Exercise Science Section 4/5: The Evolution of Physical Activity and Sport / Social issues in Physical Activity and

Sport

An Introduction to Health and Physical Education

Ted Temertzoglou Paul Challen
ISBN 1-55077-132-9
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 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P8_pK3HEvBM

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 Learning Objectives
Basic trends in (Canadian) sports history Role of Greeks

Canadians who have excelled in the Olympics

The rise of North American pro sport leagues

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The Greeks and Romans

Greeks formed early Olympic Games First recorded games in 776 B.C. Olympics held beginning of each new Olympiad in homage to

Zeus A truce one month before games so athletes could travel to Olympia Olympic Peace concept still embraced by modern Olympics

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The Olympic Movement

First modern Olympics in Greece in 1896 43 events 245 athletes competed No women or non-European countries competed The Olympic Charter:

Details goals for Olympic Movement

Help create a better world by educating through sport without

discrimination and fostering understanding, friendship, and fair play Emphasizes peace, tolerance, education, fair play, international understanding, and amateurism

Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.

International Olympic Committee

Baron Pierre de Coubertin founded International Olympic

Committee (IOC) in 1894 International members who represent Olympic movement in their countries Main responsibility is to govern the Winter and Summer Olympics

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Summer and Winter Games

Summer Games Held every four years Winter Games Held every four years since its inception in 1924 Until 1994 Winter Games fell in the same year as the

Summer Games

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The Rise of Professional Sports

National Hockey League (NHL) Began in 1917 with five teams Montreal Canadiens Montreal Wanderers Ottawa Senators Quebec Bulldogs Toronto Arenas Canadian Football League (CFL) Evolved in late 1800s and early 1900s from rugby In 1909 Governor Early Grey donated trophy Grey Cup CFL formed in 1958 Only professional league to operate solely in Canada

Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.

Professional Sports and Leagues contd

National Lacrosse League Formed in 1986 12 teams Three teams in Canada Calgary Roughnecks
iStockphoto.com/jbpcpa

Edmonton Rush
Toronto Rock Vancouver Stealth

Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.

 Exercise 24.4 Complete exercise 24.4 for three (3) Canadian athletes. Due Thursday January 9th, 2013 Use your textbook (pg. 299-301, 305-307, 309-313) or the internet to fill in Major Achievements

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VIOLENCE IN SPORT

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Aggression and Violence in Sport

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 Violence in sports parallels the reality of violence in a

society as a whole
We see examples of societal violence every time we watch

the evening news Sport news isnt much better

Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.

Examples of Violence in Sport

Hockey
Hits Fighting 2000: Marty McSorley knocks out Donald Brashear by slashing him in the

head with his stick Todd Bertuzzis hit on Steve Moore.

Basketball Baseball Football

1995: Verno Maxwell hits an abusive fan in the stands Roger Clements throws the jagged piece of a broken bat at Mike Piazza

Examples can be found in almost every sport Can you think of any other examples?
(video)

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Definitions

Violence = extreme aggression There are three distinct components of aggressive behaviour:
1. 2. 3.

Hostile Aggression Instrumental Aggression Assertive Behaviour

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Hostile Aggression

Instrumental Aggression

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Hostile Aggression
The

Instrumental Aggression

intent is to cause

harm

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Instrumental Aggression The intent is to cause The intent is to cause harm harm

Hostile Aggression

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Instrumental Aggression The intent is to cause The intent is to cause harm harm The goal is to cause suffering

Hostile Aggression

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Instrumental Aggression The intent is to cause The intent is to cause harm harm The goal is to cause The goal is to achieve suffering some external award

Hostile Aggression

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Instrumental Aggression The intent is to cause The intent is to cause harm harm The goal is to cause The goal is to achieve suffering some external award Anger is usually involved

Hostile Aggression

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Instrumental Aggression The intent is to cause The intent is to cause harm harm The goal is to cause The goal is to achieve suffering some external award Anger is usually No anger is involved involved

Hostile Aggression

Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.

Instrumental Aggression The intent is to cause The intent is to cause harm harm The goal is to cause The goal is to achieve suffering some external award Anger is usually No anger is involved involved Performed outside the rules of the game

Hostile Aggression

Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.

Instrumental Aggression The intent is to cause The intent is to cause harm harm The goal is to cause The goal is to achieve suffering some external award Anger is usually No anger is involved involved Performed outside Performed within the the rules of the game rules of the game

Hostile Aggression

Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.

Instrumental Aggression The intent is to cause The intent is to cause harm harm The goal is to cause The goal is to achieve suffering some external award Anger is usually No anger is involved involved Performed outside Performed within the the rules of the game rules of the game
e.g. fist-fighting in hockey
Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.

Hostile Aggression

Instrumental Aggression The intent is to cause The intent is to cause harm harm The goal is to cause The goal is to achieve suffering some external award Anger is usually No anger is involved involved Performed outside Performed within the the rules of the game rules of the game
e.g. fist-fighting in hockey e.g. aggressive checking meant to hurt the opponent

Hostile Aggression

Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.

Assertive Behaviour
Often confused with aggression Increased effort and energy

expenditure No intent to harm No anger involved May result in harm, but any resultant harm is incidental to the game E.g. Assertive checking meant to slow down the opponent
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What Causes Aggressive Behavior in Sport?

The following causes most likely interact to cause aggressive behaviour

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Physical Contact

Sports with a lot of physical contact result in more aggression

If player believes that the opponent is trying to hurt him/her there is an increased likelihood that aggression will occur

Recommendations:
Encouraging athletes to increase effort vs. aggressive acts 2. Victory (vs. harm) = the ultimate way to get back at an opponent 3. Others?
1.

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Other Forms of Violence

Spectator violence

-Soccer, tailgating
Violence against referees Violence against athletes Monica Seles stabbed by fan of Steffi Graf Tie Domi Andres Escobar own goal vs USA, 94
Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.