Present Tenses in English

When we speak about tenses in English we must remember that the things that we should learn need start knowledge about the tenses. Albanian students have first to now the verb tenses in Albanian and than to translate them in English. First we will start with, Present tenses are: Present simple and Present progressive. Elementar knowledge: Affirmative: ! work he"she"it works we" ou"the work Ex: I work in a bank he/she/it works in a bank we/you/they work in the bank

How to make he/she/it forms:

Most verbs +-s work-s know-s -s,-sh,-ch,-x +-ies pass passies Exceptions : goes, oes,have has

!erbs en ing in "y

!owe# +y $onsonant +y -ay,-ey,-oy,-uy: +-s says - y,-#y,-py,-ry: -y -ies f#y---f#ies

#uestions: $o ! work% $oes he"she"it work% $o we" ou"the work% %e make simp#e present &uestions with o/ oes+sub'ect+infinitive (without to) *hese wor s are &uestion wor s: %hat %hen %here %ho %hy How How Much Haw Many %hat *ime +e carefu# when &uestions have #ong sub'ects-the wor or er oes not change,

&egative:
! do not work he"she"it does not work we" ou"the do not work -ote: one negative wor is enough, Ex: nobo y un erstan s me (not nobo y oesn.t un erstan me)

'!(P)E P*E'E&T: +'E

%e use the simp#e present to ta#k about /things that are a#ways true /things an habits that happen repeatedl %e often use the simp#e present with wor s that te## you how often: for E0: a#ways, never, often, sometimes, usua##y, once a ay, once a week, every year, a## the time, %e on.t use a present tense to ta#k about how #ong something has #aste ,

Test Yourself
1. Circle the correct answers. Where do/does your sister live?

simple Present

My cat/my cats dont like fish. This car dont/doesnt go very fast. This train stop/stops at every station. Why do English people/English people do drink so much tea? The post office doesnt open/opens on Sundays. When does your holiday start/start your holiday? My parents both play/plays golf. That caf/those cafes stays open all night. er letters dont say/to say very much. ,. (ake senten-es. ! .like/ getting up earl 0 111111111111111111111111111111111111 2ou .want/ something to drink% 111111111111111111111111111111111111 3oe .pla / football on 'unda s4111111111111111111111111111111111111 2ou .remember/ her phone number% 11111111111111111111111111111111 That -lo-k . work/0111111111111111111111111111111111111 'he often .fl /to Paris on business4111111111111111111111111111111111 !t .rain/mu-h here in summer0111111111111111111111111111111111111 Elephants .eat/ meat% 111111111111111111111111111111111111 5e .think/ he -an sing% 111111111111111111111111111111111111 We .need/a new -ar4111111111111111111111111111111111111

Present Progressive
Present progressive in different books is taught as P*E'E&T 67&T!&+7+' and its said to be the real present be-ause, when we speak or write senten-es in English we speak for the moment of speaking that -ontinuous in the future. Present Progressive Forms: 4 ! am working he"she"it is working we" ou"the are working 0 ! am not working he"she"it is not working we" ou"the are not working We make present progressive verbs with be 480ing and there are -ontra-tions in -onversation and informal writing 5ow to make 9ing forms

(ost verbs: 40ing :erbs ending in 9 e .e;/40ing 0ie -hanges to 40ing

working make making lie l ing

$oubling 7ne vowel 4 one -onsonant Two vowels: dont double Two -onsonants: dont double 7nl double in 'T*E''E$ s llables 5APpen happening

double -onsonants 4 0ing stopping sleeping wanting be<!& beginning but not

Present Progressive: +se

We use present progressive to sa that things are .not/ happening now ore around now &ote: we dont use a present tense to sa how long something has lasted.

Present Progressive #uestions

Am ! working% !s he"she"it working% Are we" ou"the working% We make present progressive =uestions with am"are"is 4sub>e-t 4.0.ing

Test Yourself

Present Progressive

!. Put the "ords in the correct order. #etting are you up ? $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ You "hat drinking are? $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ %ot you are listening? $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ #oing "here you are? $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ Talking fast too & am? $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ & film en'oying not this am? $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ (ooking all those people at are "hat? ) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

*n for you & cooking this not? $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

+. Make present progressive sentences. Peter,try,to save money $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ Why,those children,cry? $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ *ll your friends,play football, this afternoon? $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ She,look,very "ell today) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ & think she,make,a big mistake-$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ You,"ear,your usual glasses) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ &,hope,to get a ne" 'ob-$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ The !..!/ train from (ondon to 0dinburgh,run,today? $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

1. 2omplete the te3t "ith verbs from bo3es. 1-5: look not wear snow walk wear

And Mrs. Alexander is coming down the steps of the plane now. It is very cold and it 1________ heavily, but she ________ very happy. !he "________ a dar# blue dress with a blac# coat and boots, but she $________ a hat. !he really is a very beautiful woman. %er husband &________ down the steps with her. 6-11: kiss look return say stop try 'ow Mrs. Alexander and her husband (________ at he crowd and smiling. )he photographers *________ to get nearer, but the police +________ them. ,hat a day- At last, after twenty years, this wonderful women .________ to her country. 'ow the /resident 10________ her hand. ,hat 11________he________ to her, do you thin#1

)est yourself

/resent )enses

1. ,rite the simple present he2she2it forms. 3o__ live__ pass__ play__ stand__ teach__ try__ wash__

. ,rite the 4ing forms. call__ fly__ hold__ ma#e__ play__ sit__ stop__ ". Ma#e simple present sentences. 5ou 6drive17to school ________________________ 3ranny 6drin#87coffee________________________ I 6travel97a lot in :urope ___________________ Alex 6want97 to be a doctor ________________________ )he fast train 6stop87 at this station________________________ 5ou 6spea# :nglish17 to your children ________________________

$. Ma#e present progressive sentences with expressions from the box. Cook not listen sell snow

Im sorry- John cant come to the phone for the moment. He ___________ lunch. Its raining no its not. It ___________. !ou ___________ to me. Theres a man at door. He ___________ "egeta#les. &. Circle the correct answer. ;,here is !usan1< She comes/Shes coming now Do you smoke?/Are you smoking? 'o never. =ohn coo#s dinner now/every Sunday. I<m reading a lot of maga>ines these days/when I go on holiday. I wor# late all this week/most Tuesdays (. Ma#e ?uestions ,hy2all those people2loo# at me21 _________________________________ )he *.1& train to @ondon2run2on !undays21 _________________________________ ,here2you and Ann2have lunch2today21 _________________________________ )hat men in the dar# coat at the bus8 stop2wor#2in our office21 ____________________________________________ *. Correct 6 7 or not 6A71 5ou<re driving to fast1 __ ,hat is this word meaning1 __ I<m not wanting a drin# Bust now1 __ ,ere are you living now1 I<m thin#ing you<re wrong __ !orry, I<m not understanding __

Past tenses
Past tenses44..? When "e speak in the past tense "e describe the actions in the past that ended or are still continuing and "ith the start in the past. Past tenses are divided into t"o parts and they are5 S&MP(0 P*ST *%6 P*ST P78#70SS&90.

Simple Past5 :orms

7egular verbs - &,he,she,you,"e,you,they "orked ) &,he,she,you,"e,you,they did not "orked &rregular forms &,he,she,you,"e You,they "ent &,he,she,you,"e, You,they did %ot go

o" to make regular simple past :orms Most of the verbs5 -)ed "orked *fter ;e<5 -)d hoped 9erbs ending in Y 9o"el ;a= e= o<

>)yed

play

2onsonant ;d= l= r= etc<-y

>ied

>played try>tried

6oubling 8ne vo"el - one consonant double consonants -) ed stopped T"o vo"els5 dont double seem seemed T"o consonants5 dont double "ant "anted 8nly double in ST70SS06 syllables pre:07) P70:07706 With irregular verbs= you have to learn the simple past forms one by one. Simple Past ?uestions5 ? 6id & "ork does he,she,it "ork do "e,you,they "ork Simple Past5 @se We often use the simple past to talk about "hen things happened. We use the simple past= not the present perfect ;have seen< "ith finished time)e3pressions. Note: the word order with ago !ind the di""erence# $# I started this %o& three years ago '# It happened a long time ago

We often use the simple past for things that happened one after another.

Past Progressive
*ffirmative5 & "as "orking he,she,it "as "orking Auestions5 Was & "orking? %egatives5 & "as not "orking "e,you,they "ere Working Were "e,you,they Working "e,you,they "ere not "orking

Was he,she,it "orking?

he,she,it "as %ot "orking

We make past progressive "ith Was,"ere-4)ing. We use the past progressive to say "hat "as ;not< happening around a past time.

Test yourself

Simple Past

!. 2omplete the sentences "ith affirmative verbs= ?uestions or negatives. & didnt learn much :rench at school= but ;a lot of (atin-<$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ & remembered to buy the bread= but ;the milk)< $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

& spoke to *nns father= but ;her mother)< $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ BPeter didnt phone yesterday ;this morning?< $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ & didnt take the bus to (ondon inC;the train-< $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ & kno" you "ent Singapore= but ;Malaysia?< $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ The train stopped at 0dinburgh= but ;#lasgo")< $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ B6id the children see a film? ;Bt"o films-< $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ B& ate your cake ;Bmy chocolates?< $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

+. Make simple past ?uestions. Sarah and her baby came out of hospital this morning. When$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ Peters friends from the office gave him a bicycle. Why$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ The small "omen "ith long hair said something. What$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ The children bought something. What$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ Somebody left a bicycle in the garden. Who $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ Something fell off the table. What$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ Dill found a cat in his office. Who$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

Test yourself
!. Write the simple past forms. (ike$$ bring$$ cry$$ feel$$

Past Tenses
stay$$ stop$$

+. Make simple past sentences. What,all those people,"ant? $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ *ll your brothers,send,birthday cards? $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ The baby,eat,some toothpaste this morning? $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

The teacher,ans"er,my ?uestion) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

1. Make ?uestions. Peter telephoned ;"hy< $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ Mary e3pected something;"hat< $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ Something happened. ;"hat< $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ Somebody took the car.;"ho< $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ E. 2omplete the sentences "ith past progressive verbs. *t F... on Sunday ;"e "atch T9-< $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ When & sa" him he "as holding a paper= but ;read)< $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ When you heard them. ;They speak 0nglish?< $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ /. Put in simple past or past progressive verbs. When & $$$$$$$ out of the house & took my umbrella because it $$$$$$$ ;goC rain< This morning & $$$$$$$ the ne"spaper before & "ent out.;read< When & $$$$$$$ into the room they $$$$$$$ about clothes. ;"alkC talk< *t G oclock yesterday morning & $$$$$$$in the sea. ;s"im< H. Put verbs from the bo3 ;simple or past progressive< into the te3t. $rive open pass pull turn sing start turn wait

&t "as a beautiful morning. The sun "as shining and birds !$$$$$$$. *bout five thousand people +$$$$$$$ in front of the palace. *t !....= the guards1$$$$$$$ the Palace gates and the Presidents carE$$$$$$$ out and/$$$$$$$ left into 6emocracy Street. The cro"dsH$$$$$$$ to sing the %ational *nthem. Then suddenly= 'ust as the Presidents carI$$$$$$$ the 7itJ otel= a manG$$$$$$$ out in front of it andF$$$$$$$ a gun from his pocket.

Talking about the Bfuture

#oing to5 *ffirmative & am going to he,she,it is going to We,you,they are going to Auestion5 *m & going to is he,she,it going to *re "e,you,they going to

%egative5 & am not going to he,she,it is not going to We,you,they are not going to We often use going to "hen "e can se the future in the present)"hen a future situation is starting. We often use going to talk about intentions)things that people have decided ;not< to do. This structure is common in conversation. Note: In in"ormal speech (and songs) we o"ten say gonna "or going to. The will*future forms5 *ffirmative5 &,you,he,she,it,"e,you,they "ill Auestions5 Will &,you,he,she,it,"e,you,they %egative5 &,you,he,she,it,"e,you,they "ill not ;"ont< De careful "hen ?uestions have long sub'ects)the "ord order does not changes. Note: A"ter/ and we+ some people say shall instead o" "ill# The meaning is the same, will is more common in modern -nglish# .ontractions: I shall/Ill shall not/shant Will5 Predicting We use "ill - infinitive to predict) to say thins that "e think= guess or kno" about the future= or to ask ?uestions about the future. We usually say I dont think0 will+ not I think0 I wont

Will5 deciding= refusing= promising We can use "ill "hen "e decide or agree to do things and "hen "e talk about refusing ;saying Bno< and promising. We dont use the simple present in these cases. Things can Brefuse We often use "ill at the moment "hen "e decide something.

T0ST Y8@7S0(:
!. Write the contracted forms. & "ill $$$$$ She "ill $$$$$ &t "ill not $$$$$

:uture

+. Make sentences= ?uestions= or negative sentences "ith going to. Mary,phone,this,evening? $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ &,stop,smoking $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ Peter,marry,his boss $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ &t,rain ) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ &,cook steak,this evening $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ When,you,have a haircut? $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ When,you and your "ife,come and see us? $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 1. Make statements= ?uestions= or negative sentences "ith "ill. &,be,here ne3t "eek - $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ We,have,enough money for holiday ) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ Where,& find,the key? $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ Kohn,pass,his e3ams) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ & think,the train,late $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ *ll this money,change your life? $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ E. Make statements= ?uestions or negative sentences "ith the present progressive. &,see,*ndre" tonight - $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ o",use,the car tomorro" ) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ &,use,the car tomorro" ) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ Kohn and Sylvia,stay,"ith us tomorro" $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ What time,the people from (ondon,arrive? $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ /. 2ircle the best form. *nn is going to/will have a baby. Perhaps & will see/am seeing you again one day. Theres someone at the door BI go/Ill go. & promise I tell/Ill tell you tomorro". & will see/am seeing the doctor tomorro" at !..1.. (ook)Koe is going to/will sho" us something interesting & dont "ant to drive ok Im going to/Ill drive. Shall "e go out? %o Ill/Im going to "ash my clothes & think Im taking/Ill take guitar lessons one day.