The BillaVista Preliminary Spring Rate Calculator - 2008 Bill "BillaVista" Ansell, Al

Calculator is designed to suggest preliminary spring rates on the basis of a desired suspension height or a desired suspension Suggested preliminary spring rates are only a starting point - spring length, shock valving, link geometry, coilover mounting geo Method -----> Suspension Height Suspension Frequency Front Front Rear Rear Inputs 806 CSW (lbs) 806 613 613 16 WT (in) 16 16 16 38 d1 (in) 38 44 44 38 d2 (in) 38 44 44 5 alpha () 5 2 2 SH (%) 50 50 250 SUR (%) 250 250 250 1.1 Fn (Hz) 1.1 Target Outputs WRi(t) (lbs/in) DR ACF IR Fn(i)(t) (Hz) DTt (in) BTt (in) SHt (%) Ki(t) (lbs/in) Kt(t) (lbs/in) Km(t) (lbs/in) SUR (%) WRf(t) lbs/in Fn(f((t) (Hz) Result Inputs Kt (lbs/in) Km (lbs/in) Result Outputs Ki (lbs/in) WRi (lbs/in) WRf (lbs.in) SUR (%) Fn(i) (Hz) Fn(f) (Hz) DT (in) BT (in) SH (%)

101 1 0.9962 0.9962 1.106 7.9 8.1 50 102 169 254 250 252 1.748

77 1 0.9994 0.9994 1.106 8.0 8.0 50 77 128 192 250 192 1.748

100 1 0.9962 0.9962 1.100 8.0 8.0 50 100 167 251 250 249 1.739

76 1 0.9994 0.9994 1.100 8.1 7.9 50 76 127 190 250 190 1.739

175 250

120 175

165 250

125 185

103 102 248 243 1.113 1.735 7.9 8.1 49

71 71 175 246 1.065 1.670 8.6 7.4 54

99 99 248 252 1.094 1.735 8.2 7.8 51

75 75 185 248 1.090 1.717 8.2 7.8 51

~ Droop travel, bump travel, & suspension height figures are only valid if the springs just fit between spring seats with ~ Play with the corner sprung weights and observe what a huge difference they make. Accurate weights are VITAL. If you gues ~ Adjust the shock mounting angle (alpha) and observe the results. ~ Ajust the SUR between 200-300% and observe the effects.

~ Calculator may not provide spring rates commercially available in your chosen brand/length/I.D. Pick the closest available and ~ You can plug various commercially available spring rates into the "Result Inputs" section to see the range of possibilities. Par

ulator - 2008 Bill "BillaVista" Ansell, All Rights Reserved.

asis of a desired suspension height or a desired suspension frequency g length, shock valving, link geometry, coilover mounting geometry, use of anti-roll bar, terrain, speed, personal preference and even seats a Notes Green inputs are measured. Blue inputs are subjective targets Corner sprung weight = the weight on that corner supported by the springs Actual measured total wheel travel available from full droop to full bump in ride mode with shocks installed but no springs Length of suspension-lever load arm = distance from shock mount to suspension pivot point
Length of suspension-lever effort arm = distance from wheel centre to suspension pivot point

Angle between shock axis and vertical (if shock mounted on axle) or angle between shock axis and lower link (if shock mounte Percentage of wheel travel desired to be available for droop. i.e. how much of the shock shaft is in the body as static ride heigh Normally 200-300%. In a dula-rate spring setup, step-up ratio is the percentage by which the spring rate jumps at the transition The natural frequency (in cyles per second) of the undamped suspension.

Generates suggested tender and main spring rates to achieve desired reults. Target initial wheel rate - the wheel rate we're aiming for with the given (blue) inputs Displacement ratio describes the relationship between wheel travel and shock travel that results from the lever between wheel Angle correction factor describes the relationship between wheel travel and shock travel that results from the angle at which the The IR is the ratio of wheel travel to spring/shock travel. IR combines the displacement ratio and the angle correction factor into Traget initial suspension frequency - the Fn that results from the initial wheel rate. Target droop travel - assuming springs just fit between spring seats with shock fully extended Target bump travel - assuming springs just fit between spring seats with shock fully extended Target suspension height - assuming springs just fit between spring seats with shock fully extended Target Initial Spring Rate - based on target initial wheel rate and installation ratio Target tender spring rate - suggested tender spring rate to achieve target initial wheel rate Target main spring rate - suggested main spring rate based on target initial spring rate and chosen step-up ratio Step-up ratio given by the target spring rates. Target final wheel rate - the final wheel rate we're aiming for with the given (blue) inputs Traget final suspension frequency - the Fn that results from the final wheel rate. Enter the springs you actually intend to use Actual tender spring rate used - select commercially available spring closest to target Kt Actual main spring rate used - select commercially available spring closest to target Km

Suspension characteristics based on actual selected springs. The initial (combined) spring rate of the selected springs The initial wheel rate achieved by the selected springs. Equal to the initial spring rate adjusted for installation ratio (DR & ACF) Final wheel rate - the wheel rate after the transition from the initial spring rate to the final spring rate. Equal to the selected main Step-up ratio between the initial wheel rate and the final wheel rate. The initial suspension frequency achieved by the selected springs. The final suspension frequency achieved by the selected springs. Droop travel available with the selected springs - assuming springs just fit between spring seats with shock fully extended Bump travel available with the selected springs - assuming springs just fit between spring seats with shock fully extended Suspension height given by use of selected springs - assuming springs just fit between spring seats with shock fully extended

only valid if the springs just fit between spring seats with shock fully extended (i.e. if the springs just fit at shock travel = 0) fference they make. Accurate weights are VITAL. If you guess your weights, the calculator will guess your spring rates!! s.

n your chosen brand/length/I.D. Pick the closest available and plug into "Result Inputs" to see actual results. e "Result Inputs" section to see the range of possibilities. Particularly useful if you are choosing to buy a "range" of springs with which to test

ference and even seats and tires will all play a part in the ultimate expression of the vehicles ride and handling

alled but no springs

wer link (if shock mounted on lower link), measured with angle finder body as static ride height. te jumps at the transition from the initial spring rate to the final (main) spring rate.

the lever between wheel and shock created by the mounting location of the shock. om the angle at which the shock is mounted. ngle correction factor into a single ratio that relates wheel travel to shock travel by accounting for the location and angle of the shock mounti

allation ratio (DR & ACF) Equal to the selected main spring rate, adjusted for installation ratio (DR & ACF)

hock fully extended hock fully extended with shock fully extended

shock travel = 0) tes!!

springs with which to test & eval.

andling

cation and angle of the shock mounting (the shock geometry).

Corner Sprung Weight Calculator

~ User entered values are in green text ~ Calculated values are in black text, average in blue text LEFT FRONT RIGHT FRONT 38 38 5 1 0.9962 0.9962 38 38 5 1 0.9962 0.9962

Step 1- Calculate Installation Ratio d1 (in) d2 (in) alpha () DR ACF IR Step 2 - Calculate Coil's Spring Rate (skip if rate is known) Dw (wire diameter) (in) Di (inside diameter) (in) Dm (coil mean diameter) (in) Na (number of active coils) K (spring rate) (lbs / in)

0.64 2.5 3.14 14 544

0 2.5 2.5 12 0

Step 3 - Enter Spring Rate (either manufacturer's spec or calculated in step 2 above) Main Spring - Rate (lbs/in) Tender Spring - Rate (lbs/in) Combined Spring Rate (lbs/in) Step 4 - Calculate Spring Deflection at Ride Height Main Spring - Free Length (in) Main Spring - Length at Ride Height (in) Main Spring - Deflection at Ride Height (in) Tender Spring - Free Length (in) Tender Spring - Length at Ride Height (in) Tender Spring - Deflection at Ride Height (in) Combined Springs - Free Length (in) Combined Springs - Length at Ride Height (in) Combined Springs - Deflection at Ride Height (in) 15.875 14.2 1.675 13.875 11.6 2.275 29.75 25.8 3.95 15.875 14.2 1.675 13.875 11.6 2.275 29.75 25.8 3.95 350 275 154 350 275 154

Step 5 - Calculate Corner Sprung Weight from the spring rate, the installation ratio, and the spring deflection Corner Sprung Weight - by Main Spring (lbs) Corner Sprung Weight - by Tender Spring (lbs) Corner Sprung Weight - by Combined Springs (lbs) Corner Sprung Weight - average (lbs) 584 623 606 604 584 623 606 604

age in blue text LEFT REAR 44 44 2 1 0.9994 0.9994

RIGHT REAR 44 44 2 1 0.9994 0.9994

0 2.5 2.5 12 0

0 2.5 2.5 12 0

300 200 120

300 200 120

15.875 14.3 1.575 13.875 11.6 2.275 29.75 25.9 3.85

15.875 14.3 1.575 13.875 11.6 2.275 29.75 25.9 3.85

472 455 462 463

472 455 462 463

Tender Spring Rates are listed across the top, Main Spring Rates are listed down the left side. The intersection of the two gives the combined (initial) spring rate. Tender Spring Rate Main Spring Rate 80 90 100 110 120 125 130 140 150 165 175 185 200 225 250 275 300 350 375 400 425 450 475 500 525 550 600 625 650 700 725 750 800 80 40 42 44 46 48 49 50 51 52 54 55 56 57 59 61 62 63 65 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 71 71 71 72 72 72 73 90 100 110 120 125 130 140 150 165 175 42 44 46 48 49 50 51 52 54 55 45 47 50 51 52 53 55 56 58 59 47 50 52 55 56 57 58 60 62 64 50 52 55 57 59 60 62 63 66 68 51 55 57 60 61 62 65 67 69 71 52 56 59 61 63 64 66 68 71 73 53 57 60 62 64 65 67 70 73 75 55 58 62 65 66 67 70 72 76 78 56 60 63 67 68 70 72 75 79 81 58 62 66 69 71 73 76 79 83 85 59 64 68 71 73 75 78 81 85 88 61 65 69 73 75 76 80 83 87 90 62 67 71 75 77 79 82 86 90 93 64 69 74 78 80 82 86 90 95 98 66 71 76 81 83 86 90 94 99 103 68 73 79 84 86 88 93 97 103 107 69 75 80 86 88 91 95 100 106 111 72 78 84 89 92 95 100 105 112 117 73 79 85 91 94 97 102 107 115 119 73 80 86 92 95 98 104 109 117 122 74 81 87 94 97 100 105 111 119 124 75 82 88 95 98 101 107 113 121 126 76 83 89 96 99 102 108 114 122 128 76 83 90 97 100 103 109 115 124 130 77 84 91 98 101 104 111 117 126 131 77 85 92 99 102 105 112 118 127 133 78 86 93 100 103 107 114 120 129 135 79 86 94 101 104 108 114 121 131 137 79 87 94 101 105 108 115 122 132 138 80 88 95 102 106 110 117 124 134 140 80 88 96 103 107 110 117 124 134 141 80 88 96 103 107 111 118 125 135 142 81 89 97 104 108 112 119 126 137 144 185 56 61 65 69 73 75 76 80 83 87 90 93 96 102 106 111 114 121 124 126 129 131 133 135 137 138 141 143 144 146 147 148 150 200 57 62 67 71 75 77 79 82 86 90 93 96 100 106 111 116 120 127 130 133 136 138 141 143 145 147 150 152 153 156 157 158 160 225 59 64 69 74 78 80 82 86 90 95 98 102 106 113 118 124 129 137 141 144 147 150 153 155 158 160 164 165 167 170 172 173 176 250 61 66 71 76 81 83 86 90 94 99 103 106 111 118 125 131 136 146 150 154 157 161 164 167 169 172 176 179 181 184 186 188 190 275 62 68 73 79 84 86 88 93 97 103 107 111 116 124 131 138 143 154 159 163 167 171 174 177 180 183 189 191 193 197 199 201 205 300 63 69 75 80 86 88 91 95 100 106 111 114 120 129 136 143 150 162 167 171 176 180 184 188 191 194 200 203 205 210 212 214 218 350 65 72 78 84 89 92 95 100 105 112 117 121 127 137 146 154 162 175 181 187 192 197 202 206 210 214 221 224 228 233 236 239 243 375 66 73 79 85 91 94 97 102 107 115 119 124 130 141 150 159 167 181 188 194 199 205 210 214 219 223 231 234 238 244 247 250 255

n the left side.

400 67 73 80 86 92 95 98 104 109 117 122 126 133 144 154 163 171 187 194 200 206 212 217 222 227 232 240 244 248 255 258 261 267

425 67 74 81 87 94 97 100 105 111 119 124 129 136 147 157 167 176 192 199 206 213 219 224 230 235 240 249 253 257 264 268 271 278

450 68 75 82 88 95 98 101 107 113 121 126 131 138 150 161 171 180 197 205 212 219 225 231 237 242 248 257 262 266 274 278 281 288

475 68 76 83 89 96 99 102 108 114 122 128 133 141 153 164 174 184 202 210 217 224 231 238 244 249 255 265 270 274 283 287 291 298

500 69 76 83 90 97 100 103 109 115 124 130 135 143 155 167 177 188 206 214 222 230 237 244 250 256 262 273 278 283 292 296 300 308

525 69 77 84 91 98 101 104 111 117 126 131 137 145 158 169 180 191 210 219 227 235 242 249 256 263 269 280 285 290 300 305 309 317

550 70 77 85 92 99 102 105 112 118 127 133 138 147 160 172 183 194 214 223 232 240 248 255 262 269 275 287 293 298 308 313 317 326

600 71 78 86 93 100 103 107 114 120 129 135 141 150 164 176 189 200 221 231 240 249 257 265 273 280 287 300 306 312 323 328 333 343

625 71 79 86 94 101 104 108 114 121 131 137 143 152 165 179 191 203 224 234 244 253 262 270 278 285 293 306 313 319 330 336 341 351

650 71 79 87 94 101 105 108 115 122 132 138 144 153 167 181 193 205 228 238 248 257 266 274 283 290 298 312 319 325 337 343 348 359

700 72 80 88 95 102 106 110 117 124 134 140 146 156 170 184 197 210 233 244 255 264 274 283 292 300 308 323 330 337 350 356 362 373

725 72 80 88 96 103 107 110 117 124 134 141 147 157 172 186 199 212 236 247 258 268 278 287 296 305 313 328 336 343 356 363 369 380

750 72 80 88 96 103 107 111 118 125 135 142 148 158 173 188 201 214 239 250 261 271 281 291 300 309 317 333 341 348 362 369 375 387

800 73 81 89 97 104 108 112 119 126 137 144 150 160 176 190 205 218 243 255 267 278 288 298 308 317 326 343 351 359 373 380 387 400

Anti-Pitching Front to Rear Suspension Frequency Balance Calculator

Use this simple calculator to determine by how much the front to rear suspension frequencies should differ to combat pitching a ~ User entered values are in green text. ~ Calculated values are in black text. There are multiple columns for data input so you can easily calculate and compare the results for different speeds and/or whee Method 1 - I know what I want my front suspension frequency to be - what should the rear be? Wheelbase (in) 105 105 105 105 Speed (mph) 20 40 60 80 Fn(front) (Hz) 1.107 1.107 1.107 1.107 Twb (s) Pf (s) Pr (s) Fn(rear) (Hz) % Difference 0.2982 0.9033 0.6051 1.6525 49.3% 0.1491 0.9033 0.7542 1.3258 19.8% 0.0994 0.9033 0.8039 1.2439 12.4% 0.0746 0.9033 0.8288 1.2066 9.0%

Method 2 - I know what I want my rear suspension frequency to be - what should the front be? Wheelbase (in) 110 110 110 110 Speed (mph) 10 30 60 90 Fn(rear) (Hz) 1.213 1.213 1.213 1.213 Twb (s) Pr (s) Pf (s) Fn(front) (Hz) % Difference 0.6248 0.8244 1.4492 0.6900 75.8% 0.2083 0.8244 1.0327 0.9684 25.3% 0.1041 0.8244 0.9285 1.0770 12.6% 0.0694 0.8244 0.8938 1.1188 8.4%

hould differ to combat pitching at a given speed.

r different speeds and/or wheelbases 85 60 1.107 0.0805 0.9033 0.8229 1.2153 9.8% 105 60 1.107 0.0994 0.9033 0.8039 1.2439 12.4% 125 60 1.107 0.1183 0.9033 0.7850 1.2739 15.1%

110 120 1.213 0.0521 0.8244 0.8765 1.1409 6.3%

110 200 1.213 0.0312 0.8244 0.8556 1.1687 3.8%

110 300 1.213 0.0208 0.8244 0.8452 1.1831 2.5%

Equations
Dm = Di + Dw k = 11,250,000 * (Dw)^4 / 8 * Na * (Dm)^3 k = load / deflection (or force / deflection) Fn = 3.13/sqrt(x) Ki = (Km * Kt) / (Km + Kt) Kf = Km CSW = CW CUW SUR = (Kf / Ki) *100% F1*d1 = F2*d2 F1 = (F2 * d2) / d1. MA = d2/d1. DR = d1/d2 ACF = cos(alpha) IR = DR * ACF ST = WT * IR WT = ST / IR IR = ST / WT IR = DR * ACF = (d1/d2) * cos(alpha) WR = k * IR^2 WRi = Ki * (IR)^2 WRf = Km * (IR)^2 SH = Fn / IR WR = CSW / (WT * SH %) WR = (CSW*(2PI*Fn)^2)/386.088

Variables
Suspension RH Ride Height SH Suspension Height WT Wheel Travel ST Shock / Spring Travel DT BT WR Wri Wrf CW CSW CUW IR Fn Levers d1 d2 F1 F2 MA DR Angles ACF alpha Droop Travel Bump Travel Wheel rate Initial wheel rate Final wheel rate Corner Weight Corner Sprung Weight Corner Unsprung Weight Installation ratio Suspension frequency

length of the load arm length of the effort arm Load Effort Mechanical advantage Displacement Ratio

Fn = sqrt ((386.088 * WR ) / CSW ) / 2pi Fw=Fs*IR Fs=k*ST Fw=WR*WT Twb = (0.0568 * WB) / S P= 1 / Fn Pr = Pf - Twb Pf = Pr + Twb Fn = 1 / P The Big Five IR = Ds / Dw Fw = Fs * IR Dw = Ds / IR Fs = k * Ds Fw = WR * Dw

Angle correction factor Angle alpha

Springs Di Dw Dm Na k Lo Lc Sc Fc Ki Km Kt Kf SUR Force Fw Fs Anti-Pitching Twb WB S P Pf Pr

Inside Diameter Wire Diameter Mean Diameter Number of Active Coils Spring Rate Free Length Block Height Travel (max defection) Force Limit Initial Spring Rate (of combined springs) Spring Rate of Main Spring Spring Rate of Tender Spring Final Spring rate Step-up Ratio

Wheel Force Spring Force

Time to travel wheelbase (seconds) Wheelbase (in) Speed (mph) Period (seconds) Period of front suspension (seconds) Period of rear suspension (seconds)