

confession,

but

gave (the cause for

trial

and)

defensionem,
defence,

is
'he
(certainly)

putavit,
'thought,
(that)

causam
the cause

interitus
of-the-death

quserendam,
was-to-be-inquired-into,

non
not

interitum.
the death
(itself).

Jam
Now
fecit
he-did

ipse
he-himself

profecto
'will certainly

dicet
Hell
(us)

illud,
that,

ne
whether

quod
what

sua
(of)

sponte,
accord,

putarit
he-might think, ought

tribuendum
to-be-attributed

his-own

Publio Clodio, an
to-Publius Clodius,
or

tempori.
to-the-times.

7.

Nobilissimus
at que and

vir

suae
of-his

domse,
family,

propugnator
the-defen^r

The-most-illustrious

man

aenatus,
of-the-seuate,

quidem
indeed

illis

tempori bus,
times,

psene
almosi

in-those

PRO

T.

ANNIO MILONE.
hujus
of-this

425
judicis,
judge

rOHATIO
pati onus,
the j-dtron
(thereof),

avunculus
the uncle

nostri
our

fortissimi
ihe nost-brave

viri

M.

man
was-killed.

Catonis, M. Cato,

M. Drusus
M. Drusus
nihil
'were not

tribunus
a tribune

plebis
*f- the -people

occisus est.
ejus
his

Populus
The people

consultus
'consulted

de
senatu.
the eenate.

morte,
death,

nulla
no

quaestio
inquisition

decreta est
was decreed

a
by

concerning

Quantum luctum
What

fuisse mourning was-there

in
in

hac urbe,
this
city,

(as)

accepimus
sve-have-heard

a
from

nostris patribus,
our
fathers,

quum
when

ilia
that

nocturna
nocturnal

illata esset P. Africano, vis \ violence was-offered to-P. Africanus, [when he was

quiescenti
killed]

reposing

suae
in-his

domi

house?

quis who

non
'did not

turn
then

gemuit
'groan?

quis who

non
x

did not

arsit burn

dolore,
with
grief,

quern whom
posset
it-could

omnes
all

cuperent
desired

esse
to-be

immortalem,
immortal,

si
if

fieri,
be- so, (that)

ejus
his

mortem
death
?

esse
was

ne
not

quidem
indeed

necessarian!
a necessary
(and)

exspectatam
expected

(one)

Num
[That his death was not even a natural one?]

Whether

'there-was

igitur
therefore

ulla my
?

quaestio
inquiry

lata est, 'brought-forward,

;

de
concerning

morte
the death

Africani

Certe
Certainly

nulla
none;

of- Africanus ?

quid why

ita ?
so?

Quia
Because

clari
illustrious

homines
men
obscuri
obscure-men
*are

non
not

necantur
'killed

alio by-one

facinore,
crime,

(and)

alio
by-another. [The crime
is

the same, in killing an illustrious

Intersit
man, as
in killing

an obscure one.]

Grant (that) the.re-may-be-a-differenco

vitas

inter
in

dignitatem
the dignity
;

summorum
of-the-highest

atque
and

(and worth)

of-iife

infimorum
f-tbe-lowest

quidera
indeed

mors
death

illata
inflicted

per
by

scelus
crimt

36*

426
teneatur
is-held

ORATIO PRG
et
(amenable)
both

T.

ANNIO MILONB.
iisdem
to-the-sam

poenis
punishments
erit
it-were

et and

legibus.
laws
(for all classes of

Nisi
men),
si
if

forte

magis
a greater

Unless perchance

parricida,
parricide,

qui necaverit consularem p&trera,

one
should-kill

[crime,]

a consular

father,

quam
than

si
if

quis
one
(should
kill)

humilem,
eo
in-that

aut

mora

an humble-citizen, or

(that) the death

P. Clodii
of-P. Clodius

erit
should-be

atrocior,
the-more-atrocious,

quod
because

is

he

interfectus sit
may-have-been-killed

in

monumentis
the

suorum majorum.
of-his

among

monuments

ancestors.

Enim
[On the Appian way, which they made.]
For

hoc
this
*is

ssepe
often

dicitur
'said,

istis

proinde
;

quasi
as-if

ille
that

by-these (advocates of Clodius)

consequently

Appius Csecus
(celebrated)

muniverit
had-constructed

viam,
the road,

non
not
(that)

Appius Caecus

populus
the people

uteretur
might-use

qua,
it,

sed

ubi
it)

sui
his

posteri
posterity

but (that) there (on

latrocinarentur
might-rob

impune.

fltaque

quum,
when,

in
in

ista
this

with impunity.^' Therefore

eadem Appia
same
Appian

via, P. Clodius way, P. Clodius

occidisset
had-killed

M. Papirium,
M.
Papirius,

ornatissimum
a most-accomplished

Romanum
Roman
;

equitem, illud facinus fait

knight,
that

crime

was

non
not

puniendum

enim
for

nobilis
a noble

homo
man

occiderat
had-killed

to-be-punished;

Romanum
a

equitem,
knight,'

in

suis
his

monumentis
(family)

Roman
the

among

monuments;

nunc
now

nomen
name
excitat

ejusdem
of-that-same

Appiae
Appian
(road)

quantas
what

tragoedias
tragedies

Quae,
caede
murder

antea
atque
and

does-it-excite!

(This same road) which, (when) heretofore

imbuta

est,

cruentata
with-the-bloody

honesti
of-an-hocourable

it-was-wet

innocentis
innocent

viri

silebatur,
was-not-mentioned,

eadem
the

nunc
'is

crebe
often

man

same

now

ORATIO PRO
usurpatur
*mentioned

T.

ANNIO MILONE.

427
sanguine

posteaquam
after-that
(it

has been wet)

with-the-blood

latronis
of-a-robber

et parricidae. and parracide.

Sed quid
But

ego commemoro
*do I

why

Mention
est,

ilia ?
those-things
?

Servus

P. Clodii
of-P. Clodius

comprehensus
was
arrested,

in
in

slave

templo
the temple

Castoris, quern
of-Castor,

ille

collocaret
had-placed there
;

ad
for-the-purpose

whom

he

interficiendum
of-killing

Cn. Pompeium
Cn. Pompeius;

sica
the dagger

extorta est
was wrested

de
from
(his)

manibus,
hands,

confitenti

postea
after-this

Pompeius
Ponipey

he-confessing;

caruit
was-wanting
(absent)

foro,
from the forum,

caruit
was absent from

senatu,
the senate,

caruit
was-absent

publico
from the public;

texit
he-protected

se
himself
:

janua
by
(his)

Moors

ac
and

parietibus,
walls,

non

jure

legum que
lata,
was-offered,
si
if

judiciorum.
of-tribunais.

not by-the-right of-laws

and (power)

Num
Now

quae
what

rogatio
motion-for-a-law
?

num
or

quae
what
si

nova
new
vir,
the man,

quaestio decreta est

inquisition

Atqui,
But,

res,
the thing
(itself),

was-decreed

if

si
if

ullum tempus
any
time
(or occasion)

fuit was

dignum,
worthy
(of

an extraordinary
ilia
that

certe
investigation),

haec fuerunt
these

omnia, in
all,

causa,
cause,

certainly

were

in

Bumma.
the greatest.

Insidiator
in
in

erat collocatus in
placed
;

foro,
the forum,

The concealed-assassin was

in

atque
and

ipso
the very

vestibulo
vestibule

senatus

autem mors
but
death

of-the-senate

parabatur
was-prepared

ei
for-that

viro, in cujus vita; life man, on whose

salus
the safety

civitatis
of-the-statf

nitebatur
depended;
si
if

porro,
moreover,

eo
at-that

tempore reipublicae,
time

quo,
haec
this

of-the-republic, ia-which,

ille

unus
one

occidisset,
bad-fallen,

non
not

solum
alone

he (though only)

ci vitas,
itate,

sed
but

omnes gentes
all

concidissent.
had-fallen.
"

nations

Nisi Nor

vero

indeed

428
quia
because

0RATI0 PRO
res
ihe thing

T.

AJOTIO MILONE.

non
'was not

perfecta

est, 'accomplished,

fuit
it-was

non
not

punienda
consilia
the-intentions

proinde
consequently

quasi
as-if

exitus
the result

rerum,
of-things,

non
no*

to-be-punished:

hominum
of-men
fuit,

vindicentur
re

legibus.

Minus
Less

were-to-be-vindicated by-the-laws.

dolendum

non
not

perfecta,
r^eing-accomplished,

sed
but

would have-to-be-grieved-for, the thing

nihilominus certe
nevertheless

puniendum.
ex
from
?

^ l Quoties,

judices,
judges,

certainly it-ought-to-be-punishecf. How-often,

ego
have
I

ipse
myself

effugi
'escaped

telis
the weapons

P. Clodii
of-P. Clodius

et and

ex
from

ejus cruentis
hi3

manibus
hands
?

ex
from

quibus,
which,

si
if

vel
either

mea
my
'saved

bloody

fortuna,
good-fortune,

vel
or
(that)

reipublicse
of-the-republic

non
'had not

servasset

me, qui tandem

me,

who

in-fine

tulisset would-have-moved-for

quaestionem
an inquisition

de
concerning

meo
my
8.

interitu.
death.

Sed
But

sumus
we-are

stulti,
foolish,

qui who

audeamus
dare

conferre
to

compare

Drusum,
Brusus,

qui who

Africanum,
(also)

Pompeium,
Pompey,
(or)

mosmet
we

Africanus,

ipsos
ourselves

cum
with

P. Clodio.
P. Clodius.

Ilia

fuerunt
were

tolerabilia
to-be-borne-with
;

Those-things

nemo
(but) no-one

potest ferre
can
bear

mortem
the death

P. Clodii

aequo

of-P. Clodius with-undisturbed

animo.
mind.

Senatus
The senate

luget,
mourns,

equester
the equestrian

ordo
order

moeret,
ii-afilicted-with-grief,

tota
the whole

civitas
state

confecta est
weighed-down

senio
p?ith-ths-languor-of-old-age,

municipia
the municipalities

squalent,
are-in-mourning,

colonic
desiderant
nii-3

afflictantur,

denique
in-fine

agri
the fields

ipsi
themselvei

Ihe colonies are-afflicted-with-grief,

tarn
so

beneficum,
beneficent,

tarn
so

salutarem,
useful,

tan
sc

0RATI0 PRO

T.

ANNIO MILONE.
fuit

429
judices,
judges,

mansuetum civem.
mild
a citizen.

Ea
This

non
not

causa,
the reason,

was

profecto
certainly

fuit
it-was

non, cur Pompeius censeret Pompey thought why not,

(that a law)

quaestionem
for-a-special-inquiry-and trial

ferendum
should-be-moved-for
(by)

sibi; him
;

sed,
but,

sapiens
/being)

homo
man
mind,

atque
and

a wise

praeditus alta, et endowed with a profound, and

quodam^ divina mente,

,

certain

divine

vidit he-saw

multa
many-things
sibi,
to-him,
(but)
(that)

ilium
he

fuisse
(Clodius)

inimicum
an enemy

Milonem
Milo
si
if

had-been
;

familiarem
ipse
he-himself

in
in

communi
the general

An intimate-friend;

laetitia joy

omnium,
of-all,

etiam
also

gauderet,
should-rejoice,

timuit
he-feared

ne

fides

lest confidence (in his)

reeonciliatae gratiae
reconciliation

videretur
(with Clodius)

infirmior
more-weak;
illud,
this,

might-seem

etiam
*he
also

vidit
'saw

multa
many

alia,

sed

maxime
especially

other-things, but

(that)

quamvis atrociter
however

tulisset, tamen severe (the law) he-himself may-have-proposed, yet (that)

ipse

vos judicaturos
you
would-decide

fortiter.
fearlessly.

Itaque
Therefore

delegit
he-has-selected

e
from

florentissimis
the most illustrious

ordinibus lumina
ranks
'

ipsa.
(of the state, for

the lights themselves

Neque
judges).

vero,
indeed,

quod nonnulli
as

dictitant,
often-say,

in
in

Nor

some

legendis judicibus
electing

secrevit

meos amicos.
my
friends.

the judges has-he-separated (and passed by)

Enim neque
For
neither 'has (this)

justissimus
most-just

vir

cogitavit
'thought

hoc.
this,

man
potuisset
could-he

neque, in legendis bonis

nor,
in

viris,

assequi

selecting

good

men,

have-accomplished

id,
that,

etiamsi
even-if

cupisset.
he-had-wished.

Enim mea
For

gratia
favour (and influence)

my

non continetur
is

familiaritatibus,
^to

not

limited

my)

intimacies,

[intimate friends,]

ORATIO FKO
e

I.

AKNIC HTLOHB.
late,
far,

passant
:

non patere
not

propterea
57

_i
its

quod
esse
be

:.-

extend

2S'.:f:u:;:nes

;tus
:::.....-.::

poesont
can

non
mat

cum
sed,
?i
if

mul::>
aiany,

(and necessarily

restr: 0:5

::

few

s::i:.l c

mpanions)

but,

possmnufl "::::

quid,
cSe*

ssmnas
.

ag (by onr infiuenre

we-can (do
:.:s
us

it

cnly)

ex
._

eo,
_
:

quod
that

respablica
the republic

conjimxit
has-anited
ille

cum
with

is;
the good;

quibus, firom-among whom,

viros,

ex

quum
when

legeret

he [Pomp 7

optimos

quo

:.:".

i.raretux
(that

maxime
i~.

;:..
appertained
to

he-thought

::nere ad suaru fidem,

his
eredit,

(and the confidence placed in him),

s:v.:-::s:s ruei. farourabiy-disposed (to) me.

potuit
he-could

non non legere

not
bvJ
=

-!;::

those

That

indeed

: L. Domiti maxime praeesse. tc he-wished you 0. L. Domitius especially to- pre

huic

qusestioni,
:

quoesivit
_
7
:

nihil
:

aliud,
e
I

nisi

nothing

::ara,

gravitaiem,
dignity,

humanitatem,
ut
(in his

fidem.
and good-faith.

TnKt
He [Pompey]
necesse
l
'-

brought forward

law) that (the prei

essef
7
*be

consularern
a man-of- consular-dignity
;

credo,
I-beli r
7

quod
e

: -.

:.

ri".

cause

ducebat
1 7-

munus
(that)

principum
i-.ie-higher-ordera

nought

it-was

~.i-

iu:y

resistere
fco-oppose-theuLS7~7r

levitati et both to-the-ficklenes3

multitudinis
of-the-multitude

et and

:eno:::ati
::-:_t-:^::7:: te

perditorum.
of-the-proflig?^
:

Potissimum
A
7 -. ..

cream
he-aclceted

ex

insularibus.

Enim. jam
For,
already

ab
from (your)

fou from-amoii

:i:i7-:f-consular-rank.

ORATIO PRO
adolescentia,
youth,

T.

ANNIO MILONE.

4S1
documenta,
proofs,

dederas
you-had- given

maxima
the greatest

quam
how-much
0.

contemneres populares insanias.

you-despised

popular

madness.

Quamobrem,
Wherefore,

judices,
judges,

ut
that

aliquando
at-length

veniamus
we-may-coma

ad
to

causam
the cause
(itself)

que
and
facti

crimen,
the accusation,

si
if

neque
neither

omnis
all

confessio
confession

est inusitata,
is

neque
nor
(that)

quidquam
any-ihing

of-the-deed

unusual,

judieatum est
was-determined

senatu,

de

nostra" causa,
our
cause,

aliter
otherwise

by the

senate, about

ac
than

nos vellemus,
we
wished,

lator legis et and the proposer of-the-law

ipse,
himself,

quum
when
tarn en however

esset
there-was

nulla
no

controversia
dispute

facti,_
(concerning) the deed,

voluit
desired

esse
that-there-should-be

disceptationem
a discussion
is

juris,
of-the-lawfulness

(thereof),

que electi, et judices and judges being-chosen, and

qui who
est,

propositus
appointed-to-preside

he

qusestioni,
over-the-investigation,

disceptet
judices,
judges,

hoc
ut
that

juste

que
and

would-decide these-things justly

sapienter,
wisely,

reliquum
nihil
into-nothing

debeatis
you-ought

jam,
now,

it-remains,

quorere
fco-iuquire

aliud,
else,

nisi
unless

uter
which-one

fecerit
laid

insidias
gnares-and- ambushes

utri.
for-the-other.

Quod
Which

quo
that

possitis you-may

facilius
the-more- easily

perspicere
perceive

argumentis,
(what relates)
to-the-argument,

quaeso
vobis
to-you

attendite diligenter,
attend
carefully,

dum

breviter expono
briefly

I-entreat (you)

while *I

^explain

rem gestam.
the occurrence.

Quum
When

P. Clodius
P. Clodius

statuisset
had-deterinined

vexare
to-harass

rempublicam
the republic

omni
by-all

scelere
(kinds of) wickedness

in
in (his)

prsetura, que
prsetorship,

videret
(as)

comitia
(that)

and

he-saw

the comitia (for electing officers)

432

ORATIO PRO
ita
tract:?,

T.

AXXIO MILOX*
anno
-

'Lsi-bfe^

s ;-!;-_:

esse Melayei

superiore,
be:

ut
that

posset
he-could

noil not

gefrere praetur hold the prsetorship

am

multas menses, months, many

ut
as

qui
he-

Don
did not
e:
ft'.s :

spectaret
.

gradum
the degree

honoris,
of-honour,

ceteri.

sei

veRei
he-wi b
g

effbgere a
bo-avoid (haying)

L. Paullum. civem
L. Paullum,

7 1

a citizen (end**

gingulari virtnte,
with
:..-_.-..-.:

rirtue

for his

5g 21, colleague,

et and

qusereret
(as)

he

(also)

<ie_-

integrum
5

annum
veir

ad
::

dilacerandam

reropublieam,
the
i

reliquit
he-gave-up

suum annum, que

his

transtulit
transferred
fit

sese
himself

suddenly

year

and

in
in::

proximum
the next

annum,
veir.

n:>n,

ut

ua
dice

that it-was-done through-any

gjfcme,
rc".:g::-u5-s;-:

5rl.

ut
bnl

haberet,
ne-might-h.
f

quod ipse
%&
iie

plenum
:.

a:que
1
1

integrum
::::::

annum,
-f;.:.

ad
for

gerendam
diseha: .

:"-:.'-

prseturam,
the praetorship,

hoc
that
ei.

es:
is

&d
for

evertendam
overturning

rempublicam.
the repu"

Occurrebat
It-occurred

suam
(that)

prseturam
rship

futuram
would-be
;

to-him,

his

mancam
lame

ac
an I

debilem, Milone
weak,

consule
(being)

porro
moreover

Milo
fieri

consul;

eum
::-5femed,
(that)

consulem
consul

summo
with-thc -greatest

he

would-be-made

consensu
v.-LZ-.

Romani
::-:ir-J. :zi?.z

populi.
zi:~'..

Contulit
H;':::.::
ita.

se
ii:_5T.:

ad ejus
::

-.:-

Lis

_ipetitores.

sea

ut
::a:
illis

ipse solus
he-himself-alone

~Y:1:V

com::;:: tors,

gnbernarei
might-rule

totam petitionem. etiam

the entire

invi::

can

even

thej being-unwL

ut
that

sustineret.
he-sustained.

ut
as

dietitabat
*he often-'said,

tota
the whole

cornitia
cornitia

suis
on-hii

humeris.
izyuL-iiis.

Convocabat
He-convoked

tribus,
the tribes,

interponebat
he-interpof^
1

se;
hie:?

ORATIO PRO
conseribebat
he-formed

T.

ANtflO MILONE.

43S
delectu

novam Collinam
a-new
Colline
(tribe)

by-the-enrolment-of-the
ille

perditissimorum
most-worthless

civium.
citizens.

Quanto
As-much-as

he [Clodius]

miscebat,
ihrew things-into-confusion,

tanto
so-much
'

magis
the more

hie
this-one [Milo]

convalescebat
gained-strength

in dies.

Ubi
When
saw,

homo
the-man (Clodius

(from day) to day.

paratissimus ad
must-ready
for

omne
every

facinus vidit,
crime
(that)

fortissimum
the-most-brave

virum,
person
(Milo),

suum inimicissimum
his

certissimum
(was)
most-certain (to be)

greatest-enemy

consulem,
consul,

que
and

intellexit
he-understood
(that)

id
this

ssepe
*was often

declaratum esse, non solum

declared, not

sermonibus,
by-the-conversation,

sed etiam
but
also

only

suffragiis

Romani
dicere,
to-say,

populi,
people,

coepit
he- began

agere palam,
to-act

by-the-votes of-the-Roman

openly,

et and

aperte
plainly

Milonem
(that)

occidendum

esse.

Milo

must-be-killed.

Deduxerat
servos,
slaves,

ex

Apennino agrestes
rustic

He-had-brought-down from the Apennines

et barbaros and barbarous

quos whom
forests,

videbatis,
you-saw,

quibus
with-whom

depopulatus
he

erat
ravaged

publicas silvas, que vexarat Etruriam.

the public

Res
The
affair

erat
was

and

harassed

Etruria.

minime
by-no-means

obscura.
concealed.

Enim
For

dictitabat
he-often-said

palam,
openly,
(that)

consulatum
the consulship

posse
'could

non
not

eripi
'be-taken-from

Miloni
Milo
(but that his)

vitam
life

posse.
could.

Hoc
in

ssepe

significavit
l

in
in

senatu;
the senate;

This *he often

hinted

dixit
he-said
(it

concione
fortissimo
a very-brave

quin etiam
;

openly)

in the-public-assemblies-of-the-people

but

also

respondit
he-replied

M.

Favonio,
Favonius,

fco-M.

viro, man,

quserenti
inquiring

ex
of

eo

qua
37

spe

fureret,

Milone
Milo

vivo,
being-alive,

him with-what

'aop lie-thus-gave-way-to-his-fury,

434
respondit
ilium
he

0RATX0 PRO
triduo,

T.

ANNIO MILONE.

ant

summum
at-most

quatriduo,
in-four-days,
(that)

he-answered (that) in three-days, or

periturum esse
would-be-dead

quatn
which

vocern
expression

ejus,
of-his,

Favoniua
Favoniua

detulit
related

statim
immediately

ad hunc M. Catonem.
to this

M.

Cato, (here present as judge),

10.
erat
was-it

Interim,
difficilis
difficult

quum
when
scire),
to-know-it),

Clodius sciret, (enim neque

Clodius

In-the-mean-time,

knew,

(for

neither

esse
(that)

sollemne,
a yearly,

there-was

legitimum
legitimate

necessarium
(and)

necessary

iter journey

Miloni
for

Lanuvium,
to-Lanuvium,

Milo

ante

xrn
xin

diem
day

Kalendis Februarias
of-the

before the

Kalends of-February [18th of January]

ad
to

prodendum flaminem,
nominate
the priest,

quod Milo erat dictator

because

Milo

was

dictator

Lanuvii, ipse

subito
insidias

pridie

profectus est

of Lanuvium, he (Clodius) suddenly, on-the-day-before, proceeded-from

Roma,
Rome,

ut

collocaret

ante
before

suum fundum
his

that he-might-place ambuscades

farm

Miloni (quod intellectum est

for Milo

as

was-understood

re). by-the-thing

Atque
(itself).

ita
he-so

And

profectus est,
departed

ut
(from Rome), that

relinqueret
he-left

turbulentam
a turbulent

concionem,
quae
(and) which

in

qua
which

ejus
his

furor
violence

desideratus est,
was-missed,

assemblage-of-people, in

habita est
was-held

illo on-that

ipso
same

die,
day,

quam
which
'he-would

nunquam
neTsr

reliquisset,
'have-left,

nisi
unless

voluisset
he-wished

obire
to-go

(and mako

locum que tempus

use of) the place

facinoris.
a crime.

Autem
But

and

time (for committing)

Milo,
Milo,

quum
when

fuisset
he-had-been
est,

in
in

senatu
the senate

eo
that
;

die,
day,

quoad
u:
til

senatus
the senate

dimissus
et and

venit
came
;

domum
home;

mutavit
he-changed
(his)

was-dismissed,

calceos
shoes

vestimenta
dress;

commoratus
he-waited

est

paulisper,
a
little,

ORATIO PRO
(ut
fas
(i

T.

ANNIO MILONE.
uxor comparat
wife
'gets

435
se,
herself 'ready,

fit),

dum
id

usually)

done), while (his)

deinde profectus
then

temporis,
time,

quum jam
when
already

Clodius
Clodius

he- departed (at) that

potuisset
might

redire,
have-returned,

si
if

quidem venturus erat Romam,

indeed
he-was-to-return
fit
to

Rome,

eo
cn-that

die.
day.

Clodius
Clodius

obviam
meets

ei,

him,

(he Clodius being)

expeditus,
unencumbered,

in
on

equo,
horseback,

nulla
with-no

rheda;,
carriage,

nullis
with-no

impedimentisj
baggage,

nullis
with-no

Graecis
Greek

comitibus,
attendants,

ut
as

solebat,
he-used

sine
(to-have), without
(his)

uxore,
wife,

quod

fere

nunquam,
never

which (was) almost

quuni
(the case),

hie
this

insidiator,
waylayer,
[Milo,]

when

qui who
murder,

apparasset
had-prepared

illud iter,
that

ad
uxore,

faciendam caedem, veheretur

was-drawn

journey, for-the-purpose-of committing

in
in

rheda cum

paenulatus

a carriage with (his) wife, (and was) enveloped-in-a-travelling-cloak,

et and

magno
with great

impedito,
baggage,

muliebri ac delicato et delicate and with-an-efifeminate and

eomitatu
cortege

ancillarum,
of maid-servants,

que
and

puerorum.
of-boys.

Fit obviam
He-meets

Clodio
Clodius

ante
before

ejus
his

fundum,
farm,

fere
about

undecima;
the eleventh

hora,
hour,

or

aut non multo not much

in
on

secus.
from-it.

Statim
Immediately
telis,
missiles,

complures faciunt
many
the higher

make

impetum
an attack

hunc cum
him
with

de
from

superiore loco
place
,*

adversi
the opponents

occidunt
kill

rhedarium;
the driver
(of his carriage)

autem
but

quum
when

hie,
he,

rejecta
having-thrown-off
(his)

paenula,
cloak,

desiluisset had-jumped

de rheda,
irom-the-carriage,

que defenderet
and
illi,

se

acri

defended

himself with-a-courageous (and

animo
rigorous)

mind,

those,

qui who

erant
were

cum
with

Clodio,
Clodius,

436
eductis
having-drawn

ORATIO PRO
gladiis,
(their)

T.

ANNIO MILONE.
partim
soine-of-theni

reeurrere
rail-back

ad
to

swords,

vhedam,
the chariot,

ut
that

adorirentur
they-niight-attack

Milonem
Milo

a
in

tergo,
the- rear,

partim,
eome-of-them,

quod
because

putarent
they-thought
(that)

hune
he
l

jam
waa already

interfectum, incipiunt caedere

slain,

ejus
his

servos, qui erant

slaves,

begin

to-kill

"who

were

post,

ex

behind, from-among

quibus, whom,

qui
those-who

fuerunt
had

praesenti
presence (of)

anirao, mind (and

resolution),

et fideli in and were faithful to

dominuni,
(their)

master,

*were

partim
part-ofthem

occisi sunt,
^lain,

partim,
apart,

quum
when

viderent
they-saw
(that)

pupiari
there-was-a-fight

ad
at

rhedam,
the carriage,

prohiberentur
(and)

were-prohibited from

sueeu^ere
succouring
(their)

domino,
master,

audirent
(when) they-heard

ex
from

Clodio
Clodius

ipso
himself,
/* hat)

Milonem occisum,
Milo
was- killed,

re et putarent and believed the thing

id
that

(to be)

vera,
true,

servi
t^e servants

Milonis
of-Milo

fecerunt
did

(enim
(for

dicam
I-speak

aperte,
openly,

^on
not

causa
for-the-purpose

derivandi criminis,
of shifting

the blame (from Milo to

sed
his servanU),

ut
affair

factum
sciente,
knowing,

est),

but (that the

may

be stated)

as

it-was-done),

domino
(their)

nee
neither

imperante,
commanding,

nee
nor

nee
nor

master

praesen*^,
being-present,

quod
which

quisque
each-one
(of us)

voluisset
might-have-wished

suos
his

servos facere, in tali

servant
to-do,
in

re. such an affair.

^
ty

11.

Haec,
Xhese-things,

judices,
judges,

gesta sunt,
have-been-done,

ita
just

sicut
as

exposui
I-have-stated

insidiator
(them);

superatus est
was-overcome;

vis
violence

the-way layer

vel vi, victa was- defeated by-violence, or

potius audacia
rather

oppressa est
was-xut-down

audacity

ORATIO PRO
virtute.
by-valoui.

T.

ANNIO MILONE.
quid
(about)

437
respublica
the republio

Dico
I-say
sit,

nihil,
nothing,

what

consccuta
nihil,

nihil,
nothing,
(about)

quid
what

vos
you

may-have-gained,

(may have

gained),

quid omnes
all

nothing, (about) what

boni. good-men

(may have gained, by

this

Sane
event).

id prosit nihil
a

But-indeed

let that

*be

no

Advantage

Miloni, qui who to Milo,

save

natus est
is

hoc
to-this

fato,
fate,

ut quidem potuerit ne servare

that

born

indeed

he-could

not

se,
himself,

quin
but-that

una,
together

servaret
(and at the same time),
he-saved
fieri
be- done

rempublicam
the republic

que
and

vos.
you.

Si
If

id
this

potuit
could

non
not

jure,

habeo

nihil,
nothing,

quod
that

defendam.
I-may-defend.

Sin
But-if

et
both

with right, I-have

ratio
reason

prsescripsit
has-prescribed

hoc
this

doctis,
to-the-learned,

et and

necessitas
necessity

barbaris,
to-barbarians,

et and

mos
custom

gentibus,
to -nations,

et etiam and also

natura
nature

feris belluis,
to-wild
beasts,

ut

semper propulsarent omnem

^epel
all

that Hhey-might always

vim
a
from

quacunque
capite,
(their)

ope
means

possent,
they-could,

a
from
(their)

corpore,
body

violence, by-whatever

a
(and)

sua
their

vita,
life,

potestis
you-can

non
no

head,

from

judicare
adjudge

hoc
this
(to be)

improbum
a wicked

facinus,
deed,

quin
but-that

simul
at-the-same-time

judicetis,
you-decide,

omnibus,
for-all,

qui
who

inciderint
may-have-fallen

in among

latrones,
robbers,
(that)

pereundum
aut
or

esse,

aut
either

illorum in
*by their

they-must-perish,

tellis,
[the robber's]

vestris
by-your

sententiis.
sentences.

Quod
Because

si
if

Weapons,
ita,
so,

putasset
he had-thoucrht

certe
*it

certainly

fuit optabilius Svould-have-been more-desirable

Miloni,
for Milo,

dare
to-offer
(his)

jugulum
throat

P. Clodio,
to-P. Clodio,

(which)

438
petituni

ORATIO PRO ab
by
illo

T.

ANNIO MILONE. non

not

semel,
once,

neque
nor

turn
then

had-beeD-sought

him

primum,
for-the-first-time,

quam
than

jugulari
to-be-strangled
illi

a
by

vobis,
you,

quia
because x he-had

non
not

tradidisset
'delivered

se

jugulandum.
to-be-killed.

Sin
But-if

nemo
no-one

himself to-him

vestrum sentis
of-you
thinks

ita,
so,

jam
now

illud venit in judicium, this comes in judgment, (and is

non,

ne

occisus
j ure >

sit,

subject of inquiry for the judges), not, whether

he-may -have-been-killed,

quod fatemur
which

sed
but (whether
it

an
or

injuria,
unjustly;

we-confess;

was done)

justly,

quod,
which,

in
in

multis many

causis
causes,

sgepe
'has
often
x

qmesitum
et and

est.

been-inquired-into.

Constat
It-is-evident (that) snares

insidias factas esse, were laid, and ambuscades

id
this

est,
is,

quod
what

senatus
the senate
;

judicavit,
has-determined,

factum
was-done

contra
against

rempublicam
the republic;

ab

utro facte sint, est by whica-of-the-two they-might-have-been-laid, is

incertum.
uncertain.

De
Concerning

hoc
this

igitur

latum est
(and or-

therefore it-has-been-moved

ut
dered)
that

quaereretur.
it-should-be-inquircd-into.

Et
And

ita
so

senatus
the senate

notavit
disapproved

rem,
the-thing,

non
not

hominem,
the

man,

et and

Pompeius
Pcmpey

tulit has-brought-forward

quoestionem
the inquiry

de

jure,

non
not

concerning the lawfulness,

de
concerning c

facto.
the fact
(itself).

12.

Igitur
Therefore

numquid
is-there-any

aliud,
other-thing, (that)

venit
comes

in
in

judicium,
judgment,

nisi
unless

uter
which-one

fecerit
laid
;

insidias
snares -an d-ambascadei

utri

Profecto
Indeed

nihil

si
if

hie
this

fbr-the-other?
illi,

nothing-else;

(Milo laid snares)

si
ii

ut
(Clodius),
'let-it

ne
not

sit
'be

impune;
with impunity,

for-him

0RATI0 PRO
ille

T.

ANNIO MILONE.
turn
then

439
solvamur
are-acquitted

huic,

nos
we

he (Clodius laid snares) for-this (Milo),

scelere.
of-guilt.

Tgitur
Therefore

quonam
in-what

pacto
manner
insidias
snares

potest
can
(it)

probari,
be-proved,
(that)

Clodium
Clodius

fecisse
had-laid

Miloni?
for-Milo
?

Est
It-is

quidem
indeed

satis,
sufficient,

in
in

ilia
that

tarn
so

audaci,
audacious,

tarn
so

nefaria
wicked

bellua,
a monster,

docere,
to-show, (that there was)

magnam causam
great

reason

ei for-him (to desire Milo's

magnam spem
death, and)

propositam
were offered

in
(him) by

morte
the death

great

hopes

Milonis,
of-Milo,

magnas
that great

utilitates
advantages

fuisse. would-have (resulted

to

him

Itaque
thereby).

illud
that

Cassianum,
(maxim
of)

"cui
"to-whom
in
his
these

Therefore

Cassius,

fuerit
would-it-be

bono,"
advantageous,"

valeat
may-have-authority

among

personis
persons;

etsi although

boni
the good

impelluntur
are-impelled

nullo
by-no

emolumento
advantage

in
in

fraudem, improbi
(committing)
a crime,

bad-men

(are induced

ssepe
to

parvo.
by-a-small
(advantage).

Atqui,
But- then,

Milone
Milo

do so)

often

interfecto, assequebatur hoc,

being-slain,

non modo, ut
not
only,

esset

he-attained

this,

that he-might-be

praetor,
praetor,

non
not

eo
with-such

consule,
a consul,

quo
ut
that

posset
esset

facere
commit

under-whom he-could

nihil
nothing
lis

sceleris,

sed etiam,
also,

praetor,
praetor,

of-crime, [no crime,] but

he-would-be

those being-consuls,

consulibus, quibus who

certe

si
if

non juvantibus,
(they were)

not

assisting

(him),

at

conniventibus, speraret,
were conniving,

se

posse
furoribus
frantic-deed;

at-least certainly

he-hoped, (that) he might-be-abls

eludere
to-elude
(detection)

in
in

illis

suis
his

cogitatis
contemplated

those

440

ORATIO PRO
illi,

T.

ANNIO MILONE.
ut ipse
ratiocinabatur,
reasoned
si
if

cujus conatus
whose

attempts they, [the consuls], as

he [Clodius]

nec cuperent reprimere,

(

possent,
they-could,

with himself), *would not

.

desire

to suppress,

quum
rhen

arbitrarentur
they-considered
(that)

se
they

debere
were-indebted

ei to-him

tantum
t>r-such-a-great

beneficium, et
favour,

si
if

vellent,
they-wished
(to repress

and

them),

fortasse
perhaps

possent
Uhey-eould

vix
Scarcely

frangere
crush

audaciam
the audacity

Bceleratissimi
of-a-most-wicked

hominis,
man,

jam
now

corroboratam
confirmed

vetustate.
by-a-long-duration
(of impunity).

An
But
ignorant
(of all this),

vero,
indeed,

judices,
judges,
*are

vos
you

soli
alone

ignoratis,
*do

vos
you

versamini
Reside
(as)

hospites
strangers

in
in

hac
this

urbe?
city?
*do

vestrae
your

aures
ears

peregrinantur
'wander-and-pay-no-attention,

neque
nor

versantur
are-they-practised

in
in

hoc
this

pervagato
common-and-wide-spread
{si
{if

sermone
report

civitatis,
of-the-city,

quas
what

leges
laws

nominandae sunt
they-are-to-be-called

leges,
laws,

ac
and
ille

non
not

faces
firebrands (for)

urbis,
the city, (and)

pestes
pests

reipublicse)
of-the-republic)

impositurus fuerit
would-have-imposed

he

nobis omnibus, atque

on us
all,

inusturus?
indelibly-branded
(on us
all) ?

Exhibe
Produce

and

quaeso
I-entreat-you

Sexte Clodi, exhibe illud librarium

Sextus Clodius,

produce

that

book-case (containing)

vestrarum
your

legum,
laws,

quod
which

aiunt,
they-say, (that)

te you

eripuisse
snatched

e from (your) house,

domo,

et and

ex
from

mediis
the midst
(of)

armis,
arms,

que
and

nocturna turba,
a nocturnal

extulisse
(it) aloft

tanquam
aa

mob

(threatening you), (and) bore

Palladium,
lViladium,

videlicet,
ior-the-purpose,

ut
that

posse
you-might-be-able

deferre
to-carry

ORATIC PRO
preeclarum
the splendid

T.

ANNIO MILONE.
instrumentum
instrument-of-writing

441

munus,
present,

atque
and
si
if

(for)

tribunatus
the tribunesh.p,

ad
to

aliquem,
some-one,

nactus esses,
you-could-find
(him),

qui who

gereret
would-discharge-the-duties
(of)

tribunatuni
the-tribuneship

tuo
to-your

arbitrio.
wish,

An
legis,
law,

ille

ausus esset
'have-dared

facere
to-make

mentionem hujua
mention
of~thia

Whether 'would he

quam
which

Sex. Clodius
Sex. Clodius

gloriatur r
boasts,

inventam
(that)

it-was-devised

a
by

se, him,
?

Milone
Milo

vivo,
being-alive,

ne
not

dicam
I-may-mention
(his) (being)

consule
consul?

De
Concerning

omnium nostrum
all

of-us

audeo
I dare

non dicere
not
say

totum.
all.

Videte,
See,

quid
what

ea
that

lex
law

habitura fuerit
would-have-had

cujus etiam vitii reprehensio of odiousness, (when the mere mention) of-which even (for) reprehension
est
is

periculosa.
dangerous.

Et
And

quidem
indeed

adspexit
he-looked

me

illis

at-me with-those

oculis,
eyes,

quibus
with-which
x

turn
he then

solebat,
'used-to-do,

quum minabatur
when
curiae
he threatened

omnia
every-thing

omnibus.
to all.

Lumen
This light

quippe
indeed

of-the-senate-house

movet me.
moves
me.

13. Quid ? What?

tu
do you

putas,
think,
(that)

me
I

iratum
am-angry

tibi,
/vith-you,

Sexte,
Sextus,

cujus
whose

inimicissimum
greatest-enemy

tu
you

punitus es, have-punished,

^the part)

etiam
even

multo
much
humanity

crudelius,
more-cruelly,

quam
than
?

erat
it-would-be

mess
of-my

humanitatis postulare
to-require?

Tu
You

ejecisti threw

domo
*from (his)
'house

cruentum
the bloody

cadaver
carcass

P. Clodii,
of-P. Clodius,

tu
you

abjecisti
*cast (it) 'out

in
to

publicum, tu reliquisti spoliatum

the public,

maginibus,
imager

you

left-U

deprived (of ancestral)

442
exsequiis,
of-funeral-rites,

ORATIO PRO

T.

ANNIO MILONE.
laudatione,
lignis of) wood

pompa,
infelicissimis

semustilaturn
half-burnt

of-funeral-pomp, of-funeral-panegyric,

'with (those)

'most unfortunate (pieces

[the furniture of the

dilaniandum
lenate chamber] (and)
to-be-torn

canibus,
(and devoured)

by dogs,

nocturnis.

Quare

etsi

fecisti

nefarie.

ehat-prowl-about-at-night. Wherefore although you-have-acted wickedly,

tamen,
nowever,

quoniam
because

exprompsisti
you-have-wreaked

tuam crudelitatem
your
cruelty

in
dn

meo
my

inimico,
enemy,
(though)

possum
I-can

non
not

laudare,
praise
(you),

certe

debeo non
not

irasci.

\ A [Demonstravi
[I

judices,
judges,

certainly I-ought

to-be-angry. \

have-demonstrated

quantum
how-much
(as respects)

Claudii inter]
Claudius
it

fuerit,

Milonem
Milo

was] (his) interest, (that)

occidi.
ehould-be-slain.

Nunc
Now

convertite
turn
(your)

animos vicissim ad
minds
next
to

Milonem.
Milo.

Quid
What

intererat
was-the-interest

Milonis,
of-Milo,
(that)

Clodium
Clodius

interfici ?
should-be-slain
?

Quid
What

erat
was-there

cur Milo, why Milo,

non dicam
'I-will not

'say

admitteret,
should commit

sed
(such a deed), but 'should (even)

optaret

'desire (it)?

(But)

Clodius
Clodius

obstabat
was-an-obstacle

Miloni, in
to-Milo,
in (his)

spe
hope

consulates.
of-the-consulship.

At,
But,

eo
he

repugnante,
opposing,

fiebat he-was-made

immo
(to gain)
;

vero

moreover indeed

fiebat he-was-made

eo
(to

magis,
the more,

nee
nor

utebatur
did-he-use

me
me

gain)

so-much

meliore suffragatore,
[nor was I]

quam
(for him),

Clodio
Clodius *( was) *

abetter

electioneerer

than

memoria,
the remembrance,

meritorum
of-the-services

Milonis
of-Milo

erga
towards

me
me
;

que
and

rempublicam, valebat
the republic,

apud
with

vos, judices
you,

nostra
ou?

availed (much)

judges;

lacrimse
tears

et and

preces,
entreaties,

quibus
by-which

ego sentiebam,
I
perceived,
(that)

vos
you

ORATIO PRO
turn mirifice

T.

ANNIO MILONE.
valebant;
were-of-avail;

448

moveri
'moved

'were then wonderfully

sed multd plus but much more

timor
did the fear

impendetium periculorum valebat.

of-impending
dangers
'avail.

Enim
For
sibi himself

quis who

erat

civium,

was-there of-the-citizens,

qui who

proponeret
could-place-before

solutam
the unrestrained

prseturaui P. Clodii,
praetorship
?
of-P. Clodius,

sine

maximo metu
fear

without the greatest

novarum rerum
of a revolution
?

Autem
But
is

videbatis
you-saw
that

foro
it

would-be

solutam,
unrestrained,

nisi
unless

esset consul, qui

were
consul,

auderet
might-dare

que
and

he

who

posset constringere earn.

could
restrain
it.

Quum
When

universus
the entire

Romanus
Roman

populus
people

sentiret
perceived
(that)

eum
this

Milonem
Milo

unum, esse was the only-one,

suo
by
his

(that could do this),

quis who

dubitaret,
would-doubt,

suffragio
vote

liberare
io-free

se
himself

metu,
from-fear,

rempublicam
(and)
the republic

periculo

from-danger?

At
But

nunc,
now,

Clodio
Clodius

remoto,
being-removed,

est
it-is

Miloni
for-Milo

jam
now

enitendum,
to-exert-himself,

usitatis
by-the-usual
ilia
that

rebus,
means,

ut

tueatur
et concessa conceded and

suam
his

that he-may-preserve

dignitatem
dignity;

singularis gloria,
peculiar
glory,

huic
to-him

uni,
alone,

quae
(and) which

quotidie augebatur frangendis

'was
daily

'increased

of-breaking

(and

furoribus
frustrating) the

Clodianis,
(of)

jam
J

cecidit
'fallen

mad-schemes

Clodius,

has

now

morte
(and ceased),
by-the-death

Clodii.
of-Clodius.

Vos
You

adepti estis
attained-to-this, (that)
;
;

ne
*you-need
not

metueritis
'fear

quern
any

civem
citizen

hie
he

perdidit
lost

exercitationem
(the occasion of)

virtutis,
valour,

suffragationem
votes

exercising

(his)

consulates,
(for)

perennem
the perpetual

fontem
fountain

suae
of-his

gloriae.
glory.

the-consulship, (and)

444
Itaque
Therefore

ORATIO PRO
consulatus
the consulship

T.

ANNIO MILONE.
qui,
which,

Milonis,
of-Milo,

Clodio
denique,
fine,

\ivo,

Clodius (being) alive,

poterat non labefactari,

could

not

be-shaken, (or defeated, but now), in

(Le being)

mortuo,
dead,

coeptus est it-has-been-commenced

tentari.
(for it)

to-be-attempted, [they have

Igitur
commenced
to

mors
the death

Clodii
of-Ciodius

non
Ms not

prevent it]

Therefore

modo
only

nihil prodest Miloni, no Advantage to-Milo,

sed etiam
but

obest.
is-an -injury (to hiinX

even

At
But-then
(his)

odium
hatred

valuit,
prevailed,

fecit
he-did
(it)

iratus,
enraged,

fecit
he-did
(it)

inimicus,
as

an enemy,

fuit he-was

ultor
the avenger si
if

injurise,
of-injury,

punitor
the avenger

sui
of-his

doloris.
griefs.

Quid?
What?

non
I-do not

dico,

hoec

fuerunt
were

say, (that) these-things

majora in Clodio, quam in Milone, sed maxima

greater
illo,
in

in
in

Clodius,

than

in

Milo,

but the greatest

nulla
(and)
?

in
in

hoc?
the latter?

quid
what

vultis
do-you-wish

the former,

not-at-ali

amplius
more?

Enim quid
For

Milo
(should) Milo

odisset
have-hated

Clodium,
Clodius,

why

segetem ac
the cause

materiem
material

suae
of-his

gloriae,
glory,

praeter hoc civile

except
?
?

and

that

civil

odium,
hatred,

quo

odimus omnes improbos

all

Erat,
There-was (reason)

by-which we-hate

wicked-persons

ut
that

ille

odisset
(Clodius)

primum
(Milo, for)
firstly

he

should-hate

he

[Milo]

(was)

defensorem
the defender

mese of- my

salutis,
safety,

deinde
next
(as)

vexatorem
the disturber (of his)

furoris,
fury,

dominatorem
(and) (as)
the master

suorum
(and represser)
of-his

armorum, postremo etiam

arms,
finally

suum accusatorem. Enrai

his

also (as)

accuser.

For

Clodiu3
Slodius

quoad

vixit

as-long-as he-lived

fuit reus Milonis, Plotia was the accused of-Milo, by-the-Plotian

lege.
law.

[On the accusation of Milo, Clodius was

liable to be tried

by the

ORATIO PRO

T.

ANNIO MILONE.

445
aninio
feelings

Tandem
Plotian law, against violence.]
In-fine

quo
with-wbat

creditis
do-you-suppose
(that)

ilium
that

tyrannum
tyrant

tulisse
bore
et, and,

hoc

this?

quantum
how-great
(do you suppose was)

illius
his

odium,
hatred,

in
in

injusto
an unjust

homine,
(and wicked)

etiam
also

quam
how

justum
reasonable, (that this)

man,

fuisse was?

14.

Reliquum

est

jam,
now,
(to

ut
show) that

ipsius
his

natura,
nature,

It-remains

que consuetudo
and
habits

defendat
may-defend

ilium,
that-one, [Clodius,]

autem hsec
but
these

eadem
same-things

coarguant
may-accuse

hunc.
(and censure) this-one. [Milo.]

Clodius
Clodius (did)

nihil

unquam per
by

vim,
force,

Milo
urbe,

omnia
vobis,
you,

per vim.
by
force.

nothing at-any-time

Milo (did) every-thing

Quid?
What ?
mourning,

quum ego
when
I

cessi

judices,
judges,

departed from-the-city,

moerentibus,
servos,
slaves,

ne
did-I

timui judicium
fear

non
(was
it)

atrial?

not
?

(rather)

non
not
(rather)

arma,
arms,

non
not

vim

quae
what

(rather) violence?

igitur

fuisset

therefore might-have-been

justa causa restituendi mei, of-recalling me cause a just

ejiciendi
of-throwing

(from

nisi
banishment),
unless
(the cause)

(me

into banishment)

fuisset
had-been

injusta?
unjust
?

Credo
I-suppose

dixerat
he-had-appointed

diem
a day

mihi,
for-me

irrogarat multam,
(for trial), (he

intenderat
he-had-threatened

had proposed)

to

impose

fine,

actionem
an action

perduellionis^/
of-treason,

et and (by)

mihi me

videlicet,
forsooth,

(your)

judicium
judgment

timendum
et

fuit,

in
in

causa,
a cause,

aut
either

mala aut
bad
or

was-to-be-feared,

mea, non
mine,

prseclarissima;
most-illustrious

not (as) both

et vestra. yours. and

Kolui
I-did-not-wish

38

446
objici
to-expose

ORATIO PRO

T.

ANNIO MILONE.
meis
by-my
et and
consiliis
counsels

meos
my

cives
citizens

servatos,
saved,

que
and

periculis,
dangers,

armis
to-the-arms

servorum,
of slaves,

egentium
of-needy

eivium,
citizens,

et and

facinorosorum, pro me.

of-the-wicked,
for

Enim
For

vidi,
I-saw,

vidi
I-saw

hunc
tbia

me.

ipsum
same

Q. Hortensius
Q. Hortensius

lumen
(bere) the ligbt

et and

ornamentum
ornament

reipublicae,
f-the-republic,

psene
nearly

interfici
killed
;

manu
by-a-band

servorum,
of-slaves,

quum
when

adesset
he-was-standing

mihi

in
in

qua
which
vir,

by-me;

turba mob
esset

C. Vibienus,
C. Vibienus,
-

senator,
a senator,

optimus
ita

quum
when

una

cum
with

(and) most-excellent man,

he-was together

hoc,
him,

mulcatus
'beaten,

est,

ut
that

amiserit
he-lost
(his)

vitam.
life.

'was so

Itaque
Therefore

quando
when

postea
after-that
J

ilia
did that

sica
'dagger

illius,
of-his,

quam
which

acceperat
he-had-received

a
from

Catilina
Catiline

conquievit?
'rest?

Haec
This (dagger)

intentata est nobis

was-aimed
at-us
;

ego
[me]
I

non passus sum huic

'can not
'suffer

this

objici
to-be-thrust

vos
at-you

pro
for

me
me;

hsec
this

insidiata est
(dagger)
lay-in-wait

Pompeio,
for-Pompey,

hsec
this

cruentavit
(dagger) stained-with-blood

istam
this

Appiam,
Appian way,
;
;

monumentum
the

sui
of-his

nominis,
name,

nece

Papirii

hsec,
this,

monument

by-the-murder of-Papirius

hsec
this

eadem,
same
(dagger),

longo
after-a long
;

intervallo,
interval,

rursus
'was

again
scitis,

con versa est

'turned

in
against

me
me;

nuper
lately

quidem,
indeed,

ut
as

you-know,

psene
it

confecit
killed

me ad
me
at

regiam.
the royal
(house).
?

nearly

[Palace of

NumaJ
cujus
whosn

Quid
What
vis
violerce

simile
like
(this ia the

Milonis
conduct)
of Milo?

omnis
all

fuit was

semper
always

haec,
this,

P. Clodius
(that)

ne
'might
not

P. Clodius

ORATIO PRO

T.

ANNIO MILONE.
vi,

447

teneret civiatem oppressam

'hold the city

oppressed

by-violence, [keep the city in con-

quum
tinual fear of his violence,]

posset
he could

non
not

detrahi
be-brought

in
to

since

judicium.
justice.

Quern

si
if

voluisset
he-had-wished

interficere,
to kill,

Whom
(how)

quanta? how-many

occasiones,
opportunities,

quoties,
often,

quam
how

praeclarae
splendid

fuerunt?
were-they
?

Potuit
Could-he

ne,
not,

quum
when
illo

defenderet
he-defended
(his)

domum, ac suos
house,

and

his

penates deos,
household
gods,

oppugnante,
attacking,

he (Clodius)

jure ulcisci have by-right avenged

civi,
citizen,

se?

potuit

ne,
not (have done
so), (that)

egregio
excellent

himself? could-he

et and

fortissimo
most-brave

viro

P. Sestio
P. Sestius

suo
his

collega

vulnerato?
viro, man,

man

colleague being-wounded?

potuit
could-he

ne
not (have done so)

Q. Fabricio,
Q. Fabricio,

optimo
a-most-excellent

quum
when

ferret

legem,

de
respecting

meo
my

reditu,
return (from banish-

carrying-through a law,

pulso,
ment),

crudelissima
(by a mob),
(and)

cagde
slaughter

being driven away

a most-cruel

facta
being-made

in foro

?
?

potuit ne
prsetoris,
praetor,

domo

L.

in-the-forum

could-he not (have done so) the house of-L.

Caelii, justissimi
Caelius,

que fortissimi
and
most-brave
illo
so),

oppugnata?
being-attacked?

a most-just

potuit
could-he

ne,
not (have done
?
?

die,

quum
when

lex

de
totius
of-all

on-that day,

the law concerning

me
me
Italy,

lata est

quum
when

concursus
the concourse (of the people)

was-passed

Italic, quern

mea
my

salus eoncitarat,
safety

whom
libens

had-excited

(and brought together),

illius
of-that

agnovisset
'have-acknowledged

gloriam
the glory

facti
deed (and)

Should willingly

ut
that

etiamsi,
although,

Milo
Milo

fecisset may-have-done

id,
it,

cuneta
the whole

civitas
stata

vindicaret
would-have-claimed

earn
that

laudem pro
praise
for

sua.
its-own

448
15.

0RATI0 PRO

T.

ANNIO MILONE,
tempus
erat
it-was
!
!

At
But

quod
what
(a favourable)

time

(For)

Clarissimus
the-most-illustrious

et fortissimus P. Lentulus consul, and most-brave consul, P. Lentulus (was)

inimicus Claudio,
an enemy

ultor

illius

sceleris,
wickedness,

propugnator
the bulwark

to-Claudius, the avenger of-his

enatus,
sf-the-senate,

defensor
the defender

vestrae
of-your

voluntatis,
will,

patronus
the patron

publici
(and promoter) *of (that)

consensus,
unanimity
(for

public

my

return),

restitutor
the restorer

meas
of-my

salutis;
safety;

septem
seven

prsetores,
praetors,

octo
eight

tribuni
tribunes

plebis
of-the-people (being)

adversarii
adversaries

illius,
of-him, (and)

defensores
defenders

mei

Cn. Pompeius
Cn.

auctor,
(being)

of-me;

Pompey
illius

the author,

et and

dux
leader

mei
of-my

reditus
return

(and)

his

hostis, enemy,

cujus
whose

gravissimam
most-dignified

et and

ornatissimam sententiam
most-beautiful

de
concerning

mea
my

salute,
safety,

omnia
the entire

opinion

senatus
senate

secutus est,
adopted,

qui who
qui, who,

cohortatus est
[Pompey]
exhorted

Romanum
the

populum,
people,

quum
when

Roman

fecit he passed

decretum
the decree

de
concerning

me
me

Capuse,
at-Capua,

ipse
he-himself

dedit
gave

signum
the signal

cunctse
to-entire

Italy,

Italic, cupienti, et imploranti ejus fidem, imploring his good-faith and desiring,

(in

my favour),
restoring

ut

concurrent

ad
odia

restituendam

that they-should-assemble-together for-the-purpose-of

me Romam;
me
to-Rome;
~

denique turn omnia

in-fine

civium
of- the- citizens

then

all

the hatred

ardebant
was-strongly-excited

in
against

ilium,
him,

desiderio
Vith-regret-at

mei; my
l ;

^absence;

quern whom

qui
[Clodius]
'if

interemisset
'had-killed

turn
then

non
it-would not

any-one

cogitaretur
nave-been- thought

de
concerning

ejus
his

impunitate,
impunity,

sed
but

de
about

ORATIO PRO
proemiis.

T.

ANNIO MILONE.

449
continuit
restrained

Tamen
However

Milo
Milo

the rewards (to be conferred on him).

se,
himself,

bis et and twice

vocavit summoned

P. Clodium in
P. Clodius
to

judicium
a trial-in-court,

nunquam
(but)

ad
to

vim.
deeds-of- violence.

Quid?
What?

never

(challenged him)

Milone
Milo

privato,

being a private-person,

et and

reo

ad

populum,
the people,

a defendant before

P. Clodio
P. Clodius

accusante,
being-the-accuser,

quum impetus
when
an attack

factus est in was made on

Cn. Pompeium dicentem pro Milone, quae

Cn. Pompeius

occasio

pleading

for

Milo,

what an opportunity

non
not

modo
only
?

turn,
(was there)
then,

sed
but

etiam
even

causa
a reason
(for)

opprimendi
surprising

Nuper
(and killing him)
?

vero
indeed

quum M.
when

Lately

M.

Antonius
Antonius

attulisset
had- brought

summam spem
the greatest

salutis
of-safety

omnibus
to-all

hope

bonis,
good-men,

que
and

nobilissimus
the-most-noble

adolescens
young-man

fortissime
'had most-bravely

suscepisset
espoused

gravissimam
the-most-responsible

partem
cause

reipublicse,
of-the-republic,

atque
and

teneret
when
'he (almost)

illam
that

belluam,
wild-beast,

declinantem
avoiding

'held

laqueos
the snares

judicii,
of-the-tribunals,

jam
already

irretitam
entangled-in-his-nets
;

qui
what

locus,
a place,

quod tempus
what

fuit illud,
that,

immortales
immortal

a time (and opportunity) was

ille

dii ? gods ?

Quum
When

fugiens abdidisset
flying

se

in

tenebras

he

had-hid

himself in the darkness

Bcalarum,
of-the- stairs,
it

(might)

fuit have-been

magnum
a-great-thing

Miloni
for-Milo

conficere
to-have-killed

illam
that

pestem,
pest,

nulla
with-no

invidia"

sua,
(to himself),

vero
but

odium

maxima
with great

gloria
glory
(to)

Antonii.
Antonius.

Quid?
What?
quoties

comitiis
in-the-comitia

in
(when voting)
in

Campo,
the

Campus

Martius,

how-often

fuit wag

38*

450

ORATIO PRO

T.

ANNIO MILONE.

potestas. tyuiin* the power, [how often had Milo the opportunity of killing Clodius] when
ille

irrupisset
[Clodius]

in
into

septa,
the-enclosures-for-voting, (and)

he

had-broken

euravisset,
bad-taken- care,
(that)

gladios
swords

destringendos
should-be-drawn

lapides
stones

(and)

jaciendos,
ehould-be-thrown,

dein
then

subito
suddenly

perteritus
frightened

vultu
by-the-appearance

Milonis
of-Milo

fugeret
he-fled

ad Tiberim,
to

vos
you

the Tiber,

et and

omnes
all

boni
good-men
uti to-make

faceretis vota,

ut
[prayed,] that

liberet
it-would-please

Miloni
Milo

made

vows,

sua
nse-of-his

virtute.
courage (and
kill Clodius).

16.

Igitur
Therefore

quern whom

noluit
he-would-not
(kill)

cum
with

gratiS,
the-approbation

omnium, voluit
of-all,

hunc cum
(kill)

querela;

aliquorum?
of-some
?

would-he

him

with the disapprobation

jure, quern quern ausus est non not (kill) lawfully, whom whom he -dared
loco,
(a proper)

(he dared not kill)

in

quern

tempore,
(he dared not kill)

^lace,

whom
kill)

at-an-opportune-time,

quern whom (he

to-kill

impune,
dared not
with-impunity,

non
Vould-he

dubitavit

not ^ave-doubted

occidere

hunc
him

injuria,
unlawfully,

iniquo
in-an-improper

loco,
place,

alieno
at-an

tempore,
inopportune-time,

periculo
with-danger

capitis
of-his-life

prsesertim,
especially,

judices,
judges,

quum
when
dies
the

contentio
the contest
(for)

amplissimi honoris,
the greatest

honours

(of the state)

et and

comitiorum
[election]

subesset;
was-at-hand;

quo
at- which

tempore
time
sit,
is,

day of-the-comitia

quidem (enim
indeed
(for

scio I-know

quam
how

timida
timid

ambitio
ambition

que
and

quanta
how-oreat

et and

quam
how

sollicita sit cupiditas copsulatus), the desire of-the-consuiship), is anxious

timemus
we-fear

omnia
every-thing

non modo qure pessunt

not

palam
'be openly

only

what

may

ORATIO PRO
reprehendi,
Reprehended,

T.

AXXIO MILOXE.

451

sed
but

etiam
also

quae
what (may)

obscure cogitari,
'be obscurely

'thought,

perhorescimus
we shudder-at

levem
idle

rumorem
atque
and

fictam
false

fabulam,
stories

rumours (and)

intuemur
we-look-at

ora
the countenances

oculos
eyes

omnium.
of-all.

Enim
Foi

nihil
nothing

est
is

tarn molle, tarn tenerum, aut tarn fragile,

so
soft,

so

tender,

or

so

fragile,

aut
or

flexibile,
flexible,

quam
as

voluntas
the good-will

que sensus
and
feeling

civium
of-the-citizens

erga
towards

nos,
us,

qui non who not

but

modo
only

irascuntur
are-provoked

improbitati
at-the-wickedness

candidatorum, sed etiam soepe

of-the-candidates,
also

fastidiunt

in factis
deeds

often

become-disgusted with

recte.

Milo

igitur,
then,

proponens
placing-before

sibi

(done) correctly (by him). '"Would Milo

him

hunc speratum atque exoptatum diem

this

Campi,
of-the

hoped-for

and

desired

day

Campus Martius,
proe
before

confitens
[day of the election,]
confessing

et and

ferens
bearing

se
himself

cruentis
with-bloody
ilia
those

manibus,
hands,
(his)

scelus
crime

et facinus, veniebat 'come and wickedness,

ad
to

augusta
august

auspicia
auspices

centuriarum?
of-the-centuria?
!

Quam
How

non

credibile

hoc
is

in
in

hoc

quam non dubitandum

!

incredible

this

this-one

how

indubitable

idem
(is)

in Clodio,
in

the

same

Clodius,

qui, who,
!

Milone
Milo

interfecto,
being-slain,

putaret
he-thought

se
(that)

regnaturum
would-resign

Quid
What

?
(if

he

\o

be said of that)?

quod,
which,

judices,
judges,

est
is

caput
the head

audaciae,
(and source) of-audacity,

quis who
esse
is

ignorat
is-ignorant
(that)

maximam
the greatest
?

illecebram
enticement

peccandi
of-doing-wrong

spem
the hope

impunitatis
of-impunit.y
?

In

igitur fuit haec ? utro In which-of-the-two therefore was this?

in Milone, qui est etiam

In

nunc
now

reus

facti,

aut

Milo,

who

is

even

a defendant (for) a deed, either

452
prssclari,
illustrious,

ORATIO PRO
aut
or

T.

ASTNIO

MILONE
an in Clodio, qui
or
in

certe
certainly

necessarii,
necessary,

Clodius,

who

ita
'has
so

contempserat
despised

judicia
courts-of-justice

que
and

poenam,
punishment,

ut
that.

nihil
nothing

delectaret eum, quod

delighted

esset
might-be

aut
either

fas
allowed

per
by

him,

which

naturam,
nature,

aut
or

liceret
permitted
?

per
by

leges?
the-laws?

Sed quid
But

ego
'do ?
I

why

argumentor
Appello
I-appeal-to

^ring-forward-arguments?

quid why

disputo
dispute

plura
et

(about so) many-things?

te
you,

Q. Petili,
Q. Petilius,

optimum
Cato,
Cato,

fortissimum
most-brave

a most excellent and

civem
citizen
;

te,
'I-call-on you,

M.
0.

testor

;
,*

M.

'as witness

quos whom

(both;

qusedam divina
some
divine

sors
chance

dedit

mihi
(for)

judices.
judges.

Vos
You
dixisse
said

has-given to-me

audistis
have-heard
sibi,
to-himself,

ex
from

M. Favonio,
M. Favonius,
(that)

Clodium
Clodius

et and

audistis,
you-heard
(it),

Clodio
Clodius

vivo,
being (yet)
alive,

(that)

Milonem periturum
Milo
would-die

triduo.
in-three-days.

Post
On

tertium
the third
ille

diem
day

res
the affair

gesta est,
took-place,

quam
which

dixerat.
he-had-said.

Quum
When

non
'did not

he

dubitarit
'hesitate

aperire,
to-make-known,

quid
what

cogitaret,
he-thought,

potestis
can

vos
you

dubitare, quid fecerit?

doubt,

what

he-did?

17.

Quemadmodum
How
[How was he
dixi
Explained

igitur
therefore

dies Mid the-day

x

non
not

fefellit
'deceive

eum ?
him
?

equidem
so certain of the

day

?]

I-have

indeed

modo
just

erat
(that) there-was

nihil

negotii
difficulty]

nothing of-the-affair [no

nosse

stata

sacrificia
sacrifices

dictatoris

Lanuvii.

Vidit
He-sav*

to-know the stated

of-the-dictator of-Lanuvium.

esse
'tba*)

necesse
necessary

Miloni
for

proficisci
to-go

Lanuvium,
to-Lanunuuo,

it-was

Milo

0RATI0 PRO
illo

T.

AXXIO MILOXE.
profectus
he-went
est.

453
It a que
Therefor*
?

ipso
same

die,
iay,

quo
on-which

en-that

antevertit.
he-antieipated

At
Milo in his journey).

quo
fuit

die

Quo.
On-that-day,

But on-whal

lay?

ut
as

dixi
I-have-said

ante.
before,

insanissiina
a rnost-furioua

(on which) there was

concio

concitata
stirred-up
:

ab
diem,
day,

ipsius
his

ruercenario
mercenary

m e e tin g-of-the -people

tribuno
plebis
of-the-people
:

quem
which
ille

quam
which

concionem,
meeting
nisi
unlesa

quos
which

clamores,
clamours,

nunquara
new

reliquisset,
have-leftj

he-would

approperarer
he-were-hastening

ad
to

cogitatum
some
premeditated

facinus.
crime.
iili.

Ergo
Xherefore

quid em ne causa
(there was)

irineris
of-a-ioun:ey

etiam
but

indeed

no

cause

for-him.

indeed

causa

manendi:
[at

nulla fa cultas Miloni

home]
:

a reason for-icmaining

there was) no

possibility

manendi.
remaining
(in the
city,

exeundi
but
for)

fuit departing there-was

non solum
net
si.
?

crhy

causa,
a
re;:

sed
:

etiam
also

necessitas.
a necessity.

Quid?
What moreover
eo
cn-that

ut
as

if,

ille he

scivit.

Milonem
Mile

fore
would-be

die
day

in
on
his

knew
sic

via.

Milo
Mile

potuit
could
sic.

ne
not

quidem
indeed

suspieari.
suspect.
thai

journey, so

Clodium
Clodius
^

Primum
In-the-tirst-place

qurero.
I-ask,

would be)

so.

qui who

potuerit
could

scire ? have-known
in
respecting

quod
.::' ?

idem

vos

potestis
could

non
not

which same-thing you

qurerere
have-asked

Clodio.
Clodius.

Ut enim
For though

rogasset
he-might-have-asked

neminem
no-one

alium.
else,

nise
but

suum
his

familiarissimum
most-mtimate-firiend
illo
(that)

T.
T.

Patinum,
Patinus,

potuit
he-might

scire have-known,

ipso
same

die,
day,

on-that

esse necesse
"t-was necessary

flaminem

prodi

for-a-priest to-be-appointed

a by

Milone.
Milo,

Lanuvii,
atLanuvium,

454
dictatore.
(as)

0RATI0 PRO

T.

ANNIO MILONE.
alii,
otners,

Sed
(thereof).

dictator

erant perinulti But there-were a-great-many

sire
learn

ex
from

quibus whom

posset
he-might

facillinie
very-easily

id

scilicet

omnes
aU

that;

namely

Lanuvini.
the Lanuvians.

Unde
Where
x

Milo
did

quaesivit
inquire

de
about

reditu
the return

Milo

Clodii

?
?

Quaesierit
He-may-have-inquired

sane.
without doubt.

Videte,
See,

quid
what

of-Clodius

largiar robis.
I-concede to-you.

Etiain
Also
(that)

corruperit
he may-have-bribed
dixit.
said.

servum, ut
a slave,
as

Q. Arrius,
Q. Arrius,

meus
my

amicus
friend

Legite
Read

testimonia
the evidence

vestrorum
of-your

testium.
witnesses.

C. Cassinius Schola,
C. Cassinius Schola,

(of)

Interamnanus,
Interamna,

familiarissimus, et

idem

comes

(his) most-intimate-friend,

and the same a companion

Clodii,
(and attendant)
of-Clodius,

cujus
whose

testimonio
testimony

Clodius
Clodius
(had)

jampridem,
some-time-since

dixit,

P. Clodius
(that)

fuerat
waa

(made use

of),

said,

P. Clodius

eadem
at-the-same

hora
hour

Interamnae
at-Interamna

et and
illo

Itomae,
at-Rome,
(and that)

Clodium mansurum
Clodius

fuisse
remained

die
u.iv

in
in

Albano,
Alba,

was-to-have

on-that

sed
but
(that)

subito
suddenly

nunciatum esse
it-was-announced

ei,

Cyrum
Cyrus

to-him, (that)

architectum
the architect

esse
was

mortuum;
dead;

itaque

repente
item
also

therefore (that he) at-once

constituisse
resolved

proficisci
to-proceed

Romam.
to-Rome.

C. Clodius,
C. Clodius,

comes
18, Videte, judices,
See,

P. Clodii, dixit hoc.

said
this (same).

an accompanying-companion of-P. Clodius,

judges,

quantas how-many
depositions.

res
things

eonfectas sint
are-determined

his
;and made manifest) by-these

testimoniis.

Primum,
First,

Milo
Milo

certe
is

liberatur,
freed

esse,
v

certainly

(from guilt;,

for

it is

shown)

to-be, (that) ha did

ORATIO PRO

T.

ANNIO MILONB.
concilio,

455
insidiaretur

non profectus
not

eo
Rome)

ut

go

(from

with-that intention,

that he-might-waylay

Clodio in
Clodius

non si quippe; via,; on the road; certainly -indeed ; since 'it-could not
ille

omnino
at-all

erat
*be

futurus
was-about
(to)

obvius
meet

ei.

Deinda
Next

(supposed, that)

he

him.

(enim
(for

non
*I-do not

video,
*see,

non cur why ^-may not

judices,
judges,

quoque
also

agam
Mention

meum
iny-own

negotium),
affair),

scitis,

fuisse,
(that) there-were (those),

you-know,

hac rogatione suadenda qui dicerent, in this in advocating-and-urging petition (and said, who

ac-

csedem
lion against Milo, that)

factam esse
was-committed

manu
by-the-hand

the murder

Milonis,
Df-Milo,

vero
but-indeed

consilio
by-the-counsel

alicujus
of-some

majoris.
greater-personage.

Abjecti
'Did (these)

abandoned

et and

perditi
profligate

homines describebant
men
sicarium.
an assassin.
Mescribe

me
me

videlicet
forsooth
(as)

latronem
a robber

ac
and

Hi
Those-mea

jacent,
lie prostrate,

suis

testibus,

(and convicted) by-their-own witnesses,

qui negant who deny (that)

Claudium rediturum
Claudius

fuisse
returned

Romam
to-Rome
;

eo
on-that

die,
day,

nisi
unless

would-have

audisset de
he-had-heard-of

Cyro.
Cyrus.

Respiravi

liberatus

sum
(from

I-breathed- again

I-was-freed

non
anxiety);
'I-

vereor,
'fear,

ne
lest-that

videar
I-may-seem

cogitasse
to-have-thought

do not

quod
that-which

potuerim
I-could

ne
not

quidem
indeed

suspicari.
have-suspected.

Nunc
Now

persequar
I-will-proceed
(with)

cetera
the rest.

Nam
For

illud
this (expression of theirsN

occurrit.
occurs.

Igitur
Therefore

Clodius
Clodius

ne
Mid not

quidem
indeed

cogitavit
'think

de
about

insidiis,
snares,

quoniam
because

fuit he-was

mansurus
to-remain

in
in

Albano.
Alba.

Si quidem
(Granted)
if

non exiturus
'he-was not

fuisset

e
from
(his}

indeed

Ho-have-departed

456
villai
villa

0RATI0 PRO

T.

AXNIO MILONE.

aa
(in

csedem.
(commit) a murder.

Enim
For

video,
I-perceive,
(thatj

Alba)

to

ilium,
he,

qui
vrho

dicatur
is-said

nuntiasse
to-have-brought-news
id,
it,

de
sed
but
(that)

morte

concerning the death

Cyri,
of Cyrus,

non
'did not

nuntiasse
Announce

Milonem
Milo

appropinquare.
was-approaching.

Nam
For
Clodius

quid
what

nuntiaret

de
reliquerat
had-left

might-he-announce concerning

Cyro,
Cyrus,

quern Clodius proficiscens

Roma,
from-Rome,

whom

departing

morientem?
dying?

Fui
I-was

una;
together
(with them);

obsignavi
I-signed

testamentum
the will

simul

cum
with

Clodio
Clodius

tamen
but

(as witness) together

'he-had

palam
openly

fecerat
'made
(his)

testamentum,
will,

et and

scripserat
left

et
both

ilium
him

et and

me
me
(his)

heredem.
heirs.

Quern

tertia
at-the-third

hora,
hour,

Whom
efflantem
breathing-out

pridie,
the day-before,

reliquisset
he-had-left

animam,
(his)

soul,

[at the

denique
point of death,]
'would-it
in-line

nuntiabatur
'have-been-announced

ei to-him

postridie
on-the-next-day (that)

eum mortuum decima

he
sit
let-it-be

hora
quae

died

at the tenth

hour?

19.

Age,
Well then,

factum
done so

ita
;

causa
reason

[be

it

so

;]

what

(was there)

cur why

properaret
he-should-hasten
?
?

Romam?
to-Rome?

cur why

conjiceret
should-he-throw

se
himself

in
into

noctem
the night

quid
[why should he depart
at nightfall ?]

what

afferebat
brought
(any)

causam
reason

festinationis
of-hastening
?

[whgt occasion of hurrying

?

quod
was there?] what-because
nihil,
nothing,

erat
he-was

teres
heir?

Primum
First

erat
there- waa

cur why

esset
there-should-be

opus
need (of)

properato;
hastening;

deinde,
next,

si
if

esset
there-was

quid,
any,

quid
what

tandem
indeed

erat
was-there

quod
that

posset
could

ORATIO PRO
consequi.
be-ol
si
if

T.

AXXIO MILOXE.
amitteret,
'he-inight

457

ea

noete.
night,

auteru
which

rossilly

venisset h. -'.... .I-c. me

at
illi

Romam
to-Rome
lodius

inane
early-in-the-morning

postridie

?
?

on-the-next-daj

Atque
And
fait

noetumus adventns ad orbem

a nocturnal

arrival

in

the city

potius
rather

vitanclus.
to-be-avoided,

quaru
than

expetendus.
to-be-sought-for,
si
as

sic
so

fui
it-wa

was

Miloni
tor-Milo

quum
as

esset
he-was

insidiator
a

sciebat
he-knew

waylayer

you say)

if

ilium
he
[Clodins]

accessurum
would enter

ad urbem
:ae ei:y

noctu,
by-r

subsidendnm,
Occidisset

atque
and

exspeetandura
wait

fait.
For

him).

noctu

in
in

insidioso
suspij-ious

loco,
place,

et
and
ei

He-would-have-kiUed Xlodias] by ai^ht

pleno
full

latronum
s
:

nemo
n
:- :::e

non
volunt
wish
ille
thai

credidisset

him

neganti.
g
[it),

quern

omr.es

esse
I

salvum.
safe.

e:iam
eren

confirentem.
ssing

Primum
Firs:

locus ipse,
plane
itself,

occultator
the hiding-place

et

receptor
BptaeJe

latronum.
ttf-robbers,

sustinuisser
woold-have-bornc

crimen

turn

neque

muta
caeca
the dark

solitado
solitude

indicasset
wonld-have:

Milonem, neque
Mil
.

nox
nig:::

nor

osten iisset have-shown-hiuij

deinde
next

ibi
in-that-plaee

multi many

violati
;hy-asea

ab
by

illo,
him,,

many who)

spoiiati,
had-

expulsi
many whc
-plundered
::

their,'

bonis
a';

multi many
:

etiam

tirnentes
-ug

hcec
kht)

caderent
irovld-aU

in
.r

suapicionem
Buspiei<

denique tota Etrnria

in-fiue
all

citaretur
r-been-eited

Z:r

rea.
as defen.i.ir
-.

Atque
And

eerte
certainly

illo

die.
day.

Clodins
Cl:aius

rediens
returning

;n-tha;

39

458

0RATI0 PRO

T.

AKNIO MILOKS.
in
in

Arica devertit ad se, from Arica turned-aside to-his-house,

Milo
Milo

Albanum.
Alba.

QuoJ
Though

ut
a?

seiret, might-know, (that)

ilium
he

fuisse
had-been

Aricae,
at Arica,

tamen
however

debuit
he-ought

suspicari
to-have-suspected, (that)

eum,
he,

etiamsi

vcllet

although he-inight-wish

reverti
to-return

Romam
to

illo

die,
day,

deversurum
would-turn-aside

ad
to

suam
his

Rome

on-that

villam,
villa,

quae
which

tangeret
touched
(on)

viam.
the road.

Cur Why

neque
Mid-he neither

occurrit
'meet
villa,
villa,

ante,
(him) before,
(that)

ille

ne
in
in

resicleret
'be-seated

in
in
(his)

he 'might not

nee
nor

subsedit,
lay-in-wait,

eo
that

loco,
place,

quo
where

ille

he

venturus esset
was-to-come

noctu

bynight?

Yideo, judices,
I-see,

adhuc

omnia

constare
(that)

judges, (that) thus-far all-things are-consistent;

fuisse h-wa3

etiam
even
illi

utile advantageous

Miloni
for-Milo (that)

Clodium
Clodius

vivere,
should-live,

interitum
(Clodius)

Milonis
of-Milo

(but that) for-him

the death

(was)

optatissimum

ad

ea,

quae
in

concupierat
he-had-coveted;

the-most-desirable (in respect) to

those-things, which

odium
the-hatred

illius
of-that-one

acerbissimus
(was)
most-bitter

hunc,

against this-one, [Milo],

nullum

hujus

in
against

ilium,
that-one [Clodius], (that)

(but there was) no-hatred of-this-one

perpetuam
the constant

consuetudinem
habits

illius (and occupation) of-that-one (was)

in
in

vi
deeds

inferenda,
of- violence,

hujus
of-this-one

tantum in repellenda
only
illo
in

repelling

(them);

mortem
(that) death

ab
by

Miloni,
to-Milo,

was-denounced

that-one

et and

palam
openly

praedictam,
predicted,
(that)

nihil
nothing (of the kind) 'was

unquam auditum
ever
'heard

ex
(coming) from

Mil one
Milo;
(that)

diem
the day

profectionis
of-departure

hujus
of-this-onf

ORATIO PRO
nctuni
^as-kuzwn
:
:

T.

ANXIO MILOXE.
reditos

459
Dlhifi
;z-;ha;-on*

illi.
-:'_:.:-:::
':'.::

zha; the

lay

of-return

ignotum

fuisse vas-unknown

buic
to-;his-one:
zha;

hujus iter thejzurnev ::-::.i-:::

potius
razher

was)

neeessariuni,
necessary,
cut

illius
::-:a;.:-:ue

e::am
even

alienum
se

icccnvenien:

hunc
this- -ne

tulisse
l.re
illo

prae
Lef.re

se,
himself.
'

exiturum
se
:ha:

v -z'.y

declared." tha; he ^:uld-l<:

Roina
R.-uie

die.
day.
';.;;

ilium
;:,:;::

dissimulate,
had-dissenabled.

cu-;ha;

ha

die wouid-rerarn (to-Rome), on-that day ;

illo

rediturura.

hnnc
(that) this-one
l

mutasse
had-changed
(hie)

consilium
counsel
in

nullius
no

rei.
aiair.

~;ha; IMil

had

in

uz^-is; altered ;he

illv.iLi

finxisse
h..

lausam
:;

rh.a

a-

orazy"

;h;.:-.::e

d-frigae

a reason

(for)

mutandi
,

consili:
hi;

huic,
thaz

si
if

insidi&retur,
he-were-tvavhiving,
ill:.

:a

rlau

;;-;his-:ue.

nocteni
night

prope
Real

urbem
the city

expeetanduro,
hunc.
this-one.
i:

vas-to-be-waited-for, (but) to-that-one,

etiarosi
ai:a:;:ah
:

non timeret
he naiah; u
;z

tainen
ye;

nocmrnum
a

zha:

nzezarnal

accessum ad urbem
arartazh
z:

fuisse
was

lura.
tj-lte-ieurea.

the ci;v

20.
Let-us

Xunc
new

videamus
see

id.
that.

quod
w;a:

est
is

caput.

utri,
:
.

the-rriueural-zhina". f.r-~hieh- :f-:he-z~

fuerit tandem ~as really-in-dne

ille
that

locus
tlaze

ipse
itself

ubi
^ae:e

congressi sunt,
taey-naez.

aptior

ad
et and

insidias.
an;":

nazre-przper ::r

aszades,

Yero. judices.
Laz.
judges,
:

id
is

etiam dubirandum.
even
:

diutius
any
Longer

;ha:

t--be-doubzed.

BOgitandum est
fun d o
farm

Ante
il 1 a s
i

fundum
s

Clod::,

in

quo

propt er
;n-ace;uuz-ef

nsanas
fzelisn

I*

s: r

es

those

foundations

and trerara-

facile
lion of the

mille
a

valentium
strong

grtuad

::r

building

a-leasz

:a;usand

460

ORATIO PRO
rersahatur
were-employed
;
;

T.

ANXIO MILONE.
eclito

hominum
men
'of (his)

atque excelso
and
nigh

loco
ground

on-the-raised

adversarii,
Adversary,
x

Milo
did Milo

putarat
Uhink
(that)

se
he

fore
would-be

superiorem,
superior,
(or

have a

local

advantage)

et ob earn rem, and for that reason,

?

had

potissinmm elegerat eum locum ad pugnam

especially
'selected

an
or (that)

that

place

for

a flight?

potius expectatus est in

'he-was
rather

eo
that

loco
place

ab
by

eo,
him,

Vaited-for

in

qui who

cogitarat
had-thought

facere
to-make
loci.
place.

impetuin,
an attack,

spe
in-the-hope

(and confidence)

ipsius
of-that-samo

Res,
The-thing,

judices,
judges,

loquitur
speaks
(for)

ipsa,
itself,

quae semper valet plurimum.

which
always
avails

Si

non audiretis
*heard-of

much.

If *you-had not

h^ec
these-things
(as actually)

gesta,
performed,

sed
but

videretis
Lad-seen
(them)

picta,
delineated-in-a-picture,

tamen
yet-however

appareret,
it-would-appear,

uter
which-of-the-two

esset was
nihil
of nothing

insidiator,
the waylayer,

uter
which-of-the-two

cogitaret
might-be-thinking

mali,
evil,

quum
when

alter
the one

veheretur
was-riding

in
in

rheda,
a carriage,

paenulatus,
having-on-a-cloak,
(while his)

uxor
wife

sederet
sat

una.
together
(with him).
?

Quid
Which
of-

horum
these-things

non
(was)

not

impeditissimum

vestitus,
(his)

an
or
(his)

yehiculum
carriage

the most-einbarrassing?

dress,

an
or
fhis)

comes?
companion?

quid
what
(is)

minus
less

promptum
adapted

ad
for

pugnam,
fight,

quam
than

irretitus
.being-en tangled

psenula, impeditus
with-a-cioak,

hampered

rheda,
with-a-earriage, (and)

psene constrictus esset

nearly

uxore
by
(his)

bound

wifa

Videte nunc
{clinging
tc

ilium,
that-man, [ClodiusJ

prim urn
at-first

him;

Behold

now

ORATIO PRO
egredientem
coming

T.

ANNIO MILONE.
subito
;

461
vesperi
it-was-evening,

e
from
(his)

villa
villa

cur?
why?
qui

suddenly;

quid why

est
is

necesse
it

?
?

tarde
slowly;
?

convenit,
propriety

necessary

(with)

what

praesertim
especially

id
at-that

tempus
time
?

Devertit
He-turns-aside
?

in
to

Pompeii
Pompey's

villam,
villa,

ut
that

videret
he-might-see
;

Pompeium
Pompey
he-might-view
?

sciebat
he-knew
(that)

esse
he-was

in Alsiensi
in

ut
that

perspiceret

villain ?
the villa?

fuerat
he-had-been

Alsiensis;

in
in

ea
it

millies
a thousand-times;
;

quid
what

ergo
therefore

erat

mora
delay

was-it?

et and

tergiversatio
evasion
;

dum
till

hie
he
(Milo)

veniret,
came,

noluit
he-did-not-wi^

relinquere
to-leave

locum.
the place.

21.

Age
Well

nunc, comparate
now,

iter

expediti
Ille

compare

the journey 'of (this) 'unencumbered

latronis
robber

cum
with

impedimentis
the hinderances

Milonis.
of-Milo.

semper
always

He

antea
ea;
her;
(and)

cum
(his)

uxore
wife;

turn

sine
turn
(but)

before-this-time (travelled) with

then (he was) without

nunquam
never

nisi
unless

in
in

rheda;
a carriage;

in
on

then

equo.
horseback.

Graeculi
ibat,
he-went,
;

comites
(who always accompanied

(His) trifling-Greek attendants,

quocunque
him),

etiam
even

quum
when

properabat
he-was-hastening

wherever

in
in

Etrusca castra
the Etruscan

turn in
(but)

comitatu
retinue,

camp;

then

in (his)

(there were)

nihil
no

nugarum.
triflers.

Milo,
Milo,

qui who

nunquam,
never
(did so)

turn
then

casu

ducebat
(his)

uxoris
wife's

symphoniacos pueros,
music
boys,

by -chance had-with-him

et greges and crowds

ancillarum.
of-maid-servants.

Ille,

He, [Clodius]

qui duceret semper who had always

exoletos,
infamous-men, (and)

cum
with

se him

scorta,
prostitutes,

semper
always (with him)

39*

462
semper
always

OKATIO PRO

T.

ANNIO MILON*.
turn
then

lupas.
(with him)

neminem,
none,

nisi
unless

ut
a*

lewd-women,

diceres
yiu-ttiighf-say, (that)

esse
there was

virum lcctam
man
chosen

a bj

viro. man. [Thai

each

man had

selected his

companion

for a desperate enterprise.]

Cur Why

igitur.
therefore,

rictus est ? was-he-defeated?

a by a

Quia

viator
: ;

non semper
no*

Because the trareUei

occiditur
l

latrone,
the robber,
buf

nonnunquam etiam
sometimes
even

latro
the robber

killed

viatore

;
:

quia,
because,

quamquam
lough

Clodius
CI..'

ris

killed

by

the traveller

paratus
red

in imparatos.
(bad attacked those)
unprepared,
ZSTec

tamen
ye;
(it

was)

mulier
irhc

inciderat
encountered

in viros. men.

vero
indeed

erat Milo
was
Milo

Nor

unquaru
ever

sic
at

non paratus
unprepa:

contra
against

ilium. ut him (Clodius) that

satis
sufficiently

non
lie-might
not

esset
.

fere
(said to be)

paratus.
prep

nearly

(For)

Ille he

temper
Ivr^y^

cogitabat,
thought,

et
both

quantum
how-mneh
perire.
et and

interesset
hVwas-the-interest

P. Clodii.
of-P. Clodhis
that

se
he

(Milo) should-die,

quanto
et and

odio

esset

illi,

:_-"_:_

[and how much Clodius hated him

quantum
how-mneh
l

ille

auderet.
darel
(to do).

Quamobrem,
"Wherefore,

he

nunquam
'he nc

projiciebat
expc

suam
--- =

vitam,
-

quam
which

sciebat
he-knew

propositam maximis praemiis.

bras-exposed
fco-the-highest
price,

et

psene addictam, in
nea
:n

and

periculum,
danger.

?ine
without

praesidio,
a protection,

et and

sine
without

custodia.
a guard

Adde
%dd
to this]

casus,
chance,

adde
add

incertos
the uncertain

exitus
resull

pugnarum,
:-

rfttes,

que
t >\

communem Martem.
the ^ommon-fortune-of-war,

qui
which

srepe
ften

everrit
overthrows

ORATIO PRO

T.

ANNIO MILONE.
exultantem,
exulting

463
et

jam
already

spoliantem,
despoiling,

et and

(over the enemy), and

perculit
drives

ab
from
(his)

abjecto
prostrate
(foe);

adde
add

inscitiaru
the insufficiency

(him)

ducis
of-a-cuinmunder

oscitantis
(whc has been made) qui, who,
listless

(by having just)

pransi,
dined,

poti, (and indulged in) drink,

quum
when

reliquisset
he-had-left
(his)

hostem interclusum a
enemy
ejus
his
cut-off
in

tergo,
the rear,

cogitavit
thought

nihil
nothing

de
about

comitibus
attendants

extremis,
on-the-extreme (and surrounding parts),

in

among

ira, que desperantes vitam quos, incensos despairing (of ) the life of (their) excited by-anger, and whom,

domini,
master,

quum
when
iis

incidisset,
he-had-fallen,

hsesit
he-stuck-fast

in
in,

(and could not

poenis,
punishments,

quas
which

fideles
faithful

servi
slaves

escape from) those

expetiverunt
sought

ab
of

eo,
him,

pro
for

vita
the
life
J

domini.
of (their) 'master.

Cur Why
forsooth,

igitur
therefore

manumisit
did-he

manumit

eos ? them?

Metuebat
He-was-afraid

scilicit,

ne

indicarent,

ne
and that 'they-could

lest-that they-might-give-information (against him),

non
not

perferre
'support

dolorem,
pain,

ne cogerentur
and-lest-that-they-would-be-forced

tormentis
by-tortures

confiteri,
to-confess,
(that)

P. Clodium occissum esse

P. Clodius

a
by

was-killed

servis
the slaves

Milonis
of-Milo
?

in
on

Appia
the Appian

via.
road.

Quid

opus est
is

What need

there of
?
?

tortore
torture?

Quid
What

quseris

?
?

Ne
'Was-he not
?

occiderit
i

do-you-inquire-about

killed

Occidit.
He-was-killed.

Jure
Lawfully

an
or

injuria

Nihil
(This has)

unlawfully?

nothing

ad
'to

tortorem.

Enim
For

qnsestio

facti
\

ast in
belongs
to)

do with) the torturer.

the-question of-that-fac*

464
equuleo,
the torture,

ORATIO PRO

T.

ANNIO MILONE.
juris

in
(talonga to)

(the question)

of-the-lawfulness

judicio.
the-courts-of-justice.

22.

Quid
What

igitur
therefore
(is)

est
to-be

quaerendum
investigated

in

causli,
cause,

in (his)

agamus
we-will-treat-of

id
it

hie
here; id.
it.

quod
that-which

vis you-wish

in venire
to-find-out

tormentis,
by-tortures,

fatemur
we-confess

Si
If

potius
rather

vero quseris id,

indeed
inquire
that,

you

cur why

manu
he

miserit, manumitted

quam
(his slaves,)

than

cur why

effecerit he-gave-them

parum amplis
less

prsemiis,
rewards,

necis

reprehendere
qui semper who always
said

ample

you-do-not-know (how) to-find-fault-with

factum
the act

inimici.
of-an-enemy.

Enim M.
For

Cato,
Cato,

M.

(says)

omnia
ezery-thing

constanter
with-firmness

et and

fortiter,
forcibly,

dixit

hie idem, et
this

same,

and

dixit
he-said
(it)

in turbulenta concione, quae

in

tamen placata
was

est

a turbulent

assembly,

which however

stilled

hujus
l

auctoritate,
authority,
(that those slaves)

bj

his

qui defendissent who had-defended

caput

domini,

fuisse
were

dignissimos,
most-worthy,

non
not

solum
only

the-life-of (their) master,

libertate, sed
of liberty,

etiam
also
(of)

omnibus praemiis.
all

Enim quod
For

but

rewards.

what

preemium
reward

est
is

satis
sufficiently

magnum
great
'for

tarn
such
l

benevolis,
well-disposed,

tarn
such

bonis,
good,

tarn
such

fidelibus
faithful

servis,
slaves,

propter
through

quos whom

vivit?
he-lives?

Etsi

id

quidem
indeed

est
is"

non
not

tanti,
so-great
(if

quam
we
consider),

Although that

that

quod propter
because

eosdem,
the same-slaves,

non
'he did-not

satiavit
'satiate

mentem
the-mind

through

que oculis
and
eyes

crudelissimi
of (his) most-cruel

inimici,
enemies,

sanguine
with (his) blood

et
and

suis
his

vulneribus.
wounds.

Quos Whom

misi
unless

manumisset,
he-had-manumitted.

ORATIO PRO
conservatores
the preservers

T.

ANNIO MILONE.
ultores
the avengers

465
sceleris,
of crime,

domini,
*of (their) 'master,

defensores
the averters

necis,
*of (his) 'death,

dedendi fuerunt
would-have-to-be-surrenderel

etiani
even nihil,
nothing;

toruientis.
to-tortures.

Vero
But

hie,
he,

in
in

his

malis,

habet
has

these misfortunes,

quod
that

ferat
he-bears

minus moleste,
less

quam, etiamsi
(than this,)
that,

anxiously

although

quid accidat ipsi, any-thing might-happen to-himself,

tamen
yet

meritum premium
a merited

reward

persolutum esse
had-been-conferred
(on)

illis.

Sed
[the slaves].

qufestiones,
the examinations

them

But

quae
(of the slaves

nunc
Milonem.
against Milo.

habits sunt,
been-had,

in
in

by

torture,)

which have just now

atrio
the hall

Libertatis,
of-Liberty,
?

urgent
press-hard
?
?

De quibusdam
From
what

servis
slaves
?

Rogas
?

de
Quis

P.

Clodii,
Clodius,
?

Do-you-ask

from (the slaves) of P.

quis who

postulavit eos demanded them ?

Appius.
Appius.

produxit

Appius.
?

Who

brought- them-forth

Appius.

Unde
agi

Ab
From
severius
in
?
?

Appio.
the-house-of Appius.

Boni
Good
no nisi

Whence?

dii ! quid potest can gods! what

est
there-can-be

nulla

qusestio

lege

de
(of)

be-done more-severely

examination by-law

servis
slaves

dominum,
master,

de

ineestu,
incest,

ut
as

against (their)

unless concerning

fuit in Clodium. was the case (with) Clodius.

Clodius
Clodius

accessit

proximo
penetraret

has-approached most-nearly

deos,
to-the-gocls,

propius
more-nearly

quam
than

turn,
then,

quum
when

he-had-penetrated

ad

ipsos,

do
Bona
dea] concerning

unto them, [when he had violated the mysteries of

morte
violatis
the violated

cujus

quseritur

tanquam
as if

de

the death of-this-man an-investigation-is-had,

concerning

caerimoniniis,
sacred-rites.

Sed tamen
But
however

nostri
our

majores
ancestors

noluerunt
would-not

de servo
(allow) of

quaeri

in

dominum,
(his)

a slave to-be-examined against

master,

466 non
not

RATIO PRO
quia

T.

ANNIO MILONE.
non
not

verum

posset
could

inveniri,

sed

quia
becausa

because the truth

be-discovered, but

videbatur indignum,
it-seemed improper,

et and

tristius more-sad (and distressing) Ho

(their)

dominis, quani morte ipsa.

1

Quum
When

quaeritur

de

masters,

than

death

itself.

an examination-is made of

servo
the slave

accusatoris
of the accuser

in

reum,
erat,
was-it,

potest
can

verum
the truth

against the defendant,

inveniri?
be-discovered?

Vero
But

age,
come,

quae
what

aut
or

qualis how (was)

quaestio ?
the examination (conducted)
?

Heus
Holloa

tu,
you,
sis,

Rufio,
Rufio,

causa
for-the-sako

verbi
of-a-name [or example]

cave,
take-care,

if-you-please, (that)

^ou-do

(not)

mentiare.
'teli-a-lie.

Clodius fecit insidias Miloni?

Did Clodius
fecit.
lay snares
for

Milo

(should the

Crux
The
cross (is)

certa
sure
(to

slave answer) he-did.

be his punishment, but

fecit nullas.
should he say)
he-laid

Libertas
Freedom

sperata.
is-to -hoped-for.

Quid
What
abrepti

none.

(is)

certius more certain

hac
(than) this

quaestione.

Subito
a
possit
might

examination. They-are suddenly taken-ofF

in
for

qusestionem,
an examination,

tamen
areas,
cells,

separantur

ceteris,
others,

however they-are-separated from

et and

conjiciuntur
thrown

in
into

ne
lest

quis
any-one

colloqui
speak

cum
with

iis.

Hi quum

fuissent

centum
ab
by

dies

penes
accusatore.
accuser.

them.

These when they-had-been a hundred days in-the-power-of

accusatorem,
the accuser,

producti sunt,
are-brought-forward,

eo
that

ipso same

Quid potest
What
can

dici

integrius

hac quasstione?
examination?

be-said (to be) more-impartial (than) this

?
?

Quid
What
23.

incorruptius

more-incorruptible

Quod
Which
res
the thing

si
if

nondum
'you do

cernitis
l

satis
sufficiently (clear,)

not-yet

see-this

quum
tfhen

ipsa
itself

luceat,
is-manifest,

tot by so-many

tarn
such

claris
.

cleai

ANNIO MILONE.
argumentis que
proofs

467
per

signis,
indications,

reeordamini,
recollect,

and

(I entreat

you)

by

immortales
the immortal

aeos
gods;
(that)

Milonem
Milo

revertisse
had-returned

Rom am,
to-Rome,
crime,

pura

atque

integrli
irreproachable

mente, imbutum nullo scelere,

mind,
tainted

with-a-pure and

with-no

perteritum
terrified

nullo metu,
with-no-fear,

exanimatum
breathless-and-pale

nullS. with-no

concon-

scientiS

quae
what

ecientious-fear;

fuerit was

celeritas
the speed

ejus
of-his

reditus,
return,

qui who
quae
what

ingressus
entered

in
into

forum,

curiS,

ardente,
oratio.

the forum, the senate-house being-on-fire,

magnitudo animi, qui

greatness

vultus,

quae

Neque
Nor

of-mind, what a countenance, what an oration.

vero
indeed

commissit

se

solum
alone

populo,
to the people,

sed
but

etiam
also

did-he-commit himself

senatui,
to-the-senate,

neque
nor

senatui
to-the-senate

modo, sed etiam

only,

publicis
to-the-public

but

also

guards

praesidiis et armis, and arms,

neque his
nor
to-these

tantum, verum
only,

etiam
also

but-indeed

potestati
to-the-power

ejus,
of-him,

cui senatus to-whom the senate

commiserat
had-entrusted

totam
the entire

rempublicam,
republic,

omnem pubem
all

Italic,

cuncta
all

arma
the arras

the youths, of-Italy, (and)

Romani
(and forces)

populi
people;

of-the-Roman

cui to-whom

nunquam
'he- would

never

profecto
indeed

tradidisset
'have-given

nisi se, himself 'up, unless

confideret
he-trusted

suae
to-his

causae,
cause,

praesertim,
especially
(to

audienti
him),

omnia,
all,

metuenti
fearing

hearing

magna,
great-things,

suspicanti multa, credenti nonnulla.

suspecting

Magna
Great

many,

believing

some.

conscientiae, judices, et vis est judges, and the power of-conscience, is

magna
great

in
on

utramque
both

partem,
sides,

ut,
(either of guilt or innocence) so that,

qui
those-wh

commiserint
may-have-committed

nihil no

neque timeant,
(fault) do-rnot
fear,

et qui and tho?-e~wh

4t3S

OKATIO PRO
patent
ocbIos.
then
evf:
"is

T.

ANWIO MELONS.
semper
versari
'j

peccant.

pcenaru

resent

ante
re

Neque
always ready
:;

vero,
indeed,

wrertake the m]

>" :r

Bine

certa
a

ra::one,

causa
~as the cause

Milcnis semper
of Milo

without certain (and good)

always

probata est

senatu.
the senate.

Enim
Fot
:'..

sapientissimi
most-wise

homines
men
praesentiani defensionis.
of de:

videbant
saw

rationem
the season

faeti,
(and lawfulness)
of-

the-deed,

animi.
of mind,

constantiam
the constancy

(and perseverance)
illo
the

Yero
But

an,
'have you.

jndiees. obliti estis,

judges.
'forgotten,

nuntio
et opiniones, and opinions,

necis

Clodiame recenti.
(of]

sermones

announcement of-the-niurder

Clodius being-yet-rece:.

non mode
n::

inimicorum, sed etiam

'of (his)

onlj

'enemies,

but

also

nonnulloruin imperitorum?
of some

Xegabant,
They-.\.

inexperienced ^and ignorant persons)?

eum
he
[Milo]

reditui'um esse
would-return

Eomam.
to

Enim
For

sive
if-

Rome.

that

3set
he-i:

illud.
in

irato

ac

percito
excited
(state of.

animo,
mind.

ut
that

an angry and

incensus
inflamed

odio

trucidaret

inimicum, abitrabantur,
enemy,
they-thou _".::,

by-hatred he-had-killed (his)

eum
(that;

putasse

mortem P.
patria,
country,

Clodii

tanti.

he

woold-conskler Hie death f-P.

Clodius of-so-niueh-account,

ut

careret

a?quo
with-an-equal

animo
mind:
[that

that he -might- want (his)

he would

quum
eon:f. ite
;

explesset
he-had-satiated

suum odium
his

".

z~-

into banishment] since

hatred

:uine
::

inimici; etiam sive

his

voluisset

liberare

by-the-blood

enemyj

also

if

he-had-wished to-liberate

patriam
(his)

country

morte illius fortem by-the-d^ath of-that-man (Clodius, that he) a brave

quin,
but-that,

rirum
man

non lubitaturum.
'would not
'heed

quum

attulisset

when he-hai -brought

ORATIO PRO
kalutem reipublicae,
safety

T.

ANXIO M1LONK.
periculo,

469
le^ibus

suo

cederet
se

to-the-republic, by-his-own danger, he-would-submit to-the-lawa

aequo

animo
;

auferret

cum

sempitcrnam
everlasting

with-a-resigned mind; (that) he-would-carry with himself

gloriam
glory;

relinqueret
(and)

nobis fruenda
us

haec,

quae

would leave

to-enjoy those-things, which

ipse
ie-himself

servasset.
bai-preserved
(for us).

Multi etiam loquebantur talked also Many

ilia
those

Catilinam,
(concerning)
Catiline,

atque
and

portenta
monsters
(of-his-party, say-

" Erumpet,
ing, that)

occupabit
patriae."
his) country."

aliquem
some

locum,
place,

"He-will-break-out, he-will-occupy

(that)

faciet bellum he-may-make war (on

Miseros

cives,

miserable citizens,

interdum
(who)

meritos

optime

de
of

republica,
the republic,

in
in

sometimes having-deserved most-well

quibus, whom,
res,
deeds,

homines non modo obliviscuntur praeelarissimas

men
even
ilia

not

only

forget

the-most-renowned

sed
but

etiam suspicantur
suspect
(the most)

nefarias
nefarious
(designs)

Ergo

fuerunt falsa
were
false;

quae certe

exstitissent

Therefore those-things

which certainly would-have-been

vera, si Milo
true,
if

admisisset

aliquid,

quod
which

posset
he-could

non
not

Milo

had-committed any-thing,

honeste que vere defendere.

I

\nestly

and

truly

defend.

24.

Quid?
(But) what (more? how)

ut sustinuit,
that

quae
which

he-bore (those charges),

postea
afterwards

congesta sunt in
were heaped
on

eum
him

quae

perculissent

which would-have-struck-down

quemvis, etiam
any-one,

conscientia
sustinuit
!

mediocrium delictorum,
offences,

even
dii gods
!

with the consciousness of moderate

?

immor tales
immortal

immo
(them)
?

vero
indeed
(it

did-he-bear

yes

may

ut
&e said)
that

contempsit,
he-despised-them,

ac

putavit

pro
as

nihilo;
nothing
j

nd considered them

quae
which

neque
neither

nocens

maximo

animo,

neque
nol

a guilty-man with-the-most-resolute mind,

40

; ; ;

470
innocens,

ORATIO PRO

T.

ANNIO MILONE.
negligere

nisi fortissimus vir^ potuisset

the innocent-man, unless a very-brave

man,

could

have-neglected

Indicabatur

etiam multituclo scutorum, gladiorum,

of swords,

It-was-intiinated (that) even a-great-nuuiber of-shields,

frenorum,
of-bridles,

que pilor.um posse

aud
of-javelins

deprehendi,
be seized,

dicebant,
they-iaid,

could

esse
(that) there-was

nullum
no

vicurn,
street,

nullum angiportum
(or)

Id
in

no

alley

urbe,
the city,

in
in

quo
which 'there-was

non
not

domus
a house

conducta esset
'hired

Miloni
for-Milo:
(that)

arma
arms

devecta

Tiberi

were-carried-on the Tiber

in Ho

villam
(his) 'villa (of)

Oriculanam
0.

domus
(that his)

iculum

house

in Capitolino on the Capitoline

elivo referta
hill

was-filled

scutis
with-shields; (that)

omnia
all

plena
(places) were-full

malleolorum
cf-fire-brands

comparatorum ad incendia
prepared
for

urbis.

Haec
nee

non

the burning of-the city.

These things were not

solum delata, sed paene

only
reported,

credita,
believed,

repudiata sunt

but

nearly

nor were-they-repudiated

ante
[disbelieved]

quam
that

quaesita.
they-were-investigated.
*I

Equidem
indeed
;

before

laudabam incredibilem diligentiam Cn. Pompeii

'praised

sed
but

the incredible

diligence

of-Cn.

Pompey;
Too

dicam,
I-will-say,

ut

sentio,

judices.
judges.

Nimis

multa
many-th ugs
;

that (which) I think,

coguntur
are-made-necessary

audire,
to

hear [too
ii

many
do

things are required to be listened

neque
to],

possunt
can

facere
cui
to

aliter,
otherwise,

nor

those

quibus tota to-whom the whole

fuerit
it-

respublica commissa
republic
is

est,

etiam
e\*en

entrusted,

whom [Pompey]
nescio
I-know-not

was

Licinius,
(necessary that a certain)
Licinius,

qui, who, (but)

circo,
circus,

popa,
a-servant-and-attendant-on-the-sacrifices,

de
from

maximo
the great

[where he kept an eating and drinking house for slaves, and low people]

ORATIO PRO
auJiendus fuerit
should- be-heard;

T.

ANNIO MILONE.

471

(he stated, that)

servos Milonis, factoa slaves of Milo, made

sibi,
to-him,
(that)

ebrios
Irunk

apud
at

se,
his-house,

confessos esse
had-confessed

conjurasse
postea,
se

de interficiendo Pompeio, dein

killing

they-had-conspired (together) about

Pompey,

after

percussum esse
was-struck

gladio

ab uno de
one
of

illis,

(which), (that) he

with-a-sword by

them,

ne
lest

indicaret.
he-might-give-information.

Nuntiavit
(This) he-anr#unced

Pompeio
to

in
at

Pompey

hortos.
(his) country-seat.

Arcessor
I-am-called-for

in primis.
especially.

De
By

sententia
the advice

amicorum
y

defert
he-refers

rem

ad senatum. Poteram
the senate.

of (his)

'friends

the affair to

I-could

non, non
not,

exanimari
illius

metu, in tanta suspicione

such
a suspicion

but be-nearly-frightened-to-death by fear, in

custodis
guardian

mei

que

patriae,
country,

sed
but

(of the danger)

of-that

of-myself and

mirabar tamen,

credi
audiri,

popae,

I-wondered however, that-credit-should-be-given to-the-sacrificial-servant,

confessionem servorum
(that)

vulnus in
wound
in

the confession

of slaves

should-be-heard, (that) the

latere,
the side,

quod
which

videretur
seemed
(to

acii
be given by)

punctum,
ut
as

the point of a needle,

probari
fchould-be-taken

pro
for

ictu
the stroke

gladiatoris.
of-a-gladiator.

Verum,
But-truly,

intelligo,
I-understand,

Porapeius
Pompey
'acted

magis
more
r

cavebat,
with precaution,

quam
than

timebat,

non
sed
but

ea
those-things

solum
only

quae
which

that-he-feared (anything), not

timenda erant,
werc-to-be-feared,

omnia,
all-things (are to be

ne
guarded against),
lest

vos
you

timeretis
may-fear

aliquid.
something
[lest

you may have cause

for fear]

Nuntiabatur,
fortissimi
most-brat
j

domus

C. Caesaris,
Caesar,

clarissimi

et

Tt-was-reported, (that) the house of C.

a most-illustrious and

viri,

oppugnata per multas boras

was-assailed

noctis.

man,

during

many

hours of-the-night*

472

0RATI0 PRO
tarn

T.

ANNIO MILOISE.

Nemo,
No-one,

celebri

loco, audierat,
bad-heard
(it),

nemo

senserat
(it,

in so conspicuous a place,

no-one perceived

tamen
yet

audiebatur.
it-was-reported.

Poteram non
I-could

suspicari,
suspect,
(that)

Cn*
Cn.

not

Pompedum, virum praestantissima

Poinpey,

virtute

timidum
timid
;

man

of-most- distinguished courage (to be)

putabam
(and)

nullam
no

diligentiam
diligence

nimiam,
too-great,

I-thought (that)

(could be)

susceptS,
(in one)

tota
of) the

republica.
republic.

having-undertaken (the management

whole

Nuper
Lately

frequentissimo
in-a-very-full

senatu,
(meeting-of the)
senate,

in
(held)
in

Milonem Capitolio, senator inventus est, qui diceret who said Milo (that) the Capitol, a senator was found,
esse
was

cum
with

telo. a weapon [was armed].

Nudavit
He-bared

se
himself [by throwing

in
back his clothes] in

sanctissimo
the-most-holy

templo,
temple,

quoniam
because

vita
the
life

civis talis et viri, non et both of suck a citizen and (such) a man, did not

faciebat
procure

fidem,
(him) credit,

ut,
that,

eo
he

tacente,
being-silent,

res
the thing

loqueretur
might-speak

ipsa.

(for) itself.

25.

Omnia comperta sunt

All-things

have-been-found

(to be) false,

falsa atque insidiose insidiously and

ficta

quum tamen etiam nunc Milo

yet

metuitur.
is

devised,-

however

even

now

Milo

feared.

We-do

Non
not

jam
at-present

timemus hoc crimen

'fear

Clodianum,
Clodius,

this

accusation (respecting)

Bed
but

tuas,
yours,

Cn. Pompei,
Cn. Pompey,

(enim
*

jam
'I

appello
'address

(for

now

te, you,

et and

ea
with-such

voce,

ut

a voice, that

possis you-may

exaudire
hear

me)
me)

tuas,
your,

tuas,
your,

inquam,
I-say,

suspiciones
suspicions
si

perhorrescimus
we-shudder-at.

Si
If

times
you-fear

Milonem,
Milo,

putas

hunc
he

aut
either

nunc cogitare
now
meditates
(any-

if-you -think (that)

nefarie
hing)

de
concerning

tua
your

vita,
life,

aut
or that

aliquando
l

wickedly

he-eve*

OltATIO

PRO

T.

ANNIO MILONB.
si

478

molitum
^attempted

aliquid,
any- thing
(against your
life),

delectus
the-levying-of-troopa

if

(throughout)

tui Italic, ut nonnulli of-your Italy, as some

;

conquisitores
agents-to-enroll-troopi

dictitarunt
Capitolinae, si
the Capitol,
if

si
if

haec arnia.
these

si
if (these)

cohortes
cohorts
si
if

have-frequently-asserted;

arms,
si

(in)

excubiae,
(these)
sentinels,

vigiliae,

deleta
the chosen

if (these)

watchmen,

juventus,
j

ouths,

quse who

custodit
guard

tuurn
your

corpus
person

que domum,
and
house,

armata
are-armed
ilia

est

contra
against

impetum
an attack

Milonis
of-Milo

atque
and

omnia
all

sunt instituta, parata,

instituted,

intenta

in
against

hune
this

those-things are

prepared, (and) directed

unum,
one
(man), (there
is)

certe
certainly

in
in

hoc
him

magna
a great

vis power

et and

incredibilis
incredible

animus,
courage,

et vires and forces

atque
and
viri,

opes
weans
si
if

indicantur
are-indicated

non
not
(in the possession)

unius
of- one

quidem
indeed

et
both

man, et and

praestantissimus
the-most-eminent

dux,
general,

tota
the whole

respublica
republic

armata

est

in
against

hunc unum.
this

Sed quis
But

is-armed

one (man).

who

(is

there, that)

intelligit, does not understand, (that)

non

omnes partes
all

reipublicae, segras
feeble

the parts of-the-republic,

et labantes, tottering, and

commissas esse
were-committed

tibi,

ut

sanares
si
if

et

to-you, that you- might-heal and

confirmares
strengthen

his armis ? eas them by-these arms?

QuM
That

locus
an opportunity
tibi to-you

datus esset
had-been-given
ipsi.
yourself,
(that)

Miloni
to-Milo
x

profecto
he-had certainly

probasset
proved
fuisse was
sibi

neminem
no

hominem
man
te you

unquam
ever

cariorem
more-dear

homini,
to-man,

quam
than

se
he

(were)

to-himself; (that)

unquam
at-any-fime

fugisse nullum periculum

avoided

pro
for

tu&
(promoting)

no

danger

vouf

40*

474
digmtate
it

ORATIO PRO
se
/'that j

T.

ANXIO MILONE.
contendisse
contended

ssepissime
'very-often

cum
with

illS
that

'he had

ipsa
game

tcterrirna
most-foul

peste,
pest

pro
for

tua
your

gloria
glory
;

suum
(that)

hia

tribunaiura,
tribune-

gubernatum
governed

tui.s

consilii3,
counsels,

hy-your

(was directed, tibi

to-you;
(that)

ad
to

meam
my

salutern,
safety,

quae fuisset carissima

which

was

most-dear

se
he

postea

defensurn
'defended

a
by

te,

Sm

afterwards

you,

(when he wae)

in
in

periculo
danger

capitis,
'of (his;
'life,

[of conviction for a capital offence,]

adjutum
(that)

in petitions
|

prseturse

he-w

(by you)

in

seeking

the pratorship; (that)

se
'he

semper sperasse habere duos amieissimos,

always
'hoped
to-have

two

most-friendly (to himself),

te tuo beneficio. you (on account ofj^our benefits (conferred on himself j,

me
me
(on ac-

suo.
count of)
hi

Quae
rendered
to me).

si
if

non
'he-had not

"Which

probaret,
'proved,

si
if

ista
this

suspicio
suspicion

ita
'had so

penitus inhaesisset,
deeply
si
if

'taken-root,

ut
that

posset
it-could

nnllo rnodo
in-no

evelli,
be-eradicated,

denique Italia
in-fine

wise

Italy

nunquam conquietura
'was
'to-rost

esset

a
from (these)

delectu,
levies-of-;-oldiers

urbs
(nor) the city

ab
from

armis,
arms,

sine
without

clade
the destruction

Milor:is,
of-Milo,

use
certainly

hand
he
is,

dubitans
ita,
(to

ces

without

hesitating would-have-departed 'from hig

patria,
'country,

he,

qui who

natus est
'was-born

do; so,

consuevit et and was-accustomed-to-do

te you

ita
bo*

tamen
bowerex

antestaretur
he-would-have-called-on

Magnt,
(to witness)

Magnus,

quod
f

nunc etiam
'he

facit.
l

U>*t he was innocent;,

which

now

also

20.

Vide,
be.,

quarn
how

varia,
various,

quo
and

commntabilfc
changeable

ratic
the course

ORATIO PRO
vita?,
of-life,

T.

AKNIO MELONS.
fortuna,
(is)

475
quanta
what

qua in
bow

vaga
uncertain

que volubiiis
and
Inconstant

fortune,

infidelitates in
faithlessness
in

amicitiis,
friendships,

quam
what

simulationes
dissembling

aptse
suited

ad
to

tempus, in periculis, quanta? fugae

the times,
in

proxirnorum,
of-relatkms-aud-friends,

dangers,

what

desertion

quanta^
what

timiditates.
timidity.

Erit,
There-wiii-be,

erit
there-will-be

profeeto
eertaiuly

tempus.
a time,

et and

ille
that

dies
day
'will

aliquando
at-some-timo

illucescet,
'appear,

quuui
when

tu,
you,

tuis your

rebus, at spero,
affair,

salutaribus,
being-prosperous,

sed forcasse
but

as

I-hope,

perhaps

aliquo
by-some

motu
commotion

ternporum
of-the-times

communiura
common
experti
'we-experieuced
(to

(qui
them]
(which

quam
now
scire) to-know)

erebro
often

accidat,
it-uiay-happen,

debemus
'ought

desideres
yoa-may-want

et both

benevolentiam
the-good- will

amicissimi,

of-the~dearest-friend,

et and

fidem
the good-faith

gravissimi
of-a-inost-dignihed (and influential)

hominis,
man,
viri.

et and

magnitudinem
the greatness

animi
of-mind

unius
of-oue

fortissimi
of-the-bravest

post
sinee

men.

homines na tos.
men
were-born.

Quam quam
[The bravest

man
Cn.

that ever lived.]

Although

eredat hoe, quis would-believe this, who

publiei juris,
(in)

Cn. Pompeium, peritissimum

(that)

Pompev,

most-skilled

moris

majorum,
[and]

denique
in-fine

public

law,

the customs K^f (our) 'ancestors,

pnblicse
(in)

rei,
affairs,

quum
when

senatus
the senate

commiserit
bad-entrusted

ei,

public

to-him,

lit

videret

" ne respublica
the republic

caperet
should-reccive

quid
any
(thing of)

that he-should-see "lest

detrimenti"
injury"

quo
by-whieh

uno versieulo
one
short-line

consules
the consuls

semper
were

always

satis
sufficiently

armati fuerunt, etiam nullis armis

'armed,

datis,
being-given

even

no

arms

hune
\to

them), (that)

he (having)

exereitu, an army (given him),

hunc
(that)

he

'having

476
delectu

ORATIO PRO

T.

AftNi.0

MILONE.
exspectaturum

dato,
granted
(him),

a levy-of-soldiers

would-wait

fuisse judicium,
for the-decision-of-a-court,

vindicandis
in-punishing

consiliis
designs-of-that

ejus, man,

qui who

tolleret
would- destroy

vi by -force
est,

judicia
the courts

ipsa?
themselves?
It

Satis
was
sufficiently

judicatum
decided

a Pompeio,
by
Pompey,

satis

ista

sufficiently-so (that) these-charges

*were

falsely

falso conferri in brought against

Milonem,
Milo,

(and by Pompey),

qui who

tulit legem, qua brought-forward thn law, by-which

ut
as

ego sentio
I

opporteret
it-was-necessary

think

Milonem
(that)

absolvi

a vobis,
you,
(and)

ut
as

omnes
all

Milo

should-be-acquitted by

confitentur
confess

liceret.
It-might-be-allowed
(for

Vero quod
him
to

be

so).

But
illis

as

sedet
he-sits

in
in

illo
that

loco,
place,

atque
and

circumfusus
surrounded

copiis
forces

by-those

publicorum praesidiorum,
of-public

satis
'he sufficiently

declarat,
'declares, (that)

se
he

guards,

non
'does

inferre
'bring
illo,

terrorem
fear

vobis
to-you

(enim
(for

quid minus
what
less

not

dignum
worthy
(of)

qu&m
than

cogere,

ut

vos condemnetis
you should-condemn
et
both

him,

to-force (you), that

eum,
him,

in
on

quern whom

ipse
he-himself

posset
could

animadvertere,
inflict-punishment,

more
esse
(that this)
is

majorum,
ut
(to

according-to-the-customs 'of (our) 'ancestors,

et suo jure) sed and by-his right) but intelligatis you-may-understand (that)
libere,
freely,

presidio
for-a-guard

you) that

licere
it-is-allowed

vobis
you

judicare
to-pronounce-your-judginent

quod
aa

sentiatis,
you-think,

contra illam concionem

against
that

histernam.
(of)

meeting

yesterday.

27.

Nee vero
Nor
indeed 'does,

judices,

crimen

Clodianum

judges, the accusation concerning Clodius

xnovet me, nee

*move

sum
am-I

tarn
.

demens,
foolish,

que tarn ignarua

and
so

me,

nor

so

ignorant

0RATT0 PRO
atque
and

T.

ANNIO MILONE.

471

expers

vestri

sensus, quid sentiatis

opinion,

devoid (of knowledge) of-your

what
si
if

you-think

de
ita
o

morte
diluere
liceret

Clodii.

De
ut

qua,
dilui,

nollem jam
I-would-not

concerning the death of-Clodius.

Concerning which,

now
yet

crimen,

tamen
it),

do-away (with) the accusation, as I-have-done-away (with

Miloni palam
Milo
openly

clamare

impune,

ac

It-Tfould-be-allowed

to-exclaim with-impunity, and

gloriose
boastingly

mentiri
to-tell-an-un truth
:

" Occidi, occidi, non Sp. " I-have-killed, I-have-kilied, not Sp.
levanda
(the price of)

Mselium,
Maalius,

qui who

(attempting, or) being-about-to-lower

annona,
provisions,

que
and

jacturis
at-the-expense 'of (his)

familiaris
private

rei,

quia
in
under

fortune, because

videbatur
he-seemed
(as)

ampleti

plebem
regni,

nimis,
too-much,

incidit
he-fell

having-favoured the people

suspicionem appetendi
suspicion

non

Ti.
Ti.

Gracchum,
Gracchus,

of-seeking royalty-and-power, not

qui who
sedition,

abrogavit
abrogated

magistratum
the magistracy
(of his)

collegae
colleague

per
by

seditionem, interfectores
the slayers

quorum impleverunt
of-whom
filled

orbem
the whole

terrarum
world

gloria
dicere,
to-speak,

sui

nominis
name;

sed
but

eum (enim
him
(for

with-the-renown of-their

auderet
he-might-dare

quum
since

liberasset
he-had-saved
(his)

patriam
country

suo
by-his-own

periculo)
danger)

eujus
whose

nefandum
infamous

adulterium
adultery

in
in

sanctissimis
the-most-holy

pulvinaribus,
shrines,
;

nobilissimae
most-noble

feminae women

comprehenderunt
detected;

eum,
him,

cujus
'by whose

supplicio, senatus
'punishment, the senate 'had

Bsepe
often

censuit,
'decreed, (that)

sollemnes religiones
solemn

expiandas;
dixit
said
(that)

religious-rites ought-to-be-expiated;

eum,
him,

quern whom

L.
L.

Lucullus
Lucullus

juratus,
having-sworn*

se
he

comperisse,

fecisse

nefarium stuprum cum

a nefarious
incest

had-discovered, (that) he-had-committed

with

478

0RATI0 PRO
sorore,
sister,

T.

ANNIO MILONE.
qusestionibus
an examination (of her siives)

germana
his-own

habitis
having-had

eum,
;

him,

qui who

exterminavit,

armis

servorum,
of-slaves,

civem,
a citizen

had-driven-into-exile, by-the-arms

quern senatus, quern

[

Romanus
the

populus, quern
people,

vicero],

whom
nations

the senate,

whom
(to be)

Roman

whom
urbis
of-the-eity,

omnes gentes judicarant

all

conser valorem
the preserver

had-judged

ac
and

vitse
of-the-life

civium

;
;

eum,
him,

of-the-citizens

qui who

dedit

ademit

gave (and) took-awaj

regna,
kingdoms, (and who)

partitus est
divided

orbem terrarum
the

cum
with

world

quibus whom
in
in

voluit

eum,

he-pleased; him,

qui, plurimis csedibus factis who, many murders being-committed

foro,
the forum,

compulit
drove

domum
to-his-house

vi
by-force

et armis civem and arms a citizen

singulari virtute et
[Pompey] (distinguished) 'by
(his)

gloria
renown:

lingular

bravery

and

eum,
him,

nihil fuit cui to-whom nothing was

unquam
ever

nefas, nee in facinore

forbidden, either in

crime

nec
or

in
in

libidine
lust;

eum,
him,

qui who

incendit
set-fire

aedem
to-the-temple

Nymph arum,
of-the-Xymphs,
of-the-census

ut
that

exstingueret
he-might-destroy

publicam
the public

memoriam
records

recensionis impressam
impressed

publicis

tabulis;

eum
him

denique.
in-fine,

on-the-public tablets;

jam cui to-whom now there-was

erat

nulla
no
;

lex,
law,

nullum
no

civili -jus,
civil

right,

nulli no

termini
boundaries

possessionum
of-possessions;

qui who

petebat
sought
(to

obtain possession cf)

fundos
the landed-estates (of)

alienos,
others,

non
vindiciis

calumnia,

not by-the-quirks-and-chicanery

litium,
f-law-suits,

non
not

injustis

ac
inferendis
advancing

by-unjust legal-processes-and-claims an i 'by (unjust)

Bacramentis, sed
oaths,

but

castris, by-camps,

exercitu,
by-an-army, (and)

signis
the standards; [by military attacks]

qui who

conatus est
endeavoured

pellere
to-drive-from

CTRATIO Pl;0 T.

ANMO
que
and

MILC^L,
castris, camps,

47S
nj>n
not

possessionibus. armis
/their)

solum
only

possessions,

by-arms

Etruscos
the Btrariaiis

(enim
(for

penitus contempserat eos), sed

'he entirely

'despised them),

but

(also)

hunc T. Yarium, fortissiinum atque optimum

this

civem
citizei.

P.

Varius,

a most-brave

and

most-excellent

nostrum
(and)

judicem
judge
(in this cause);

our

qui peragraba* who travelled-through

villas
the villas

que
and

liortos
gardens

mulrorum
of-many

cum
with

architects
architects

et and

decempedis
en-feet-measuring-rods;

qui who

terminabat
bounded
et

spem
the hopes
;

suarum
of-his

possessiontun
possessions

Janiculo

Alpibus
the Alps;

by-the-Janicuium and

qui. who,

quum
when

non
l

impetrasset
'obtain

ab
from

M.
M.

Paconio,
Paconius,

splendido
an illustrious

he-could not

et forti and brave

Romano
Roman
Prilio,
Prilius,

equite.
knight,

ut
that

venderet
he-would-sell

sibi

insulam
the island

him

in
in

lacu
lake

repente
suddenly

convexit
conveyed

in
to

earn
that

insulam
island

lintribus materiem,
in boats

calcem,
lime,

crementa,
small-stones-for-building,

arma,
and tools,
alieno,

timber,

non dubitavit extruere

*he-did not
'hesitate

fedifieium
a house

in

to-build

on another-man'j

que

domino

trans

ripam
cui

inspectante
looking-on
;

(ground), and the proprietor on the opposite shore

qui who

huic T. Fnrfanio,
(dared to say)
to this

viro?

immortales
immortal

T.

Furfanhu, to-whataman?

dii ; gods

fenim
;

(but

quid why
Seantia,
Seantia,

ego
'should I

dicam
de
est

de
adolescente
young-man

'mention (any thing) concerning

muliercula the woman

quid why (anj

of-whom

thing) concerning the

P. Apinio
P.

utrique
both

quorum minatus

mortem,
death,

Apinius?

he-threatened (with)

nisi

eessissent

possessione
l

hortorum
f (their) 'gardens
si
t':iat) if

sibi),
to-hiinsdf),

unless they abandoned the possession

Bed ausus est dicere Fnrfanio

but

non iedisset
'he-did not
l

he-dared

to-say

to-Furfanius

"gn^

480
fiibi

OEATIO PRO
pecuniam,
money,

T.

ANNIO MILONE.
poposcerat,
he-might-have-asked-for, (that)

quantam
as-much-as

se
ha

him

illaturum
would-carry

mortuuni
a dead-body

in
in

ejus
his

domum,
house,

qua
by-which

invidia odium

conflagrandum esset
l

tali huic viro a flame (of indignation) 'would-break-out against-such a man (as) this;

qui
who

dejecit
turned

Appium
Appius
(his)

absentem fratrem, hominem

absent
brother,

man

conjunctum mihi
united

fidissima

gratia, de possessione

to-me by-the-most- faithful friendship, from the possession

fundi; qui instituit ducere parietem

'of (his)

sic
so

per
through

farm

who determined
sororis,

to-run

a wall

vestibulum
the vestibule

agere
(and)
to-lay

fundamenta
the-foundation

'of (his) 'sister's (house),

sic,
so,

ut

non modo privaret

only
'deprived
(his)

sororem
,,

vestibulo,
vestibule,

that 'he not

sister (of her)

sed
hut

omni aditu
(of)
"

all

access (to)

limine. et and entrance by the threshold

(of her house)/'

28.

Quamquam
Although

hsec
these-things

videbantur
appeared

jam quidem
then

indeed

(as)

tolerabilia,
tolerable,

aequabiliter irruebat etsi equally 'attacked although 'he

(and violently

in
rushed) (against)

rempublicam,
the republic,

in

privatos,

in

(against) private-persons, (against)

lcmginquas,
those-at-a distance,

in
against

propinquas,
neighbours (and those near),

in
against

alienee
strangers,

in

suos
;

(and) against his-ovvn (relations)

sed nescio quomodo but I-know-not how

incredibilis
the incredible

patientia
patience

civitatis
of-the-state

jam
quae

obduruerat

'had then 'become-hardened

et percalluerat usu. by-use. callous and

Vero

jam

But (those things) which 'were already

aderant,
'present,

et and

impendebant,
impended
(over you),

quonam
in-what

modo
manner

potuissetis
could-you

aut
either

depellere
repel

aut
or

ferre
bear

ea

Si
If

ille

them?

he

nactus esset
had-obtained-possession
(of)

imperium, omitto
the empire,

I-omit (and say nothing. of our)

ORATIO PRO
socios,
allies,

T.

ANNIO MILONE.
reges,
kings,

481
;

exteras
foreign

nationes,
nations,

tetrarchas
and
tetrarchs;

enim
for

faceretis
ycu-would-have-made

vota,
vows, [you would have wished] Hhat-he- woula

potius immitteret
rather

se
(his)

in eos,
them,

quam
than

in vestras
to

liave-turned

'attention to

youi

possessions,

possessiones, vestra tecta, vestras pecunias your houses, your money;

pecunias
money

dico

?
?

medius
may
effrenatas
unbridled

fidius,

nunquam

cohibuisset
'have-restrained

do-I-say

Jupiter help me, 'he-would never

suas
his

libidines
lusts

liberis, et a a from (your) children, and from (your)

conjugibus.
wives.

Putatis
Do-you-think

hsec

fingi,

(that) these-things are-feigned,

-quae which

patent,
are-evident,

quae sunt nota omnibus, quae tenentur? which are known to-all, which are-held
he

(in

ilium conscripturum fuisse, in

our memory)? (was
it

not, that)

was-about-to-raise,

in

urbe, execitus servorum, per quos

the city,

possideret

totam

armies

of-slaves,

by

whom

he-might-possess the entire

?

rempnblicam, que privatas res omnium

republic,

Quamobrem,
Wherefore,

and the private fortunes

of-all?

si
if

T. Annius
T.

lenens
holding

omentum gladium
a bloody

clamaret
had-cried-out:

Annius

sword

" quseso
" I-entreat (yoa)

cives
citizens
;

adeste
draw-near

at que and

audite
hear
(that)

P.
F.

Clodium
Clodius

interfeci

ejus
his

furores,
furious-deeds,

quos
nullis by-no

jam
judiciis,
courts,

has-been-killed;

which heretofore

poteramus
we- could

frenare
restrain

nullis by-no

legibus,
laws,

repuli
I-fc

a vestris cervicibus,
necks,

hoc ferro
by-this

ave-repelled from your

sword

et hac and by-this

5

dextera,
right-hand,

ut
that

per
by

me unum,
me
alone,

jus,
right,

9equitag
equity,

leges,
laws,

Ubertas,
kiberty,

pudor,
modesty, (and)

pudicitia
chastity

manerent
remains

in civitate,"
in

the city,"

vero
but

timendum

esset

quonam
in

modo
manner

it-would-have-to-be-feared (by Milo)

what

41

482
civitas
"he city

0RATI0 PRO
ferret
would-bear

T.

ANNIO MILOSTE.

id

Enim nunc
(announcement)
?
!

this

For

now

quis who

esty
is-ther^

qui who
qui,
who,

non probet
'does not

Approve?

qui who

non laudet ?
!

does not

praise (what has been dene)?

post
since

memoriam hominum,
the

non
Moes not

et
both

dicat
*saj

memory

of-man,

et and

sentiat
think
*(that)

T.
T.

Annium unum
Annius
alone

pluriraum profuisse
Mid very-great
l

service

reipublicse,
to-the-republic, (and)

affecisse
to-have-affected

Romanum
the

populum,
people,

Roman

cunctam
all

Italiam,
Italy,

omnes
(and)
ail

nationes
nations

maxima
with-the-greatest

laetitia ?

Non queo judicare, quanta

I

fuerit

ilia

joy?

am

not

'able

to jndge,

how-great may -have-been that

Vetera gaudia
old

Romani
of-the-Roman

populi.
people.

Tamen
Although

nostra setas
our
age

joy

jam
*has already

vidit
x

clarissimas
the-most-celebrated

victorias
victories
f

summorum
of-the-greatesl

seen

imperatorum,
commanders,
(yet)

nulla

attulit none of-these-victories brought

quarum

neque
either

tarn
such

diuturnam,
lasting,

nee
or

tantam
such-great

laetitiam.
joy.

Mandate
Commit

hoc
these

memoriae, judices.
to-memory,
judges.

Spero

vos,

que vestros liberos

your
children
;

I-hope (that) you, and

visuros esse multa

may-see

bona

in republica

many
singulis
each-one

good-things (and happy days); in

iis,
(of) these-things,
x

the republic;

in
as-respects

semper
you-will always

ita
so

existimabitis,
*think,

P.
(that) P.

Clodio
Clodio

vivo,

visuros fuisse

being-alive, you-would-have-seen

nihil

eorum.

Adducti sumus in maximam spem,

We-have-been-led
to

nothing of-them.

the greatest

hope,

et ani

quemadmodum
as

confido,
I-confide,

verissimam,
a most-true-hope, (that)

hunc ipsura
this

same

innum, hoc ipso

year,
this

summo
eminent

viro

consule,
(Pompey
(being)
consul,

same

man

licentia
the- licentiousness

hominum
<jf-men

compress^,
being-repressed, (evil)

cupiditatibug
desirei

OUATIO PRO
fractis,
oeiDg broken-and-put-down,

T.

ANKIO MILONB.
et

483

legibus
the laws

judiciis
courts

and

'being (fully)

constitutis,
Established (in their authority),

fore
that-it-would-be

salutarem
a salutary

(daj)

civitati.
for-the-state.

Est
hoc
that this

num

quis

igitur

tarn
so

demens,
foolish,

qui,
whc,

Is-there then

any-one therefore

arbitetur

potuisse
could

contingere,
happen
(or be obtained),

P.
P.

may

think

Cloclio
Clodius

vivo

Quid
What?

quod jus perpetuae possessionis

what right of-perpetual
possession

being-alive?

potuissent
gould

ea

habere, quae tenetis

have,

privata
(as) private
?

those things

which you-hold

(property)

atque
and

vestra,
your-own,

furioso
this frenzied

homine dominante
man
lest

ruling?

29.
x

Non
I-do not

timeo, judices, ne inflammatus

'fear,

odio,
by-hatred,

judges,

inflamed

mearum
(arising from)

iniruicitiaruru,
enmities,

videar
I-may-seem

evomere
to-vomit-forth

my-own
in
him

hose

ilium libentius,
more
freely,

quam
than

verius.
truly.

Etehim
For

these-charges against

etsi although

meum
my

odium
(of

debebat esse
him)
ought
to-be

praecipuum,
a principal thing,

hatred

tamen
(on account of the
ille

many and

great injuries he inflicted on me), yet-however

erat

he

communis hostis ita was so-much the common enemy

versaretur
paene
nearly
to-be

omnium,
of- all,

ut-

that

(my own

sequaliter
equally
(shared)

in
in

hatred seemed)

coinmuni
the general

odio.
hatred.

Potest
It-can

non
not

satis

dici,

ne

*be suflieiently Expressed, nor

quidem
indeed

cogitari,
imagined,

quantum
exitii.

fuerit

sceleris
of-wickedness

in illo,
in

how-much there-was

him,

quantum
how-much
judices. O judges.

Quin
But

sic

attendite,

(there was) of-destruction-and-ruin.

thus pay-attention,

Nempe
For-certainly

haec
this

est
is

qiuestio
an-investigation

de
concerning

interitu P. Clodii.
the death
of-P. Clodius.

Fingite
Imagine
l

animis (enim nostras

in (your) 'minds
(for

our

484
cogitationes
thoughts

ORATIO PRO

T.

ANNIO MILONE.
et and

sunt liberie,
are
free,

quse

volunt
l

sio
they so

that-whieh they-wisli

intuentur, ut
fingite
form

cernimus,
cogitatione
thoughts
si
if

ea

quse videmus),
which-we-see^

^contemplate, that we-distinguish-and-knoTv tnose-things

igitur
therefore 'by (your)

imaginem
the image

hujus
of-thia

meae my
you-acquit

conditionis,
condition,

possim
I-could

efficere,
effect
(this),

ut
that

absolvatis
revixerit.

Milonem,
Milo,

sed
but

ita

si

P. Clodius
P. Clodius ?
?

so and-provided-that

Vultu
By
(your) countenance

quid
what

extimuistis
have-you-feared

ehould-again-live.

Quonam modo
[Why
ille
is

fear depicted in

your countenances.]

In-what

manner 'would

vivus
alive

afficeret
Effect

vos,
(and move)
you,

he

quos whom
inani

mortuus
he-being-dead

pcrcussit,
l

cogitatione

has (so)

Struck

(and disturbed you) by-the-mere

?

thought

Quid
(of

si
if

Cn. Pompeius
Cn. Poinpey

ipse,
himself,

him)?

What?

qui est ea who is such

virtute

ac

fortuna,
by-fortune,

ut
that

semper
'he-was always

potuerit
'able
(to do)

by-courage and

ea,
those-things,

quae
which

nemo,
no-one,

prater
except

ilium,
him,
(could d
)),

si
if

is, he,

inquam, potuisset
I-say,

aut
either

ferre
institute

questionem
ab
from

de
inferis,
the dead,
?

could

an investigation concerning

morte
the death

P. Clodii,
of-P. Clodius,

aut exeitare ipsum

or
raise

him

uterum
Etiamsi
Although

putatis

potius facturum fuisse

'have-done?

which-of-the-two do-you-think 'he-would rather

propter
on-account

amieitiam
propter

vellet

evocare ilium
to recall

of-friendship he-might- wish

him

ab
from

inferis,
death,
(yet)

rempublicam
of-the-republic

non
'he-would
not

on-account

fecisset
J

Igitur
(it).

sedetis
you-sit
(as)

ultores
avengers

ejus
of-his

mortis,
ieath

have-done

Therefore
si
if

cujus
whos

vitam,
>ife

puteis,
you-thought, (that)

posse
it-could

restitui
be-restored

per
by

ORATIO PRO
cos,
foa,

T.

ANNIO IIILONE.
et and

465
ejus
his

nolitis. you-would-not (restore

de
::r.oerning

nece
deata

it),

qurestio
an investigation

lata
is

est,
instituted

[bylaw),
g

qui who
lex

si
if

posset
he could

revivescere
revive

eadem
by-the-same

lege,
law,

the law

'would-kavs

nunquam
Lever

lata e^set.
Mbeen-passedL
si
if
:

Xe
Should
then

ergo
therefore

interfector
the slayet

hujus,
of-this-inan,

esset
he-vr r :e-i:,

timer et
feai

prenam,
punishment.,
?

in confitendo,
in

confessing,

ab
from

iis.

quos
im

liberavisset
he-had-fre-

Homines
The men
iis
(of)

Grteci
Greece
viris.

th

tribuunt
grant

honores
the honours

deorum
of-the-gods

to-those

men,

qui who

necaverunt tyrannos.
tyrants.

Quae
What

ego
'have I
(not)

vidi
'seen

Athenis?
at-Athens?

quae in aliis urbibus Graeciae? quas diviaaa

what
in

res
ceremonie-a
?

other

eities

of

Greece?
viris
?

what

divine

institutas
bave-been-insiku:e
1

talibus
for-sueh

quos

cantus
songs 1

qua
ad
to

men?

carmina

?
l

Prope
They-are
nearly

consecrantur
'consecrated

et

religionem

et and [k

memoriam
the

immorralitatis.
of-immortality.

memory

]TLey are

Vos non modo

almost honoured
as g: Is.]

(And) "do-yon

not

only

afficietis (not) 'reward

conservatorem
the preserver

tanti
of-so-great

populi, a people, and

ultorem
sed
but
?

tanti
etiani
'do-you even

the avenger of-such-a-great

Bceleris

nullis

honoribus,
honours,

patiemini
'sufe:
oioo

rapi
to-be-carried-off

ad suppliciuru
to

Confiteretur,
He-would-confess,

punishment?
fecisset. he-had (done

confiteretur,
be-would-eonfess,

inquam.
I-say,

si
if

et
it),

magno
with-a-grea;

and

animo
mini
iibertatis

et and

libente.
willingly,
(that)

se
he

fecisse had-done

causa
[it]

for-the-sake

omnium.
of-all,

quod
which

esset
was

non
not

modo
only

>f-the- liberty

41*

486

0RATIC PRO
ei

T.

ANNIO MILONE.

confitendum
to-be- confessed

verum
but-indeed

eti&m
evea

by-him

praedicandum,
to-

be-proclainied.

30.

Etenim
For
nisi
unless

si
if

non negat
'he-does not

id,
it,

'deny

petit ex quo from which he-seeka

fateri to-avow
?
?

nihil,
Dothing,

at

ignoscatur,

dubitaret
laudis
of-praise

that he-inay-be-pardoned, would-he-hesitate

id.
that,

ex
for

quo
which

etiam
even

prsemia
the reward

petenda essent
were-to-be-demanded

nisi
unless

vero

putat
(it)

esse
to-be

gratius
more-grateful

vobis,

se

indeed he-may-think

to-you, (that) he

fuisse
'should-be

defensorem
the defender

sui
of-his-own

capitis,
life,

quam
than the (defender)

vestri
of-you;

quum
when
esse
to-be
;

praesertim,
especially,

in
in

ea
that

confessione,
confession,

si
if

velletis
you-desire

grati,
grateful,

assequeretur
he-would-attain-to

amplissimos
the-most-ample

honores
honours;

si
if

factum
the deed
x

non
were not

probaretur
l

vobis,
by-you,

approved-of

(quamquam
(however

probari, cuiquam, sua qui poterat non any-one, (for) his could not (but) approve, who

salus)
safety)

sed
(obtained through him)
?

si
if

tamen
however

virtus
the virtue

but

fortissimi
f-a-very-brave

viri

cecidisset

minus grata
little

man

had-fallen-out (but)

agreeable

'to (his

fellow)

civibus,
^citizens,

magno que
*he with-a-great

constanti animo
constant

cederet

ex

and

mind 'had-departed from

civitate. ingrata city. an ungrateful

Nam
For

quid esset

ingratius, quam what could-be more-ungrateful, than

ceteros
(that)

laetari,
should-rejoice,

eum solum
(and that)
?

lugere,
should-griev*^

others

he

alone

propter quern ceteri laetarentur rejoice? whom others through

Quamquam
Although
'we

semper
alway

fuimus
'were

omnes
all

hoc
in-this

animo,
mind
(and opinion, that)

m
in

opprimendis proditoribus
witting- down
traitors
'to (their)

patriae, ut quoniara
Country, that
becausf

ORAIIO PEG
gloria

T.

ANNIO MILOXE.
nostra.
:

487
qnoqofl

futura esse!
ir-bc

urs.

that

~-.

sh

putaremus
'think
(that)

periculum
the danger

et

invidiam
odium
would
als<

nostram.
ours.

Xam
For

quae
what

laus
praise

tribuenda esset
woul:i-have-l:e

mihi

ipsi,
myself,

quum
when

ausus essem
I-ha.I-dared

tantum
so-much
si
if

in
in

meo consulatu
my
consulshi]

pro vobis ac vestris

fin

liberis,
children,

quum
when

conabar
I-uuder:::k

id,
it,

yon

ur

arbitrarer
I-thought
(that)

me ausurum
I
?
?

sine esse. might-attempt (it), without

meis maximis

my

gi :ate$1

dimieatijnilus
:

sts-and-struggles

What

Qua? mulier woman

ami

non auderet
that

~:uld not
si
:

Mere seeleratum ac pemiciosuni civem.

ieke>
:I

rermicims

citizen.

if

she-did

non
not

timeret
-fear

periculum?
the Sanger 2

Invidia,
Odium,

morte,
death,

poena
puuishmeu;

qui

nihilo

segnius
tardily foi

^-placed-before (anyone), (yet) he-who not-the-le ss

it

mm
vir,

rempnblicam,
the republic,

is

vere
is

putandus
t:

est
a

aefemis

he

truly

be- considered

man.

Est
It-is

grati
the jar:
:"-

populi affiere praemiis cives.

mrnie
to-reward
citiz en
-

-.

:~:vh

merit:rred well

de republiea.
of

fortis
(it is

the republic,

:h

part)

of-a-bra we

..-?.

ne quidem moveri
not

;iis,

ut
sc

pceniteat

even

::-

inishments,

that he-may-repent

fecissp

fortiter.
bravely.

Quamobrem
V,"ii
7

T.
T.

Annius
Annius

uteretur
may-make-us

rrf.re

eadem
[of

ccmfessione.
tfesrion

qua Ahaia, qua

qua
of-which

and leelaration), of-whieh Ahziz. nf-wl

Nasira.
Nhisiev

qua

Opimus.
Ommas,

Marius.
Marius.
si
if

qua
of-whi:h

nosmot
we

ipr
9
-

et
-\s

respublica esset grata

the remuhiic

{hate each mate use of

:hat

were

grateful

4SS
laetaretnr,

ORATIO PKO
si
if

T.

AXXIO MILONB.
tanien
however

ingrata,
ungrateful,

in

gran fortuuJ
fortune

he-would-rejoice,

in (his) adverse

niteretur

sua conseientia.
(for

he -would-rest (and depend) on his conscience

support and consolation).

Sed. judiees.
But,

fortuna
dii gods

Eomani
putant
think

populi, et vestra
and
your sibi

judges, the good-fortune of-the-Roman people,

felicitas
happiness

et

inrmortales
the immortal

deberi
(that)

and

they-owe

him

gratiam
]

hujus
this

beneficii.
favour (of destroying Clodius).

Nee
Nor
aliter,
otherwise,

gratitude (for)

vero
luueed

potest
can

quisquam
any-

arbitrari
think

nisi
unless

qui
he-who

ducit
thinks
(that)

esse
there
is

nullam
no

vim,
divine power,

ve
no

divinum
divine

numen,
influence-and-providence,

quern

neque
neither

roagnitudo
the greatness

nostii
of-our

whom
sol,
sun,

imperii,
empire,

neque
neither

ille
that

nee
nor

motus

Cceli

que

the motions of-the-heavens and

signorum, nee vicissitudines rerum, atque

of-the-signs,

ordines
(their)

nor

the vicissitudes

of-things,

and

order

movent, neque
nor

id
that

quod
which

est
is

maximum.
the greatest,

sapientia
the-wisdom

majorum,
*of (our)

Ancestors,

qui, who,

et

ipsi

sanctissime
most-holily

and they-themselves

cofuerunt sacra.
observed
the sacred (institutions),

qui who (also)

et and

cerimonias.
the ceremonies-and-rites

;of religion).

qui who

auspicia,
(also)

prodiderunt
transmitted
(then.)

the auspices,

nobis
to-us

suis
their

posteris.
posterity.

31.

Est.
There-is,

profeeto
'there certainly

est
'is

ilia that

vis. power,

neque
nor-only

in
in

his
these

eorporibus,
bodies,

atque
and

in
in

bac
this

nostra
our

imbecillitate
weakness

inest

quiddam,

quod
in

vigeat

et

sentiat,
thinks,

there -is something-within, which

is-vigorous and

et inest and u

non
not [and
it i*

hoc
"his

tanto
so-great

tarn
so

prseclaro
glorious

also

much more

so] in

ORATIO PRO

T.

ANNIO MILONE
idcirco

489
non putant
2

motu

naturae.

Nisi

forte

Oiotion of nature.

Unless perhaps for-that-reason 'they-do *ot

think

quia
(it

apparet non,

nee
nor

cernitur
is-seen
;

proinde
consequently

to exist)

because it-does-not-appear,

quasi possimus, aut plane videre,

as-if

aut sentire
(our mind),
or
feel

we

could,

either clearly

see
sit,

qualis, what (it might

ubi
be, or)

nostram mentem
be, (that is)

where

it

might

our

mind

ipsam,
itself,

qua
by-whieh

sapimus,

qua

providemus,

qua
igitur
(is)

we-are-wise, by-which we-have-foresight, by-whicb

agimus ac
we-do

dicimus haec
say

ipsa.

Ea

and
vis,

those very-same- things.

That therefore

ipsa

quae saepe

attulit

huie urbi incredibiles

city

the same power, which often has-brought to-this

incredible

felicitates
prosperity

atque
and

opes
wealth (and power)
;

extinxit
it-destroyed

ac
and

sustulit removed
injecit

illam
that

perniciem,
calamity
[of Clodius],

cui to-whom

primum
(it)

first

mentem,
mind,
vi, by-violence,
[it first

ut
inspired Clodius]

auderet
fortissimum
a-most-brave

threw-into (his)

that he-should-dare

irritare
to-irritate

que lacessere
and
to-attack

ferro

with-the-sword

virum, que
man,

vinceretur

ab

eo,
him,

quern

si
if

and he-was-conquered by

whom

vicisset, he-had-conquered,

habiturus esset
he-would-have-had

sempiternam
uninterrupted

impunitatem
impunity

et and

licentiam.
licentiousness.

Ilia res perfecta est, judices, non humano That thing was-accomplished, judges, not by-human

consilio,
counsels,

ne quidem
nor
indeed

mediocri
by-the-ordinary (counsels)
.

immortalium
of-the-immortal

deorum.
gods.

Mehercule
By-Hercules

ipsae, the sacred-places themselves,

Religiones
cadere,
fall,

quae
which

viderunt
eaw

illam
that

belluam
monster

videntur,
seem,

se
(that) they

commovisse,
were moved,

et and

retinuisse
to-have-maintained-and-defended

suum
their

jus
right

in
iver

illo.

Enim
For
l

jam
I

imploro
Hmplore

atque
and
'call

testor
oe

him.

now

490
vos, you Ho-witeess,
luci.
groves,

ORATIO PRO
vos,
von,

T.

AJTNIO MILOXE.

inquam,
I-say,

Albani
Alban arse
altars

tumuli
mounts

atqup
and

que
and

vos
vou

obrutae
destroyed

Albanorum
sacrorum,

sociae

of-the Albans, the-asscclates

et aequales Romani populi, and equals of-the-Roman people,

quas
which

ille,
he,

(in)

the-sacred-rites,

praeceps
(and his)

amentia,
folly,

sanctissimis
tbe-most-holy

lueis,
groves,

headlong

caesis being-cut-down

que
and

prostratis,
prostrated,

oppresserat
had-oppressed

(and buried)

insanis
by
(his)

molibus substructionum; turn

masses
of-substruetures

vestrae arae,
your
altars,

insane

then

vestrae religiones viguerunt, vestra

(then)

your
ille

religious-rites

flourished,

your

vis power
tu,
you,

valuit,
prevailed,

quam
which

polluerat

omni
tuo
ille

scelere,
crime,

que
and

sancte
sacred

he

had-polluted with-every

Jupiter Latiaris,
Latiaris,

ex

edito
high

monte,
mountain,

cujus locus,
whose
lakes,

from your

nemora,
grove,

que
and

fines
boundaries

saepe
:

macularat
Mefiled

omni
by-every

he

had often

nefario stupro et scelere,

wicked
lust

aliquando aperuisti
l

and

crime,

have
;

at-length

'opened

(your)

oculos
tjea

ad
to

puniendum eum
punish
illae

vobis,
to-you,

vobis
to-you

in
in

vestrc
your

him:

conspectu,
poenae
punishments

serae,
late,

sed
but

tamen
however

justae,
just,

those

et debit due and

solutae sunt.
have-been-paid (in atonement for such great crimes).

Nisi
Unles
7

forte
5

dicemus
we-say
(that)

hoc
this

etiam
also

factum esse
was-done

casu;
est
\s

ut

ante sacrarium ipsum Bonae Deae, quod

the shrine
itself

tj-ZLzncc; that before

of

Bona

Lea,

which

in
in

fundo
the-farm

T.
of T.

Sestii,
Sestius,

in primis
especially

honesti et an honourable and

Den,

ornati
-.I

adolescentis,
young-man,

ante
before

ipsam
that-same

Bonam Beam.
1

inquam, quum commisisset proelium,

{-i^y

acciperet
he-received

illud
that

when

he-had-begun

the battle,

ORATIO PRO

T.

ANNIO MILONEteterrimam
a most-shameful

491

pHmum
first

vulnus,
wound,

quo
by-which

obiret
he-died

mortem,
death,

ut
that

videretur
he-seemed

non
not

absolutus,
acquitted,

illo

nefario
iniquitous

judicio,
trial,

by-that

sed reservatus ad hanc

but
reserved
for
this

in sign poenam. conspicuous punishment.

em

32.
injecit
excited

Nee
[Nor

vero
indeed

non,
not],

eadem ira deorum and indeed the same anger of-the-goda

in
in

hanc
this

amentiam
folly

ejus
his

satellitibus,
followers,

ut
that

abjeetus
be-was-thrown-out
(after)

ambureretur,
he-was-half-burnt,

sine
without
(ancestral)

imaginibus,
images,

sine
without (a funeral)

cantu
song

atque
and (without funeral)

ludis, games,

sine
without

exsequis,
funeral-rites,

sine
without

lamentis,
lamentations,

sine
without

laudationibus, sine
praises,

funere,

without a funeral,

oblitus cruore et luto, besmeared with-blood and mud,

illius
of-that

spoliatus
deprived

celebritate
of-the-solemn-concourse (and honours)

supremi
last

diei,
day,

cui

etiam

inimici
enemies

solent

cedere.

Credo
I-believe

to-which even

are-accustom e*d to-aceede.

fuisse
^that) it-was

non
not

fas

formas
afferre
eould-bring

allowed (by the will of the gods), (that) the-images

clarissimorum
of-the-most-illustrious
illi

virorum
men

aliquid
any-thing

decoris
of-ornament

teterrimo
most-foul

parrioidse,
parricide,

neque
nor

(and honour)

to-that

in ullo in any

loco

ejus

mortem
death
[his

lacerari
dead body] might-be-lacerated

potius,
rather,

place (that) his

quam
than

in
in

quo
that-which

vita
his life

esset. had-been-condemned.

damnata

Medius
May

fidius,

fortuna

Romani
of-the-Roman

populi
people

Jupiter help me, (but) the fortune

Mid

jam
heretofore

videbatur
Appear

mihi
to-me

dura
hard

et and

crudelis,
cruel,

quae
wtlch

pateretur
suffered

ilium,
him,

tot
for-so-many

annos* insultare
years
to-insult

(and

attaclr,'

492
in

OEATIO PRO
renipublicam.
republic.

T.

ANNIO MILONE.
Polluerat
He-had- polluted

hanc
this

Sanctis simas
the-inost-holy

religiones
religious-rites

stupro,
with (his)
lust,

perfregerat
he-had-broken

gravissima
the most-weighty

decreta
decrees

senatus,
of-the-senate,

palam redemerat
'he-had openly
'freed

se
himself

a
from

judicibus
the judges

pecunia,
by-money,

in
in

tribunatu,
(his) tribuneship,

vexarat
he-had-harassed

senatum.
the senate,

resciderat
he-had-rescinded

gesta,
acts-passed,

consensu
by-the-consent

omnium ordinum pro

of-all

salute
the safety

reipublicae,
of-the-republic,

expulerat
he-had-expelled

the orders

for

rne

patria,
'from (my)
'country,

diripuerat
he-had-plundered

bona,
(my)
property,

me

incenderat
he-had-burned

domum,
(my)
house,

vexarat
he-had-ill-treated

meam
my
bellum
war

conjugem,
wife

liberos,
(and)
children,

indixerat
he-had-declared

nefarium
a-wicked

Cn. Pompeio,
against

effecerat
he had-made

csedes
slaughter

magistratuum
of- magistrates

Cn. Pompey,

que
and
fratris,
brother,

privatorum,
of-private-persdns,

incenderat
he-had-burned

domum
the house

mei
of-my

vastarat
he-had-laid-wastc

Etruriam,
Etruria,

ejecerat
he-had-ejected

multos
many
he-urged;

sedibus
'from (their)

ac
and

fortunis

instabat,
he-pressed,

urgebat

'homes

possessions;

civitas,
the city,

Italia,
Italy,

provinciae,
the provinces,

regna
the

poterant
could

non
not

kingdom

capere
contain

ejus
his

amentiam;
folly

leges
the laws

jam
'were
already

incidebabantur
'engraved
(on brass)
;

domi,
erat
nihil

quae

addicerent
were-to-sut^ect

nog
us

at-his-house, which

nostris servis
to-our
slaves
;

cujusquam,
of-any-one,

there-was nothing
ille

[belonging to any

quod quidem
onel

adamasset,

quod

non
'M-Jid not

which

indeed

he

might-take-a-liking-to, -vhich

putaret
^hink

fore
would-be

suum hoc anno.

his
this

Nemo
No- one

obst^bat
was-an-dtataclt

year.

ORATIO PRO
ejus
*fo

T.

ANNIO MILONE.
proeter
except

493
Milonem.
Milo.

cogitationibus,
thoughts
(and expectations),

his

Arbitrabatur
He-thought
(that)

ilium
that

ipsum,
same-person, [Poinpey,]

qui poterat could who

reditu
return

obstare,
(resist,

novo
(to

and)

be-an-obstacle

him),

'would

by-the-mfce

in gratiam
to

quasi
(and friendship) 'be as-it-were

devinctum
'bouna
(to

favour

him);

dicebat
he-said (that)

potentiam Caesaris esse suum;

the power
of-Ca3sar

was

his;

the ^good-will andj

animos
minds
'of (all)

bonorum
'good-men

in
in

meo
my

casu
cause

eonxempserat
ks-desp~sed;

Milo
33.

unus

urgebat
dii,

Milo (was) the only-one (that) pressed-hard (on him).

Hie immor tales

Here
the immortal

ut

dixi

supra, dederunt
^ave

gods, as I-have-said above,

menteni
the

illo
'to [inspired] 'that

perdito
abandoned

ac
and

funoso,
furious-man,

ut
that

mind

faceret
be-should-lay

insidias
snares

huic.

Ilia pestis
pest ^and wicked

for-this-man. [Milo.] That

potuit
man)
could

non
not

aliter
otherwise

perire
have-perished;
(for)

nunquam
never would

respublica
the republic

ulta esset
have-punished

ilium
him

suo
by-their-own

jure.
right (and laws).

Senatus,
The
senate,

credo,

circumscripsisset

eum
.

I-suppose, would-have-circumscribed (and restrained)

him

prsetorem.
(when)
praetor.

Ne
Not-even

quidem quum
indeed

solebat
it-was-accustomed

when

facere
to-do

id,
this
(witii

profecerat
the magistrates),

aliquid
any-thing

had-it-accomplished

hoc
(of the kind) with-this

eodem,
same-person, [Clodius]

in
in

private
private-life,

An
Whether

fuissent consules
'would

fortes

in
in

coercendo
restraining

the consuls 'have-been vigorous

pnetore?
the praetor?

Primum,
In-the-first-place,

Milone
deinde

occiso,

habuisset
consul,
cons*!,

Milo-being-killed, he-would-have-had

suos
bis-own

consules
consuls,*

quis
what

in
on

in-the-next-place

42

494
eo
this

ORATIO PRO

T.

AWNIO MILONE.
foiiis esset would-have-been coui^gccus (enough

praetore,
(Clodius)

(being)

praetor,

to resist him),

per quern by whom

tribunum,
(when)
tribune,

memiaisset

he-rnay-nave-reinembered,

consularem virtutem esse crudelissimc vexatam?

(that)

the consular

dignity

was

most-cruslly

jiarassed

Oppressisset
He-had-oppressed

omnia
all

possideret
(and)

teneret
hold
(all);

(that) he-might-possess

nova"

lege,

quae invents est apud cum, cuin reliquis

which

by-the-new law,

was found

with

him,

with

the other

Clodianis legibus,
Clodian
laws,

fecisset nostros servos suos hia he-would-have-made slaves our

nisi
unless

libertos.
freedmen.

Postremo,
Lastly,

immerses
the immortal

dil impulissenfc had-impelled gods

in
into

earn
that

mentem,
mind,

ut

rtFeminatus

homo
man

[had inspired him], that (he) an effeminate

conaretur
should-attempt

occidere
to-kill

fortissimum
a-most-brave

virum,
man,

hodie
to-day
ille

haberetis
you-would-have

nullam
no

rempublicam.
republic.

An
Whether
he

he

(as)

praetor,
praetor,

ille

vero
indeed (as)

consul,
consul,

si
if

modo, eo
indeed,

vivo,
being-alive,

he

haec
these

templa,
temples,

atque
and

moenia
ejus
his

ipsa

potuisscnt stare
could-have
stootf

the walls themselves

tamdiu,
so-long,

et and

exspectare
waited-for

consulatum,
consulship,

deniquc
in-fine

ille

vivus
alive
l

fecisset
have-done

nihil
nothing

mali,
bad,

*would

he

qui mortuujr who dead

satellitibus,
satellites.

incenderit
burned

curiam
duce
?

uno

ex
from-among

suis
his

the senate-house by-one

Sex. Clodio
Sex. Clodius

Quo
?

quid
what

miseries,
more-miserable,

being-the-leader

Than-this

quid
what

acerbius,
more-grievous,

quid
what

luctuosius
more-lamentable

vidimus
ha^e-we
c
.

?
*

jen

Templum
(That)
the temple

sanctitatis
of-sanctity

amplitudinis,
of-dignity,

mentis,
of-mind
(and

publici
wisdom), f-pubHc

consilii,
counsels,

caput
the head

urbis,
of-the-city,

aram
the altar

ORATIO PRO
sociorum,
of-the-allies,

T.

ANNIO MILONE.
gentium,
nations,

495

portum
the harbour

omnium
of-all

sedem
the seat

concessam ab universo populo

granted

uni
to-one

ordini
order (of the state),

by

the entire

people

inflammari,
to-be -set-on-fire,

exscindi,
to-be-destroyed,

funestari?
to-be-polluted?

neque
nor
(that)

id
this

fieri

a(b) imperita multitudine,

by
a senseless

quamquam
although

id
this

was-done

mob,

ipsum
game

esset

miserum,
pro
for

sed
but

ab
by

uno
sit

?
?

wculd-have-been lamentable,

one-person

Qui Who
so-much,

quum
when

ustor
(only) a burner

mortuo
the-dead

ausus

tantum,
pro
for

may-have-dared

quid
what
x

non
would-he not
?

ausus esset
'have-dared
(as)

signifer
standard-bearer

vivo

Potissimum
*He
above-all

abjecit
'threw

in
(him) into

curiam,
the-senate-house,

the living?

ut
that

mortuus
dead

incenderet
he-might-set-on-fire

earn
that

quam
which

vivus
alive

everterat.
he-had-overthrown.

Et
And

sunt,
are-there
(persons),

qui who

querantur
complain

de
concerning (the
affair on)

Appia
the Appian

via,

taceant

de
concerning

road, (but) are-silent

curia

the-senate-house?

et qui and who

putent
may-think

ab eo
(that) against

spirante
breathing

him

forum
(and
alive), the

potuisse
could

defendi,

cujus cadaveri
dead-body

forum

have-been-defended, whose

curia
the senate-house
'

non
could not
si
if

restiterit.
Resist.

Excitate,
Resuscitate,

excitate
resuscitate

ipsum,
himself,

potestis
you-can
vivi,
alive,

a
from

mortuis.
the-dead.

Frangetis
Will-you-break

impetum
the-shock-of-hiaft

cujus
whose

furias
violence
l

vix
you-can scarcely

sustinetis
'sustain

insepulti
anburied?

Nisi
Unless

vero

sustinuistis

indeed you-could-have-sustained (and resisted)

eos,
those-men,

qui
who

concurrerunt
ran

ad
to

curiam
the-senate-house

cum
winh

facibus,
torches,

cum
with

falcibus
scythes

ad

Castoris,
.

to (the temple) of-Castor,

(and who)

49C
volitarunt
ran-through

03ATI0 PRO
toto
the whole

T.

ANNIO MILONE.

foro
forum

cum
with

gladiis.
swords.

Vidistifc

You-saw

Romanum
Che

populum
people

caedi,
slaughtered,

concionem
a meeting of the sitfaani

Roman

disturbari
iisturbed

gladiis,
by-swords,

quum
when
plebis,
of-the-people,

silentio
in-silence

M.

Coelius M. Jielius
et
both

audiretur,
*as-listened-to,

tribunus
a tribune

vir
a

fortissimus
most-brave

man

in
in (the affair of)

republica,
the republic,

et and

firmissimus
most-firm

in
in

causa;
the cause

suscepta et undertaken (by him) and

auctoritati

deditus
devoted

voluntati
to the will

bonorum,
of-the-good,

et and
fide,

senatus,

et

divina

et

incredibili
incredible

to-the-authority of-the-senate, and of divine and

fidelity,

sive in
either
in

hac invidia, sive singulari fortuna Milonis.

this

odium,

or

singular

fortune

of Milo.

34.

Sed
Rut

jam
etiam
also

satis

multa
enough (has been

de
said) concerning

already sufficiently

causa,
the cause (and)

extra
beyond

causam,
(or foreign) to-the-cause,

fortasse
perhaps

nimis multa.
too

Quid
What
ut
that

rest at, nisi

ut

orem que obtester

and
entreat

much.

remains, unless that I-pray

vos,
you,

judices,
judges,

tribuatis
you-may-grant

earn
that

misericordiam
mercy

fortissimo
to-a-most-brave

viro, man,

quam
which

ipse
he-himself
'does

non
not

implorat,
'implore,

ego,
(which)
I,

etiam,
even,

hoc
he
si,
if,

repugn ante,
opposing,

et
both

imploro
implore

et and

exposco?
demand?
fletu, weeping,

Nolite, Do -not,
you-saw

in
in

omnium
(the midst)

nostro
oui

of all

adspexistis

nullam
no

lacrimam
tear

Milonis,
of-^Iilo,

si
if (his)

vultum
countenance
(is)

semper eundem,
always
the same,

si
if

videtis

vocem,

si
if

you-perceive (his) voice,

orationem stabilem,
(his)

ac
and

non
not

mutatam,
changed
(or faltering)

discourse

steady,

minus
(do

hoc
on-this

parcere
(account be inclined to)
spare

ei.

noO

the-less

him

0RATI0 PRO

T.

ANNIO MILONE.
etiam
'he-ought (not)

497
multd
(so)

Haud
I-do

not

scio, 'know,

an
whether
sit.

even

much
si

magis
the

adjuvandus

Etenim
(on that account).

in
in

more

'to-be-assisted

For

gladiatorial

gladiatoriis pugnis, et in contests, and in

conditione

infimi

generis
classes

the condition of-the-lowest

hominum
of-men

atque
and
(lowest)

fortuna,
fortune,

etiam
'we-are even

solemus
'accustomed

odisse timidos, atque supplices, et

to-hate

obsecrantes,
entreating,

the timid,

and

suppliant,

and (those)

ut
fortes
the brave

liceat

vivere
to-live;

cupimus
(but)

servare
to-save

that it-may-be-allowed (them)

we-wish

et and

animosos,
courageous,
;
;

et and

acriter
(those)

offerentes
offering

eagerly

se ipsos
themselves

morti
to-death

que
and

miseret
it-pities

nos
us

magis
most

eorum,
of them,

[we

feel the greatest

compassion

for those]

qui non who Mo not

requirunt
'ask-for

nostram misericordiam, quam

our
pity,

qui
those-who

efflagitant illam,
entreat
it,

than

quanto
how

magis
?

debemus
(not)

facere hoc in fortissimis

to-do
this
for

much more ought-we

most-brave

civibus
citizens?

Hge

voces

Milonis, quas
of-Milo,

assidue audio,
'I

These expressions

which

continually

'hear,

et and

quibus
'to (the

quotidie
'I-am
daily

intersum,
'present,

utterance

of)

'which

quidem,
'do

judices,
judges,

exanimant
'discourage

indeed,

et and

interimunt
overcome

me,
me,

"Valeant,"
'

inquit,

May-they-flourish," says-he,

a mei cives valeant " may my citizens flourish (and

fare well);

sint incolumnes, florentes, sint sint beati safe, may-they-be prosperous, may-they-be happy; may-they-be

haec

proeclara
illustrious

urbs,
city,

que patria
and
country

carissima
most-dear

mihi
to-me

may

this

stet,
(long) 'stand,

quoquo

modo

in-what-ever manner

erit it-may-have-merited

merita

de
of

me
me;

may

cives mei my fellow-citizens

ipsi (quoniam themselves (since

non
s

it-is

not

licet allowed

mibi me

42*

498

0RATI0 PRO

T.

ANNIO MILONE.
tranquilla. republics
a quiet
repuolitf

cum
/to

illis)

perfruantur
^njoy

enjoy

it)

with

them)

sine

me,

sed
but
;

tamen
non
'it-has not
x

per
licuerit
been-allowed

me

ego
I

cedam
will-retire

without me,

however (acquired) through me;

si

atque abibo
and
depart;

if

mihi me

frui

bona

to-enjoy a-good

republica,
republic,

ut

carebo
tetigero,

mala,

at-least I-shall-be-absent-from a bad-one,

et and

primam
the
first

civitatem
eity

quam
which

bene
(is)

moratum
regulated

I-shall-have-arrived-at,

well

et and

liberam, in ea
*ee,
k

conquiescam.
will-I-rest.

frustra," in quit,
(how)
vain,"
says-he,

in that

'mei

labores
labours
(that I have)

suscepti;
undertaken;

fallaces
(how) fallacious

.ireVkny

spes;
(liave beoii

inanes
(how)

my)
!

hopes;

empty

(have been)

meae my

cogitatioiies
thoughts!

Ego
I

quum
when
(I

tribunus
was)
tribune

plebis,
of-the-people

republica
the republic

oppressai,
being-oppressed,

dedissem
had-devoted

me
myself

senatui,
to-the senate,

quern
(the

acceperam
I-had-perceived

exstinctum,
(was nearly)
extinguished,

power

of)

which

Romanis
(I

equitibus,
knights,

quorum
whose

vires
powers

abo had devoted myself)

debiles,
weak,

to the

Roman

erant
were

bonis
(likewise)

viris,

to-good

men,

qui abjecerant who had-renounced

Clodianis,
Clodius,

omnem
all

auctoritatem
authority

armis
(by reason of)
the arms (of)

putaism
defuturuTii
*be-wanting

presidium
mihi
to-me?
?

bonorum

unquam
ever

eould-l-i&hA (that) the protection (and-aid) of-the-good 'would

Ego
I

quum
when

(enim
(for
l

saepissime
he
very-often

loquitur
"converses

oum
witn

me,)
me,)

reddissem
I-had-restored

te you

patriae,
(to

your) country,

putarem
could-I-think (that)

in
in

(my)

patrifi country

non futurum
x

there-would not

'be

locum
4 place

mihi?
for-me?

Ubi
Where

nunc
now

est
is

senatus,
the senate,

quem
which

0RATI0 PRO
secuti

T.

ANNIO MILONE.

499

sumus

ubi

illi

Romani
Roman

equites, illi," inquit,

knights,
those,"

we-have-followed? where those

says-he,

ubi studia municipiorum ? ubi voces tui ? w so much yours? where the zeal of-the-munieipal-towns? where the voies
Italise ?
of-Italy?

"

ubi denique
where
in-fine
(is)

ilia
that

tua
your

vox
voice

atque
and (eloquence
in)

defensio,
defence,

M.
M.

Tulli,
Tullius,

auxilio fuit quae which brought assistance

nihil no

plurimis?
to- many?

potest ne
can

ea
obtuli
offered

opitulari
Assistance

mihi
to-me

soli,
alone,

then that-voice 'bring

qui who

toties
have-so-often

me

morti

pro te ?"
for

myself to-death

you

?"

35.

Nee
Nor

vero,
indeed,

judices,
judges, (does he say)

haec,

ut ego
I

those-things, as

nunc
now

flens,

sed loquitur
videtis.
'see

hoc eodem

vultu,

(do) weeping, but

he-speaks (them) with-this same countenance,

quo
with-which 'you (now)

Enim
(him).

negat,
he-denies,

For

he (indeed

negat
positively)

denies (that)

se fecisse, did, he

quae

fecerit what he-performed

civibus
for citizens

ingratis
(who were)
ungrateful;

non negat
'he does not

deny

(that those things

may
every

timidis
have been done) for-the-timid

et and

circumspicientibus
for-those-contemplating

omnia

pericula.
danger.

Commemorat
He-states
(that) the

plebem, et infimum common-people, and the-lowest

Clodio
Clodius (being their)

multitudinem,
multitude

quae,

P.
P.

duce,
leader,

(or rabble), which,

imminebat
threatened

vestris fortunis,
your

se

fecisse

fortunes, (that) he had-acted-on (and so treated)

earn,
this-multitude,

quo

vestrfi,

vitfi,
life

whereby your

esset tutior, ut might-be more-safe, so-that

virtute,

non
not

modo
only

flecteret
he-bent

sed
but

etiam
also

(and ruled

it)

'by (his) 'courage,

deleniret
fae-tamed

suis tribus patrimoniis

it)

(and won

(by spending)

his

three

patrimonies

nec
(left to

timet,

quum

placaret

him); nor does-he-fear, when he-may-have-pacified (and secured)

500

ORATIO PRO

T.

AKNIO MILOSE.
non
conciliarit

plebem
the

rauneribus, ne
(his) 'presents,

vog

common-people *by

but-that he would-coneiliate you

singularibus meritis in rempublicam.

l

Dicit
x

by-his

'singular

services

in

the republic.

He

'says

benevolentiam senatus
(that)

erga

se,

his

ipsis

the good-will

of-the-senate towards

himself, in-these

same

temporibus,
times,

s?epe
'has often

esse
been

perspectam,
'experienced, (that)

se
he

verd
indeed

ablatnrum esse cum se vestras

would-carry
with him

occursationes,

your attentive-and-complimentary-calis,

studia,
(your)
zeal,

sermones,
(and)
discourses,

et and

vestrorum ordinum
(that)

of-your

order

quemcunque cursum fortuna

in

dederit.
x

Etiam
He
also

whatever

route

fortune may-designate (for him).

meminit
mentions

vocem
(that) the voice

praeconis
of-the-herald

modo
alone

defuisse

sibi,

was-wanting to-him

quam
(to

desiderarit
he-desired

minime,
but-little,

vero
for-indeed

be declared consul),

which

cunotis
(it

suffragiis populi
votes

quod unum
alone
;

cupierit,
he-desired,
si
if

was) by the entire

of-the-people which

se
(that) he

declaratum
had-been-declared

consulem
consul;

nunc
now

denique,
in-line,

sint futura these-things may-be hereafter

hsM

contra
against

se, him,

suspicionem
(that)

the suspicion

facinoris,
of-crime,

non
not

crimen

facti

obstare

sibi.

the crime of-commission would-stand-against him.

Addit

quae sunt certe vera, fortes et haec, certainly true, (that) and brave He-adds these-things, which are

non tarn solere sequi sapientes viros men 'are not so-much 'accustomed to-follow (and wise
prsemia
the rewards

seek after)

factorum
of-deeds

recte,
done-well,

quam
as

facta
(to seek) the

ipsa
nisi
unless

deeds themselves

bene
ioiie well
;

se
(that)

fecisse
had-done
si
if

nihil
nothing

in
in (his)

vita,
life,

he

praeclarissime
(what was)

quidem
indeed

most-honourable

sit there-may-be

nihil
nothing

praestabilius
Tthere
is

viro,
(or

any thing]

better,

more preferable)

for-a-maxi,

0RATI0 PRO

T.

AXXIO BULOHB.
periculis:
from-dangers
:

501
esse

quam
than

liberare
to-deliver (his)

partiara
country

(that those)

are

beatos,
Da Ppy>

quibus ea res fuerit honori a suis civibus, to- whom this thing brought honour from their fellow-citizens,
eos
beneficio

nec
nor

tamen
however

miseros,

(that) those are-miserable,

qui vicerint sues who have-surpassed theii

cives

fellow-citizens in-good-deeds (and

who have not been rewarded

praemiis
the rewards

therefor);
si
if

Bed
but

tamen

ex

omnibus
all

virtutis,
of- virtue,

however from-among

(any)

ratio
regard

habencla esset
was-to-be-had
(to)

praemiorum
rewards
(that)

amplissimum
the-most-ampla

praemium
(and honourable)

esse
was

gloriam
glory;
(that)

esse
it-was

reward

banc unam quae

this-glory alone

consolaretur
quae
which

brevitatem
efficeret,
effects,

vitae,
of-life,

that

might-console (us for) the shortness

memoria
by-the-recoliection

posteritatis,
of-posterity,

ut absentes
that

adessemus,
we-may-be-present, (that)

mortui
dead

viveremus

denique
in-fine

we-may-be-alive;

(that)

esse banc,
it-is

gradibus

cujus

bomines etiam viderentur

men
me,"
even

this,

by-the-steps of-which

seem

ascendere in coelum.
to

"

De me,"

inquit,
says-he,

"

Romanua
''the

ascend

to

heaven.

B Of

Roman
:

populus
people
(and)

omnes
aU

gentes
nations
'will

semper
continually

loquentur,
st^k,

nulla
no

vetustas
remote-age
l

unquam
will

obmutescet.
'be-silent

ever

(concerning me).

Quin
But-even

boc
at-this

tempore
time

ipso,
itself,

quum
when

omnes
all

faces

the firebrands

invidiam
of-envy (and hatred)
(of)

meve me

subjiciantur,

are-thrown-at (me), by

meia my
coetu company

inimicis,
enemies,

tamen

celebramur
gratiis. et

in
in

omni
every

yet-however we [I am] are celebrated

hominum, agendis
of-men,

babendis gratuiationibus,
having
congratulations

by-returning thanks, and

'among themselves),

et omni and by-every-kind

sermone.
(of)

Omitto
I-omi|

discourse.

502
festos
the-festival

0RATI0 PRO
dies
days

T.

^NNIO MILONE.
et
both

Etrurise,
of-Etruria,

actos
haec
est
is

et

institutes,
instituted

celebrated and

centesima

lux

(on account of the death of Clodius)

this

the hundredth light

et, opinor, [lay] and, (as) I-believe,

altera,

ab

interitu
the death

P. Clodii;
of-P.

the second, since

Clodius;

qua
as-far-as

fines

Romani
Roman

populi
people

sunt,

ea

non
not

the boundaries of-the

extend, so-far

solum
only

fama
the report

de
of

illo,
this death,

sed
but

etiam
also

laetitia the joy (thereat)

jam
l

peragravit.
Extended.
sit,
(of mine) may-be,

Quamobrem,"
Wherefore,"

inquit,
says he,

"ubi
" where

has already

hoc
this

corpus
body

non
'I-am not

laboro,
'concerned,

quoniam
because

gloria

mei nominis,
name,

et
both

jam
now

versatur, et
is,

semper
'will

the glory of-my

and

always

habitabit in omnibus
1

terris."
countries."

dwell

in

all

36.

Hsec,
These-things,

Milo,

tu

ssepe

cum me.
me,

Milo, you have often (conversed of) with

his
those (here

absentibus
now
present)

sed,
but,

iisdem
these-same (persons)

being-absent;

audientibus, ego
listening,

hsec

cum
te, you,

I (will converse of) these (following things) with

te: you
es

possum non
*I-can

satis
sufficiently
;

quidem laudare
indeed
'praise

quum
est
is

not

when you-are

isto
of-this

animo
mind;

sed
but

quo

ista

virtus
virtue

magis
more

in-as-much-as this

divina,
divine,

eo
vero,
indeed,
si
if

majore

dolore
grief

'by so-much 'the greater

divellor a te* I-am-separated from you.

Nee
Nor

eriperis
'you (are

mihi,
(from)

est
is

made

to)

'depart

me,

tamen
in-line

ilia

querela

ad consolandum,
(left) for

ut
that

possim
I-may

that complaint

consoling

(me),

a his, irasci hecome-angry with-those from

quibus whom

accipero
I-shall-have-received

tantum
so-great

vulnus.
wound.

Enim non
For
not

mei my

inimici
enemies

eripient
will-sna

ph

te you (fromj

ORATIO PRO
mihi,
me,

T.

ANNIO MILOISB.

503

sed
but

amicissimi,
my-greatest-friends,

non

aliquando

not (those who) at-any-time (may)

meriti
have deserved

male de me, sed

ill

semper
who have) always
(deserved)

of

me,

but (those,

optime.
the best.

Judices,
'You-will
judges,

inuretis
'inflict

nullum
no

tantum
such-great

dolorem
grief

(on)

mihi me

unquam,
at-any-time,

(etsi (although

quis what

potest
(grief)

can

esse tantus)
be
lit

sed
but

ne
not

quidem
indeed

hunc ipsum
this

so-great) (as this),

same,

(so)

obliviscar
I-may-forget

quanti
of-how-much
l

semper
you-have
always

that

feceritis 'made

me.
me.

Si quae

[How much you have always esteemed

cepit
you,
or

me.] If

oblivio which forgetfulnesa

offendistis

vos, aut si
if

(of this esteem) has-possessed

you-have-been-offended

aliquid
at-any-thing

in
in

me,
me,

cur why
rather,

non
'is

id
(the

not

punishment

for)

it

luitur
inflicted

meo
on-my

capite potius,
head

quam
than
si
if

Milonis
(that)

Enirn
For

of-Milo

vixero
I-shall

praeclare,
perfectly-well,

quid
videro

accideret

mihi
to-me

have lived

any-thing should-happen

prius,
(if

quam
that

hoc
this

tantum
so-much

I should die)

before,

I-shall-have-seen

mali.
of-evil.

Nunc
[Such great
evil befall him.]

una
one

consolatio
consolation

Now

sustentat me, quod

sustains

me,

that

tibi to-you

T. Anni,

defuit

a
by
studii,
of-zeal,

T. Annius, there-was-wanting

me
me
none
[on

nullum officium amoris, nullum

my

part]

no

duty

of-love,

none

nullum
inimicitias
the enmities

pietatis.
of-attachment.

Ego
I

pro
*have
for

te you

appetivi
'sought

potentium,
of-the-powerful,

ego
I

ssepe
'have often

objeci
'opposed

meum
my
ego
I

corpus
body

et and

vitam
life

armis
to-the-arms

tuorum
of-your

ininii coram, enemies,

abjeci
Uave-thrown

me
myself

supplicem plurimis pro

(as) a suppliant

to-many

for

te, contuli you, I-have

; ;

504

ORATIO PRO
bona,

T.

ANNIO MILONE,
fortunas
fortunes

meas
my

ac
and
(those)

meoiam
of-my

brought (iny)

property,

liber orum in
children
in

communion em tuorum temporum;

participation

of-your

times;
si
if

[to share

denique
your misfortune
;]

hoc
on
si
if

ipso die,
same
day,

qua

in-fine

this

vis any violenca

est parata,
is

futura
there-is-to-be

qua
any

dimicatio
contest
?

prepared (against you),

capitis,
of-life,

deposco.
I-demand
(to

Quid restat jam

share
it).

quid
what
nisi
unless

What remains now ?

your
services
to

habeo quod
have-I
that

faciam
I-can-do

pro tuis mentis in me,

for

me,

ut
that

quaecunque
whatever

erit

tua

ducam
non recuso,
not

earn
that

may-be

your (fortune) I-may-consider

fortunam
fortune

meam ?
mine?

Non
'I-do not

abnuo,
ut

'reject, 'I-do

Refuse

(this),

que
and

obsero
I-entreat

vos, judices,
you,

aut
in
on

augeatis vestra
'add-to

judges, that 'you either

your

beneficia,
benefits,

quae
which

contulistis
you-have-conferred

me,
me,

salute
by-the-safety

hujus,
jf-this-man,

aut
or

videatis you-may consider

in
exitio

occasura esse
(that these benefits)
will-fall

ejusdem.
bis
by-these

(and be obliterated)

in the destruction of-this-same-man.

37. Milo
Milo
'is

non
not

movetur
'moved

lacrimis.
tears.

*Est
He-is-iu

quodam
[he has] a certain

incredibili robore animi;

incredible

putat
he-considers (that)

strength of-mind

exsilium esse
banishment
is

ibi,
there,

ubi

non

sit

locus

virtuti

where 'there-may not 'be

a place for-virtue

mortem
(that)

esse finem naturae,

is

non
not

pcenam.
a punishment.

Sed
But
;

death
ea"
in

the end

of-nature,

hie est
he
is

mente,
mind,
In

qua

natus est

quid
what

that (noble state of)

?
(think)
?

which he-was-born;

vos,
do you,

judices
judges

quo
in-what

animo
mind
'will-you

tandem
in-fino

eritis?
be?

Retinebitis
Will -you -retain

memoriam
the

Milor.is,
of Milo,

memory

(and)

ejicietis banish

ORATIO PRO
ipsum
himself?
?

T.

ANNIO MILONB.
locus in
place

505
terris
the earth

ullus erit dignior et and will-there-be any more- worthy

on

qui

excipiat

hanc
this

virtutein,
virtue,

quam
than

hie,
this,

qui
which

which might-receive

procreavit
produced

Vos,
You,

vos,
you,

fortissimi
O-most-brave

viri

appello,
'I

(it) ?

men

(now) 'address,

qui who

effudistis have-shed

multum
much
(the time of)

sanguinem
blood

pro
for

republica;
the republic

appello
I-address

vos in
you
in

periculo
danger

et in of-a-man, and in
viri,

(that)

invicti
of-an-invincible

civis,
citizen,

vos
you

centuriones
centurions

que
and (you)

milites;
soldiers

vobis
you

non modo
not
only

inspectantibus,
looking-on,

sed etiam armatis,

but
also

armed,

et praesidentibus huic judicio, protecting this court, and

haec
'shall
this

tanta
so-great

virtus
virtue
?

expelletur, exterminabitur,
l

projicietur

ex hae urbe

be-expelicd,

be -banished,

be-thro wn-out from this

!

city?

me miserum,
me
miserable,

me
me

infelicem
unhappy

Tu
You

potuisti revocarc
could
reca.

me,
me,

Milo,
Milo,

in
to

patriam

per

hos,
'shall

ego non
I ?

my-country through these (men),

not

potero retinere te in
l

patria

per

eosdem

be-able

to retain

you

in (your) country

through the same (persons)?

Quid respondebo meis

What
parent?
shall-I-reply

liberis, to-my children,

'

qui putant te alteram who consider you a second

frater
brother

parentem?

Quid
What

tibi

Quinte,
Quintus,

(shall I say) to-you

qui ^ho
times

nunc
*are

abes,
'absent, a

consorti
companion

cum me
with

illorum
(in)

temporum ?
salutem
servasset
had-preserved
?

now

me

these

ne
pf my
Df-Milo

me

potuisse
I-could

non

tueri

trouble)? (that)

not have-preserved the safety

Milonis

per
?

eosdem,

through the same-persons,

per quos by whom

could-I

ille

he

aostram

At
But

in
in

qua causa potuisse non

what
cause

>ur (safety)?

not

(do this)

quae est
lin

grata
agreeable

gentibus.
to [all) nations

A
(and people)

a cause) which

is

B/

43

506

ORATIO PRO

T.

ANXIO MILOXR.
qui acquiertmt who 'have-obtained

quibus potuisse not ? ab by not? eould-I whom

iis,

taaxime
the greatest
?

those,

morte

P.

Clorlii

quo
who

denrecante
entreating
?

me.
I.

'repose by-the-death of P.

Clolius;

Quodnam tantum
What

seelus

ego
in
in

coneepi,
'meditated,

aut quod
or

such-great wickedness 'have I

what

tantum
guch

facinus

admissi

me,
me,
[have I eommittel]
ilia
(light) thcso

atrocious-crime have- 1- a Emitted

judiees,
judges,

quum
when

indagavi, patefeci, protuli

I-traced,

laid-open,

and brought-to
?

indicia
signs

communis
of-common

exitii,
destruction, (and)

exstinxi

(-destroyed (the conspiracy of

Omnes
Catiline

dolores

redundant
overflow

which they indicated)

All

my

afflictions

ex
(and spring)

illo
that

fonte
fountain

in
on

me
me

que
and

from

meos. my

(friends).

Quid Why

voluistis have-you-wished (that)

me
I

esse
(should)

reducem
ii

?
(to

be a restored person

my

ut, an country)? whether that,

me
I

inspectante,
looking on,

expellerentu*
Nolite,
it) ?

those might-be-expelle

(from their country)

per quos essem restitutus ? whom I-waa rod (to by

pati

Do-not

obscero
I-entreat

vos,
you,

reditum
(my)
return

esse
to-be

acerbiorem
more-har.h

suffer

miLi to- me

quam
than

fuerit ille discessus departure that was

ipse.
(and banishment)
itself.

Nam
For

qui possum putare think (that) can-I how

si
if

me
I

restitutum esse
bave-been-restored (to

my country)
?
(

distrahar
33.

ab

iis,

I-am separated from

those,

per quos by whom

restitutus

sum

I-have-been-restored

to

it.)

Utiam
Would

immortales
the immortal

dei
(

fecissent
bad-caused

?J>

(dixerim

tua

pace,

(rivf I-have-said-thi3 in your peace, [with your permission and without

patria;
offence]

enim metuo, ne
for
I-fear,
lest

dicam
T-rnay-say (something,

(my) country;

Bcelerate
wickedly

in

te,

quod

dicam

pie

pro Milone)
for

a3-respects you,

which I-may-say piously

Milo>

:?

-no pkc

r.

uraio milohb.
vi veret.
mighi-live,

COT
Bed
bat

Btmam
voold

P.
(thai) P.

oon modo
Clodios

Asm

not

only

set prsetor, consul, dictator potios,

"might-be prator,
consol,
dk-iaior
rather.

quam
than

iriderem
I-shoald-oeo

hoc spectaculim*,
ibis
5

O
O

immortales dii!
immortal

gods!

fortera! Olr. _

:.:.

et i^i

r::u:i conservandum a Tobis, jadices! man (who) ooght-to-be-pieserred by jog, O jodges!

ibbi:::,
says-be [Milo].
r
:;

u mlnime*
-----

sibbbbr."
Boi-aH,"

,;

Ibb:b:

ero
'safer
(his)

" Ka^er indeed *may he

s:
b*

:-"::::;:$

i-ib?
~

n:s sibb :.ti_"s.

lb
5:

-s:
::=

cit:::-;-;

_L.r

^i.r.:

~.b -iri-rj:.

:r5^f. 1.;.--:;.

non debiias."
(vzzb bzi-ez:;
r ::r:;e
-..1:77-

HIccine
1
-

vir
:

natns
:
.

1::

i::.:b

osquam morieter.
=

nisi is

:.;:,

b
.

:-". i

f-^r

si
if

:: ::f by-chance,

'

patria
for (his) eeontry;

monamenta
the monamenta

yon

will-retain

aini.
f his

patiemini nullum sepalcram

(bat)
:::

mad (and eonrage),

corporis esse body to-be
-

jov-se

T:aliam?
Italy*

Qnisquam
"Will any-one

expellefc

(for his)

in

bone
:.

scntenuSi
b

ex nac orbe, qncm expnlsnm

v;
;;.'

v: :i=
7

:.

-;

bbs

"c

71

all

the cides
:.\::e

wiM

incite

to

>T ^ themselves ?

O
:

that

t-fbTiiib

:er:b\n
eoontrj,

f:;bb::
>f;
::::

bappy

which sfcall-haxe-reeeired
si

in-: virbn this man

:

Line
this

ingratam

nis^-rbir

si
if

:-.:..

br

Sed
R-5'.

si:

ibis.
-_

'_-

E
-

.;:

b :'_-: ,-

;.z

rib
11I*:

>"r 5b r

enhB
Lz
L
: :

Be
--

defendi
T-bb;..-:
in

lacrimis.
7-: -..:f

Oro
1;
;

qtie obtest ;r v;;,

...
.

.7

.1

::;;

7
s 7.

7 7':7S, - n
.

u:

fere:*, lis

Fententiis,

qxiod

::.s.

id

5508

OEATIO PKO
Credite
Believe

T.

ANNIO MILONE.
is
(that)

audeatis.
dare-to-do.

mihi,
me,

maxime
[Pompey]
'will

he

greatly

probabit
*approve

vestram
your

virtutem
virtue,

justitiam
justice

fidem,
a*id gooa-iaitn,

qui,
who, et wad

in legendis judicibus, delegit

in

quemque
each-one

optimum,
the best,

selecting

judges,

selected

sapientissimum, et
Host-wise,

fortissimum.
fearless).

and most-brave (and

Ill *w\

students and others

who

desire to lessen their

hours of study,

can do so by using

HAMILTON, LOCKE, and CLARK'S

System of
We
do amis*
to

Classical Instruction.
so rr.v.ch
or.e yeax.
i2

A GREAT AID TO STUDENTS,

r together spend seven or eight years me latin and Greek as might be learned otherwise easily and delightfully in

miserabb Milton
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SECOND OR FULL COURSE OF THE LATIN GRAMMAR.

In one volume, royal 12mo, 365 pages, half turkey-morocco binding. Price $1.50.

of this Grammar is altogether of a practical nature; for, while the learning the declensions and conjugations, he has them exemplified id lessons extracted from the Classics. Where this method has been properly ap-

The plan
is

cholar

plied, a

more rapid and thorough knowledge of the elements of Latin has always
This

been the result.

Grammar

is

adapted

to the Interlinear Series of Classics,

and all other systems. Even those teachers who are opposed
in this

to translations of

every kind in learning

Latin, could not reasonably object to the Practical Progressive

method

especially

elementary course, which only locks to the teaching of the first, or necessary principles of the language, previous to the commencement of the study of the classics; for the lessons here given have principally in view tht exemplifying f the declensions and the conjugations, and, by showing their practical use and application, to impress them more strongly on the mi^d of the pupil thus, also, removing the disgust of committing to memory things that he doe not understand, or of which he does not see the use.
;

OPINIONS OF TEACHERS, ETC.

me great pleasure to state, that I have found "Clark's Latin Grammar," which I put into the hands of a class of beginners, a very valuable auxiliary in teaching the rudiments of the Latin language. It commends itself to the favor f both teacher and pupil by the instructive variety of its exercises, combining as it does, Grammar lessons with translations from Latin into English, and from English into Latin. Its arrangement, mcr<t>ver, is such as to furnish the learner with a cue. that leads him successfully through th* Intricacies of Latin collocation, helping him over a difficulty that frequently preplexes &ni distresses the tyro. C. SeidensUcker. Principal of the Commercial and Classical Insiifrdt
It gives
i&fcelj

Filbert Street, Philadelphia.

will take the trouble to

To all who recommendationThe Syntax 1 regard as decidedly superior. The rules are peculiarly clear and comprehensive, thereby relieving the student from a heavy tax upon his time and memory, to which h would otherwise be subjected, and from which, perhaps, he is not equally free in the use of tny other work of the kind. Students who desire to acquire the Latin language in an easy Fiancxe and pleasant manner,, should not fail to make use of Mr. Clark's classical series.
I have examinad

"Thomas

Clark's Practical
it,

and Progressive Latin Grammar."

examine

its

own

intrinsic merit will be its best

ZfOrl^

Bayou Goula,

.Louisiana.

67

STANDARD SPEAKERS,
PUBUSHKD BY CHARLES DESILVFH,

fs 5z?:zs of STA.VTAEI

spiaiiss

THE STANDARD SPEAKER;

tttdsti
ifl

Iprnsr

nnJ)

Duettf.

FOR DECLAMATION IN SCHOOLS

ACADEMIES, LYCEUMS, AND C0UE6EI

_
V
~ _:
7.

Dm

1RA5SLATED OX COMPILED FROM CBUEB7.J.T ET POPFLAR DKBATEF.:

^]

DEKX.

a tkiatis:

?:a::?.y

an: e::cu:::>\

with notzs zi?:a.va::hi and h:dsrafh;cal BY EPES SARGENT,

it OH* Off* .-.--T.-

Tfii*

fcaxer

oaf undoubtedly acquired a higher reputation tbroag&vai

;:

*:

expenditure

:r.g:z:.~. '...:.:, i:

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3,

ill

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e-:ei

::"

tlo-

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In

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SARGENT'8 SERIES OF STANDARD SPEAKERS

THE

INTERMEDIATE STANDARD SPEAKER,

CONTAINING

PIECES FOR DECLAMATION, DIALOGUES

ETC,

IN

SCHOOLS AND COLLEGFS

INTRODUCTORY OR SUPPLEMENTARY TO THE STANDARD SPEAKER.

In one volume, 12wo., of 432 pages, half Turkey binding.
Price. $2.00,

Thi*
^fefices

contains a capital collection of Dialogues, and short, spirits for declamation; and the original Debates have acquired for it a wall

Speaker

SMrited and wide-spread reputation.

t&i&ed in the laiger

The Standard Speaker.

pieces are quite distinct from those co

THE

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mi

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In one 16mo volume, containing 160 pages, half-roan binding.

WOf*~,

Price, 60 centt

?or beginners in Declamation, this

it

the most attractive

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th8 language; the selections being

admirable, the original pieces skilfully

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and the whole

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<fcc.
;

AH

the above works are models o^

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they are printed

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and great care has beeo take f# reader them ta*wiremeta of the present progressive ag*

BTAKDABD SPEAKERS.

mm

'

FROST'S

AMERICAN SPEAKER,
COMPRISING A

COMPREHENSIVE TREATISE ON ELOCUTION,

AND
N

EXTENSIVE SELECTION OF SPECIMENS OF AMERICAN AND FOREIGN ELOQUENT!

EMBELLISHED WITH

Portraits of Distingnislied. American. Orators,

ENGRAVED ON STEEL.

8Y JOHN FROST, LL.D.,

AUTHOR OP THE 12M0. HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATE8.
In one 12mo. volume, containing 448 pages, half-roan binding.
Price, $1.50.

vk* Principles of Elocution

l>ciiberative, Forensic,

ibis work furnishes, within a small space, a correct and satisfactory Treatise 01 ; and a very rich and copious collection of specimens of

tion of the volume.

which

it

is

Academic, and Popular Eloquence fills up the greater porhas met with a very rapid sale, and the estimation in held by intelligent teachers has been attested by numerous recom
It

mendations.

.EXTRACT
" Eloquence
ffficient
is

PROM THE PREFACE.

one of the chief elements of political distinction, as well as one of the mow aids in advancing the cause of moral and religious improvement. How necessary a
tasteful elocution is to the education of

an orator, is obvious on the slightest true that some remarkable men have won their way to distinction at jrators, without carefully studying the principles nf elocution, it is not less true that tfeeh ray would have been smoother, and their difficulties fewer, if they had afforded themselvei
lorrect

and

reflection.

If

it is

this auxiliary; while,

Instruction in elocution

with the great mass of aspirants for this sort of eminence, a course is a matter of absolute necessity."

ol

OPINIONS OF EMINENT TEACHERS.

The "American Speaker,"
3n the manner of reading the
fey

edited
series

by Mr.

Frost,

is,

I think, one of the best

practical exercises in elocution that instructors or students can find.

so termed by elocutionists may be differently viewed

volama ft The numerous -dag

which they follow Walker's authority. Bat tharf can be no diversity of opinion as to the utility of the other parts of the work, and, particularly, the many pieces in which the inflections of the voice are marked throughout by ajy prt>] riate accents. WiRiom RusseU, Teacher of Elocution, and first Editor of the Journal af
instructors, according to the extent to

Education.

I consider "Frost's American Speaker" to be the best compilation of th<* kind that hafc aver met my eye. The principles of elocution therein laid down are excellent, *nd well cal The extracts are of a eulated to promote eloquence in every youthful American freeman high order, and, in general, breathe the spirit of liberty and independence Wi&iasm

dteo&AOer.

15

ANDARD
1229

mumh

HISTORIES,

PUBLISHED BY CHaKLES DESILVER,

CHESTNUT STEEET, PHILADELPHIA.

LORD'S HISTORY OP
i

THE UNITED STATE8

NEW HISTORY

OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

trie

For
tfJYEOB OF

Use of Schools.

BY JOHN LORD,
A MODERN HISTORY FROM
TELE

A.M.,
Price, $1.75

TIME OF LUTHER TO TH2 FALL OF NAtGUVM.

One volume, 12mo., 508 pages, half-morocco binding

This woik, written ia the attractive style for which the author is so nc*wa, k produce a love for the study in the minds of those pupiii It is beautifully illustrated with numerous dne Engravings,- and cob **nc use it. uins an excellent colored Map of the United States, beside several maps showini be position of various oattle-fields and piace. noted in our history.
ftdxnirabiy calculated to

\7

lORD'S MODERN HISTORY.

EUROPE, MODERN HISTORY OF PALL LUTHER

FROM THE TIME OP
TO THE

OP NAPOLEON.

BY JOHN LORD,

FOR THE USE OF SCHOOLS ANO COLLEGES.

A.M.,
8TATHJ.
Price^ $2.25.

UKTUKEB ON HISTORY, AND AUTHOR OF A NEW HISTORY OF THE UNITED

Gme volume, 12 wo., 544 pages, half morocco binding.

OPINIONS OF EMINENT EDUCATIONISTS.

is animated and perspicuous, the estimate of the eharacww and motives of the pwininsnt actors is discriminating and judicious, and, above all, ther-9 u Itn enlarged and g-snervue spirit running through the whUe. which produces the eonvictios

Tlie narrative is cle^r. the style

Ihat the author everywhere aims at truth, impartiality, ?*id strict justice. President of Harvard College.
I

Jared Sparks*

fiesued

satisfied 'hat "Lord'w History" is one of the most valuable books which has Yem from the press in this country or in England. It unites the qualities of brevity asi harness, with a power to interest which is rarely found in works of this class. fffs* Iff f&ppa*! formtciy Professor of History and Philosophy in the University of Ne-dJ York.

am

history as interesting, or better calculated to answer a s&at besides being especially usefu 1 as a text-book, ft Bay be read to advantage by almost any person in any walk of life. Prof H. Webster, 2* vr
I *3ar3ei7

kaow any work on

?*-.aable fvtfpose in the cause of education

*4pa

of

the

}Pw

York Free Academy.

is

**

Lord'I?

Modern History"

a living book, and presents the great events of an age Id 1

West, Principal of

attractive xsuxiner.

Its style is beautifully simple

aeisatiou ani clearness.

Pi yfessor

and graphic. It is remarkable for Rutgers Institute, New York.

it ooa-

tor

have carefully xamined "Lord's History of Modern Europe," and am free to say that, the use of schools, I consider it the best history with which I am acquainted. Jimn

~\>ad8* Professor of Belles Ltitres, Central High School, Philadelphia.

19

P1NN0CO

HISTORICAL SERIES.

HISTORY OP ROME.
PINNOCK'S IMPROVED EDITION
OP

DR GOLDSMITH'S HISTORY OF EOME;

TO WHICH
IS

PREFIXED

INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF ROMAN HISTORt

A GEEAT VARIETY OF INFORMATION
IS

GIVEN THROUGHOUT THE WORK,

CONCERNING THE

MANNERS, INSTITUTIONS, AND ANTIQUIT.ES

TOGETHER WITH

OF THE

ROMAN!;

QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION AT THE END OP

CS" SWiTIOIT.

BY

W.

C.

TAYLOR,

LL. D.

Iiustratefc tottj numerous 22nfltaufi* BY ATKERTON AND OTHERS.

A New
Om

and.

Revised Edition.
Pricty $1.75

volume, 12 mo., 339 pages, half roan binding.

EXTRACT FROM THE PREFACE,

Th* researches of Niebuhr and several other distinguished German scholars ha* tcivwt & Bew light on lloraan History, and enabled us to discover the true constitution of that / pablic which once ruled the destinies of the known world, and the influence of whose liter* tare and laws is still powerful in every civilized state, and will probably continue to be tell
the remptest posterity. These discoveries have, however, been hitherto useless to junioi tudents in this country; the works of the German critics being unsuited to the purposes ol iwhools, not only from their price, but also from the extensive learning requisite to follow tfcwm through their laborious disquisitions. The editor has, therefore, thought hat it would few no unacceptable yerviee to pn.fii: a few Introductory Chapters, detailing sueh results froic 1 their inquiries as be^t a re" 3 * a Itbh -haracter and condition of the Roman people, and explaia tfr? w>st im^ort&n^ po> t ; cn .f tv r/tory "
to

27

PINNOCO

HISTORICAL SERIES.

-- -<---

HISTORY OP GREECE,
PtNNOCK'S IMPROVED EDITION
DB.

GOLDSMITH'S HISTORY OF GHEECBi

REVISED CORRECTED, AND GREATLY ENLARGED,
BY THE ADDITION OP

Several

New
BY

Chapters, numerous Useru.1 Note,

AND

QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION AT THE END OF EACH SECTION.

W.

C.

TAYLOR, LL.D

ILLUSTRATED WITH NUMEROUS ENGRAVINGS

BY &THERTON AND OTHERS.
One
vol.

12mo., Bob pagts, half-room, binding.

Price, $1.75.

Of f%2|

tffe

11

ML
'W<iLj^^^^^<^-'^'

EXTRACT FROM THE PREFACE.

been made in this new edition of the Grecian history &ra make it a new work. The original history t f Ir.GokJ. aith xX Attains many 9 jeodotea of questionable authority, and very doubtful interest, derived iStm Plctarch and C-.rtius; while such important matters ag the Dorian migration *nd th4 addition of Ceylon *re wholly omitted. The compiler of the abridgment, following the <*act track* hurried OYer some of tbe most important periods with brief and scanty notice, white he assigned very disproportionate length to a few isolated incidents. Th3 present editor haj ideavored to remedy both evils, by abridging whatever appeared too diffuse, expanding th*>g* parta which were so brief as to be scarcely intelligible, and supplying the numerous omission* of the original work. The authorities to which he has principally had recourse are the hi* lories of Gillies and Mitford in the earlier part of tbe work, and Leland and Gast for th period subsequent to the Peloponuesian war. A brief sketch of modern Grecian history if nbjoined. in order that the stuient may have an opportunity of comparing the present pro* pect-j with the former fame of Greece/' "A brief sketch of the history of the minor states and of the islands is subjoined to th Appendix, and references are given to the share they had in any of the transactions recorded n Id tbe body of the work

*lhe

alterations that

V#*

5*eous and extensWp

id almost to

STANDARD W0RK.8

PUBLISHED BY CHARLES DESILVEft

1229

iATUHAl SCIENCES,
CHESTNUT STEEET, PHILADELPHIA.

JOHNSTON'S TURNER'S CHEMISTRY

A MANUAL OF CHEMISTRY,
ON THE BASIS OF

DR. TURNEE'S
TEXT-BOOK
IN

ELEMENTS OP CHEMISTRY; CONTAINING, CONDENSED FORM,

IN A

LL THE MOST IMPORTANT FACTS AND PRINCIPLES OF THE SCIENCE, AN1

DESIGNED AS A

COLLEGES AND OTHER SEMINARIES OF LEARNING

A New

and. Improved ICdition. BY JOHN JOHNSTON, LL. D.,

PR0PE880R OF NATURAL SCIENCE IN WESLEY AN UNIVERSITY.

HiLUSTRATED BY THREE HUNDRED AND EIGHTEEN ENOEAVINOS

In one volume, 12mo., 379 pages, half turkey-morocco binding.
Price, $2.50.

JOHNSTON'S TURNER'S ELEMENTS OF CHEMISTRI

ELEMENTS OF CHEMISTRY,

FOR THE USE OF COMMON SCHOOLS.

BY JOHN JOHNSTON, LL. D., PROFSjSOR OF NATURAL SCIENCE IN THE WE8LEYAN UNlVERSlTfCSAUTJjrUJLXiT IX1.U8TRATED WITH NUMEROUS ENGRAVING8 ON WtiWfc A and. Improved Kdition.

New

Sn one

voluble, 12w*o., containing

383 pages, half-morocco binding

is

Price, $1.50.

'Johnston's Turner's Chemistry"

taeciing Colleges

the standard

text-book of

many

of

th*

&u

and prominent Medical Institutions of the United States Elementary Chemistry " is extensively used in the best Public Schools.
31

v&4

JOHNSTON'S NATURAL PHILOSOPHIES

JOHNSTON'S NATURAL PHILOSOPHY

A MANUAL OF NATURAL PHILOSOPHY,
COMPILED FROM VARIOUS SOURCES, AND DESIGNED AS A

fKXT-BOOK IN HIGH SCHOOLS AND ACADIMIB8

BY JOHN JOHNSTON,
H ft' tttfx toft!) Stytee ^utitrreo
T

LL. D.
**%

PROFESSOR OF NATURAL SCIENCE IN THE WESLETAN UNIVERSITY.

anDf j)frtn^too iSnjjrabfnss on

A New
to

and. Revised Edition, ENLARGED AND IMPROVED

Pric^ $1.75.

9m mhme,

12mo., 379 pages, half turkey-morocco binding.

The present
fforei.

edition of this

work

will

be found
its

much

enlarged and greatly la

Exact

in its definitions, original in

illustrations, full

and familiaf

ih

an examination of the viork cannot Recently it has been recommended for us ail to result in its decided approval. in ihe common schools by the Board of Education of the State of New Hampshire. It has also been adopted in the High School of Cambridge, Massachusetts, and la Sirard College, Philadelphia, as well as in many Academies and School* in variom actions of the Union. 36
.'gplanitions, the publisher feels confident that

JOHNSTON'S NATURAL PHILOSOPHIES.

PRIMARY NATURAL PHILOSOPHY,

DESIGNED FOR

THE USE OF THE YOUNGER CLASS OF LEARNERS.

BY JOHN JOHNSTON,

LL. D.

FBOFKBSOB OF NATURAL SCIENCE IN THE VESLEYAN UNIVERSITY, AUTHOR 2F ''JOHNSTOff'S TURNER'S CHEMISTRY," "JOHNSTONS TURNER'S ELEMENTS OF CHEMISTRY,"

AND "JOHNSTON'S NATURAL PHILOSOPHY."

Kiuatrateti bg <ne ^untrreti autr Setent2*Etoo

One
vol.

iZnQxMnQX.

18wo., 184 pages, Tialfroan binding.

Price 80 cenU,

This little volume is intended to aid tJv* younger class of lsarre^* in aeq>*? Trag knowledge of some of the fundamental principles of Natural Philosophy, ird to give them such a taste for the study as mil !ead to the examination / #i
a

lavanesd works on the science. Though but a short time before th<3 ptzbiia, U fc*r met with such decided success, tiat it is now used in a large number of sohaei " *ii w> iona of the Union.
f

MMESCA'S FRENCH EDUCATIONAL SERIES

MANESOA'S FRENCH GHAMUAEI

OR,

The

Serial

and Oral Method

of

Teaching Languages

ADAPTED TO THE FRENCH.

BY
L.

MANE SO A.
Price, $1.50.

im one volume, large 12mo., 535 pages, half bound in Turkey morocco.

MANESCA'S FRENCH READER.

PSEPAJIED TOR THE USE OF STUDENTS TVHO HAVE GONE THROUGH TH* COURSE OF LESSONS CONTAINED IN THE " METHOD ;
TO

WHkH

IS

ADDED,

Table of the French Verbs,

FACILITATE THEIR ACQUISITION.

ABRANGED AND CLASSIFIED ON A NEW PLAN, CALCULATED TO GEE VTLT

BY
In one volume, large
l'Imo.,

L.

MANESCA.
Price, $1.50.

312 pages, half turkey morocco binding.

OPINIONS OF EMINENT TEACHERS.

Manesca's Method being designed, not only to teach the French language correctly, hilt jo in the shortest possible time, all the words and phrases selected are susceptible of interIt Combination, and are so well adapted to the form of a dialogue, or colloquial intercourse, bethis way. The number of tx-*en the teacher and pupil, as to admit of immediate use words which may be thus combined, increases with every additional lesson, giving life and variety to the dialogue; yet the amount of new materials introduced does not in any maimer interfere with the continued use of expressions previously committc-d to memory On the contrary, the pupil becomes more familiar with them, and better able to apply them in ordinary conversation. This last object is the most difficult oi attainment, and all the Other methods of tuition hitherto arranged on this plan have proved to be failures, because 5oo many new words have been crowded into a very limited compass, whereby the pupil's entire attention has been monopolized, at the expense of much of his previously-acquired Knowledge. The pupil having once forgotten the more simple words of the language, aaturally becomes diffident of his ability to sneak it, and this gradually merges into a repug ^&nce to attempt its use in conversation, which continually increases. The chief merit of Manesca's Method consists in the easy and almost imperceptible manner in which the pupil becomes familiarized with the use of the French language and hence it* icided superiority to the old systems of Perrin, Wanastrocht. Levizac, &c, which, being filled with exercises on rules, the learner becomes acquainted with the rules, but not with the us* of the language. By the continued use of the elements, both old and new, Manesca keeps *hem coii/tantly fresh in the pupil's mind, and prevents him from forgetting any of them; B i, as these elements are integral parts of the language, and, as their combination is effected recording to well-defined rules, their persistent use teaches not only the language, but al tht V. Value, Professor oftfie French Language, Philadelphia. Tiiea whnh got era its construction.

alANESCA Grammar is an admirable school book, much superior to that of Ollendorf, which & but an imitation of the system of which John Manesca is the author. My opinion is, that the new Practical Grammar of L. Manesca is the best work that can be adopted to teach, to speak, and to write the French language. The Reader, by the same author, is very good, and can be adapted to any system. Extra?* of a Letter from Alphome Brunner, Professor of tfe Frewh Language, Cincinnati.

Manesca I consider
ae
it

hereafter.

R. M.

far superior to

Ollendorf s, Pirmey's, or Fasquelle's Methxi. McCord, Atkadelphia, Ark.

51

I sh*V

8TANIARD WORKS
ON

sum

isysiiw

ayy

iu

%j>

PUBLISHED BY CHARLES DESILVER,

1229

CHESTNUT STREET, PHILADELPHIA.

SMITH'S MATHEMATICAL SERIES

AMERICAN STATISTICAL ARITHMETIC,

DESIGNED FOR ACADEMIES AND SCHOOLS.

EY FRANCIS

H.

SMITH,

A.M.,

ItfpHRJNTENDENT AND PROFESSOR OF MATHEMATICS IN THE VIRGINIA MILITARY INSTITUTE, LAEi PROFESSOR OF MATHEMATICS IN HAMPDEN SIDNEY COLLEGE, AND FORMERLY ASSISTANT PROFESSOR IN THE UNITED STATES MILITARY ACADEMY, WEST POINT,

AND

It.

T.

W.

DUKE,
Price, 60 cents

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF MATHEMATICS IN THE VIRGINIA MILITARY INSTITUTE

FoTarth. Edition.

M one

volum-e, royal ISmo., containing

282 pages, half-roan binding.

INTRODUCTION
TO

SMITH AND DUKE'S ARITHMETIC.

fi/PERIJTTENDENT

BY FRANCIS H. SMITH, A.M., AWD PROFESSOR OF MATHEMATICS IN THE VIRGINIA MILITARY

r l.,

INSTITUTE.

Om

18mo., 93 pages, half-roan binding.

J
6

Pi-ice

40

cents.

<

A KEY
TO

SMITH AND DUKE'S ARITHMETIC.

PREPARED BY WILLIAM FORBES,
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF MATHEMATICS IN THE VIRGINIA MILITARY INSTITUTE.

One

tolume, ISmo., 112 pages, half-roan binding.

Price, 60 cents.

The design of the author of the "Statistical Arithmetic" has been to illustrata the various rules by examples selected, whenever practicable, from the most prominent facts connected with the history, geography, and statistics of the United
States.

Arithmetic thus becomes a medium for communicating much important information, which will readily be apprehended by the youthful mind, and be impressed upon
it

throughout

life.

43

HOUSEHOLD ECOMY-COOKERY-LETTER-WRITER.

STANDARD HAND-BOOK
OP

HOUSEHOLD ECONOMY FOR THE PEOPLE;

COMPRISING

Plain Directions for the Management of a Family, Servants, Lying-in Boom, Nursery, Sick-Room, Flower-Garden, Kitchen-Garden, and Household Pets;
AND
ALSO,

FOR THE PREPARATION AND ADMINISTRATION OF REMEDIES FOR DISEASE.

In one volume, royal 18mo., bound in fancy boards.
Price 50
cents,

S O YER'S COOKERY FOR THE PEOPLE: STANDARD

EMBRACING

AN ENTIRELY NEW SYSTEM OF PLAIN COOKERY AND DOMESTIC ECONOMY.

BY ALEXIS SOYEK,
AUTHOR OF "THE MODERN HOUSEWIFE,"
ETC., ETC.

FIRST AMERICAN,

FROM THE LATEST LONDON

EDITION.

In one volume, royal ISmo., bound in fancy boards.

Price 50 cents.

tha This "Cookery," by the veritable Soyer, has had an unprecedented run in England months, reached the enormous number of 200,000 copies. It is written upon the principle of giving no directions which are not perfectly comprehensible by every reader; who can, after perusal, prepare the desired dish equally as well as could Soyer himself. Another great advantage is, that the author has not omitted the slightest article of cheap food of any description ; and this, with the valuable receipts for dressing the same, has made it prove a great blessing to many, by introducing to their notice numerous articles with which they were formerly unacquainted, but which now form a iarge part of theii
sales having, in a few

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NEW

STANDARD LETTER-WRITER FOR THE PEOPLE:

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IIIU

ANC PRECISE DIRECTIONS FOR CONDUCTING EPISTOLARY CORRESPONDENCE

WITH

NUMEROUS SPECIMENS OP LETTERS, ADAPTED TO EVERY BUSINESS PURSUIT, CLASS, AND GRADE OF RELATIONSHIP;
MANY
OF WHICH ARE

Printed in the Characters ordinarily Used in Writing.

fa one royal IHmo. volume,

bound in fancy boards.

Price 50 cents.

105

TJRCULLU'S SPANISH

SEMES -PARKER'S

LUU1U.

URCULLU'S SPANISH GRAMMAR.

A GRAMMAR OF THE SPANISH LANGUAGE,

BASED ON THE SYSTEM OF DON JOSE DE URCULLU,
4l80 with reference to the Publications of the Academy of Spain, the Works of Hera&ndii and Fosse, and the Compendium of Don Augustin Munoz Alvarez, of the College of Seville
s

BY FAYETTE ROBINSON.
For the Use of those Desirous
One
vol.

of

Learning the Spanish Language

Price, $2.00.

12mo, cloth.

GRAMATICA INGLESA,
REDUCIDA A VEINTE Y DOS LECCIONBS, POR DON JOSE DE URCULLU.
Edicion Primera Americana de la Septima de Paris,

AUMENTADA Y REVISADA

POR FAYETTE ROBINSON.

One
vol.

12mo, cloth.

$2.00.

LOGIC;
THE ART OE REASONING SIMPLIFIED,
CONTAINING

REMARKS ON INTUITIVE AND DEDUCTIVE EVIDENCE

DISTINCTIONS BETWEEN

ARASCNLNG BY INDUCTION, ANALOGY, AND SYLLOGISM, ILLUSTRATED; THE ANCIENT AND MODERN MODES OF ARGUMENTATION CONTRASTED, AND THE GENERAL PROCESS OF REASONING, AND ITS SUSCEPTIBILITY OF IMPROVEMENT FROM ART STATED;
ALSO
ITic Distinctions

between Metaphysical, Moral, and Mathematical Demonstration, Method of Detecting Fallacies, or Deviations from Correct Reasoning, and the Rules of Interpretation, Controversy, and Method,
WITH

tfea

EXERCISES ON A VARIETY OF INTERESTING TOPICS,

TO GUIDE AND DEVELOP THE REASONING POWERS OF THE YOUTHFUL

Inquirer

a ft er

Truth.

BY
In one

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PAKKER,
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*WP*Xi OF THE ARTICLES "PROSODY," "QUANTITY," AND "VERSIFICATION." IN DR. REES' Cr^LOF EDIA

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53


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INTERLINEARS.
=>*==

CLASSICAL WORKS
PUBLISHED B
Charles De Silver
T .

&

Sons, Philadelphia.

HAMILTON, LOCKE, AND CLARKE'S INTERLINEAR CLASSICS.

The
ence of
'plan of these works is not new.

It is merely the adaptation of

jy

and most inquiring minds in educational pu. methodizing what was vague and loose. When the Latin tongue was the on language of diplomacy and scientific international communication, to acquire
of the best

many

was considered of more importance than now. This method wt John Ascham, Latin Secretary to Quer Elizabeth, by the best Latin scholar and writer of his time, John Milton, a In teaching classes by oral dictation, these works prest also by John Locke. advantages that no others contain. From the thousands of testimonials as to ti excellence of the Interlinear System from teachers and eminent literary men, tU publishers pive a few selections as specimens.
knowledge of
it

then recommended by Cardinal Wolsey,

VIRGIL. JAN 119^ Wte Mte g. finite

gbw,

CONSISTING OF

THE

BUCOLICS, GEORGICS and the JENEID OF YIRGIL.

With the Original Text reduced to the Natural Order op Construction, and an Interlinear Translation, as nearly
Literal as the Idiomatic Differences of the Latin and English Languages will allow.

ADAPTED TO THE SYSTEM OF CLASSICAL INSTEUCTION

Combining the Methods of Ascham, Milton, and Locke.

By LEVI

HART

and

V. R.

OSBORN.
Price,
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In One Volume, Royal 12mo, 512 Pages, Half Turkey Morocco.

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